Polarity terminal, upper cover assembly, single battery and high-capacity battery

Abstract

The utility model provides a polar terminal, an upper cover assembly, a single battery and a high-capacity battery, which are mainly used for realizing reliable insulation and heat exchange between a heat transfer tube and the polar terminal of the battery. The polarity terminal comprises a conductive cylinder and an insulation structure, and the conductive cylinder is provided with a through groove or a through hole. The insulating structure comprises a second insulating layer at least arranged on the inner wall of the through groove or the through hole; the second insulating layer comprises a supporting structure and a heat-conducting insulating material, and the supporting structure is provided with at least one filling space; and the heat-conducting insulating material is filled in the filling space. The filling space of the second insulating layer is filled with a heat-conducting insulating material, so that the heat conduction effect between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube can be improved. After the insulation structure formed by the supporting structure and the heat-conducting insulation material is installed, the supporting structure can support and protect the heat-conducting insulation material, so that the heat-conducting insulation material keeps reliable insulativity in the using process, and reliable insulation between the polarity terminal and the heat transfer tube is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of batteries, specifically relating to a polar terminal, a top cover assembly, a single cell, and a high-capacity battery. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the further development of lithium-ion batteries, their safe use has also attracted attention. Due to the principle and structural characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, a large amount of heat is generated during charging and discharging, and this heat gradually increases. If the generated heat cannot be effectively released, it will accumulate in the battery, causing uneven battery temperature, thereby reducing battery life. In severe cases, the battery's thermal balance is disrupted, leading to battery safety accidents.

[0003] Research has shown that the temperature at the battery's polarity terminals is the highest during charging and discharging. Managing the heat at these terminals can effectively dissipate heat and achieve efficient temperature control. Currently, one method to manage this heat is to add heat transfer pipes to the terminals. These pipes conduct the heat away from the terminals, thus achieving effective temperature control. Reliable insulation and heat exchange between the heat transfer pipes and the battery terminals are essential during this process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve reliable insulation and heat exchange between the heat transfer tube and the battery polarity terminal, this utility model provides a polarity terminal, a top cover assembly, a single battery cell, and a large-capacity battery.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] This utility model provides a polar terminal, which includes a conductive pillar and an insulating structure. The conductive pillar is provided with a through groove or through hole. The insulating structure includes a second insulating layer at least on the inner wall of the through groove or through hole. The second insulating layer includes a support structure and a thermally conductive insulating material. The support structure is made of insulating material and is provided with at least one filling space. The thermally conductive insulating material fills the at least one filling space.

[0007] Furthermore, the supporting structure is a sleeve structure, and the filling space is a hollow structure provided on the sleeve wall, with thermally conductive and insulating material filling the hollow structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the support structure is a plastic sleeve with multiple openings in the tube wall. The wall thickness of the plastic sleeve is 0.1mm to 1mm, the size of each opening is 2mm to 5mm, and the distance between each opening is 0.3mm to 2mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the support structure is a heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, which is formed on the inner wall of the through groove or through hole of the conductive column by heat shrinking. The material of the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve is FEP.

[0010] Furthermore, the thermally conductive insulating material is thermally conductive silicone grease.

[0011] Furthermore, the insulation structure also includes a first insulation layer disposed on the second insulation layer, wherein the first insulation layer is a flexible insulation layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the insulating structure also includes a third insulating layer attached to the inner wall of the through groove or through hole, with the second insulating layer laid on the third insulating layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the through groove is formed on the side wall of the conductive column, and the cross-section of the through groove is C-shaped.

[0014] This utility model also provides a top cover assembly, including a top cover plate and two aforementioned polarity terminals insulatedly disposed on the top cover plate.

[0015] This utility model also provides a single battery cell, which includes a battery casing and an electrode assembly and an electrolyte located inside the battery casing; the battery casing is mainly formed by an upper cover assembly, a cylindrical body and a lower cover assembly.

[0016] This utility model also provides a large-capacity battery, which includes multiple individual cells as described above. The multiple individual cells are arranged in sequence, and a heat transfer tube is installed in the through hole or through groove of the polarity terminal of each individual cell.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a housing; multiple individual cells are arranged in the same direction in the inner cavity of the housing; the housing has at least one shared chamber, the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavity of all individual cells; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell; the polarity terminals of each individual cell extend out of the clearance holes, and the area of ​​the top plate of the housing corresponding to the clearance holes is fixedly sealed with the individual cell housing, and the part of each individual cell polarity terminal extending out of the clearance holes has a through hole or through groove.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. This utility model provides a second insulating layer within the through-slot or through-hole of the polar terminal. This second insulating layer includes a support structure and a thermally conductive insulating material. The support structure is made of the insulating material and has a filling space. Compared to existing insulation methods that use a plastic insulating layer within the through-slot or through-hole, filling the filling space with thermally conductive insulating material improves the heat transfer between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube. Compared to insulation methods that use a rubber insulating layer within the through-slot or through-hole, the support structure in the second insulating layer supports, positions, and fixes the thermally conductive insulating material, increasing its resistance to deformation. Supported by the support structure, the thermally conductive insulating material will not shift or misalign, reliably adhering to the inner wall of the through-slot or through-hole, protecting the polar terminal and maintaining reliable insulation. This prevents the insulating layer from shifting or deforming during installation, avoiding direct contact between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube and causing insulation problems. Therefore, by adding a second insulating layer to the polar terminal, both good heat exchange performance and reliable insulation performance are ensured between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube.

[0020] 2. In the polar terminal of this utility model, the supporting structure is a sleeve structure, and the filling space is a hollow structure provided on the sleeve wall. This type of supporting structure is easy to manufacture and has better supporting strength and insulation performance. At the same time, this supporting structure can also protect the polar terminal. During the process of installing the heat transfer tube in the through groove or through hole of the polar terminal, if the thermally conductive insulating material is squeezed and torn, the supporting structure can prevent the polar terminal from directly contacting the heat transfer tube and causing insulation problems.

