Equipment for enhancing desalting and dewatering effects of crude oil
By setting up a flow-guiding enclosure and a layered electric field structure in the electrostatic desalination tank, the problem of oil-water mixture flowing out without passing through the electric field zone due to increased electric field strength was solved, achieving efficient desalination and dehydration and improving the processing capacity of the electrostatic desalination tank.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423170559.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-23
AI Technical Summary
In existing electric desalting tanks, as the electric field strength increases, the distance between the electrode plate and the inner wall of the tank increases, resulting in about 15% of the oil-water mixture flowing out directly without passing through the electric field zone. This leads to an increase in the salt and water content of the crude oil after desalting, and a deterioration in the desalting and dehydration effect.
A flow-guiding enclosure, including radial and axial baffles, is installed in the electrostatic desalting tank to ensure that the oil-water mixture enters the electric field zone for demulsification and phase separation. A horizontal tank and a layered electric field structure are adopted to maximize demulsification and coalescence by utilizing the electric field force.
It increases the proportion of oil-water mixture passing through the electric field region from 85% to over 98%, significantly improving the desalination and dehydration effect. At the same time, it has a simple structure, low modification cost, and is safe and reliable.
Smart Images
Figure CN223892693U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of crude oil desalting equipment, and in particular to a device for enhancing the desalting and dehydration effect of crude oil. Background Technology
[0002] As is generally known, the essence of crude oil electrostatic desalting is dehydration. Generally, a certain proportion of wash water is thoroughly mixed with crude oil before desalting. The principle of "like dissolves like" is used to extract water-soluble inorganic salts and hydrophilic solid impurities such as mud and sand contained in crude oil into the wash water. Then, the oil-water mixture is introduced into the electrostatic desalting tank. Under the combined action of factors such as demulsifier, temperature, electric field force and gravity, the oil-water emulsion is rapidly demulsified and separated into phases. The aqueous phase, due to its higher density, is discharged from the bottom of the electrostatic desalting tank, while the crude oil after desalting, due to its lower density, is discharged from the top of the desalting tank.
[0003] To prevent the desalting transformer from tripping due to discharge between the electrode plates and the inner wall of the tank, existing electrostatic desalting tanks increase the distance between the electrode plates and the inner wall of the tank as the electric field strength increases. This results in approximately 15% of the oil-water mixture not undergoing forced demulsification and dehydration in the electric field zone, but instead flowing directly out of the desalting tank from the gap between the electric field zone and the inner wall of the tank, as well as the space between the electric field zone and the end caps at both ends of the tank. This leads to an increase in the salt and water content of the crude oil after desalination, and a decrease in the desalination and dehydration effect. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings in the background technology and solve the existing technical problems, this utility model discloses a device to enhance the desalting and dehydration effect of crude oil, which can evenly guide more oil and water to the electric field area and improve the desalting and dehydration effect.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] An apparatus for enhancing the desalting and dehydration effect of crude oil includes an electric desalting tank. An electric field zone is provided in the center of the tank. An oil outlet pipe, a feed main pipe, and a drain pipe are respectively provided on the tank walls above and below the electric field zone. A flow guide barrier is provided around the electric field zone to guide the oil and water materials entering from the feed main pipe through the electric field zone.
[0007] Furthermore, the flow guide barrier is configured as a stepped protruding ring fixed to the inner wall of the electro-desalination tank.
[0008] Furthermore, the electro-desalination tank is configured as a horizontal tank, and the electric field region is a cuboid electric field formed by flat plate electrodes, with the electric field region divided into a strong electric field layer and a weak electric field layer.
[0009] Furthermore, the flow-guiding enclosure includes two radial baffles and two axial baffles corresponding to the electric field area. The two ends of the radial baffles extend along the plate surface and are sealed and fixed to the corresponding inner wall of the electric desalination tank. The upper side of the radial baffles extends outward and is sealed and fixed to the corresponding end cap of the electric desalination tank. The two ends of the axial baffles respectively abut against the two radial baffles. The upper side of the axial baffles extends outward and is sealed and fixed to the corresponding tank wall of the electric desalination tank.
