Drainage structure suitable for planting roof and planting roof

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of building construction, and particularly relates to a drainage structure suitable for a planting roof and the planting roof. The drainage structure comprises a retaining wall arranged on the roof, a three-dimensional rectification layer and a drainage channel. The retaining wall comprises a planting soil side and a drainage side; the drainage channel is formed in the bottom of the retaining wall and penetrates through the planting soil side and the drainage side; the three-dimensional rectification layer is made of a permeable material and comprises a gravity guide surface at the top and a seepage guide surface at the side part; the three-dimensional rectification layer is connected with a planting soil side opening of the drainage channel; a first drainage path sequentially passing through the planting soil layer, the three-dimensional rectification layer and the drainage channel in the gravity drainage direction and a second drainage path sequentially passing through the planting soil layer, the three-dimensional rectification layer and the drainage channel in the seepage drainage direction are formed on the planting roof at the same time. The utility model has the dual functions of guiding the drainage flow direction and intercepting the planting soil loss, uses the horizontal drainage channel, and is widely compatible with various drainage systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of building construction, specifically relates to a drainage structure suitable for planting roof and planting roof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Planting roof refers to the building roof or underground building top plate paved with planting soil or provided with container to plant plants. As planting and irrigation activities need to be carried out, the planting roof needs to be provided with drainage structure for draining excess moisture in the planting soil and filter layer for preventing the loss of planting soil. In the prior art, the drainage channel in the drainage structure is usually vertically arranged, and the filter direction of the matched filter layer is from top to bottom. This drainage structure is more suitable for the working condition of newly-built planting roof. If the existing roof needs to be transformed into a planting roof, the vertical drainage channel needs to be correspondingly raised to accommodate the drainage space, which will increase the roof load and construction cost. UTILITARY MODEL

[0003] Therefore, the utility model hopes to provide a planting roof drainage structure using horizontal drainage channels, which does not need to raise the roof during the transformation of the existing roof, reduces the transformation cost, and also reduces the construction cost of newly-built planting roof.

[0004] The utility model realizes the following technical scheme:

[0005] A drainage structure suitable for planting roof, characterized by comprising a retaining wall, a three-dimensional rectifier layer and a drainage channel arranged on the roof.

[0006] The retaining wall comprises a planting soil side and a drainage side.

[0007] The drainage channel is arranged at the bottom of the retaining wall and penetrates the planting soil side and the drainage side.

[0008] The three-dimensional rectifier layer is composed of a water-permeable material and comprises a gravity guide surface at the top and a seepage guide surface at the side.

[0009] The three-dimensional rectifier layer is connected with the opening of the planting soil side of the drainage channel.

[0010] The planting roof simultaneously forms a first drainage path passing through the planting soil layer, the three-dimensional rectifier layer and the drainage channel in the gravity drainage direction and a second drainage path passing through the planting soil layer, the three-dimensional rectifier layer and the drainage channel in the seepage drainage direction.

[0011] The drainage principle of the roof planting soil layer mainly includes the gravity of water and the seepage of water in porous media, wherein the seepage direction can be simplified as starting from the direction of generating water and ending in the direction of discharging water. In order to reduce the cost of transforming the existing ordinary roof, the transverse drainage channel is used in the drainage structure. The defect of transverse drainage is that there is a difference between the seepage drainage direction, the gravity drainage direction and the drainage channel direction, resulting in low drainage efficiency. Therefore, the three-dimensional rectifier layer is constructed to guide the drainage path. The gravity guide surface of the three-dimensional rectifier layer receives the drainage from the gravity direction, and the seepage guide surface receives the drainage from the seepage direction which is not gravity; the three-dimensional rectifier layer has water permeability and can naturally distribute the internal liquid flow direction; the drainage received by the three-dimensional rectifier layer flows out through the drainage channel. At the same time, since the three-dimensional rectifier layer uses a water permeable material, it can intercept and filter the planting soil while guiding the drainage path, preventing the loss of planting soil and blocking the drainage channel. The scheme takes into account the drainage efficiency and soil fixation and water filtration effect in function, and also has good compatibility in structure, which can be combined with various drainage systems such as gutter, eave gutter, internal drainage, external drainage and other low-cost drainage systems, and is widely applicable to existing ordinary roof transformation projects and new planting roof projects.

