Toe model and foot model
By designing a toe model that includes simulated toes, a base plate, an extension mechanism, and a pressure detection device, the problem of existing devices being unable to simulate different neurological symptoms was solved, and the simulation and training of various pathological reflexes were realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422675826.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-04
AI Technical Summary
Existing pathological reflex examination devices are difficult to simulate the examination methods for different neurological symptoms and lack training devices.
A toe model was designed, including a simulated toe, a base plate, an extension mechanism, and a control device. The big toe guide rod and the fourth toe guide rod are driven by a drive motor and a guide plate to realize the extension and retraction movements of the big toe structure and the fourth toe structure. The flexion mechanism simulates the flexion and extension of the toes. At the same time, a pressure detection device is set in the model to detect the applied force.
It enables the simulation and training of pathological reflexes of different nervous systems, especially the simulation of positive reactions of Babinski sign and its equivalents, and provides a training device for various examination methods.
Smart Images
Figure CN223871143U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of medical simulation, and more particularly to a toe model. Background Technology
[0002] Pathological reflex examination is an important part of routine physical examination of the nervous system. It mainly includes Babinski's sign and its equivalents, such as Oppenheim's sign, Gordon's sign, and Chadok's sign. Their positive responses are consistent, all showing dorsiflexion of the big toe accompanied by fanning out of the other toes, also known as the extensor plantar reflex. However, the examination methods differ for each sign. Therefore, there is a need for a device that can simulate the positive response of pathological reflexes in the nervous system, as well as a training device that can be used for different examination methods of neurological signs. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a toe model, including simulated toes, a base plate, an extension mechanism, and a control device, wherein:
[0004] The base plate is configured as a simulated foot sole structure to support and fix the simulated toes and the extension mechanism;
[0005] The extension mechanism includes a drive motor, a guide plate, a thumb guide rod, and a four-toe guide rod. The drive motor is fixed to the rear end of the base plate, and the guide plate is fixed to the output end of the drive motor. The guide plate is provided with a thumb guide groove and a four-toe guide groove corresponding to the thumb guide rod and the four-toe guide rod, respectively. One end of the thumb guide rod is provided with a thumb guide slider that is slidably connected to the thumb guide groove, and the other end is hinged to the front end of the base plate. One end of the four-toe guide rod is provided with a four-toe guide slider that is slidably connected to the four-toe guide groove, and the other end is hinged to the front end of the base plate.
[0006] The simulated toe includes a big toe structure and a four-toe structure, which are respectively hinged to the front end of the big toe guide rod and the four-toe guide rod;
[0007] The control device is electrically connected to the extension mechanism and is used to control the drive motor to drive the guide plate to drive the big toe guide rod and the four toe guide rod to slide in the big toe guide groove and the four toe guide groove, thereby realizing the unfolding and retraction movement of the big toe structure and the four toe structure.
[0008] Furthermore, the big toe guide rod is configured to rotate perpendicular to the plantar surface of the foot, and the fourth toe guide rod is configured to rotate parallel to the plantar surface of the foot.
[0009] Furthermore, the front end of the base plate is provided with a thumb fixing hole and a four-toe fixing hole, which are respectively hinged to the thumb guide rod and the four-toe guide rod via a hinge shaft. The thumb fixing hole is set to be parallel to the plantar surface of the foot, and the four-toe fixing hole is set to be perpendicular to the plantar surface of the foot.
[0010] Furthermore, the guide plate includes a thumb guide plate and a four-toe guide plate that are perpendicular to each other. The thumb guide plate is slidably connected to the thumb guide rod through the thumb guide groove, and the four-toe guide plate is slidably connected to the four-toe guide rod through the four-toe guide groove.
[0011] Furthermore, the thumb guide plate is hinged to the four-toe guide plate.
[0012] Furthermore, the thumb guide plate and the four-toe guide plate are integrally formed.
[0013] Furthermore, the base plate is provided with a sliding guide rail for fixing and guiding the movement of the guide plate.
[0014] Furthermore, the big toe structure is configured to include a distal toe joint and a proximal toe joint that are hinged together and can rotate relative to each other, and the four toe structure is configured to include a distal toe joint, a middle toe joint, and a proximal toe joint that are hinged together and can rotate relative to each other in sequence.