[0010] Furthermore, the axial baffle is fixed with a plurality of distribution tubes arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the desalination tank on the plate surface corresponding to the weak electric field layer. One end of the distribution tube is open and passes through the corresponding axial baffle, and the other end of the distribution tube is closed and extends close to the center of the electric field region. The tube wall of the distribution tube is provided with a plurality of dispersion holes at intervals along the tube body axial direction.
[0011] Furthermore, the radial baffle, axial baffle, and distribution pipe are all made of high-temperature resistant electrical insulating material.
[0012] Furthermore, the radial baffle and the axial baffle each have a gap of less than or equal to 50 mm between their surfaces and the electric field region.
[0013] Furthermore, the radial baffle and the axial baffle, both away from the electric field region, are provided with support rods between their surfaces and the wall of the electro-desalination tank.
[0014] Furthermore, a feed distributor is provided below the electric field area. The feed distributor includes multiple distribution heads arranged side by side at intervals corresponding to the electric field area, and the distance between the distribution head and the electric field area is greater than or equal to 350mm. The distribution head is connected to the main feed pipe through a feed branch pipe.
[0015] Furthermore, the inner end of the oil outlet pipe is connected to an oil collecting pipe parallel to the electric field region, the lower part of the oil collecting pipe is provided with an oil collecting port, and the lower part of the desalination tank is provided with a manhole.
[0016] By adopting the technical solution described above, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0017] The device disclosed in this utility model for enhancing the desalting and dehydration effect of crude oil, by setting a flow-guiding enclosure in the electric desalting tank, can increase the oil-water mixture entering the electric field zone from less than 85% in the prior art to more than 98%, maximizing the use of the strongest demulsification and coalescence effect of the electric field force in the electric desalting tank, and significantly improving the desalting and dehydration capacity of the electric desalting tank; more importantly, this utility model has a simple structure, which is conducive to the technical transformation of existing electric desalting devices, with low transformation costs and safe and reliable implementation process. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the AA-direction cross-section structure;
[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the BB-direction cross-section structure.
[0021] In the diagram: 1. Main feed pipe; 2. Branch feed pipe; 3. Distributor head; 4. Manhole; 5. Electrostatic desalination tank; 6. Electric field zone; 601. Strong electric field layer; 602. Weak electric field layer; 7. Oil outlet pipe; 8. Radial baffle; 9. Axial baffle; 10. Drain pipe; 11. Oil collection pipe; 12. Distributor pipe; 13. Dispersion hole. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The technical solution of this utility model will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this utility model. In the description, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," and "right," etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are only used to correspond to the accompanying drawings of this utility model for ease of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation. Example 1:
[0023] Combined with appendix Figure 1-3 The aforementioned equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration includes an electric desalting tank 5. An electric field zone 6 is located in the center of the tank 5. An oil outlet pipe 7 is located in the center of the tank wall above the electric field zone 6. A feed main pipe 1 and a drain pipe 10 are located in the center and on one side of the tank wall below the electric field zone 6, respectively. As needed, a feed distributor is located below the electric field zone 6. The feed distributor includes multiple distribution heads 3 spaced apart and arranged side-by-side corresponding to the electric field zone 6, with a distance of at least 350mm between the distribution heads 3 and the electric field zone 6 to avoid electric field interference and prevent premature demulsification and aggregation in the distribution heads 3. The distribution heads 3 are connected to the feed main pipe 1 via feed branch pipes 2. The distribution heads 3 are arranged according to the size of the electric field zone 6, generally in two rows, with multiple distribution heads in each row. It can uniformly and slowly feed oil and water materials into the electric field zone 6; in addition, the inner end of the oil outlet pipe 7 is connected to an oil collection pipe 11 parallel to the electric field zone 6. The lower part of the oil collection pipe 11 is provided with an oil collection port, and the lower part of the tank wall of the electric desalting tank 5 is provided with a manhole 4 for inspection and maintenance; the electric field zone 6 is surrounded by a flow guide enclosure to guide the oil and water materials entering from the feed pipe 1 through the electric field zone 6. As needed, the flow guide enclosure is set as a stepped protruding ring fixed to the inner tank wall of the electric desalting tank 5, which only plays a diameter reduction effect around the electric field zone 6 to restrict the flow of oil and water. The flow guide enclosure is made of high temperature resistant electrical insulation material, generally nylon 66, polyimide resin, phenolic resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, etc., preferably polytetrafluoroethylene resin.