[0012] As a preferred, the gravity guide surface, the seepage guide surface, the retaining wall and the roof form a closed structure with the planting soil side opening of the drainage channel as the only drainage outlet. This closed structure increases the surface area of the three-dimensional rectifier layer that can be used to absorb drainage, improving the efficiency of the three-dimensional rectifier layer in receiving water, and on the other hand, forming a one-way water outlet structure, in which the water in the three-dimensional rectifier layer can only be discharged from the drainage channel.

[0013] As a preferred, the range of the three-dimensional rectifier layer covers at least the planting soil side opening of the drainage channel. At this time, the planting soil side opening of the drainage channel is only in contact with the three-dimensional rectifier layer, and all components flowing out with the drainage must pass through the three-dimensional rectifier layer for filtration, preventing the planting soil layer or other foreign matter from flowing into the drainage channel through the three-dimensional rectifier layer, causing blockage.

[0014] As a preferred, the drainage structure includes a primary filter layer arranged between the planting soil layer and the three-dimensional rectifier layer. Since the drainage function and filtration function of the three-dimensional rectifier layer are based on water permeable materials, the working load is large and may be blocked during long-term use, so a hierarchical filtration structure is provided to reduce the filtration burden of the three-dimensional rectifier layer. The primary filter layer is arranged upstream of the drainage path, separating the planting soil and the three-dimensional rectifier layer, and preventing small planting soil particles from blocking the surface of the three-dimensional rectifier layer.

[0015] As a preferred, the primary filter layer includes an upper filter area covering the gravity guide surface, and a side filter area located at the seepage guide surface. This design performs zoned filtration on the drainage from the gravity direction and the seepage direction, and cooperates with the three-dimensional rectifier layer to construct a complete and efficient drainage path.

[0016] As preferred, a plurality of said drainage channels are provided on the retaining wall, each drainage channel is provided with an independent said three-dimensional rectifier layer, forming a modular drainage unit, the blockage of a single drainage unit does not affect the overall system, and is easy to clean and maintain.

[0017] As preferred, a bonding layer is provided between the three-dimensional rectifier layer and the retaining wall to fix the relative position of the two. When the irrigation method changes or the irrigation area is uneven, the stress on each guide surface of the three-dimensional rectifier layer in each direction may be unbalanced. The bonding layer is provided to fix the relative position of the three-dimensional rectifier layer and the retaining wall, and to ensure the stability of the drainage structure.

[0018] As preferred, the three-dimensional rectifier layer is a water-permeable brick. Compared with other water-permeable materials, the water-permeable brick has a three-dimensional structure, can be cut to have appropriate gravity guide surfaces and seepage guide surfaces according to local conditions, and does not need to be provided with a three-dimensional rectifier layer. In addition, the water-permeable brick has mechanical strength and splitting resistance, can bear the pressure from the planting soil layer and the primary filter layer in the gravity direction and the seepage direction, and makes the drainage structure stable. Finally, the water-permeable brick has a modular property, and the drainage system can be easily subdivided into modular drainage units.

[0019] As preferred, the drainage structure comprises a secondary filter layer fixed between the three-dimensional rectifier layer and the planting soil side of the drainage channel; the secondary filter layer is composed of a rigid net-shaped filter material and at least includes an opening completely covering the planting soil side of the drainage channel. The secondary filter layer can first intercept the three-dimensional rectifier layer fragments, secondly intercept external foreign matters in the reverse direction, avoid the water-permeable drainage gap adhering to and blocking the surface of the three-dimensional rectifier layer, and further provide support and structural reinforcement for the drainage channel and the three-dimensional rectifier layer, and improve the overall durability of the drainage structure.

