Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic power generation system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic module comprises a module body, a substrate and a hydrogel film layer, the assembly body comprises a front surface and a back surface which are oppositely arranged. The substrate is arranged on the back surface. A hydrogel film layer is attached to at least part of the surface of the base plate, a liquid guide channel is formed in the hydrogel film layer, the liquid guide channel is suitable for being communicated with an external liquid storage device, and the hydrogel film layer can adsorb and release water vapor so as to exchange heat with the assembly body. Furthermore, when the assembly body works, the cooling and heat dissipation effects on the assembly body can be realized by utilizing evaporation of water in the hydrogel film layer, and the water in the liquid storage device can be conveyed into the hydrogel film layer by utilizing the liquid guide channel, so that sufficient water in the hydrogel film layer is ensured to be used for evaporation and heat dissipation. When the body does not work, the hydrogel film layer can absorb moisture in the surrounding environment and store the moisture in the liquid guide channel, and therefore the stable and lasting cooling effect of the hydrogel film layer is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are the core components of photovoltaic power generation systems. They convert solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. However, during the power generation process, only a portion of the solar energy is converted into electrical energy, while most of it is converted into heat energy, leading to an increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic modules. This increase in temperature affects the heating efficiency of the photovoltaic modules. Therefore, how to solve the problem of photovoltaic module temperature rise has always been a key research direction in the photovoltaic field.

[0003] Currently, there are two main ways to cool photovoltaic modules: active cooling and passive cooling. Active cooling includes liquid cooling and fan cooling, which can quickly and effectively remove the heat generated by the photovoltaic cells, but it requires additional energy and cannot achieve the goals of cooling and efficiency improvement at the same time. Passive cooling mainly relies on the structural design and material selection of the equipment itself to achieve heat dissipation. Although it does not require additional energy input, it is often complex in structural design or has high material costs, which increases the cost of use. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application aims to provide a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic power generation system that can solve the cooling problem of photovoltaic modules in related technologies.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic module, comprising: a module body, a substrate, and a hydrogel film layer;

[0007] The component body includes a front side and a back side disposed opposite to each other, and the substrate is disposed on the back side; at least a portion of the surface of the substrate is attached with the hydrogel film layer, the hydrogel film layer is provided with liquid guiding channels, the liquid guiding channels are adapted to communicate with an external liquid storage device, and the hydrogel film layer can adsorb and release water vapor to exchange heat with the component body.

[0008] Optionally, the hydrogel film layer is disposed at least on the side surface of the substrate opposite to the component body.

[0009] Optionally, the liquid guiding channel includes a first channel, and there are multiple first channels arranged at intervals, with each of the multiple first channels connected to the liquid storage device.

[0010] Optionally, the liquid guiding channel further includes a second channel; the extension direction of the second channel intersects the extension direction of the first channel, and a plurality of the first channels are respectively connected to the second channel, and the second channel is adapted to be connected to the liquid storage device.

[0011] Optionally, the spacing between any two adjacent first channels is equal.

[0012] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent first channels is D, which satisfies: 0.1mm≤D≤100mm.

[0013] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second channel is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first channel.

[0014] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first channel is S1, satisfying: 0.01mm². 2 ≤S1≤100mm 2 ;

[0015] And / or, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the second channel is S2, satisfying: 0.01mm 2 ≤S2≤100mm 2 .

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application propose a photovoltaic power generation system, including: a liquid storage device and the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect; the liquid storage device is used to store liquid, and the liquid guiding channel is connected to the liquid storage device.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes a moisture-absorbing material layer, which is disposed in the liquid storage device for adsorbing water vapor;

[0018] And / or, the photovoltaic modules are configured as multiple, the multiple photovoltaic modules are arranged side by side, and the hydrogel film layers in the multiple photovoltaic modules are all in communication with the liquid storage device.