[0021] 3. In the polarity terminal of this utility model, the supporting structure is a plastic sleeve with multiple openings in its wall. The plastic sleeve has reliable insulation performance and facilitates the making of the corresponding openings. Simultaneously, the wall thickness of the plastic sleeve is 0.1mm to 1mm, which ensures reliable insulation and excellent thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the diameter of each opening on the plastic sleeve is 2mm to 5mm, and the distance between each opening is 0.3mm to 2mm. This setting of opening size and spacing ensures that the plastic sleeve has insulation and heat exchange performance, while also improving the supporting strength and deformation resistance of the plastic sleeve, and facilitating the filling of thermally conductive insulating material.

[0022] 4. In the polar terminal of this utility model, the supporting structure is a heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve. The heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve is fitted onto the polar terminal by heat shrinking, so that there is no heat conduction gap between the plastic sleeve and the polar terminal, and the heat conduction effect is better.

[0023] 5. In the polar terminal of this utility model, the insulation structure further includes a first insulating layer disposed on the second insulating layer. The first insulating layer is a flexible insulating layer, resulting in a multi-layered insulation structure on the polar terminal. These multi-layered insulation layers ensure reliable insulation between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube. Furthermore, the first insulating layer is flexible, possessing flexibility and elastic deformation capabilities, and also providing buffering, shock absorption, and compensation for assembly tolerances. Installing it between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube provides protection for both. In addition, during the installation or use of the flexible insulating layer, there is a risk of damage due to compression. In this case, the second insulating layer can further protect and support the flexible insulating layer, improving its reliability during installation and use.

[0024] 6. In the polar terminal of this utility model, the insulating structure also includes a third insulating layer attached to the inner wall of the through groove or through hole, so that the polar terminal has a multi-layer insulating structure. This multi-layer insulation setting allows the polar terminal to maintain reliable insulation performance with the heat transfer tube even if one of the insulating layers is damaged when the polar terminal exchanges heat with the heat transfer tube, thereby improving the safety of the single battery during use.

[0025] 7. In the polar terminal of this utility model, the through groove is formed on the side wall of the conductive column, so that the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube have a large contact area, further improving the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the cross-section of the through groove is C-shaped or U-shaped, so that the heat transfer tube can be reliably installed into the through groove.

[0026] 8. This utility model also provides a top cover assembly and a single battery cell. The through slots or through holes of the polar terminals of the single battery cell have an insulating structure, which makes it safer and more heat-transferring when it exchanges heat with the heat transfer tube.

[0027] 9. This utility model also provides a large-capacity battery, which includes multiple individual cells, with heat transfer tubes installed on the polarity terminals of each individual cell, thereby improving the reliability of the large-capacity battery during operation. Simultaneously, the insulation structure on the polarity terminals ensures reliable insulation performance and excellent heat exchange capacity during heat exchange between each individual cell and the heat transfer tube.

[0028] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 1 where the side wall of the polarity terminal has a through groove;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 1 where the end face of the polarity terminal has a through groove;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in Example 1 where the polarity terminal has a through hole;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing that the through slot of the polarity terminal in Example 1 has an insulating structure.

[0033] Figure 5 An exploded view of the through-slot containing an insulating structure in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing that the through slot of the polarity terminal in Example 2 has an insulating structure.

[0035] Figure 7 An exploded view of the through-slot containing an insulating structure in Example 2;

[0036] Figure 8 An exploded view of the through-slot containing an insulating structure in Example 3;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery in Example 6;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery (with terminal adapter) in Example 7;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the heat transfer tube installed in the large-capacity battery (with terminal adapter) in Example 7;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-capacity battery with the heat transfer tube installed in Example 7;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the high-capacity battery in Example 7, which has an insulating sealant layer and an insulating protective cover.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1-Single cell, 2-Shell, 3-Heat transfer tube, 4-Sealing connector, 5-Insulating sealant layer, 6-Insulating protective cover, 7-Electrical connector, 11-Upper cover assembly, 12-Cylinder, 13-Lower cover assembly, 14-Polar terminal, 15-Insulating structure, 141-Through groove, 142-Through hole, 151-First insulating layer, 152-Second insulating layer, 153-Third insulating layer, 154-Temperature conductive insulating material, 21-Electrolyte shared chamber, 22-Gas shared chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0044] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] The phrase "other embodiments" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that excludes other embodiments. In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0046] In this specification, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate component, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0048] During battery charging and discharging, a large amount of heat is generated. If the battery is not cooled in time, its performance will degrade. Currently, heat is typically managed at the polarity terminals of individual cells to control their temperature. This is usually achieved by installing heat transfer pipes at the polarity terminals. The terminals exchange heat with the heat transfer pipes to control the battery temperature. These heat transfer pipes can be heat pipes containing a phase change medium, which processes the heat generated at the polarity terminals by changing the state of the medium. Alternatively, they can be liquid-cooled pipes containing a heat exchange medium, which exchanges heat with the polarity terminals by heating or cooling the medium.

[0049] When the polar terminals of each individual battery cell come into contact with the heat transfer tube for heat exchange, it is necessary to consider not only the manufacturing process, maintenance operability, and assemblability, but also insulation performance and heat exchange performance. Currently, through slots or holes are made on the polar terminals of each individual battery cell, and a plastic or rubber layer is placed inside the slots or holes to achieve insulation between the polar terminals and the heat transfer tube. However, the plastic layer has poor thermal conductivity and low heat exchange efficiency, and the rubber layer is easily squeezed and scratched, which can easily cause insulation problems between the polar terminals and the heat transfer tube.

