Polyurethane foam pad shock absorber for railway vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of vibration reduction of railway vehicles, in particular to a polyurethane foam pad vibration reducer for railway vehicles, which comprises a plurality of bases which are arranged between vehicle floor interlayers and connected end to end, each base is of a hollow cuboid structure, and the surface of each base is subjected to anodic oxidation treatment. The multi-layer composite vibration reduction unit is composed of a polyurethane foam layer and a high-damping rubber layer nested in the polyurethane foam layer, the molecular structure of the polyurethane foam layer is in a porous cell form, and the internal porous cell form is in internal and external surrounding type gradient distribution, that is, the outer-layer aperture of the polyurethane foam layer is smaller than the inner-layer aperture of the polyurethane foam layer. The polyurethane foam layer and the high-damping rubber layer are compounded, the polyurethane foam layer adopts aperture gradient distribution, the outer-layer small-aperture foam quickly responds to high-frequency vibration, and the inner-layer large-aperture foam absorbs low-frequency energy and covers full-band vibration suppression, so that vibration transmission is attenuated, noise in a vehicle is reduced, and the service life of the vehicle is prolonged. And the comfort of passengers is obviously improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of rail vehicle damping, concretely is polyurethane foam pad damper for rail vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The damping system is an indispensable component of the rail vehicle, which can effectively improve the stability and comfort of train operation. Especially in high-speed trains, urban rail transit and structures requiring high sound insulation effect. It can effectively improve the sound insulation performance of the double-layer structure. On the rail vehicle, the floor is a sandwich structure, and by changing the stiffness, hardness, damping and other parameters of the connection between the double-layer floor, the sound insulation performance of the floor structure can be effectively improved, thereby suppressing the vibration and noise in the vehicle.

[0003] The application number CN202010053099.7 discloses a rail vehicle damper, comprising a base assembly, an oil storage cylinder is fixedly sealed at the inner end; an oil cylinder is arranged in the oil storage cylinder, and one end of the oil cylinder is fixedly and sealingly connected with the inner end of the base assembly; an end cover assembly is fixedly and sealingly connected with the other end of the oil cylinder and the oil storage cylinder; a piston assembly is arranged in the oil cylinder; a piston rod assembly penetrates the end cover assembly; the outer end of the piston rod assembly and the outer end of the base assembly are both provided with a rubber joint fixedly connected therewith; the upper parts of the base assembly and the end cover assembly are both provided with a damping valve capable of adjusting the damping force from the outside. By arranging the damping valve capable of adjusting the damping force from the outside on the upper parts of the base assembly and the end cover assembly, the adjustment is very convenient, and the entire damper does not need to be disassembled, thereby the adjustment efficiency of the valve system damping force can be greatly improved.

[0004] The conventional rubber damping member is prone to aging and poor in stiffness stability under high and low temperature environments, resulting in a decline in sound insulation performance and high maintenance cost; a single material damper is difficult to cover wide frequency vibration and cannot adapt to dynamic load changes under complex working conditions of the rail vehicle. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a polyurethane foam pad damper for rail vehicle, which improves the wide frequency band damping performance through material compounding and structure optimization, introduces an intelligent adjustment module to realize dynamic stiffness adaptation, is suitable for vibration suppression and noise control of the double-layer floor structure of the rail vehicle, and especially meets the needs of high-frequency vibration energy absorption and dynamic stiffness adjustment, so as to solve the problems in the above background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a polyurethane foam pad damper for rail vehicle, which comprises a plurality of bases connected in head-to-tail manner arranged between the sandwich layers of the vehicle floor, the base is in a hollow rectangular structure and its surface is treated by anodic oxidation, a plurality of compression-resistant plates are symmetrically arranged inside the base, and a plurality of compression-resistant cavities are arranged between the compression-resistant plates and the inner wall of the base.

[0007] The multilayer composite damping unit is composed of a polyurethane foam layer and a high-damping rubber layer nested in the polyurethane foam layer, wherein the molecular structure of the polyurethane foam layer is in a cellular form, and the internal cellular form is in a gradient distribution in an inside-outside surrounding mode, that is, the pore size of the outer layer of the polyurethane foam layer is smaller than that of the inner layer.

[0008] The intelligent adjustment module is embedded in the bottom surface of the polyurethane foam layer and comprises a pressure sensor and a rigidity adjustment component, the rigidity adjustment component changes the filling gas pressure in a plurality of compression-resistant cavities by receiving the pressure change information of the pressure sensor, and then adjusts the rigidity of the base in real time.