[0019] In this application, a substrate is disposed on the back of the module body, and a hydrogel film layer is attached to the surface of the substrate. The substrate provides support and fixation for the hydrogel film layer. Liquid guiding channels are provided in the hydrogel film layer, which are connected to an external liquid storage device. During daytime operation, when the module body is at a high temperature, the hydrogel film layer absorbs heat through evaporation of moisture. Simultaneously, the liquid guiding channels transport moisture from the liquid storage device to the hydrogel film layer, ensuring sufficient moisture for evaporative heat dissipation. At night, when the module body is not operating, its temperature is low. The hydrogel film layer, being hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the surrounding environment and stores it in the liquid guiding channels, or further, excess moisture is guided through the liquid guiding channels and stored in the liquid storage device. This ensures sufficient moisture for the hydrogel film layer during daytime photovoltaic module operation, thus guaranteeing a stable and long-lasting cooling effect for the module body.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a first type of hydrogel film layer according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a second type of hydrogel film layer according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a third type of hydrogel film layer according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth type of hydrogel film layer according to the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 8 These are experimental data of hydrogel film layers with different structures according to embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 These are experimental data on the provision of liquid-conducting channels of different sizes in the hydrogel membrane layer according to embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the results of a temperature drop test between the photovoltaic module of this application and a conventional photovoltaic module, according to embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 11 It corresponds Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the average temperature drop data corresponding to section A within the dashed box.

[0033] Figure label:

[0034] 10: Photovoltaic module; 11: Module body; 12: Substrate; 13: Hydrogel film layer; 130: Liquid guiding channel; 131: First channel; 132: Second channel; 20: Liquid storage device; 21: Moisture-absorbing material layer; 22: Liquid guiding pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] The photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic power generation systems provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a photovoltaic module 10 according to some embodiments of this application includes: a module body 11, a substrate 12, and a hydrogel film layer 13; the module body 11 includes a front side and a back side disposed opposite to each other, and the substrate 12 is disposed on the back side; at least a portion of the surface of the substrate 12 is attached with a hydrogel film layer 13, and the hydrogel film layer 13 is provided with a liquid guiding channel 130, which is adapted to communicate with an external liquid storage device 20, and the hydrogel film layer 13 can adsorb and release water vapor to exchange heat with the module body 11.

[0041] In this embodiment of the application, by setting a substrate 12 on the back side of the component body 11 and attaching a hydrogel film layer 13 to the surface of the substrate 12, the substrate 12 can provide support and fixation for the hydrogel film layer 13. A liquid guiding channel 130 is provided in the hydrogel film layer 13 so that the liquid guiding channel 130 is connected to the external liquid storage device 20. Furthermore, during daytime operation, the module body 11 has a high temperature. The water in the hydrogel film layer 13 evaporates and absorbs the heat from the module body 11. At the same time, the liquid channel 130 can be used to transport water from the liquid storage device 20 to the hydrogel film layer 13 to ensure that there is sufficient water in the hydrogel film layer 13 for evaporative heat dissipation. At night, when the module body 11 is not working, its temperature is low. The hydrogel film layer 13 is hygroscopic and can absorb water from the surrounding environment and store the water in the liquid channel 130, or further, the liquid channel 130 can guide excess water into the liquid storage device 20 so that the photovoltaic module 10 can provide sufficient water for the hydrogel film layer 13 when it is working during the daytime. In this way, the hydrogel film layer 13 provides a stable and long-lasting cooling effect for the module body 11.

[0042] It is understandable that the module body 11 can absorb sunlight and convert solar energy into electrical energy under the photovoltaic effect. The module body 11 has a front and a back, with the front of the module body 11 being the side that receives light.

[0043] The hydrogel membrane layer 13 is a hydrogel membrane structure formed by a hydrogel membrane and a hygroscopic salt solution of a certain concentration, possessing the function of adsorbing and releasing water vapor. The hydrogel membrane is a salt-resistant hydrogel membrane, which can be a three-dimensional network structure gel prepared from water-soluble or hydrophilic polymer materials, such as acrylamide hydrogel, polyacrylamide hydrogel, and ethyl 4-acetylacryloyl hydrogel. The hygroscopic salt includes, but is not limited to, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and calcium chloride, and the hygroscopic salt solution has the ability to adsorb moisture from the ambient air. The hydrogel membrane has a large number of microporous structures, and the hygroscopic salt solution fills and adheres to these microporous structures.