[0020] The utility model also proposes a kind of planting roof, which uses the drainage structure of any one of the above.

[0021] The utility model sets up three-dimensional rectifier layer with three-dimensionality and water permeability simultaneously, and single structure can play the functions of drainage, filtration and support, simultaneously improve the filtration efficiency, soil fixation effect and structural strength of drainage structure, and realize the organic combination of grading filtration function and drainage function. When selecting water-permeable brick as three-dimensional rectifier layer, it can also modularly separate drainage unit, and improve the overall stability of drainage system. The utility model also prolongs the service life of three-dimensional rectifier layer through grading filtration structure, and improves durability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional sectional schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 Horizontal section view of the present application.

[0025] Legend:

[0026] 1 Retaining wall;

[0027] 2 First filter layer; 210 Upper filter area; 220 Side filter area;

[0028] 3 Three-dimensional rectifier layer; 310 Gravity guide surface; 320 Percolation guide surface;

[0029] 4 Second filter layer;

[0030] 5 Drainage channel; 510 Planting soil side opening of drainage channel;

[0031] 6 Roof;

[0032] 7 Planting soil layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present application based on these descriptions. In addition, the embodiments of the present application involved in the following description are generally only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Therefore, based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] In the prior art, the drainage channel of the planting roof drainage structure is usually vertically arranged. If it is necessary to transform the existing ordinary roof into a planting roof, such a vertical drainage channel needs to raise the roof structure as a whole to accommodate the drainage space, resulting in an increase in roof load and construction cost, or the drainage channel can only be arranged at the outer periphery, limiting the layout of the roof. Therefore, the present application hopes to propose a drainage structure that can be widely used in the transformation of existing ordinary roofs.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present scheme first sets a retaining wall 1 on the roof 6, and the two sides of the retaining wall 1 are respectively a planting soil layer 7 and a drainage structure periphery, the former is called a planting soil side, and the latter is called a drainage side. The retaining wall 1 is provided with a drainage channel 5 at the bottom, and the drainage channel 5 is a transverse through structure, and the two ends are respectively arranged on the surface of the planting soil side of the retaining wall 1 and the surface of the drainage side of the retaining wall 1.

[0037] Excess water in the planting soil layer 7 is discharged through the drainage channel 5. Therefore, a filter layer needs to be added between the planting soil layer 7 and the drainage channel 5 to intercept the loss of planting soil during the drainage process. In order to accurately intercept and improve the filtration efficiency, the applicant analyzed the drainage principle of the roof planting soil layer 7. The mechanism driving the drainage mainly includes the gravity of the water itself and the seepage of water in the porous medium. The seepage direction can be simplified as starting from the direction of water generation and ending in the direction of water discharge. In the prior art, it is generally recommended to use flat materials such as non-woven fabric for the filter layer. This type of filter layer is lightweight and easy to construct. However, when the drainage channel 5 is designed horizontally, if the non-woven fabric filter layer is only installed at the planting soil side opening 510 of the drainage channel, then the water in the planting soil layer 7 can only enter the drainage channel 5 through seepage, resulting in low drainage efficiency. In addition, materials such as non-woven fabric are prone to aging and breakage, and their durability is also poor.

[0038] Therefore, this scheme incorporates a three-dimensional straightening layer 3 capable of simultaneously accepting gravity drainage and seepage drainage. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 is itself a permeable material and has a large surface area in contact with water. In a preferred embodiment, the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 includes a top gravity guiding surface 310 and a side seepage guiding surface 320, optimizing the distribution efficiency of the drainage path through the division of labor of the working surfaces. The three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 is positioned close to the planting soil side opening 510 of the drainage channel; the surface of the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 facing the planting soil layer 7 is the water absorption side, receiving drainage from all directions of the planting soil layer 7, while the surface facing the drainage channel 5 is the drainage side, guiding and integrating the drainage flow backward from the drainage side. To prevent the planting soil layer 7 or other foreign objects from flowing into the drainage channel through the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3, the extent of the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 at least completely covers the planting soil side opening 510 of the drainage channel, ensuring that all components flowing along the drainage path are filtered through the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3.

