Earth and rockfill dam piping leakage rapid identification device

Abstract

The utility model discloses an earth and rockfill dam piping leakage rapid identification device which comprises an experiment groove, an earth and rockfill dam, sandy filling soil and viscous covering soil, and the rear portion of the experiment groove forms piping points on the surface of the sandy filling soil through seepage water. The water level metering plate is arranged in front of the earth and rockfill dam, the deformation observation plate is arranged in the earth and rockfill dam, and the arrangement direction of the deformation observation plate is perpendicular to the ground; the camera, the thermal infrared instrument and the ultrasonic instrument are arranged behind the earth and rockfill dam, monitoring lenses of the camera, the thermal infrared instrument and the ultrasonic instrument point to be perpendicular to the ground, and the camera, the thermal infrared instrument and the ultrasonic instrument are connected with the numerical value workstation. On the basis of recording and observing the whole process of breakwater foundation piping occurrence, breakwater foundation piping development and earth and rockfill dam burst, dominant indexes and characteristic values (such as piping position, piping caliber, water and sand bursting amount, dam body settlement or collapse, surface temperature, noise change and the like) under different critical conditions are analyzed and obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of experimental equipment technology, specifically to a rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth and rock dams. Background Technology

[0002] Piping is a phenomenon where seepage erodes the dam's internal building materials, creating tubular seepage channels in a sandy, permeable layer. Piping initially manifests as sand boiling and sand-carrying outflow at the seepage outlet on the dam's backwater side. It then gradually propagates upstream along the contact surface between the foundation sand layer and the bottom of the dam or the topsoil covering layer. This gradual erosion can eventually lead to dam collapse and breach. Current research on dam piping primarily utilizes indoor and outdoor physical model experiments. Indoor dam piping experiments avoid interference from external natural factors, allow for selective control of water and soil elements influencing piping occurrence and development, and offer good operability and repeatability.

[0003] Current indoor experiments on piping and seepage in dams primarily rely on visual observation to determine the occurrence of piping on the dam surface. This limits the observation and acquisition of data and characteristics of the entire process of piping, from its inception to its development, including water and sand inflow. Furthermore, the monitoring focuses mainly on parameters such as the internal material of the dam foundation, the thickness of the overburden layer, the water level upstream of the dam, and the critical gradient for piping failure, neglecting the identifiable optical, acoustic, geometric, and physical information of piping points. This makes it difficult to obtain the key external characteristics of piping failure, resulting in insufficient effectiveness and accuracy in identifying piping locations and assessing potential hazards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams, so as to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams includes an experimental tank. An earth-rock dam is set inside the experimental tank. Sandy fill is set at the bottom of the experimental tank, and cohesive overburden is set on the surface of the sandy fill inside the experimental tank. Piping points are formed on the surface of the sandy fill through water seepage at the rear of the experimental tank.

[0007] A water level measuring plate is installed in front of the earth-rock dam, and a deformation observation plate is installed in the earth-rock dam, wherein the deformation observation plate is installed perpendicular to the ground.

[0008] Cameras, thermal infrared meters, and ultrasonic meters are installed behind the earth-rock dam. The monitoring lenses of the cameras, thermal infrared meters, and ultrasonic meters are pointed perpendicular to the ground. The cameras, thermal infrared meters, and ultrasonic meters are connected to a numerical workstation. The numerical workstation is equipped with a data analysis device for measuring the soil temperature, noise, piping location, piping point diameter, water / sand inflow volume, and earth-rock dam settlement amplitude behind the dam.

[0009] Preferably, the experimental tank has dimensions of 3.0m in length, 0.8m in width, and 1.5m in height.

[0010] Preferably, the numerical workstation is connected to a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is connected to a camera, a thermal infrared meter, and an ultrasonic meter.

[0011] Preferably, a support frame is fixedly provided on one side of the experimental tank, and the support frame has an L-shaped structure;

[0012] The camera, thermal infrared meter, and ultrasonic meter are all fixed on the support frame.