[0009] Preferably, nano-silicon dioxide particles are added to the polyurethane foam layer, the mass ratio is 1%-3%, the internal pore size is 0.1-10um, and the ratio of the dynamic elastic modulus to the static elastic modulus of the polyurethane foam layer is 1.5-2.0.

[0010] Preferably, the high-damping rubber layer is a butyl nitrile rubber and graphene composite, the thickness is 2-5mm, and the loss factor is greater than or equal to 0.25.

[0011] Preferably, the rigidity adjustment component comprises a gas pump, a plurality of pipelines penetrating into the base, and an electromagnetic valve installed at the end of each pipeline.

[0012] Preferably, a connecting sleeve is arranged between the ends of the two adjacent bases, a plurality of sealing sleeves are arranged in the connecting sleeve, and the two ends of the plurality of sealing sleeves are correspondingly and adaptively connected to the plurality of compression-resistant cavities at the ends of the two adjacent bases.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting sleeve and the plurality of sealing sleeves are made of a high-damping rubber in an integral molding structure.

[0014] Preferably, a limiting rib is protruded at the top surface of the base on both sides, and the polyurethane foam layer is connected with the pair of limiting ribs.

[0015] Preferably, the base and the plurality of compression-resistant plates are made of 6061-T6 aluminum in an integral molding structure.

[0016] Preferably, the contact surface between the multilayer composite damping unit and the base is bonded by using an epoxy resin adhesive, the mixed density of the adhesive is 1.35±0.05g / cm 3 , and the tensile strength after curing is greater than or equal to 4MPa.

[0017] Preferably, the contact surface between the base and the vehicle floor is bonded by using a two-component acrylic adhesive.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The polyurethane foam pad shock absorber for rail vehicles, by setting the polyurethane foam layer and high damping rubber layer composite, and the polyurethane foam layer adopts the pore size gradient distribution, the small pore size foam of the outer layer responds to high frequency vibration, the large pore size foam of the inner layer absorbs low frequency energy, covers the full frequency band vibration suppression, thereby the vibration transmission attenuation, the interior noise reduction, and the passenger comfort is significantly improved.

[0020] 2. The polyurethane foam pad shock absorber for rail vehicles, by setting the intelligent adjustment module, the gas pressure in the compression resistance cavity is adjusted through the air pump and the electromagnetic valve, the overall stiffness of the shock absorber can be continuously adjustable in the range of 500-1000 N / mm, and is suitable for different working conditions of rail vehicle starting, braking and turning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes and scale sizes of the components in the drawings are only illustrative, used to help understand the present application, and are not specific limitations on the shapes and scale sizes of the components of the present application. Those skilled in the art can select various possible shapes and scale sizes according to specific circumstances to implement the present application under the guidance of the present application.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a partial assembly structure diagram of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a base assembly and split diagram of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall sound insulation effect of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall vibration attenuation trend of the present application;

[0026] The meanings of the various labels in the figure are:

[0027] 100, base; 110, compression plate; 120, connecting sleeve; 121, sealing sleeve; 130, limiting rib;

[0028] 200, multilayer composite shock absorbing unit;

[0029] 300, pressure sensor; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The details of the present application can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the description of the drawings and the specific embodiments of the present application. However, the specific embodiments of the present application described herein are only used for the purpose of explaining the present application, and cannot be understood in any way as a limitation on the present application. Under the guidance of the present application, any possible deformation of the skilled person based on the present application should be considered as falling within the scope of the present application. The terms "mounting", "connection" should be understood broadly, which means direct connection or indirect connection through intermediate media.

[0031] The terms "central axis", "vertical", "horizontal", "front", "rear", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" used herein indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, in the description of the present application, "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] Please refer to Figures 1-4 As shown in the drawings, the present application provides a polyurethane foam pad shock absorber for a rail vehicle, which comprises a plurality of base seats 100 connected at the head and tail and arranged between the vehicle floor sandwich layers, the base seat 100 is in a hollow cuboid structure and its surface is treated by anodic oxidation to improve corrosion resistance; a plurality of compression-resistant plates 110 are symmetrically arranged inside the base seat 100, and the base seat 100 and the plurality of compression-resistant plates 110 are made of 6061-T6 aluminum material to form an integral molding structure; a plurality of compression-resistant cavities are arranged between the plurality of compression-resistant plates 110 and the inner wall of the base seat 100 to reduce the weight and ensure the rigidity;