[0050] This invention provides a polar terminal comprising a conductive pillar with a slot or hole for mounting a heat transfer tube. An insulating structure is provided within the slot or hole to achieve insulation between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube. The insulating structure includes a second insulating layer comprising a support structure and a thermally conductive insulating material. The support structure is made of the insulating material and has at least one filling space filled with the thermally conductive insulating material. Compared to existing insulation methods that use a plastic layer within the slot or hole, filling the filling space with thermally conductive insulating material provides superior thermal conductivity compared to the support structure (i.e., the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulating material is greater than that of the support structure), thus improving the heat transfer effect between the polar terminal and the heat transfer tube. Meanwhile, compared to insulation methods that involve placing a rubber layer within the slot or through-hole, the support structure in the second insulation layer can support, position, and fix the thermally conductive insulating material, increasing its resistance to deformation. Supported by this structure, the thermally conductive insulating material will not shift or misalign, reliably adhering to the inner wall of the polarity terminal. This protects the polarity terminal and maintains reliable insulation, preventing the thermally conductive insulating material within the slot or through-hole from shifting or deforming during heat transfer tube installation, which could lead to direct contact between the polarity terminal and the heat transfer tube and cause insulation problems. Therefore, adding a second insulation layer to the polarity terminal provides both good heat exchange performance and reliable insulation between the polarity terminal and the heat transfer tube.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a polarity terminal, which can be the terminal post of a single battery cell 1. When the height of the terminal post of the single battery cell 1 does not meet the set requirements, a terminal post adapter can be connected to the terminal post of the single battery cell 1, and the overall structure of the terminal post of the single battery cell 1 and the terminal post adapter is used as the polarity terminal of the single battery cell 1. As can be seen from the figure, the polarity terminal 14 in this embodiment is the terminal post of the single battery cell 1, and this terminal post is taller than that of a conventional single battery cell 1 terminal post.

[0053] In this embodiment, the polarity terminal 14 includes a conductive pillar, the specific shape of which is designed according to the specific structure of the single cell 1. This conductive pillar is generally a columnar structure, and the cross-sectional shape is not limited; it can be square, rectangular, circular, etc. In this embodiment, a cylindrical conductive pillar is used as an example to illustrate its structure.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the polar terminal 14 is provided with a through groove 141 or through hole 142 for installing a heat transfer tube. The heat transfer tube is installed in the through hole 142 or through groove 141 to exchange heat with the polar terminal 14 so that the single cell 1 operates at a suitable temperature.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, when a through hole 142 is provided on the polarity terminal 14, the through direction of the through hole 142 is perpendicular to the height direction of the single cell 1. Specifically, it can be a round hole, an elliptical hole, etc. The size of the through hole 142 can be set according to the size of the heat transfer tube, specifically ensuring that it does not affect the conductivity of the polarity terminal 14. In this embodiment, a round hole is preferred.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when a through groove 141 is provided on the polarity terminal 14, the through direction of the through groove 141 is perpendicular to the height direction of the single cell 1, and the cross-section of the through groove 141 can be designed as U-shaped or C-shaped. The size of the through groove 141 can be set according to the size of the heat transfer tube, specifically on the premise of not affecting the conductivity of the polarity terminal 14.

[0057] Compared to the through hole 142, the through groove 141 is more convenient for on-site installation of heat transfer tubes, and the installation requirements for heat transfer tubes are relatively low. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the through groove 141 is C-shaped. The opening width of the C-shaped through groove 141 is smaller than the widest part of the through groove 141, which is conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube in the through groove 141, making the installation of the heat transfer tube convenient. At the same time, the C-shaped through groove 141 has natural tension at the opening, which can more tightly fit the heat transfer tube in the through groove 141, resulting in better heat conduction of the polarity terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the conductive column in this embodiment is a cylinder, which mainly consists of two end faces and a side wall. The aforementioned through-slot 141 is specifically disposed on the side wall or one of the end faces of the conductive column. By opening the through-slot 141 and through-hole 142 on the side wall of the conductive column, compared to opening the through-slot 141 on the end face, the heat transfer tube has a larger contact area with the inner wall of the through-slot 141 or through-hole 142, resulting in higher heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, when the through-slot 141 and through-hole 142 are located on the side wall, the first end face of the polarity terminal 14 serves as an electrical connection area for electrical connection with the electrode assembly inside the battery casing of the individual battery cell 1. The entire area of ​​the second end face can serve as an electrical connection area for connection with electrical connectors, realizing electrical connection between the individual battery cells 1.

[0059] In addition, two through slots 141 or through holes 142 can be provided on the side wall of the polarity terminal 14 to increase the number of heat transfer tubes and further improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, to ensure the reliability of heat exchange between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube, an insulating structure 15 is provided on the polar terminal 14. Specifically, the insulating structure 15 can be provided only within the through hole 142 or through groove 141 where the heat transfer tube is installed, or it can be provided throughout the entire non-electrically connected area of ​​the polar terminal 14. In this embodiment, the insulating structure is provided at least within the through groove 141 or through hole 142 of the conductive pillar.

[0061] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the insulating structure 15 in this embodiment includes a second insulating layer 152, which is disposed on the inner wall surface of the through groove 141 or through hole 142. The second insulating layer 152 includes a support structure and a thermally conductive insulating material 154. The support structure is made of insulating material and has at least one filling space. The thermally conductive insulating material 154 fills the at least one filling space. The second insulating layer 152 formed by the support structure and the thermally conductive insulating material 154 can achieve reliable insulation between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube, so that the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube have both good heat exchange performance and reliable insulation performance.

[0062] The aforementioned support structure can be implemented using various structures, as long as it meets at least the following requirements: the support structure can form a gap between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube to avoid direct contact between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube. Simultaneously, the support structure supports and positions the thermally conductive insulating material 154 to prevent the thermally conductive insulating material 154 from shifting or misaligning. Specifically, the support structure can be a sleeve structure with a perforated structure to fill the thermally conductive insulating material 154; or, the support structure can be a support mesh structure with the thermally conductive insulating material 154 filled in the mesh openings; or, the support structure can be a spiral structure (suitable for structures where the polar terminal 14 has through holes 142), with the thermally conductive insulating material 154 filled in the gaps of the spiral structure; or, the support structure can be a split component, with gaps or openings formed between adjacent split components to fill the thermally conductive insulating material 154. This support structure can be specifically implemented through the following structures;

[0063] First, the support structure includes multiple insulating support rings. This structure is suitable for structures where the polar terminal 14 has through holes 142. Each insulating support ring is sequentially embedded into the through hole 142 of the polar terminal 14. The filling space is an annular radial gap formed between adjacent insulating support rings, and the thermally conductive insulating material 154 is filled in the annular gap.