[0013] Preferably, the experimental tank includes an outer shell, one end of which is provided with an inclined perforated plate, and several wedge plates are provided between the outer shell and the perforated plate.

[0014] Preferably, a reinforcing frame is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer shell, and several partitions are fixedly installed inside the outer shell, with through holes in the middle of the partitions.

[0015] Preferably, a discharge pipe is provided at one end of the experimental tank, and a water and sand weighing device is provided at one end of the experimental tank located below the outlet of the discharge pipe.

[0016] Preferably, a water inlet pipe is provided above the front end of the experimental tank.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams provided by this utility model are as follows:

[0018] Based on the complete recording and observation of the occurrence, development, and failure of piping in the embankment foundation, this study analyzes and obtains explicit indicators and their characteristic values ​​(such as piping location, piping diameter, water and sand inflow, dam settlement or collapse, surface temperature and noise changes, etc.) under different critical conditions. This helps to further understand and recognize the physical mechanisms of piping occurrence and development, and provides a data foundation for the application of numerical simulation prediction of embankment failure and rapid hazard identification technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth and rock dams according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is another perspective view of the structure of an embodiment of the rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth and rock dams according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, which provides a rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth and rock dams.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for laying cohesive cover soil and sandy fill soil, provided in an embodiment of the rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to this utility model.

[0024] 1. Support frame; 2. Experimental tank; 21. Outer shell; 22. Perforated plate; 23. Wedge plate; 24. Reinforcing frame; 25. Partition plate; 3. Ultrasonic instrument; 4. Camera; 5. Thermal infrared instrument; 6. Discharge pipe; 7. Water and sand weighing device; 8. Water inlet pipe; 9. Water level measuring plate; 10. Deformation observation plate; 11. Sandy fill; 12. Cohesive cover; 13. Earth-rock dam; 14. Piping point. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1-4As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a rapid identification device for piping and seepage in an earth-rock dam, comprising an experimental tank 2, an earth-rock dam 13 inside the experimental tank 2, sandy fill 13 below the interior of the experimental tank 2, and cohesive overburden 12 on the upper surface of the sandy fill 13 inside the experimental tank 2. Piping points 14 are formed on the surface of the sandy fill 13 by water seepage at the rear of the experimental tank 2; a water level measuring plate 9 is set in front of the earth-rock dam 13, and a deformation observation plate 10 is set in the earth-rock dam 13, with the deformation observation plate 10 set perpendicular to the ground; a camera 4, a thermal infrared meter 5, and an ultrasonic meter 3 are set behind the earth-rock dam 13, with the monitoring lenses of the camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3 pointing perpendicular to the ground. The camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3 are connected to a numerical workstation, which is equipped with a measured data analysis device for soil temperature, noise, piping location, piping point diameter, water / sand flow rate, and earth-rock dam settlement amplitude behind the dam.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] In this embodiment, experimental tank 2 is included;

[0029] Specifically, the experimental trench measures 3.0m long × 0.8m wide × 1.5m high; the camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3 should be capable of acquiring data within the width of the experimental trench 2. To facilitate comparison of the captured images, measurement markers can be set on the soil. The measurement markers can be a grid drawn on the ground behind the entire earth-rock dam or a grid marked with string.

[0030] Specifically, the experimental tank 2 includes an outer shell 21, which is made of PVC material. An inclined perforated plate 22 is provided inside one end of the outer shell 21. Several wedge plates 23 are provided between the outer shell 21 and the perforated plate 22 to reinforce and support the perforated plate 22 and prevent the soil from squeezing the perforated plate.

[0031] Specifically, a reinforcing frame 24 is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer shell 21. The reinforcing frame 24 is made of steel structure, and several partitions 25 are fixedly installed inside the outer shell 21. The partitions 25 have through holes in the middle.

[0032] In this embodiment, a water inlet pipe 8 is provided above the front end of the experimental tank 2.