[0044] Furthermore, by attaching the hydrogel film layer 13 to the surface of the substrate 12, the substrate 12 can be used to support and fix the hydrogel film layer 13. The substrate 12 can be made of a material with a certain structural strength, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), etc.

[0045] It is understandable that the heat dissipation principle of the photovoltaic module 10 in this application is as follows:

[0046] When there is sunlight during the day, the module body 11 of the photovoltaic module 10 operates, and the temperature of the module body 11 rises. The hydrogel film layer 13 disposed on the back of the module body 11 exchanges heat with the module body 11. The moisture in the hydrogel film layer 13 absorbs heat, and the temperature rise of the hydrogel film layer 13 causes the water vapor pressure of the hygroscopic salt solution inside it to be higher than the water vapor pressure of the external environment. The moisture on the surface of the hydrogel film layer 13 evaporates into the air and carries away heat. As the surface moisture evaporates, the concentration of the hygroscopic salt solution on the surface of the hydrogel film layer 13 gradually increases. When there is a salt solution concentration difference between the surface of the hydrogel film layer 13 and the internal liquid guiding channel 130, it can drive the moisture in the external liquid storage device 20 to diffuse and be transported into the hydrogel film layer 13 through the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel film layer 13. In this way, the moisture in the liquid guiding channel 130 replenishes the surface of the hydrogel film layer 13, ensuring that the surface of the hydrogel film layer 13 always has sufficient moisture for evaporative heat dissipation.

[0047] When there is no sunlight at night, the module body 11 in the photovoltaic module 10 does not work, and the temperature of the module body 11 is low. The hygroscopic salt solution in the hydrogel film layer 13 has the ability to absorb moisture from the surrounding low temperature and high humidity environment, and stores the moisture in the microporous structure and liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel film layer 13. Furthermore, when there is a lot of moisture in the hydrogel film layer 13, it can also flow back to the liquid storage device 20 through the liquid guiding channel 130 for storage, so as to ensure that when the module body 11 works again during the day, the hydrogel film layer 13 has sufficient moisture for evaporation and heat dissipation.

[0048] Using the photovoltaic module 10 of this application, during the daytime operation of the module body 11, the evaporation of water from the hygroscopic salt solution within the hydrogel film layer 13 causes a change in the concentration of the salt solution. At this time, the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel film layer 13 acts as a liquid transport channel, guiding water from the external liquid storage device 20 to the hydrogel film layer 13 to ensure that the surface of the hydrogel film layer 13 always maintains sufficient moisture for heat absorption and evaporation. At night, when the module body 11 is not operating, the hygroscopic salt in the hydrogel film layer 13 can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. At this time, the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel film layer 13 can again act as a storage space to store the absorbed moisture, replenishing the moisture in the hydrogel film layer 13, thereby ensuring that the module body 11 has sufficient moisture for evaporative heat dissipation when it resumes operation.

[0049] Therefore, the photovoltaic module 10 structure of this application not only ensures the stable cooling effect of the hydrogel film layer 13 during continuous daytime operation, but also replenishes the moisture of the hydrogel film layer 13 through nighttime moisture absorption, ensuring the long-lasting cooling effect of the hydrogel film layer 13 on the photovoltaic module 10. This avoids the problem that the hydrogel film layer 13 alone loses its heat dissipation function as the working moisture content decreases, or even hinders the heat dissipation of the module.

[0050] In a specific application, the hydrogel membrane layer 13 is provided with an inlet, which is connected to the liquid channel 130. Then, by setting a liquid guide tube 22, one end of the liquid guide tube 22 is connected to the inlet, and the other end of the liquid guide tube 22 is connected to the liquid storage device 20, so that the water in the liquid storage device 20 can be transported to the liquid channel 130 by the liquid guide tube 22.