[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a flexion mechanism, comprising a second drive motor, a hub plate, and pull ropes. The second drive motor is electrically connected to the control device and is fixedly connected to the base plate. The hub plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor. The pull ropes correspond to the five toes of the simulated toes respectively. One end of each pull rope is fixed to the hub plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the distal phalanx joint of each toe.
[0016] This application also provides a foot model, including the toe model described in any of the preceding claims, and further including a bony shell structure, a simulated epidermis, and a pressure detection device. The bony shell structure is fixed to the upper part of the base plate to support the simulated epidermis. The pressure detection device is connected to the control device and is configured to detect the force applied to the foot model.
[0017] Furthermore, the pressure detection device includes at least one pressure sensor.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this application are:
[0019] The toe model incorporates an extension mechanism, including a drive motor, a guide plate with guide grooves, a big toe guide rod, and a fourth toe guide rod. The drive motor drives the big toe and fourth toe structures to perform extension and retraction movements, respectively. The guide plate is L-shaped, with the hinge direction between the big toe and fourth toe structures and the base plate perpendicular, simulating the dorsiflexion of the big toe and the extension of the fourth toe, thus simulating the positive response of Babinski's sign and its equivalent neurological pathological reflexes. The flexion mechanism includes a drive motor, a cable tray, and traction ropes. The big toe and fourth toe structures are hinged to relatively rotatable toe joints. The traction ropes are connected to the distal joints of each toe. The reciprocating motion of the drive motor pulls and releases the traction ropes, simulating the flexion and extension of each toe. Furthermore, pressure detection devices are installed at different locations on the foot model to detect the forces applied to the model, enabling training in different methods for examining neurological pathological reflexes. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the toe model in the embodiment of this application.
[0021] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of a toe model according to an embodiment of this application.
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the extended state structure of the toe model in an embodiment of this application.
[0023] Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the extended state of the toe model in the embodiment of this application.
[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flexion structure of the toe model in the embodiment of this application.
[0025] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of a foot model according to another embodiment of this application.
[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the examination method path for a foot model according to another embodiment of this application.
[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the extended state of a foot model according to another embodiment of this application.
[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the examination method path and extension state of a foot model according to another embodiment of this application.
[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the examination method path and extension state of a foot model according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.
[0031] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this application embodiment provides a toe model 10, including a simulated toe 1, a base plate 2, an extension mechanism 3, and a control device (not shown in the figure), as detailed below:
[0032] The base plate 2 is designed as a simulated foot sole structure to support and fix the simulated toes 1 and the extension mechanism 3;
[0033] The extension mechanism 3, configured to drive the extension movement of the big toe structure 11 and the four-toe structure 12, includes a drive motor 31, a guide plate 32, a big toe guide rod 33, and a four-toe guide rod 34. The drive motor 31 is fixed to the rear end of the base plate 2, and the guide plate 32 is fixed to the output end of the drive motor 31. The guide plate 32 is provided with a big toe guide groove 321 and a four-toe guide groove 322 corresponding to the big toe guide rod 33 and the four-toe guide rod 34, respectively. One end of the big toe guide rod 33 is provided with a big toe guide slider 331 that is slidably connected to the big toe guide groove 321, and the other end is hinged to the front end of the base plate 2. One end of the four-toe guide rod 34 is provided with a four-toe guide slider 341 that is slidably connected to the four-toe guide groove 322, and the other end is hinged to the front end of the base plate 2. When the guide plate 32 is driven by the drive motor 31, the extension mechanism 32 is activated. When the toe guides the toe and the four-toe guides reciprocate, the big toe guide groove 321 and the four-toe guide groove 322 respectively drive the big toe guide rod 33 and the four-toe guide rod 34 to rotate around the hinge axis. The big toe guide groove 321 and the four-toe guide groove 322 provide stroke guidance for their rotation. In this embodiment, only one configuration of the guide plate 32 and the four-toe guide rod 34 is shown. The guide plate 32 is provided with three four-toe guide grooves 322, which correspond to three four-toe guide rods 34 with four-toe guide sliders 341, so that the corresponding toe rotation can be simulated to unfold. In other embodiments, the number of four-toe guide grooves 322 and the corresponding slidable four-toe guide rods 34 can be set as needed to simulate more different toe states.