[0033] In this embodiment, an earth-rock dam 13 is installed inside the experimental tank 2, and sandy fill 13 is installed at the bottom of the experimental tank 2. A cohesive overburden 12 is placed on the upper surface of the sandy fill 13 inside the experimental tank 2. Piping points 14 are formed on the surface of the sandy fill 13 at the rear of the experimental tank 2 through water seepage. The soil (sandy fill 13 and cohesive overburden 12) needs to be tested for type, particle size, and gradation to obtain basic information about the soil. In the experiment, soils of different types, particle sizes, and gradations are usually selected for testing.

[0034] In this embodiment, a water level measuring plate 9 is installed in front of the earth-rock dam 13, and a deformation observation plate 10 is installed in the earth-rock dam 13. The deformation observation plate 10 is installed in a direction perpendicular to the ground.

[0035] In this embodiment, a camera 4, a thermal infrared meter 5, and an ultrasonic meter 3 are installed behind the earth-rock dam 13.

[0036] Specifically, a support frame 1 is fixedly installed on one side of the experimental tank 2. The support frame 1 has an L-shaped structure.

[0037] Specifically, the camera 4, the thermal infrared meter 5, and the ultrasonic meter 3 are all fixed on the support frame 1.

[0038] Specifically, the monitoring lenses of camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3 are pointed perpendicular to the ground, and camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3 are connected to the numerical workstation.

[0039] Specifically, the numerical workstation is connected to the data acquisition unit, which in turn is connected to camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3. The numerical workstation is equipped with a data analysis device for measured data on soil temperature behind the dam, noise, piping location, piping point diameter, water / sand inflow volume, and the settlement amplitude of the earth-rock dam. The key is to determine the location of the piping point by analyzing the thermal infrared and ultrasonic monitoring data from camera 4, thermal infrared meter 5, and ultrasonic meter 3, along with the images and videos acquired through photography.

[0040] A numerical workstation is an electronic device capable of digital storage, processing, and program computation. It can be a desktop computer such as a PC, a laptop computer, or other similar electronic digital processing equipment. Analysis devices are infrared image and ultrasonic monitoring data and image processing systems installed within electronic digital processing equipment. These processing systems consist of hardware, software, or a combination of both.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This embodiment is an improvement on Embodiment 1. Based on Embodiment 1, a discharge pipe 6 is provided at one end of the experimental tank 2, and a water and sand weighing device 7 is provided at the other end of the experimental tank 2 below the outlet of the discharge pipe 6. The discharge pipe 6 is used to discharge water / sand, and the water / sand discharge pipe and the water and sand weighing device can be used to measure the total amount of water and sand inflow under different critical conditions.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This embodiment describes a method for rapid identification of piping and seepage in earth-rock dams using the devices described in Embodiments 1 and 2 above.

[0045] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: fill soil samples and ensure saturation, set multiple sets of water levels in front of the dam for each type of soil sample to conduct full-process observation experiments, record and store the measured results of each characteristic parameter, collect and weigh the amount of water and sand that flowed from piping to near the breach, ensure that the water level in front of the dam remains unchanged after the piping failure occurs, and change different water levels in front of the dam to carry out the next set of cyclic experiments.

[0046] The experiment can be conducted using two different experimental schemes:

[0047] (1) At the same water level in front of the dam, multiple experiments were conducted on the same type of soil with different particle sizes.

[0048] (2) At the same water level in front of the dam, multiple experiments were conducted on the same type of soil with different gradations.

[0049] The multiple experiments were analyzed using a numerical workstation with a thermal infrared instrument, an ultrasonic instrument, and a camera to analyze and compare the influence of different critical conditions for piping and dam failure on various physical characteristic parameters.

[0050] The data collected and analyzed in the experiment included:

[0051] (1) Data on temperature change at piping point, noise data near piping point, distance from piping outlet to embankment toe, and change in orifice diameter over time.

[0052] (2) The total amount of water and sand inflow under different critical conditions, the slight subsidence height of the earth-rock dam before the breach of the dam under different water heads and different soil types, and the deformation coefficient.

