Temperature control air valve device of central air conditioner
By designing a central air conditioning temperature control valve device with a frame, rotating components, and a dust collection box, the problem of dust blowing out and causing pollution in existing technologies has been solved, achieving effective dust collection and cleaning, and ensuring the cleanliness of the device and the stability of airflow.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520449995.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-14
AI Technical Summary
Existing temperature-controlled air valve devices cause dust to be blown out by the airflow purging device when cleaning accumulated dust, leading to pollution of the external environment.
A central air conditioning temperature control valve device was designed, including a frame, a rotating assembly, a dust collection box, and a cleaning rod. The rotating rod is driven by a motor to rotate the adjusting plate, and dust falls into the dust collection box. The dust collection box is detachable and has a balance swing cover to prevent dust from overflowing. The connecting mechanism achieves a stable connection between the pipe and the frame through a locking block and a spring.
It achieves effective dust collection and cleaning, keeps the device clean, ensures the airtightness and stability of airflow, and prevents dust from polluting the external environment.
Smart Images

Figure CN223896214U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of central air conditioning technology, and in particular to a central air conditioning temperature control valve device. Background Technology
[0002] Central air conditioning, as a widely used air conditioning system in modern buildings, plays a crucial role in creating a comfortable environment for the interior space of buildings. Through centralized cooling and heating and air handling mechanisms, it can accurately regulate indoor temperature, humidity and air quality. In large commercial complexes, office buildings, hospitals and hotels, central air conditioning can provide a stable and suitable indoor environment for a large number of people, ensuring people's comfort and work efficiency.
[0003] Temperature control dampers are a crucial component of central air conditioning systems. Their main function is to precisely regulate indoor temperature by controlling the airflow in the duct. When the indoor temperature deviates from the preset value, the temperature control damper will automatically adjust the opening of the damper and change the airflow based on the signal from the temperature sensor. This has a decisive impact on the temperature control accuracy and energy-saving effect of the entire system.
[0004] Current temperature control damper devices use a square frame for the damper. When the closing blades move, dust accumulated on their surface and the inner side and top walls of the damper frame easily falls onto the inner bottom wall of the damper frame. Excessive dust accumulation can affect the smoothness of the opening and closing of the lower closing blades. In existing technology, a small airflow blowing device is added to the damper frame to blow away the dust, thus achieving the effect of dust removal. However, in actual use, after the airflow blowing device blows away the dust, it will be discharged through the air conditioning outlet, causing pollution to the external environment and affecting normal use. Utility Model Content
[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this utility model provides a central air conditioning temperature control valve device, which aims to improve the problem in the prior art where, after the airflow purging device blows away the accumulated dust, it is discharged through the air conditioning outlet, causing pollution to the external environment.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a central air conditioning temperature control valve device, comprising a frame, a rotating assembly on the outer wall of the frame, an adjusting plate fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating assembly, fixed plates fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame, a dust collection box slidably connected to the adjacent side of the two fixed plates, two reserved holes equally spaced on the left and right sides of the dust collection box, fixing bolts rotatably connected to the front and rear ends of the opposite sides of the two fixed plates, dust inlets on the front and rear sides of the top of the dust collection box and the front and rear ends of the bottom of the inner side of the frame, a balance swing cover rotatably connected to the front and rear sides of the top of the dust collection box, a top plate fixedly connected to the top of the frame, two telescopic rods fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom of the top plate, corresponding cleaning rods fixedly connected to the other ends of the multiple telescopic rods, and connecting mechanisms provided on the left and right sides of the frame for connecting the frame.
[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0008] The connecting mechanism includes multiple hollow plates, one side of which is fixedly connected to the left and right front and rear ends of the frame. Each of the hollow plates has a slot on one side. Pipes are provided on the front and rear sides of the frame. Each of the two pipes has a locking block fixedly connected to one side of each adjacent end. Each locking block is slidably connected to the inside of the corresponding hollow plate. Each of the locking blocks has a groove on one side. Each of the grooves has a spring fixedly connected to the inside. Each of the springs has a moving block fixedly connected to the other end.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0010] The rotating assembly includes a motor and a transmission belt. The left side of the motor is fixedly connected to the right side of the frame. The output end of the motor passes through the frame and is fixedly connected to a rotating rod one. A rotating rod two is rotatably connected to the lower inner part of the frame. The left ends of both rotating rod one and rotating rod two pass through the frame and are fixedly connected to a wheel. The outer walls of the two wheels are connected by a transmission belt. An adjusting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod two and the wheel.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0012] The frame has sealing grooves on both the front and rear sides, and the two pipes are slidably connected to the interior of the corresponding sealing grooves.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0014] Limiting grooves are provided on adjacent sides of both fixed plates, and limiting blocks are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the dust collection box.