[0064] Third, the support structure is a spiral structure, which is suitable for structures where the polar terminal 14 has a through hole 142; the spiral structure is embedded in the through hole 142 of the polar terminal 14, and the filling space is the spiral gap on the spiral support frame, and the thermally conductive insulating material 154 is filled in the spiral gap;

[0065] Second, the support structure includes multiple insulating support strips, each insulating support strip extending axially along the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141, and the multiple insulating support strips are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141. The filling space is a strip-shaped gap formed between adjacent insulating support strips, and the thermally conductive insulating material 154 is filled in the strip-shaped gap.

[0066] Fourth, the supporting structure is a sleeve structure, and the filling space is a hollow structure on the sleeve wall. The hollow structure can be multiple openings formed on the sleeve wall, and the hollow structure is filled with thermally conductive and insulating material 154.

[0067] Compared to the first, second, and third types of support structures, the fourth type of support structure is easier to install and has more reliable support and insulation. The following description of the second insulation layer 152 will be based on the example of a sleeve structure.

[0068] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the support structure in this embodiment can be manufactured as a sleeve structure. This sleeve structure can be made into a circular sleeve, a U-shaped sleeve, or a C-shaped sleeve, depending on the shape of the through hole 142 or through groove 141. During installation, the support structure simply needs to be tightly fitted to the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polarity terminal 14 to achieve insulation and heat conduction.

[0069] Theoretically, the thinner the second insulating layer 152, the better its thermal conductivity. However, while ensuring its thermal conductivity, it is also necessary to ensure its insulation performance. After balancing thermal conductivity and insulation performance, the thickness of the second insulating layer 152 in this embodiment is preferably 0.1mm to 1mm, and most preferably about 0.1mm to 0.2mm. This thickness can ensure good thermal conductivity while ensuring excellent insulation performance.

[0070] The sleeve structure in this embodiment is made of insulating material. Specifically, the sleeve structure can be made of thin-walled plastic sleeve, preferably heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, such as PTFE heat-shrinkable sleeve. When using heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, the hole is made first, and then heat-shrinkable. That is, the hole is first made in the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, and then it is placed on the polar terminal 14 by heat shrinking. This ensures that there is no heat conduction gap between the plastic sleeve and the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14, resulting in better heat conduction. The material of the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve can be wear-resistant, high-temperature resistant, insulating materials such as FEP, PEK, PTFE, PVDF, and PVC. Preferably, the material of the heat-shrinkable sleeve is FEP. At the same time, the wall thickness of the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve is 0.1mm to 0.5mm, preferably 0.1mm to 0.2mm, and the shrinkage rate of the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve is 1.2 to 1.5, with a shrinkage rate of 1.3 being optimal.

[0071] In other methods, the sleeve structure can also be installed in the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polarity terminal 14 by means of thermal spraying or injection molding. When the sleeve structure is formed by thermal spraying, the thickness of the sleeve structure is about 0.1mm to 0.2mm, and when the sleeve structure is formed by injection molding, the thickness of the sleeve structure is about 0.5mm to 1mm. When the support structure is formed by means of thermal spraying or injection molding, the insulating material is first attached to the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polarity terminal 14 by thermal spraying or injection molding, and then holes are processed in the plastic layer formed by thermal spraying or injection molding to form the hollow part.

[0072] If the conductive column has a through groove 141, a support structure can be formed by heat shrinking, thermal spraying, injection molding, etc. If the conductive column has a through hole 142, a support structure is generally formed by thermal spraying, injection molding, etc.

[0073] In this embodiment, the sleeve structure is specifically a plastic sleeve with multiple openings in its wall. The openings on the plastic sleeve are specifically perforated holes or grooves, and their shape is not limited; they can be round, square, strip-shaped, triangular, or hexagonal, or even spiral-shaped. When processing multiple openings on the plastic sleeve, these openings can be arranged as a group along the axial direction of the plastic sleeve, and multiple groups of openings can be arranged along the circumference of the plastic sleeve. Specifically, adjacent groups of openings can be staggered to ensure both thermal conductivity and the strength of the plastic sleeve. Furthermore, the size of each opening is preferably 2mm to 5mm, ideally 2mm to 3mm, and the distance between each opening is 0.3mm to 2mm. This arrangement further improves the heat exchange effect while ensuring the insulation of the supporting structure.

[0074] The opening of the aforementioned sleeve structure is filled with thermally conductive insulating material 154. The filling thickness of the thermally conductive insulating material 154 is less than or equal to the depth of the opening on the sleeve structure. That is, after the thermally conductive insulating material 154 is filled into the opening of the support structure, it should preferably not protrude from the sleeve structure, so that when the polarity terminal 14 comes into contact with the heat transfer tube, no installation gap will be generated, thereby ensuring the heat transfer effect.

[0075] The aforementioned thermally conductive and insulating material 154 is a paste or adhesive material with excellent thermal conductivity and insulation properties. In this embodiment, the thermally conductive and insulating material 154 can specifically be thermally conductive silicone grease. Thermally conductive silicone grease has both excellent electrical insulation and excellent thermal conductivity, and can be used for a long time at temperatures ranging from -50℃ to +230℃, making it a better gap-filling thermally conductive medium. At the same time, the thermally conductive silicone grease also has certain adhesive properties, enabling it to bond the support structure to the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polarity terminal 14.

[0076] Since the aforementioned thermally conductive insulating material 154 is a paste or colloid or other easily deformable material, it may be subject to displacement or compression deformation when it is attached to the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14. In this embodiment, it is filled in the filling space of the support structure. The support structure supports, positions and fixes the thermally conductive insulating material 154, increasing the deformation resistance of the thermally conductive insulating material 154. Under the support of the support structure, the thermally conductive insulating material 154 will not shift or misalign, and can reliably adhere to the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141, protecting the polar terminal 14 and maintaining reliable insulation. This avoids the thermally conductive insulating material 154 shifting or deforming during installation and other processes, and prevents insulation problems caused by direct contact between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] This embodiment provides a polarized terminal, which is similar to the polarized terminal in Embodiment 1, except that, as shown in the example... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the insulation structure 15 in this embodiment also includes a first insulation layer 151, which is a flexible insulation layer. The first insulation layer 151 is disposed on the second insulation layer 152, so that the polar terminal 14 has two layers of insulation. When the polar terminal 14 exchanges heat with the heat transfer tube, it can maintain reliable insulation performance, thereby improving the safety of each individual battery 1 during use.