[0034] The simulated toe 1 includes a big toe structure 11 and a four-toe structure 12, which are respectively hinged to the front ends of the big toe guide rod 33 and the four-toe guide rod 34;
[0035] The control device is electrically connected to the extension mechanism 3, and controls the drive motor 31 to drive the guide plate 32 to reciprocate, causing the big toe guide slider 331 and the four toe guide slider 341 to move in the big toe guide groove 321 and the four toe guide groove 322 respectively, thereby driving the big toe guide rod 33 and the four toe guide rod 34 to drive the big toe structure 11 and the four toe structure 12 to unfold and retract respectively.
[0036] In neuropathological reflexes, the extension directions of structures 11 of the big toe and 12 of the fourth toe are different. For example, Babinski's sign and its equivalent signs such as Chaddock's sign, Oppenheim's sign, Scheffer's sign, Gordon's syndrome, Gonda's sign, and Pussep's sign all show positive reactions. The big toe is dorsiflexed, and the other toes are fanned out. The big toe and the other four toes are perpendicular to each other in their extension directions.
[0037] Therefore, in this embodiment, the big toe guide rod 33 is configured to rotate perpendicular to the plantar surface, and the fourth toe guide rod 34 is configured to rotate parallel to the plantar surface. It should be explained that the plantar surface is the plane of the bottom of the forefoot.
[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the front end of the base plate 2 is provided with a big toe fixing hole 21 and a four-toe fixing hole 22. The big toe fixing hole 21 is set to be parallel to the plantar surface of the foot, and the four-toe fixing hole 22 is set to be perpendicular to the plantar surface of the foot. They are respectively hinged to the big toe guide rod 33 and the four-toe guide rod 34 through a hinge shaft. The guide plate 32 includes a big toe guide plate 323 and a four-toe guide plate 324 that are perpendicular to each other. The big toe guide plate 323 is provided with a big toe guide groove 321, and the four-toe guide plate 324 is provided with a four-toe guide groove 322. They are respectively slidably connected with the big toe guide slider 331 and the four-toe guide slider 341.
[0039] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 Driven by the drive motor 31, the drive guide plate 32 moves along... Figure 3 The thumb guide slider 331 and the four-toe guide slider 341 slide from the front end of the groove to the bottom under the push of the thumb guide groove 321 and the four-toe guide groove 322, respectively. That is, the thumb guide slider 331 slides from top to bottom with the hinge as the axis, driving the thumb guide rod 33 to rotate vertically around the hinge axis, thereby driving the thumb structure 11 along the direction indicated by the arrow in (a). Figure 3As indicated by arrow (b), the upward rotation generates dorsiflexion. The four-toe guide sliders 341 slide horizontally from the outside to the inside around their respective hinges, causing the four-toe guide rods 34 to rotate horizontally around the hinge axis, thereby driving the four-toe structure 12 along... Figure 3 The direction indicated by arrow (c) is outward and horizontal, which represents the positive reaction state of the above-mentioned pathological reflexes of the nervous system. By controlling the drive motor 31 to move in the opposite direction through the control device, the guide plate 32 is driven to restore the big toe structure 11 and the fourth toe structure 12 to the normal toe state.
[0040] In this embodiment, the thumb guide groove 321 and the four-toe guide groove 322 are configured to control the sliding direction and sliding range of the thumb guide slider 331 and the four-toe guide slider 341, and further control the extension direction and angle of the thumb structure 11 and the four-toe structure 12. Therefore, by setting the direction and length of the thumb guide groove 321 and the four-toe guide groove 322, the unfolding state of different extension directions and angles can be simulated.
[0041] To facilitate the reciprocating motion of the guide plate 32 driven by the drive motor 31, a sliding guide rail 23 (such as...) is provided on the base plate 2. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the sliding guide rail 23 is set on both sides and the bottom of the base plate 2 to fix and guide the movement stroke of the guide plate 32, and can also reduce frictional resistance.
[0042] In some embodiments, the thumb guide plate 323 and the four-toe guide plate 324 can be hinged or integrally formed. The thumb guide plate 323 and the four-toe guide plate 324 are fixedly connected and driven by a drive motor simultaneously, which facilitates the synchronous extension and retraction process of the thumb structure 11 and the four-toe structure 12.
[0043] To further approximate the structure of a real toe, the big toe structure 11 is configured to include a distal toe joint and a proximal toe joint that are hinged together and can rotate relative to each other, and the four toe structure 12 is configured to include a distal toe joint, a middle toe joint, and a proximal toe joint that are hinged together and can rotate relative to each other in sequence.