[0024] The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to this invention involves mixing crude oil and washing water using existing technology. The oil-water mixture is fed into the main feed pipe 1, then slowly and evenly enters the electric desalting tank 5 through the feed branch pipe 2 and multiple distribution heads 3. At this time, the oil-water mixture is restricted by the flow guide and enclosure, and most of it directly enters the electric field zone 6. During the process of passing through the electric field zone 6, the emulsion is rapidly demulsified and aggregated under the action of electric field force. After the water droplets grow, they separate from the crude oil and fall due to gravity, and are discharged from the drain pipe 10. The crude oil with enhanced demulsification and aggregation by electric field force has a significantly reduced salt and water content. It rises continuously to the top of the electric desalting tank 5 along the oil collection pipe 11 and flows out of the electric desalting tank 5 from the oil outlet pipe 7, thus ensuring that more than 98% of the oil-water mixture can pass through the electric field zone 6 for effective desalting and dehydration. Example 2:
[0025] If the flow-guiding enclosure is made into a solid or fully enclosed structure, it will not only increase the weight and installation difficulty, but also reduce the volume and processing capacity of the electrostatic desalination tank 5. Therefore, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the electrostatic desalination tank 5 is made into a horizontal tank, and the electric field region 6 is a cuboid electric field formed by flat plate electrodes. The electric field region 6 is divided into a strong electric field layer 601 and a weak electric field layer 602, and the strong electric field layer 601 and the weak electric field layer 602 can also be further subdivided as needed. The flow-guiding enclosure includes two radial baffles 8 and two axial baffles 9 corresponding to the electric field region 6. The upper sides of the two radial baffles 8 and the two axial baffles 9 are flush with the upper surface of the electric field region 6, and the lower sides can slightly extend beyond the lower surface of the electric field region 6. The plates of the radial baffles 8 and the axial baffles 9 are left with a gap of less than or equal to 50 mm between themselves and the electric field region 6 to ensure that the gap is small enough to prevent the oil-water mixture from flowing out. The gap is cleared, and the two ends of the radial baffle 8 extend along the plate surface and are sealed and fixed to the corresponding inner wall of the electric desalting tank 5. The upper side of the radial baffle 8 extends outward and is sealed and fixed to the corresponding end cap of the electric desalting tank 5. This ensures that the oil-water mixture will not flow through the space between the radial baffle 8 and the adjacent end cap of the electric desalting tank 5. The two ends of the axial baffle 9 are respectively close to the two radial baffles 8, with a distance generally less than or equal to 50mm. The upper side of the axial baffle 9 extends outward and is sealed and fixed to the corresponding tank wall of the electric desalting tank 5. This also ensures that the oil-water mixture will not flow through the space between the axial baffle 9 and the adjacent tank wall of the electric desalting tank 5. To ensure that the radial baffle 8 and the axial baffle 9 are installed stably, support rods can be provided between the plate surface of the radial baffle 8 and the axial baffle 9 away from the electric field area 6 and the tank wall of the electric desalting tank 5. Multiple support rods can be provided, and the support rods are composed of horizontal braces and diagonal braces.