[0079] When the first insulating layer 151 is provided on the polarity terminal 14, it can be laid only in the through groove 141 or through hole 142 of the polarity terminal 14, or it can cover the entire non-conductive area of ​​the polarity terminal 14 with the first insulating layer 151. Preferably, the first insulating layer 151 is laid in the entire through groove 141 or through hole 142 of the polarity terminal 14. This arrangement facilitates the installation of the first insulating layer 151 and has a relatively low manufacturing cost.

[0080] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the first insulating layer 151 is a flexible insulating layer, disposed on the second insulating layer 152. That is, after the second insulating layer 152 is disposed in the through groove 141 or through hole 142 of the polar terminal 14, the first insulating layer 151 is laid on the outside of the second insulating layer 152 to form a multi-layer insulating structure 15 on the polar terminal 14. When installing this flexible insulating layer, it can also be made into a sleeve structure. The cross-sectional shape of the sleeve structure can be circular, U-shaped, or C-shaped. The shape is preferably similar to the cross-sectional shape of the through groove 141 or through hole 142 so that the flexible insulating layer can be tightly nested in the through groove 141 or through hole 142 of the conductive column to improve the thermal conductivity of the conductive column. Since this flexible insulating layer has flexibility and elastic deformation capability, it also has the functions of buffering, shock absorption, and compensating for assembly tolerances. Installing it between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube can protect the heat transfer tube and the polar terminal 14.

[0081] In this embodiment, the flexible insulating layer can be made of an insulating material with good thermal conductivity, so that it has both excellent thermal conductivity and good insulation properties. For example, it can be a thermally conductive rubber layer or a thermally conductive silicone pad. Preferably, the flexible insulating layer uses a thermally conductive silicone pad, which has both good insulation and thermal conductivity. Thermally conductive silicone pads are low in cost and have good softness, compressibility, and flexibility, and can be easily installed in the through slot 141 or through hole 142 of the polarity terminal 14.

[0082] Theoretically, the thinner the flexible insulating layer, the better its thermal conductivity. However, while ensuring its thermal conductivity, its insulation performance must also be guaranteed. The thicker the flexible insulating layer, the more reliable its insulation performance. After balancing thermal conductivity and insulation performance, the thickness of the flexible insulating layer in this embodiment is preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm, and most preferably 1 mm. This thickness can ensure good thermal conductivity while guaranteeing excellent insulation performance.

[0083] After the first insulating layer 151 and the second insulating layer 152 are provided on the polarity terminal 14, the first insulating layer 151, being a flexible insulating layer, possesses flexibility and elastic deformation capabilities, and also serves to buffer, dampen shocks, and compensate for assembly tolerances. Installing it on the polarity terminal 14 provides protection for both the polarity terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube. Furthermore, during installation or use, the flexible insulating layer may be scratched or compressed, resulting in damage. In such cases, the second insulating layer 152 can further protect and support the flexible insulating layer, improving its reliability during installation and use.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] This embodiment provides a polarized terminal, which is similar to the polarized terminal in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, except that, as Figure 8 As shown, the insulating structure 15 in this embodiment further includes a third insulating layer 153; the third insulating layer 153 is attached to the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polarity terminal 14, in which case the second insulating layer 152 is disposed on the third insulating layer 153. In other embodiments, the third insulating layer 153 may also be disposed in all non-electrically connected areas of the polarity terminal 14.

[0086] like Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the third insulating layer 153 is formed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14. At this time, the second insulating layer 152 is disposed on the third insulating layer 153, and the first insulating layer 151 is disposed on the second insulating layer 152. This arrangement makes the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube 3 have three insulating layers. When the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube 3 come into contact for heat exchange, even if one of the insulating layers is damaged, the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube 3 can still maintain reliable insulation.

[0087] In other embodiments, the insulating structure 15 may also include only a second insulating layer 152 and a third insulating layer 153. The third insulating layer 153 is formed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14, and the second insulating layer 152 is disposed in the through groove 141 or through hole 142 having the third insulating layer 153. This arrangement provides two insulating layers between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube 3. When the polar terminal 14 contacts the heat transfer tube 3 for heat exchange, even if one of the insulating layers is damaged, reliable insulation can still be maintained between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube 3.

[0088] In this embodiment, the third insulating layer 153 is formed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14. Specifically, it can be formed by at least one of spraying, coating, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition. The following are several ways to implement the third insulating layer 153:

[0089] First, a ceramic coating is formed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14 as a third insulating layer 153, namely a high-temperature electrical insulating coating, to form an insulating layer. The ceramic coating can be boron nitride or aluminum oxide or copper fluoride coating. However, the insulating layer formed in this way is easy to fall off and the processing cost is high.

[0090] Second, an insulating material is coated on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14 to form a third insulating layer 153. For example, the insulating material is sprayed or coated with insulating glue. The powdered insulating and thermally conductive material is evenly disposed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14 using a powder coating process, or the powdered insulating and thermally conductive material is evenly disposed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 using a printing process.

[0091] Third, an enamel insulating layer is formed on the inner wall of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polarity terminal 14 as a third insulating layer 153. The thickness of the enamel insulating layer is preferably 100um to 300um. This thickness of enamel insulating layer ensures insulation performance while also giving the polarity terminal 14 better thermal conductivity. At the same time, this enamel insulating layer is not easy to fall off and has better wear resistance.

[0092] Fourth, the inner wall surface of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 of the polar terminal 14 is oxidized to form a third insulating layer 153. The oxidation treatment utilizes the chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film to improve the insulation performance of the metal surface. For example, electrochemical oxidation methods, etc. Specifically, the polar terminal 14 is oxidized to form a hard oxide layer.