[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0016] The outer walls of the plurality of fixing bolts are slidably connected with washers, and one side of each of the plurality of washers is in contact with one side of the corresponding fixing plate.
[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0018] Multiple movable blocks are slidably connected inside the corresponding card slots, and the size of the movable blocks matches that of the card slots.
[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0020] The diameters of the two balance swing covers are both smaller than the ash inlet, and the multiple telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the bottom of the top plate at equal intervals.
[0021] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0022] 1. In this utility model, by starting the motor, its output end drives the first rotating rod, which drives the second rotating rod through the rotating wheel and transmission belt. The second rotating rod drives the adjustment plate to rotate and adjust the airflow. Then, the telescopic rod controls the sweeping rod to clean the dust on the adjustment plate. The dust falls into the dust collection box, thus cleaning the adjustment plate, facilitating the replacement of the dust collection box, and maintaining the good performance and cleanliness of the device.
[0023] 2. In this utility model, by aligning the locking blocks fixed on both sides of one end of the pipe with the hollow plate and inserting them, the locking blocks slide inside the hollow plate. When they reach a specific position, the spring in the groove of the locking block pushes the moving block to pop out and lock into the slot of the hollow plate, thereby achieving a stable connection between the pipe and the frame. This connection method is convenient to install, has a firm connection, and ensures the sealing and stability of the airflow. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the central air conditioning temperature control valve device proposed in this utility model.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the central air conditioning temperature control valve device proposed in this utility model;
[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the image;
[0027] Figure 4 This is a structurally exploded view of the dust collection box of the central air conditioning temperature control valve device proposed in this utility model;
[0028] Figure 5 This is a structurally exploded view of the connection mechanism of the central air conditioning temperature control valve device proposed in this utility model.
[0029] Legend:
[0030] 1. Frame; 2. Connecting mechanism; 201. Hollow plate; 202. Slot; 203. Pipe; 204. Block; 205. Groove; 206. Spring; 207. Moving block; 3. Motor; 4. Rotating rod one; 5. Rotating rod two; 6. Rotating wheel; 7. Transmission belt; 8. Adjusting plate; 9. Fixing plate; 10. Dust collection box; 11. Fixing bolt; 12. Reserved hole; 13. Ash inlet; 14. Balance swing cover; 15. Top plate; 16. Telescopic rod; 17. Sweeping rod; 18. Sealing groove; 19. Limiting block; 20. Limiting groove; 21. Gasket. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4This utility model provides an embodiment of a central air conditioning temperature control valve device, including a frame 1, which serves as a support. A rotating assembly is provided on the outer wall of the frame 1, providing power for the rotation of an adjusting plate 8. The adjusting plate 8 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating assembly. The adjusting plate 8 can adjust the airflow size and direction through the frame 1 by rotation, thereby achieving temperature control. Fixed plates 9 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame 1, supporting and fixing a dust collection box 10. The same dust collection box 10 is slidably connected to adjacent sides of the two fixed plates 9, and the dust collection box 10 is used to collect air during device operation. To collect dust, two pre-drilled holes 12 are equidistantly provided on both the left and right sides of the dust collection box 10. These holes allow fixing bolts 11 to pass through and secure the dust collection box 10. Fixing bolts 11 are rotatably connected to the front and rear ends of the two opposite sides of the fixing plates 9. These bolts can be tightened or loosened to allow for the fixing and disassembly of the dust collection box 10. Dust inlets 13 are provided on the front and rear sides of the top of the dust collection box 10 and the front and rear ends of the bottom inner side of the frame 1. These inlets facilitate dust falling into the dust collection box 10. A balance swing cover 14 is rotatably connected to the front and rear sides of the top of the dust collection box 10. The balance swing cover 14 automatically opens when dust falls in and remains closed under normal conditions. To prevent dust from escaping, a top plate 15 is fixedly connected to the top of frame 1. The top plate 15 is used to fix telescopic rods 16. Two telescopic rods 16 are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom of the top plate 15. The telescopic rods 16 can adjust the position of the cleaning rods 17 by extending and retracting. The other ends of the multiple telescopic rods 16 are respectively fixedly connected to corresponding cleaning rods 17. The cleaning rods 17 are used to clean the inside of frame 1, especially the dust accumulated on the adjusting plate 8. The left and right sides of frame 1 are provided with connecting mechanisms 2. The connecting mechanisms 2 are used to connect frame 1 with other components. The rotating assembly includes a motor 3 and a transmission belt 7. The motor 3 serves as... The power source provides power to the rotating components. The left side of the motor 3 is fixedly connected to the right side of the frame 1. The output end of the motor 3 passes through the frame 1 and is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 4. The output end of the motor 3 drives the rotating rod 4 to rotate. The lower inner side of the frame 1 is rotatably connected to the rotating rod 5. The rotating rod 5 rotates under the action of power, driving the adjusting plate 8. The left ends of the rotating rod 4 and the rotating rod 5 both pass through the frame 1 and are fixedly connected to the rotating wheel 6. The rotating wheel 6 is used to transmit power. The outer walls of the two rotating wheels 6 are connected by a transmission belt 7. The transmission belt 7 transmits the power of the rotating rod 4 to the rotating rod 5. The rotating rod 5 and the outer wall of the rotating wheel 6 are fixedly connected to the adjusting plate 8.