[0033] The multi-layer composite damping unit 200 is composed of a polyurethane foam layer and a high-damping rubber layer nested inside the polyurethane foam layer, wherein the molecular structure of the polyurethane foam layer is in a cellular form, and the internal cellular form is in a gradient distribution in an inside-outside surrounding mode, that is, the outer layer pore size of the polyurethane foam layer is smaller than the inner layer pore size; the outer layer pore size is 0.1-1 μm, and the inner layer pore size is 5-10 μm, which enhances the broadband vibration absorption ability; the polyurethane foam layer is prepared by gradient foaming technology, the foaming temperature is controlled to decrease from the center to the edge, and the pore size gradient distribution is formed;

[0034] The intelligent adjustment module is embedded in the bottom surface of the polyurethane foam layer 21 and comprises a pressure sensor 300 and a rigidity adjustment assembly, the rigidity adjustment assembly changes the filling gas pressure in the plurality of compression-resistant cavities by receiving the pressure change information of the pressure sensor 300, and then adjusts the rigidity of the base seat 100 in real time.

[0035] Further, the polyurethane foam layer is added with nano-silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio is 1%-3%, the internal pore size is 0.1-10um, and the ratio of the dynamic elastic modulus to the static elastic modulus of the polyurethane foam layer is 1.5-2.0; the dynamic modulus is significantly higher than the static modulus, indicating that the material has higher stiffness response under vibration load such as high-frequency impact or periodic stress. This characteristic enables the polyurethane foam to quickly adapt to changes in vibration frequency, effectively absorbing vibration energy in the 50-200Hz frequency band and reducing vibration transmission to the vehicle interior; in addition, the higher dynamic modulus ratio indicates that the material significantly improves energy dissipation efficiency through compression-rebound cycles of the cell structure during dynamic deformation, combined with air damping and material internal friction, thereby reducing vibration transmission rate; that is, through the differential response of the mechanical properties of the material, the core technical effects of wideband vibration reduction, durability improvement, and dynamic-static load adaptation are achieved.

[0036] Further, the high-damping rubber layer is a nitrile rubber and graphene composite, with a thickness of 2-5mm and a loss factor ≥0.25, suitable for extreme temperatures of-40℃ to 80℃.

[0037] Specifically, the stiffness adjusting assembly includes a gas pump, a plurality of pipelines connected to the plurality of bases 100, and an electromagnetic valve installed at the end of each pipeline. The pipeline penetrates into a plurality of compression-resistant cavities. By adjusting the gas pressure in the plurality of compression-resistant cavities, the stiffness of the base 100 can be continuously adjusted within the range of 500-1000N / mm, adapting to different operating conditions of the railway vehicle.

[0038] Further, a connecting sleeve 120 is arranged between the ends of two adjacent bases 100. The connecting sleeve 120 has a plurality of sealing sleeves 121 inside, and the two ends of the plurality of sealing sleeves 121 are correspondingly adapted to the plurality of compression-resistant cavities at the ends of the two adjacent bases 100, so that the bases 100 are connected in communication. The connecting sleeve 120 and the plurality of sealing sleeves 121 are made of high-damping rubber in an integral molding structure.

[0039] Further, a limiting rib 130 is protruded at the top surface of the base 100 on both sides of the edge. The polyurethane foam layer is clamped with a pair of limiting ribs 130, so that the polyurethane foam layer can be positioned and aligned during bonding.

[0040] Further, the contact surface between the multi-layer composite damping unit 200 and the base 100 is bonded with epoxy resin adhesive. The base 100 is pretreated by "cleaning-polishing-cleaning" before bonding. The ratio of the main agent to the curing agent of the adhesive is 2:1, the adhesive amount is 0.35-0.5kg / m 2 , and the mixed density of the adhesive is 1.35±0.05g / cm 3 . The tensile strength after curing is ≥4MPa.

[0041] The rail vehicle polyurethane foam pad shock absorber of the utility model is fixed in the array of heads and tails between the double-layer floor of the rail vehicle during work; the contact surface of the base 100 and the vehicle floor is adhered by using two-component acrylic glue; and the end portions of the adjacent two bases 100 are butted by the connecting sleeve 120; then the pipes are installed on one side of the bases 100, and the air pump is connected; when the vehicle floor is excited by the ground, the vibration energy is transmitted from the outer floor to the inner floor, and then the vibration energy transmitted to the inner floor is effectively reduced by the base 100 and the multi-layer composite damping unit 200; when the polyurethane foam layer is subjected to external force, the hole cell structure will be deformed, a large amount of energy is consumed by means of air damping and mechanical damping, and then the vibration energy is absorbed and dispersed; the vibration frequency is collected in real time by the pressure sensor 300, the pipes on one side of the corresponding base 100 are dynamically triggered to be inflated according to the preset algorithm, the gas pressure in the several compression-resistant cavities is changed, and then the rigidity of the base 100 is adjusted in real time, so that the vibration transmission is attenuated.