[0039] To enhance the guiding effect of the three-dimensional rectifier layer 3 on the drainage path, the position and structure of each guiding surface are optimized.

[0040] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 The gravity guiding surface 310, the seepage guiding surface 320, the retaining wall 1, and the roof 6 form an enclosed structure with the planting soil side opening 510 of the drainage channel as the only drainage outlet. This enclosed structure increases the surface area of ​​the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 that can be used to absorb drainage, improving the efficiency of water reception. On the other hand, it forms a unidirectional water outlet structure, so that water inside the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 can only be discharged from the drainage channel 5.

[0041] Since the flow diversion and filtration functions of the three-dimensional rectifier layer 3 are based on permeable materials, the workload is heavy and clogging may occur during long-term use. Therefore, a graded filtration structure is set up to reduce the filtration burden of the three-dimensional rectifier layer 3.

[0042] Please see Figure 2 This solution adds a primary filter layer 2 between the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 and the planting soil layer 7. The primary filter layer 2 is composed of granular filter media with a particle size of 5mm to 15mm, and the filter media can include, but is not limited to, expanded clay, gravel, etc. The primary filter layer 2 wraps around the exterior of the three-dimensional rectification layer 3, covering the gravity guiding surface 310 and the seepage guiding surface 320, preventing the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 from directly filtering the planting soil layer 7. To construct a complete, continuous, and efficient drainage path, the zoning of the primary filter layer 2 is coordinated with that of the three-dimensional rectification layer 3. The primary filter layer 2 is divided into an upper filtration zone 210 and a side filtration zone 220. The upper filtration zone 210 is located on top of the gravity guiding surface 310 of the three-dimensional rectification layer 3, while the side filtration zone 220 is attached to the surface of the seepage guiding surface 320. In a preferred embodiment, the vertical thickness of the upper filtration zone 210 is ≥100mm, and the thickness of the side filtration zone 220 along the seepage direction is ≥200mm, ensuring filtration efficiency and structural stability. The green roof 6 simultaneously forms a first drainage path that passes through the planting soil layer 7, the primary filter layer 2, the three-dimensional rectification layer 3, and the drainage channel 5 in sequence in the gravity drainage direction, and a second drainage path that passes through the planting soil layer 7, the primary filter layer 2, the three-dimensional rectification layer 3, and the drainage channel 5 in sequence in the seepage drainage direction.

[0043] In actual engineering, the drainage system of the green roof 6 is a whole, so the stability of the drainage system is optimized.

[0044] From a structural stability perspective, the deformation resistance of the drainage structure is improved. Please note that an adhesive layer is provided between the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 and the retaining wall 1 to fix their relative positions. When the irrigation method changes or the irrigation area is uneven, the forces on each guiding surface of the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 in each direction may be unbalanced. The adhesive layer is provided to fix the relative positions of the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3 and the retaining wall 1, preventing deformation or displacement of the three-dimensional rectifying layer 3.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 A secondary filter layer 4 is provided between the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 and the planting soil side of the drainage channel 5, and the secondary filter layer 4 is fixed to the retaining wall 1. The secondary filter layer 4 is a rigid mesh filter material, including at least an opening 510 on the planting soil side that completely covers the drainage channel. The secondary filter layer 4 provides support and structural reinforcement for the drainage channel 5 and the three-dimensional rectification layer 3, and can also intercept debris from the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 and intercept external foreign objects in the reverse direction, preventing it from sticking to and blocking the permeable drainage gaps on the surface of the three-dimensional rectification layer 3, thereby improving both structural stability and functional stability.