[0093] Among the various methods described above, the third insulating layer 153 being a hard oxide layer is a relatively preferred method. The insulating layer formed by this method is less prone to peeling off and has relatively good insulation performance. The thicker the hard oxide layer formed by oxidation treatment, the better the insulation performance; however, its thermal conductivity will decrease. In this embodiment, the thickness of the hard oxide layer is preferably 10µm to 50µm. This thickness of hard oxide layer ensures insulation performance while also giving the polar terminal 14 good thermal conductivity.

[0094] Example 4

[0095] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a top cover assembly 11, which includes a top cover plate and two polarized terminals 14 located on the top cover plate. The two polarized terminals 14 have opposite polarities and serve as the positive and negative terminals of the single cell 1, respectively. The polarized terminals can be the polarized terminals 14 in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, or Embodiment 3.

[0096] The aforementioned top cover plate is generally a rectangular flat plate structure. Two polar terminals 14 are insulated and mounted on the top cover plate, maintaining insulation between the polar terminals 14 and the top cover plate. This insulation can be achieved by pouring insulating adhesive or using insulating sleeves, etc. Furthermore, the top cover plate may also have a liquid injection port for injecting liquid into individual cells 1. The injection port is sealed after liquid injection. Simultaneously, the top cover plate may also have a gas vent located between the two polar terminals 14. This gas vent may be equipped with a sealing mechanism or a venting membrane. This gas vent can be opened when the individual cells 1 are assembled into a large-capacity battery to allow communication between the gas zones of each individual cell 1.

[0097] Example 5

[0098] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a single-cell battery 1, which includes a battery casing and electrode assemblies and electrolyte located within the battery casing. The battery casing is formed by a cylindrical body 12, a lower cover assembly 13, and an upper cover assembly 11. The upper cover assembly 11 is the same as that in Embodiment 4. Both the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical body 12 are open. The upper cover assembly 11 and the lower cover assembly 13 are sealed and fixed to the upper and lower open ends of the cylindrical body 12, thereby forming a sealed battery casing. The electrode assembly is installed in the battery casing and is electrically connected to the polarity terminal 14 in the upper cover assembly 11. Electrolyte is disposed within the inner cavity of the single-cell battery 1.

[0099] In this embodiment, the lower cover assembly 13 includes a lower cover plate, and an opening component can also be provided on the lower cover plate. This opening component, under the action of external force or electrolyte, can detach from the lower cover plate of the individual battery 1 and form a through hole 142 penetrating the internal cavity of the outer casing 2 in the lower cover plate. The opening component adopts an existing structure, such as the opening component disclosed in Chinese Patent CN221327991U, the sealing device disclosed in Chinese Patent CN117476997A, and the opening device disclosed in CN117477117A. Alternatively, a similar opening component can be provided on the upper cover plate, located between the two polarity terminals 14.

[0100] Example 6

[0101] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a large-capacity battery, which includes multiple individual cells 1 arranged in the same direction. Specifically, the individual cells 1 can be the same as those in Embodiment 5. The number and shape of the individual cells 1 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Each individual cell 1 has a heat transfer pipe 3 installed in a slot or hole within its polarity terminal 14, allowing the heat transfer pipe 3 to directly contact the polarity terminal 14 of each individual cell 1 for heat exchange. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery exceeds a set threshold, a lower-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the heat transfer pipe 3 to cool the battery. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery falls below the set threshold, a higher-temperature heat exchange medium is introduced into the heat transfer pipe 3 to heat the battery. By controlling the temperature of the heat exchange medium, the large-capacity battery can be ensured to always operate at its normal operating temperature.

[0102] The aforementioned heat transfer tube 3 is a pipe with heat exchange function. Its cross-sectional shape is not critical; it generally only needs to match the shape of the through hole 142 or through groove 141 on the polarity terminal 14. Specifically, the heat transfer tube 3 is made of a metal tube with good thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum tube or a copper tube. Preferably, the aforementioned heat transfer tube 3 uses an aluminum tube, which has good thermal conductivity and relatively low cost. To ensure good thermal conductivity, the thinner the aluminum tube wall, the better. However, if the aluminum tube wall is too thin, it will be relatively soft and easily bend and break during installation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the aluminum tube wall thickness is preferably 0.5mm to 1mm. This wall thickness of the heat transfer tube 3 ensures good thermal conductivity while maintaining reliable installation, avoiding the risk of bending and damage that occurs with thinner walls. In practical use, the diameter of the heat transfer tube 3 is generally around 10mm to 20mm.

[0103] When the heat transfer tube 3 exchanges heat with the polarity terminals 14 of each individual cell 1 in the large-capacity battery, the following structure can be used in its fabrication:

[0104] First, the heat transfer tube 3 includes two independent metal tubes, which are respectively fixed to the positive terminal and negative terminal of the large-capacity battery, and exchange heat with the positive terminal and negative terminal of each individual battery 1.

[0105] Second, such as Figure 9 As shown, the heat transfer tube 3 is a U-shaped heat transfer tube, which is made of a whole tube. The entire aluminum tube is bent into a U-shaped tube, and the two straight tubes of the U-shaped tube are respectively fixed on the positive terminal and negative terminal of each single cell 1 in the large-capacity battery.

[0106] Third, such as Figure 11 As shown, the heat transfer tube 3 is a U-shaped heat transfer tube, which is a spliced ​​pipeline, mainly including an L-shaped first tube section and a second tube section; the first tube section is fixed on the positive terminal of each individual cell 1; the second tube section is fixed on the negative terminal of each individual cell 1, and the relatively short tube sections of the first tube section and the second tube section are connected by a joint, which can be an insulated joint.

[0107] Fourth, such as Figure 12 As shown, the heat transfer tube 3 is a U-shaped heat transfer tube and is a spliced ​​pipeline, mainly including a first tube, a second tube and a connecting tube; the first tube is fixed on the positive terminal of each individual cell 1; the second tube is fixed on the negative terminal of each individual cell 1, and the two ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube on the same side, and the connecting tube is a flexible insulating tube.