[0044] To better accommodate simulations of more toe states, some embodiments also include a flexion mechanism for achieving toe flexion and extension, such as... Figure 5As shown, the flexion mechanism includes a second drive motor 100, a hub plate 200, and pull ropes (not shown). The second drive motor 100 is electrically connected to the control device and is fixed on the base plate 2, located above the drive motor 31. The hub plate 200 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor 100. The pull ropes consist of five steel wire ropes, corresponding to the big toe structure 11 and the fourth toe structure 12, respectively. One end of each steel wire rope is fixed to the hub plate 200, and the other end is fixedly connected to the distal phalanx joint of each toe. In this embodiment, the control device controls the second drive motor 100 to drive the hub plate 200 to pull and release the big toe structure 11 and the fourth toe structure 12 through the pull ropes, thereby achieving the flexion and extension of the five toes. In this embodiment, the pull ropes are configured as devices with rigid traction force, including but not limited to steel wire ropes, Bowden wire, etc.
[0045] like Figures 6-8 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a foot model for training the Babinski examination technique, including a toe model 10, a bony shell structure 20, a simulated epidermis 30, and a pressure detection device. The toe model 10 (combined with...) Figure 1 , Figure 2 The device includes a simulated toe 1, a base plate 2, an extension mechanism 3, and a control device. The simulated toe 1 includes a big toe structure 11 and a four-toe structure 12. The extension mechanism 3 includes a drive motor 31, a guide plate 32, a big toe guide rod 33, and a four-toe guide rod 34. The drive motor 31 is electrically connected to the control device and is fixedly connected to the rear end of the base plate 2. The output end is fixedly connected to the guide plate 32. The guide plate 32 is an "L"-shaped plate, including a big toe guide plate 323 and a four-toe guide plate 324, and is respectively provided with a big toe guide groove 321 and a four-toe guide groove 322. One end of rod 33 and four-toe guide rod 34 is respectively provided with a big toe guide slider 331 and a four-toe guide slider 341, which are slidably connected to the big toe guide groove 321 and the four-toe guide groove 322, respectively. The other ends are respectively hinged to the front end of the base plate 2. The bone shell structure 20 is set as a simulated foot dorsum structure and is set on the upper part of the base plate 2 to support the simulated epidermis 30. The pressure detection device is electrically connected to the control device and is set at the bottom of the base plate 2 to detect the operator's inspection technique. In this embodiment, the pressure detection device adopts a capacitive pressure sensor. When the operator moves along the... Figure 7 When the direction indicated by the middle arrow (from the heel forward to the base of the little toe, turning inward) is applied to the sole of the foot model, the capacitive pressure sensor detects the operation. The control device then drives the drive motor 31 to move the guide plate 32, pushing the big toe guide rod 33 and the fourth toe guide rod 34, causing the big toe structure 11 to dorsiflex and the fourth toe structure 12 to fan out, as shown in the image. Figure 8 As shown, the foot model demonstrates the positive response state of Babinski's sign, thus completing the operational training of the positive response examination method for Babinski's sign.
[0046] Although the neurological pathological reflexes mentioned above, such as Chaddock's sign, Oppenheim's sign, Scheffer's sign, Gordon's syndrome, Gonda's sign, and Pussep's sign, have the same positive reaction as Babinski's sign, the examination methods are different. Therefore, in other embodiments, the pressure detection device can be set at the examination site corresponding to each symptom to realize the demonstration and training of different symptom examination methods.
[0047] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides an Oppenheimer's sign foot model, including a toe model (refer to the toe model in the previous embodiment, which will not be repeated here), a bony shell structure, a simulated epidermis, and a pressure detection device. The bony shell structure is configured to include a simulated dorsum of the foot and a tibia structure, fixed to the base plate of the toe model. The simulated epidermis covers the toe model and the bony shell structure. The pressure detection device is located at the front end of the tibia. When the operator moves along... Figure 9 When the operation is performed on the anterior end of the tibia in the direction indicated by the middle (x) arrow (sliding down forcefully along the anterior edge of the tibia), the pressure detection device detects the operation and drives the toe model through the control device to cause the big toe structure 11 to dorsiflex and the four toe structures 12 to fan out, showing the positive response state of Oppenheim's sign, which is used for training of this neuropathological reflex examination method.