[0033] Specifically, when the central air conditioning temperature control valve is turned on, the starting motor 3 drives the rotating rod 4 to rotate. The wheel 6 at the left end of the rotating rod 4 rotates synchronously, driving the wheel 6 at the left end of the rotating rod 5 to rotate via the transmission belt 7. This causes the rotating rod 5 to rotate. The adjusting plate 8 is firmly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 5 and the wheel 6. The rotation of the rotating rod 5 causes the adjusting plate 8 to rotate within the frame 1, thereby adjusting the size and direction of the airflow through the frame 1 to achieve precise temperature control. As the usage time increases, dust inevitably accumulates on the adjusting plate 8, affecting its airflow adjustment effect. At this time, the telescopic rod 16 at the bottom of the top plate 15 begins to function. The operator operates the telescopic rod 16 to extend, connecting to the other end of the telescopic rod 16. The cleaning rod 17 at one end descends and approaches the adjusting plate 8. Then, the telescopic rod 16, through its own telescopic movement, drives the cleaning rod 17 to move back and forth along the surface of the adjusting plate 8, sweeping away the dust attached to the adjusting plate 8. The dust generated during the cleaning process falls into the dust collection box 10 through the dust inlet 13 under the action of gravity, ensuring the cleanliness of the adjusting plate 8 and keeping the device in good working performance and stable temperature control. When it is necessary to clean the dust collection box 10, simply turn the fixing bolt 11 on the fixing plate 9 to easily pull out the dust collection box 10. The balance swing cover 14 on the top of the dust collection box 10 can be automatically opened when dust falls, and is tightly closed normally to effectively prevent dust from overflowing.
[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5The connecting mechanism 2 includes multiple hollow plates 201. The hollow plates 201 serve as the basic components of the connecting mechanism 2, constructing the structural carrier connecting the frame 1 and the pipe 203. One side of each hollow plate 201 is fixedly connected to the left and right front and rear ends of the frame 1, securely connecting the connecting mechanism 2 to the frame 1 and preparing for the subsequent connection of the pipe 203. Each side of the hollow plates 201 has a slot 202, which cooperates with a moving block 207 to achieve a locking connection between the pipe 203 and the frame 1. Pipes 203 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the frame 1. The pipes 203 are used to transport airflow and are important channels for airflow circulation in the central air conditioning system. Two adjacent ends of two pipes 203 are fixedly connected to two locking blocks 204. The locking blocks 204 serve as intermediate components connecting the pipe 203 and the hollow plates 201, facilitating insertion into the hollow plates 201 for connection. The multiple locking blocks 204 are slidably connected inside the corresponding hollow plates 201. This allows the pipe 203 to slide within the hollow plate 201 via the locking blocks 204, adjusting its installation position. Each of the locking blocks 204 has a groove 205 on one side, which accommodates the spring 206 and the moving block 207, providing installation space for the connection and locking structure. A spring 206 is fixedly connected inside each of the grooves 205, acting as a power element to provide the moving block 207 with the elastic force to pop out and engage with the slot 202. The other end of each spring 206 is fixedly connected to the moving block 207. The moving block 207 pops out under the action of the spring 206, cooperating with the slot 202 to lock the connection between the pipe 203 and the frame 1. Each moving block 207 is slidably connected inside its corresponding slot 202, ensuring smooth sliding within the slot 202 for connection and disassembly operations. The size of the moving block 207 matches the size of the slot 202, ensuring a tight fit and providing stable and reliable connection strength.