[0108] Among the heat transfer tubes 3 with the above-mentioned structure, the fourth type of spliced ​​heat transfer tube 3 is relatively better. This type of spliced ​​pipe structure is easy to install and improves the ease of assembly of the heat transfer tube 3.

[0109] After the heat transfer tube 3 is fixed in the through groove 141 or through hole 142 of the polar terminal 14 of the large-capacity battery, the insulation structure 15 on the polar terminal 14 is squeezed between the heat transfer tube 3 and the polar terminal 14, so as to achieve close contact between the polar terminal 14 and the heat transfer tube 3, and achieve good insulation performance and heat exchange effect.

[0110] This embodiment may also include an electrolyte sharing chamber at the bottom of the large-capacity battery, connecting the electrolyte areas within the cavities of all individual battery cells 1 to achieve electrolyte sharing. This electrolyte sharing chamber can be a hollow component located at the bottom of the large-capacity battery, with a through-hole formed in the hollow component, allowing multiple individual battery cells 1 to share electrolyte. This embodiment may also include a gas sharing chamber at the top of the large-capacity battery, connecting the gas areas within the cavities of all individual battery cells 1 to achieve gas balance. The structures of the electrolyte sharing chamber and gas sharing chamber can be found in the first and second hollow components in Chinese Patent CN117477186A, and the electrolyte sharing channel in CN115275453A.

[0111] Example 7

[0112] like Figures 10 to 13 As shown, this embodiment provides another type of high-capacity battery. Unlike embodiment 3, the high-capacity battery in this embodiment also has a casing 2.

[0113] like Figure 10 As shown, in embodiment 6, a casing 2 is added to the large-capacity battery. Multiple individual batteries 1 are arranged in the same direction and placed inside the casing 2. The top plate of the casing 2 has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals 14 of each individual battery 1. Each individual battery 1's polarity terminal 14 extends out of the corresponding clearance hole as the polarity terminal 14 of the large-capacity battery (all polarity terminals on one side serve as the positive polarity terminals, and all polarity terminals on the other side serve as the negative polarity terminals). The area of ​​the top plate of the casing 2 corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed to the casing of the individual battery 1, sealing the gap between the polarity terminal 14 and the clearance hole. A sealing connector 4 is typically used to achieve this fixed seal between the top plate of the casing 2 and the casing of the individual battery 1. The sealing connector 4 is a hollow tube, sleeved on the outside of the polarity terminal 14 of the individual battery 1. The bottom of the sealing connector 4 is sealed to the area around the polarity terminal 14 on the top cover of the individual battery 1, and the top of the sealing connector 4 is sealed to the area of ​​the top plate of the casing 2 corresponding to the clearance hole. Welding can be used to achieve this sealing connection.

[0114] It should be noted that the polarity terminal 14 of the single cell 1 here can be the terminal post of the single cell 1, such as... Figure 12 As shown. To prevent the terminal of the single cell 1 from not being able to smoothly extend out of the clearance hole as the polarity terminal 14, a terminal adapter can be connected to the terminal of the single cell 1, and the overall structure of the terminal of the single cell 1 and the terminal adapter can be used as the polarity terminal 14 of the single cell 1, as shown. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown.

[0115] like Figure 10 As shown, the aforementioned casing 2 has a shared chamber, the inner cavity of which is connected to the inner cavities of all individual battery cells 1. By placing multiple individual battery cells 1 within a casing 2 that has a shared chamber, and utilizing this shared chamber's connection to the inner cavities of each individual battery cell 1 within the casing 2, the differences between the individual battery cells 1 are reduced, improving the consistency among them to some extent, thereby enhancing the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain degree. The shared chamber specifically includes the following types:

[0116] The shared chamber within the outer casing 2 can be an electrolyte sharing chamber 21. The inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing chamber 21 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​all individual battery cells 1. Through the electrolyte sharing chamber 21, each individual battery cell 1 is placed in a uniform electrolyte environment, ensuring the uniformity of the electrolyte within each individual battery cell 1 and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery. It should be noted that the electrolyte sharing chamber 21 is an electrolyte containing chamber. After it is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each individual battery cell 1, it is necessary to ensure that the electrolyte in the entire large-capacity battery does not come into contact with the external environment.

[0117] The shared chamber within the aforementioned outer casing 2 can be a gas-sharing chamber 22. The inner cavity of the gas-sharing chamber 22 is connected to the gas region of the inner cavity of all individual battery cells 1. Gas balance is achieved through the gas-sharing chamber 22, which also improves the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery. In this structure, the upper cover of the individual battery cell 1 has a gas port that communicates with the inner cavity of the individual battery cell 1. The inner cavity of the gas-sharing chamber 22 is connected to the gas region of the inner cavity of each individual battery cell 1 through this gas port. Based on the gas-sharing chamber 22, the gas regions of each individual battery cell 1 can be connected, achieving gas balance.

[0118] The aforementioned shared chamber can be a gas-liquid shared chamber. The inner cavity of the gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​all individual battery cells 1. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each individual battery cell 1 can be in a unified electrolyte and gas environment, improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the large-capacity battery. In a specific configuration, the side plate of the outer casing 2 has a protrusion extending along the arrangement direction of the individual battery cells 1, forming a gas-liquid shared chamber at the protrusion. This gas-liquid shared chamber is connected to the electrolyte area and gas area of ​​each individual battery cell 1.

[0119] The aforementioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 21 and a gas shared chamber 22. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 21 is connected to the electrolyte region of all individual battery cells 1, and the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber 22 is connected to the gas region of all individual battery cells 1. This high-capacity battery places multiple individual battery cells 1 inside a housing 2 with a shared chamber. By utilizing this shared chamber and the inner cavity of each individual battery cell 1 located within the housing 2, the electrolyte and gas of each individual battery cell 1 are shared, ensuring the consistency of each individual battery cell 1. That is, by connecting the electrolyte and gas of each individual battery cell 1, the electrolyte and gas of all individual battery cells 1 are in the same system, reducing the differences between individual battery cells 1 and improving the consistency between individual battery cells 1 to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the high-capacity battery to a certain extent.