[0026] Although the above structure does not reduce the volume of the electrostatic desalination tank 5 and is easy to install, it is easy to form a flow dead zone between the outer plate of the axial baffle and the tank wall of the electrostatic desalination tank 5. To avoid this situation, multiple distribution pipes 12 arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the electrostatic desalination tank 5 can be fixed on the plate surface of the axial baffle 9 corresponding to the weak electric field layer 602 as needed. The distribution pipes 12 are also made of high temperature resistant electrical insulation material. One end of the distribution pipe 12 is open and passes through the corresponding axial baffle 9, and the other end of the distribution pipe 12 is closed and extends close to the center of the electric field region 6. The pipe wall of the distribution pipe 12 is provided with multiple dispersion holes 13 at intervals along the axial direction of the pipe body. In this way, a small part of the oil-water mixture rises along the space enclosed by the radial baffle 8, the axial baffle 9 and the inner wall of the electrostatic desalination tank 5. Due to the restriction of the upper side of the radial baffle 8 and the axial baffle 9, it can only enter the middle of the weak electric field layer 602 through the dispersion holes 13 on the distribution pipe 12 to demulsify and coalesce.
[0027] The parts of this utility model not described in detail are prior art. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that this utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that this utility model can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of this utility model. Therefore, the above embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims in this utility model, and no reference numerals in the claims should be regarded as limiting the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A device for enhancing the desalting and dehydration effect of crude oil, comprising an electric desalting tank (5), wherein an electric field zone (6) is provided in the center of the tank, and an oil outlet pipe (7), a feed main pipe (1), and a drain pipe (10) are respectively provided on the tank walls above and below the electric field zone (6), characterized in that: The electric field area (6) is surrounded by a flow guide barrier to guide the oil and water materials entering from the feed pipe (1) through the electric field area (6).
2. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide enclosure is a stepped protrusion ring fixed to the inner wall of the electric desalination tank (5).
3. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The desalination tank (5) is a horizontal tank, and the electric field region (6) is a rectangular electric field formed by flat plate electrodes. The electric field region (6) is divided into a strong electric field layer (601) and a weak electric field layer (602) above and below.
4. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow-guiding enclosure includes two radial baffles (8) and two axial baffles (9) corresponding to the electric field area (6). The two ends of the radial baffles (8) extend along the plate surface and are sealed and fixed to the corresponding inner wall of the electric desalination tank (5). The upper side of the radial baffles (8) extends outward and is sealed and fixed to the corresponding end cap of the electric desalination tank (5). The two ends of the axial baffles (9) respectively approach the two radial baffles (8). The upper side of the axial baffles (9) extends outward and is sealed and fixed to the corresponding tank wall of the electric desalination tank (5).
5. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The axial baffle (9) has multiple distribution tubes (12) that are spaced apart along the axial direction of the desalination tank (5) on the plate surface corresponding to the weak electric field layer (602). One end of the distribution tube (12) is open and passes through the corresponding axial baffle (9), and the other end of the distribution tube (12) is closed and extends close to the center of the electric field region (6). The tube wall of the distribution tube (12) is provided with multiple dispersion holes (13) spaced apart along the tube body axial direction.
6. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The radial baffle (8), axial baffle (9) and distribution pipe (12) are all made of high-temperature resistant electrical insulation material.
7. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radial baffle (8) and the axial baffle (9) are both separated from the electric field region (6) by a gap of less than or equal to 50 mm.
8. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radial baffle (8) and axial baffle (9) are provided with support rods between their surfaces away from the electric field region (6) and the wall of the electro-desalination tank (5).
9. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that: Below the electric field area (6) is a feed distributor. The feed distributor includes multiple distribution heads (3) spaced apart and arranged side by side corresponding to the electric field area (6). The distance between the distribution head (3) and the electric field area (6) is greater than or equal to 350 mm. The distribution head (3) is connected to the feed main pipe (1) through the feed branch pipe (2).
10. The equipment for enhancing crude oil desalting and dehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner end of the oil outlet pipe (7) is connected to an oil collection pipe (11) parallel to the electric field region (6). The lower part of the oil collection pipe (11) is provided with an oil collection port, and the lower part of the desalination tank (5) is provided with a manhole (4).