[0053] The method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] The steps for selecting experimental conditions are as follows: This involves choosing different water levels, soil types, particle sizes, and gradations in front of the dam, based on the experimental requirements. Experimental conditions include different water levels in front of the dam, different soil types, and different soil particle sizes and gradations. These conditions allow for the setting of various experimental parameters.

[0055] The steps for on-site data collection are as follows: data on temperature changes at piping points, noise near piping points, distance between piping outlet and embankment toe, changes in orifice diameter over time, total water and sand inflow under different critical conditions, slight subsidence height of earth-rock dam before piping failure under different water heads and soil types, and deformation coefficient.

[0056] The filming procedure is as follows: The filming is used to capture the development of the piping phenomenon throughout the entire experiment.

[0057] The identification and analysis steps are as follows: The captured photos and thermal infrared and ultrasonic monitoring data are analyzed to compare the influence of different piping failure critical conditions on various physical characteristic parameters.

[0058] Example 4:

[0059] This embodiment is an improvement upon Embodiment 3, detailing the experimental conditions. The experimental conditions described in this embodiment are as follows:

[0060] At the same water level in front of the dam, multiple experiments were conducted on the underlying soil of the same soil type with different soil particle size ratios. The amount of water and sand inflow from piping to near the breach varied depending on the particle size; the larger the particle size, the greater the amount of water and sand inflow. The relationship between soil particle size and the amount of water and sand inflow was determined through experiments.

[0061] At the same water level in front of the dam, multiple experiments were conducted on the same type of overburden soil with different soil particle size ratios. Different particle sizes resulted in variations in data regarding temperature abrupt changes at the piping point, noise levels near the piping point, distance between the piping outlet and the dam toe, and changes in orifice diameter over time. The influence of soil particle size on the distance between the piping outlet and the dam toe was also significant, and the relationship between soil particle size and this distance requires further investigation.

[0062] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams, characterized in that, The experimental tank (2) includes an earth-rock dam (13) inside the experimental tank (2), sandy fill (11) is placed inside the experimental tank (2), and cohesive overburden (12) is placed on the upper surface of the sandy fill (11) inside the experimental tank (2). Piping points (14) are formed on the surface of the sandy fill (11) at the rear of the experimental tank (2) through water seepage. A water level metering plate (9) is set in front of the earth-rock dam (13), and a deformation observation plate (10) is set in the earth-rock dam (13). The deformation observation plate (10) is set in a direction perpendicular to the ground. A camera (4), a thermal infrared meter (5), and an ultrasonic meter (3) are installed behind the earth-rock dam (13). The monitoring lenses of the camera (4), thermal infrared meter (5), and ultrasonic meter (3) are pointed perpendicular to the ground. The camera (4), thermal infrared meter (5), and ultrasonic meter (3) are connected to a numerical workstation. The numerical workstation is equipped with a data analysis device for measuring the soil temperature, noise, piping location, piping point diameter, water / sand flow rate, and earth-rock dam settlement amplitude behind the dam.

2. The rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental tank measures 3.0m in length, 0.8m in width, and 1.5m in height.

3. The rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The numerical workstation is connected to the data acquisition unit, which is connected to the camera (4), the thermal infrared meter (5), and the ultrasonic meter (3).

4. The rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support frame (1) is fixedly installed on one side of the experimental tank (2), and the support frame (1) is an L-shaped structure; The camera (4), thermal infrared meter (5), and ultrasonic meter (3) are all fixed on the support frame (1).

5. The rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental tank (2) includes an outer shell (21), and an inclined perforated plate (22) is provided inside one end of the outer shell (21). Several wedge plates (23) are provided between the outer shell (21) and the perforated plate (22).

6. A rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer shell (21) is fixedly installed with a reinforcing frame (24), and a number of partitions (25) are fixedly installed inside the outer shell (21), with through holes in the middle of the partitions (25).

7. The rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental tank (2) is provided with a discharge pipe (6) at one end, and a water and sand weighing device (7) located below the outlet of the discharge pipe (6) at one end of the experimental tank (2).

8. A rapid identification device for piping and seepage in earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water inlet pipe (8) is provided above the front end of the experimental tank (2).

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