[0120] The aforementioned shared chamber may also include an electrolyte shared chamber 21 and a gas shared chamber 22. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber 21 is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​all individual battery cells 1. The gas shared chamber 22 is a gas channel located between the top plate of the outer casing 2 and each individual battery cell 1. This gas channel covers the explosion-proof membrane on the top of each individual battery cell 1. When the explosion-proof membrane of any individual battery cell 1 is ruptured by the thermal runaway flue gas in the inner cavity, the gas area of ​​that individual battery cell 1 is connected to the inner cavity of the gas shared chamber. The gas shared chamber 22 is used as an explosion-proof channel. That is, during the normal operation of the large-capacity battery, the inner cavity of each individual battery cell 1 is not connected to the explosion-proof channel. When any individual battery cell 1 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion-proof membrane on the top of that individual battery cell 1 is opened by the flue gas in the inner cavity, and the inner cavity of that individual battery cell 1 is connected to the explosion-proof channel. The thermal runaway flue gas is discharged through the explosion-proof channel, improving the safety of the large-capacity battery.

[0121] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, after the polar terminal 14 of each individual battery 1 extends out of the clearance hole, the heat transfer pipe 3 is fixed in the through groove 141 or through hole 142, so that the heat transfer pipe 3 is directly connected to the polar terminal 14 of each individual battery 1. When the temperature of the large-capacity battery is higher than the set threshold, the large-capacity battery is cooled by introducing a heat exchange medium with a lower temperature into the heat transfer pipe 3; when the temperature of the large-capacity battery is lower than the set threshold, the large-capacity battery is heated by introducing a heat exchange medium with a higher temperature into the heat transfer pipe 3. By controlling the temperature of the heat exchange medium, it can be ensured that the large-capacity battery always operates at the normal operating temperature.

[0122] During long-term use, the large-capacity battery will condense on its surface due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the heat transfer tube 3. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it will seep into the gap between the polar terminal 14 of the single cell 1 and the clearance hole, causing the polar terminal 14 of the single cell 1 to be electrically connected to the outer casing 2, which may lead to a short circuit of the same single cell 1.

[0123] like Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, an insulating sealant layer 5 is laid on the top plate of the outer casing 2. The end face of the polarity terminal 14 of each individual battery 1 extends out of the insulating sealant layer 5 and is connected to the electrical connector 7. The liquid inlet and outlet ends of the heat transfer tube 3 extend out of the insulating sealant layer 5. When condensation occurs on the surface of the heat transfer tube 3 on the polarity terminal 14, the condensation cannot penetrate into the gap between the polarity terminal 14 and the clearance hole due to the obstruction of the insulating sealant layer 5, thereby preventing the battery from short-circuiting. The electrical connector 7 is a connection device for connecting two large-capacity batteries in series, or it can be a connection device for connecting the large-capacity battery to an external load.

[0124] like Figure 13As shown, based on the above structure, this embodiment also provides an insulating protective cover 6 on the top of the large-capacity battery, thereby providing insulation protection for the polarity terminal 14. This avoids potential safety hazards caused by the exposure of the polarity terminal 14 during the operation of the large-capacity battery, and also prevents foreign objects from falling into the polarity terminal 14 and causing a short circuit, thus improving the safety of the large-capacity battery. It should be noted that if the insulating protective cover 6 completely covers the polarity terminal 14, it would make electrical connection of this type of large-capacity battery more difficult. Therefore, this embodiment opens a slit on the side wall of the insulating protective cover 6, through which the electrical connector 7 can be connected to the polarity terminal 14 of the individual battery 1, thereby achieving electrical connection. It should also be noted that channels for the liquid inlet and outlet ends of the heat transfer tube 3 to extend are also opened on the side wall of the insulating protective cover 6.

Claims

1. A polar terminal, characterized in that, It includes a conductive column and an insulating structure, wherein the conductive column is provided with a through groove or through hole; the insulating structure includes a second insulating layer provided on at least the inner wall of the through groove or through hole; The second insulating layer includes a support structure and a thermally conductive insulating material. The support structure is made of the insulating material and has at least one filling space. The thermally conductive insulating material fills the at least one filling space.

2. The polar terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting structure is a sleeve structure, and the filling space is a hollow structure provided on the sleeve wall, which is filled with thermally conductive and insulating material.

3. The polar terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that, The supporting structure is a plastic sleeve with multiple openings in the tube wall. The wall thickness of the plastic sleeve is 0.1mm to 1mm, the size of each opening is 2mm to 5mm, and the distance between each opening is 0.3mm to 2mm. The supporting structure is a heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, which is formed on the inner wall of the through groove or through hole of the conductive column by heat shrinking. The material of the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve is FEP.

4. The polar terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermally conductive insulating material is thermally conductive silicone grease.

5. The polar terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation structure further includes a first insulation layer disposed on the second insulation layer, wherein the first insulation layer is a flexible insulation layer.

6. The polar terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The insulating structure also includes a third insulating layer attached to the inner wall of the through groove or through hole, with the second insulating layer laid on the third insulating layer.

7. A cover assembly, comprising a cover plate and two polarized terminals insulatedly disposed on the cover plate, characterized in that, The polarity terminal is the polarity terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, It includes a battery casing and an electrode assembly and electrolyte located within the battery casing; the battery casing is mainly composed of an upper cover assembly, a cylindrical body and a lower cover assembly; the upper cover assembly is the upper cover assembly described in claim 7.

9. A high-capacity battery, characterized in that, It includes multiple single-cell batteries as described in claim 8, with multiple single-cell batteries arranged in sequence, and a heat transfer tube installed in the through hole or through groove of the polarity terminal of each single-cell battery.

10. The high-capacity battery according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a housing; multiple individual cells are arranged in the same direction in the inner cavity of the housing; the housing has at least one shared chamber, the inner cavity of the shared chamber is connected to the inner cavity of all individual cells; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell; the polarity terminals of each individual cell extend out of the clearance holes, and the area of ​​the top plate of the housing corresponding to the clearance holes is fixedly sealed with the individual cell housing; the part of each individual cell polarity terminal extending out of the clearance holes has a through hole or through groove.

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