[0035] Specifically, during installation, pipes 203 are installed on the front and rear sides of frame 1. Each pipe 203 has a locking block 204 fixedly connected to both sides of its end closest to frame 1. The installer moves the pipe 203 towards frame 1 and inserts the locking block 204 into the hollow plate 201. Since the locking block 204 and the hollow plate 201 are slidably connected, the locking block 204 can slide smoothly inside the hollow plate 201. A groove 205 is provided on one side of the locking block 204, and a spring 206 is fixedly connected inside the groove 205. The other end of the spring 206... The movable block 207 is connected. When the locking block 204 slides along the hollow plate 201 to a specific position, the spring 206, which was originally compressed in the groove 205, begins to function. Due to its own elastic restoring force, the spring 206 pushes the movable block 207 to move out of the groove 205. After the movable block 207 pops out, it fits into the slot 202 on one side of the hollow plate 201, achieving a stable connection. The size matching ensures that the movable block 207 can slide smoothly in the slot 202 and also provides sufficient connection strength to prevent the pipe 203 from accidentally falling off.
[0036] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The frame 1 has sealing grooves 18 on both its front and rear sides. These grooves 18 cooperate with pipes 203 to enhance the sealing of the connection between the frame 1 and the pipes 203. The two pipes 203 slide within their corresponding sealing grooves 18, allowing them to slide precisely into place and further improving the sealing effect. Limiting grooves 20 are provided on adjacent sides of the two fixing plates 9. These grooves provide guidance for the installation of the dust collection box 10, ensuring accurate positioning. Limiting blocks 19 are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the dust collection box 10. These blocks 19 cooperate with the limiting grooves 20 to prevent the dust collection box 10 from... The 0 moves or shifts between the fixed plates 9. Multiple fixing bolts 11 have slidably connected washers 21 on their outer walls. The washers 21 can disperse the pressure of the fixing bolts 11 on the fixed plates 9 and prevent damage to the surface of the fixed plates 9. One side of each of the multiple washers 21 is in contact with the corresponding side of the fixed plate 9, which enhances the friction between the fixing bolts 11 and the fixed plates 9 and makes the fixation more secure. The diameter of the two balance swing covers 14 is smaller than that of the dust inlet 13, which ensures that the dust can fall into the dust collection box 10 smoothly through the dust inlet 13. The balance swing covers 14 can open and close normally. Multiple telescopic rods 16 are fixedly connected at equal intervals to the bottom of the top plate 15, which makes the cleaning rod 17 more securely installed.
[0037] Specifically, when the pipe 203 is inserted into the sealing groove 18 and slides into place, it can effectively prevent airflow from leaking from the connection between the frame 1 and the pipe 203. The limiting block 19 and the limiting groove 20 cooperate with each other to provide guidance and positioning for the installation of the dust collection box 10, preventing it from shifting or shaking between the fixing plates 9. The gasket 21 increases the contact area between the bolt and the fixing plate 9, avoiding damage caused by the bolt directly squeezing the fixing plate 9. The gasket 21 can increase the friction, making the fixing bolt 11 more firmly fixed on the fixing plate 9, preventing the bolt from loosening due to vibration. The diameter of the balance swing cover 14 is smaller than that of the ash inlet 13, allowing dust to fall smoothly into the dust collection box 10 through the ash inlet 13. The balance swing cover 14 opens under gravity and then closes automatically, effectively preventing the dust in the dust collection box 10 from escaping in the opposite direction.
[0038] Working principle: When the central air conditioning temperature control valve device is turned on, the starting motor 3 drives the rotating rod 4 to rotate. The rotating wheel 6 at the left end of the rotating rod 4 rotates synchronously, which drives the rotating wheel 6 at the left end of the rotating rod 5 to rotate through the transmission belt 7, thus making the rotating rod 5 rotate. The adjusting plate 8 is firmly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 5 and the rotating wheel 6. The rotation of the rotating rod 5 drives the adjusting plate 8 to rotate within the frame 1, thereby adjusting the size and direction of the airflow through the frame 1 to achieve precise temperature control. As the usage time increases, dust will inevitably accumulate on the adjusting plate 8, affecting its airflow adjustment effect. At this time, the telescopic rod 16 at the bottom of the top plate 15 begins to play its role. The operator operates the telescopic rod 16 to extend, connecting to the telescopic rod 16 The cleaning rod 17 at the other end descends and approaches the adjusting plate 8. Then, the telescopic rod 16 moves the cleaning rod 17 back and forth along the surface of the adjusting plate 8 through its own telescopic movement, sweeping away the dust attached to the adjusting plate 8. The dust generated during the cleaning process falls into the dust collection box 10 through the dust inlet 13 under the action of gravity, ensuring the cleanliness of the adjusting plate 8 and keeping the device in good working performance and stable temperature control. When it is necessary to clean the dust collection box 10, simply turn the fixing bolt 11 on the fixing plate 9 to easily pull out the dust collection box 10. The balance swing cover 14 on the top of the dust collection box 10 can be automatically opened when dust falls, and is normally tightly closed to effectively prevent dust from overflowing.