[0046] From a functional stability perspective, the drainage structure is constructed as modular drainage units. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The retaining wall 1 has multiple drainage channels 5, each drainage channel 5 is equipped with an independent three-dimensional rectifier layer 3, and each three-dimensional rectifier layer 3 is equipped with an independent primary filter layer 2. The blockage of a single drainage unit does not affect the overall system and is easy to clean and maintain.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the three-dimensional rectification layer 3 is a permeable brick. Compared to other permeable materials, permeable bricks firstly possess modular characteristics, facilitating the division of drainage units. Secondly, permeable bricks have an inherent three-dimensional structure, allowing for the cutting of suitable gravity guiding surfaces 310 and seepage guiding surfaces 320 according to local conditions, eliminating the need for a separate three-dimensional rectification layer 3. Furthermore, permeable bricks possess a certain degree of mechanical strength and splitting resistance, enabling them to withstand pressure from the planting soil layer 7 and the primary filter layer 2 in both the gravity and seepage directions, thus enhancing both functional and structural stability.

[0048] The following is an example of one construction method for this drainage structure:

[0049] 1. Construct retaining wall 1, and reserve multiple sets of drainage channels 5 at the bottom of retaining wall 1;

[0050] 2. Install a stainless steel filter screen at the 510mm opening on the planting soil side of the drainage channel;

[0051] 3. Install permeable bricks close to the secondary filter layer 4, and use cement mortar to bond the permeable bricks to the retaining wall 1;

[0052] 4. Fill with a small amount of planting soil, and fill the space between the planting soil and the permeable bricks with gravel;

[0053] 5. Continue filling with planting soil; drainage structure construction is now complete.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A green roof, wherein the green roof is constructed and the drainage structure described in Example 1 is used to drain the planting soil layer.

Claims

1. A drainage structure suitable for green roofs, characterized in that, It includes a retaining wall (1) set on the roof (6), a three-dimensional straightening layer (3) and a drainage channel (5); The retaining wall (1) includes a planting soil side and a drainage side; The drainage channel (5) is located at the bottom of the retaining wall (1) and connects the planting soil side and the drainage side; The three-dimensional rectification layer (3) is composed of permeable material, including a gravity guiding surface (310) at the top and a seepage guiding surface (320) on the side. The three-dimensional rectification layer (3) is connected to the planting soil side opening (510) of the drainage channel (5). The roof (6) simultaneously forms a first drainage path that passes through the planting soil layer (7), the three-dimensional rectification layer (3), and the drainage channel (5) in the direction of gravity drainage, and a second drainage path that passes through the planting soil layer (7), the three-dimensional rectification layer (3), and the drainage channel (5) in the direction of seepage drainage.

2. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity guiding surface (310), the seepage guiding surface (320), the retaining wall (1), and the roof (6) form an enclosed structure with the planting soil side opening (510) of the drainage channel as the only drainage outlet.

3. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extent of the three-dimensional straightening layer (3) at least completely covers the planting soil side opening (510) of the drainage channel.

4. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage structure includes a primary filter layer disposed between the planting soil layer (7) and the three-dimensional straightening layer (3).

5. The drainage structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The primary filter layer (2) includes an upper filter area (210) covering the gravity guiding surface (310) and a side filter area (220) located on the seepage guiding surface (320).

6. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining wall (1) is provided with multiple drainage channels (5), and each drainage channel (5) is equipped with an independent three-dimensional rectification layer (3).

7. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adhesive layer is provided between the three-dimensional rectification layer (3) and the retaining wall (1) to fix their relative positions.

8. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional rectification layer (3) is composed of permeable bricks.

9. The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage structure includes a secondary filter layer (4) disposed between the three-dimensional rectification layer (3) and the planting soil side of the drainage channel (5); the secondary filter layer (4) is composed of rigid mesh filter material and includes at least a planting soil side opening (510) that completely covers the drainage channel.

10. A green roof, characterized in that, The drainage structure described in any one of claims 1 to 9 was used.

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