[0042] Application examples

[0043] When the structure is subjected to forced vibration, Ze represents the impedance of the outer floor, Zi represents the impedance of the elastic support, Za represents the impedance of the inner floor, Ve represents the vibration speed of the outer floor, and Va represents the vibration speed of the inner floor.

[0044]

[0045] The vibration transmission attenuation rate is represented as:

[0046]

[0047] When the impedance Zi of the elastic support is much smaller than the impedance of the inner floor, the vibration transmission can be effectively attenuated, so that a good damping effect is obtained by designing the polyurethane foam pad damping.

[0048] The length of the base 100 is 160mm, the width is 50mm, and the height is 51mm;

[0049] The upper and lower surfaces of the base 100 adopt a thickness of 2.5mm, the compression plate 110 has a thickness of 1.5mm, and the height of the base 100 is 41mm;

[0050] The polyurethane foam layer adopts SR110 type, and has a length of 160mm, a width of 46mm, and a height of 12.5mm; the mechanical loss factor is 0.14, the adaptive temperature range is -30℃-70℃, the static elastic modulus is 0.83N / mm 2 , the dynamic elastic modulus is 1.52N / mm 2 , and the sound insulation effect of the polyurethane foam is as shown in Figure 3 .

[0051] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and to implement it, and it cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A polyurethane foam cushion damper for a railway vehicle, characterized by: The application relates to a plurality of head-to-tail connected bases (100) arranged between the floor sandwich of a vehicle, which are in a hollow cuboid structure and the surfaces of which are subjected to an anodization treatment, and a plurality of compression-resistant plates (110) are symmetrically arranged inside the bases (100), and a plurality of compression-resistant cavities are arranged between the compression-resistant plates (110) and the inner walls of the bases (100). The multilayer composite damping unit (200) is composed of a polyurethane foam layer and a high-damping rubber layer nested in the polyurethane foam layer, wherein the molecular structure of the polyurethane foam layer is in a cellular form, and the internal cellular form is in a gradient distribution in an inside-out surrounding mode, that is, the pore diameter of the outer layer of the polyurethane foam layer is smaller than that of the inner layer. The intelligent adjustment module is embedded in the bottom surface of the polyurethane foam layer (21) and comprises a pressure sensor (300) and a rigidity adjustment assembly, the rigidity adjustment assembly changes the filling gas pressure in the plurality of compression-resistant cavities by receiving the pressure change information of the pressure sensor (300), and then the rigidity of the base (100) is adjusted in real time.

2. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polyurethane foam layer is added with nano-silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio is 1%-3%, the internal pore diameter is 0.1-10um, and the ratio of the dynamic elastic modulus to the static elastic modulus of the polyurethane foam layer is 1.5-2.

0.

3. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The high-damping rubber layer is a butyl nitrile rubber and graphene composite, the thickness is 2-5mm, The loss factor is greater than or equal to 0.

25.

4. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rigidity adjustment assembly comprises a gas pump, a plurality of pipelines penetrating into the plurality of bases (100) and an electromagnetic valve installed at the end of each pipeline.

5. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting sleeve (120) is arranged between the end portions of two adjacent bases (100), the connecting sleeve (120) is internally provided with a plurality of sealing sleeves (121), and the two ends of the plurality of sealing sleeves (121) are correspondingly and adaptively sleeved with the plurality of compression-resistant cavities of the end portions of the two adjacent bases (100).

6. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting sleeve (120) and the plurality of sealing sleeves (121) are integrally formed of high-damping rubber.

7. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: Limiting ribs (130) are protrusively arranged at the two side edges of the top surface of the base (100), and the polyurethane foam layer is clamped and matched with a pair of limiting ribs (130).

8. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base (100) and the plurality of compression-resistant plates (110) are integrally formed of 6061-T6 aluminum material.

9. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The contact surface of the multilayer composite damping unit (200) and the base (100) is bonded with epoxy adhesive, the mixed density of the adhesive is 1.35±0.05 g / cm 3 , and the tensile strength after curing is ≥4 MPa.

10. The polyurethane foam cushion damper for rail vehicles according to claim 9, characterized in that: The contact surface of the base (100) and the vehicle floor is adhered by using two-component acrylic glue.

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