[0039] During installation, pipes 203 are installed on the front and back sides of frame 1. Each pipe 203 has a locking block 204 fixedly connected to both sides of the end closest to frame 1. The installer moves the pipe 203 towards frame 1 and inserts the locking block 204 into the hollow plate 201. Since the locking block 204 and the hollow plate 201 are slidably connected, the locking block 204 can slide smoothly inside the hollow plate 201. A groove 205 is provided on one side of the locking block 204, and a spring 206 is fixedly connected inside the groove 205. The other end of the spring 206 is connected to a moving block 207. When the locking block 204 slides along the hollow plate 201 to a specific position, the spring 206, originally compressed in the groove 205, begins to function. Due to its elastic restoring force, the spring 206 pushes the moving block 207 out of the groove 205. After the moving block 207 pops out, it fits precisely into the slot 202 on one side of the hollow plate 201, achieving a stable connection.
[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A central air conditioning temperature control valve device, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The outer wall of the frame (1) is provided with a rotating assembly, and an adjusting plate (8) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating assembly. Fixed plates (9) are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the bottom of the frame (1). The two fixed plates (9) are slidably connected to the same dust collection box (10) on adjacent sides. Two reserved holes (12) are equidistantly opened on the left and right sides of the dust collection box (10). Fixed bolts (11) are rotatably connected to the front and rear ends of the two fixed plates (9) on opposite sides. The front and rear sides of the top of the dust collection box (10) are connected to the frame (…). 1) The bottom of the inner side is provided with dust inlet (13) at both the front and rear ends. The top of the dust collection box (10) is rotatably connected with a balance swing cover (14). The top of the frame (1) is fixedly connected with a top plate (15). The bottom of the top plate (15) is fixedly connected with two telescopic rods (16). The other end of the multiple telescopic rods (16) is fixedly connected with corresponding cleaning rods (17). The left and right sides of the frame (1) are provided with a connecting mechanism (2). The connecting mechanism (2) is used to connect the frame (1).
2. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism (2) includes multiple hollow plates (201). One side of each hollow plate (201) is fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the left and right sides of the frame (1). Each hollow plate (201) has a slot (202) on one side. Each frame (1) has a pipe (203) on the front and rear sides. Each pipe (203) has a block (204) fixedly connected to one side of each adjacent end. Each block (204) is slidably connected to the interior of the corresponding hollow plate (201). Each block (204) has a groove (205) on one side. Each groove (205) has a spring (206) fixedly connected to the interior of each groove (205). Each spring (206) has a moving block (207) fixedly connected to the other end of each spring (206).
3. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating assembly includes a motor (3) and a transmission belt (7). The left side of the motor (3) is fixedly connected to the right side of the frame (1). The output end of the motor (3) passes through the frame (1) and is fixedly connected to a rotating rod (4). The lower inner side of the frame (1) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (5). The left ends of the rotating rod (4) and the rotating rod (5) both pass through the frame (1) and are fixedly connected to a rotating wheel (6). The outer walls of the two rotating wheels (6) are connected by the transmission belt (7). The rotating rod (5) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating wheel (6) with an adjusting plate (8).
4. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame (1) has sealing grooves (18) on both the front and rear sides, and the two pipes (203) are slidably connected to the interior of the corresponding sealing grooves (18).
5. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting grooves (20) are provided on the adjacent sides of the two fixed plates (9), and limiting blocks (19) are fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the dust collection box (10).
6. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer walls of the plurality of fixing bolts (11) are slidably connected with washers (21), and one side of each of the plurality of washers (21) is in contact with one side of the corresponding fixing plate (9).
7. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple movable blocks (207) are slidably connected inside the corresponding slots (202), and the size of the movable blocks (207) matches that of the slots (202).
8. The central air conditioning temperature control valve device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of the two balance swing covers (14) are smaller than the ash inlet (13), and the multiple telescopic rods (16) are fixedly connected at equal intervals to the bottom of the top plate (15).