[0048] Similarly, such as Figure 10 As shown, this illustrates the pathways for examining reflexes in other neurological pathologies. Figure 10 The middle (m) arrow indicates the operation path of the Chadock sign examination method. The pressure detection device is set below the lateral malleolus to the lateral side of the foot, which can be used to train the examination technique of Chadock sign. Figure 10 The middle (n) arrow indicates the operational path for examining Schäfer's sign. Placing the pressure testing device on the Achilles tendon can be used to train the examination technique for Schäfer's sign. Additionally, placing the pressure testing device on the 4th and 5th toes can be used for training the examination technique for Gunda's sign; placing it on the lateral edge of the dorsum of the foot can be used for training the examination technique for Pushiber's sign.
[0049] In other embodiments, the foot model can also be applied to a simulated human body model, and by setting a pressure detection device at the intestinal muscle site, it can also be used for training of Gordon syndrome examination methods.
[0050] The above training of neuropathic reflexes is merely an illustrative example and does not imply that it is limited to the above embodiments.
[0051] In the above embodiments, the pressure detection device can be a capacitive pressure sensor or a combination of several pressure sensors.
Claims
1. A toe model, characterized in that, Includes simulated toes, a base plate, an extension mechanism, and a control device, among which: The base plate is configured as a simulated foot sole structure to support and fix the simulated toes and the extension mechanism; The extension mechanism includes a drive motor, a guide plate, a thumb guide rod, and a four-toe guide rod. The drive motor is fixed to the rear end of the base plate, and the guide plate is fixed to the output end of the drive motor. The guide plate is provided with a thumb guide groove and a four-toe guide groove corresponding to the thumb guide rod and the four-toe guide rod, respectively. One end of the thumb guide rod is provided with a thumb guide slider that is slidably connected to the thumb guide groove, and the other end is hinged to the front end of the base plate. One end of the four-toe guide rod is provided with a four-toe guide slider that is slidably connected to the four-toe guide groove, and the other end is hinged to the front end of the base plate. The simulated toe includes a big toe structure and a four-toe structure, which are respectively hinged to the front end of the big toe guide rod and the four-toe guide rod; The control device is electrically connected to the extension mechanism and is used to control the drive motor to drive the guide plate to drive the big toe guide rod and the four toe guide rod to slide in the big toe guide groove and the four toe guide groove, thereby realizing the unfolding and retraction movement of the big toe structure and the four toe structure. in: The big toe guide rod is configured to rotate perpendicular to the plantar surface of the foot, and the fourth toe guide rod is configured to rotate parallel to the plantar surface of the foot. The front end of the base plate is provided with a big toe fixing hole and a fourth toe fixing hole, which are respectively hinged to the big toe guide rod and the fourth toe guide rod through a hinge shaft. The big toe fixing hole is set to be parallel to the plantar surface of the foot, and the fourth toe fixing hole is set to be perpendicular to the plantar surface of the foot. The guide plate includes a thumb guide plate and a four-toe guide plate that are perpendicular to each other. The thumb guide plate is slidably connected to the thumb guide rod through the thumb guide groove, and the four-toe guide plate is slidably connected to the four-toe guide rod through the four-toe guide groove.
2. The toe model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thumb guide plate is hinged to the fourth toe guide plate.
3. The toe model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thumb guide plate and the fourth toe guide plate are integrally formed.
4. The toe model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base plate is provided with a sliding guide rail for fixing and guiding the movement of the guide plate.
5. The toe model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thumb structure is configured to include a distal toe joint and a proximal toe joint that are hinged together and can rotate relative to each other. The four-toe structure is configured to include a distal toe joint, a middle toe joint, and a proximal toe joint that are hinged together and can rotate relative to each other in sequence.
6. The toe model according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a flexion mechanism, comprising a second drive motor, a hub plate, and pull ropes. The second drive motor is electrically connected to the control device and is fixedly connected to the base plate. The hub plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive motor. The pull ropes correspond to the five toes of the simulated toes respectively. One end of each pull rope is fixed to the hub plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the distal phalanx joint of each toe.
7. A foot model, characterized in that, The foot model includes the toe model as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and further includes a bony shell structure, a simulated epidermis, and a pressure detection device. The bony shell structure is fixed to the upper part of the base plate to support the simulated epidermis. The pressure detection device is connected to the control device and is configured to detect the force applied to the foot model.
8. The foot model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressure detection device includes at least one pressure sensor.