[0051] In addition, the portion of the hydrogel membrane layer 13 with the inlet can be in direct contact with the liquid storage device 20, so that water can be directly drawn from the liquid storage device 20 through the liquid channel 130 via the inlet.

[0052] The connection method between the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel membrane layer 13 and the liquid storage device 20 can be flexibly set according to the actual situation, and is not limited here.

[0053] In some embodiments, the liquid guiding channel 130 may be a microchannel structure formed directly inside the hydrogel film layer 13. Alternatively, it may be a groove structure formed in the side of the hydrogel film layer 13 facing the substrate, thereby attaching the substrate 12 to the hydrogel film layer 13 and using the substrate 12 to seal the groove structure to form the liquid guiding channel 130.

[0054] For example, a hydrogel film with a grooved structure on the surface can be processed by a patterned processing method such as mold forming or nanoimprinting. The hydrogel film is then laid on a substrate 12 that provides support. The substrate 12 and the hydrogel film are connected to each other by means of material bonding or chemical grafting to encapsulate the grooved structure and form a hydrogel film layer 13 with liquid guiding channels 130.

[0055] Of course, the specific processing method of the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel membrane layer 13 can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and is not limited here.

[0056] In some embodiments, the substrate 12 is disposed on the back side of the component body 11. The substrate 12 has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other. The first side faces the component body 11 and the second side is opposite to the component body 11. A hydrogel film layer 13 may be disposed on the first side or on the second side, or a hydrogel film layer 13 may be disposed on both the first side and the second side.

[0057] Furthermore, it is ensured that the hydrogel film layer 13 is disposed on at least one side of the component body 11, i.e., on the second side. Since the second side is away from the component body 11 and is not blocked by the component body 11, by disposing of the hydrogel film layer 13 on the second side, it can be ensured that the hydrogel film layer 13 has a larger surface area exposed to the environment, which is conducive to the evaporation of water in the hydrogel film layer 13 and the adsorption of water from the external environment by the hydrogel film layer 13.

[0058] Optionally, such as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the liquid guiding channel 130 includes a first channel 131, and there are multiple first channels 131 arranged at intervals. The multiple first channels 131 are respectively connected to the liquid storage device 20.

[0059] In this embodiment, by providing multiple first channels 131 in the hydrogel membrane layer 13, and connecting these channels 131 to the liquid storage device 20, water from the external liquid storage device 20 can be transported to different areas of the hydrogel membrane layer 13, thus replenishing the water required for evaporation of the hydrogel membrane layer 13 as a whole. Furthermore, when the hydrogel membrane layer 13 absorbs water from the surrounding environment, the multiple first channels 131 can serve as water storage spaces, thereby increasing the water content of the hydrogel membrane layer 13.

[0060] In some embodiments, a plurality of first channels 131 are arranged at intervals in the hydrogel membrane layer 13. The plurality of first channels 131 may not be interconnected with each other. Each first channel 131 is individually connected to an external liquid storage device 20, so that each first channel 131 can absorb water from the liquid storage device 20 separately, thereby reducing mutual interference between different first channels 131.

[0061] In other embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, multiple first channels 131 can be connected end to end in sequence to form a serpentine liquid guiding channel 130. An inlet is provided in the hydrogel membrane layer 13. One end of the serpentine liquid guiding channel 130 is connected to the inlet. Then, the inlet is connected to the liquid storage device 20. Water can be delivered into multiple first channels 131 simultaneously through one inlet, which facilitates the connection between the liquid guiding channel 130 and the external liquid storage device 20.

[0062] Optionally, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the liquid guiding channel 130 also includes a second channel 132; the extension direction of the second channel 132 intersects the extension direction of the first channel 131, and multiple first channels 131 are respectively connected to the second channel 132, and the second channel 132 is adapted to be connected to the liquid storage device 20.

[0063] In this embodiment, by simultaneously providing multiple first channels 131 and at least one second channel 132 in the hydrogel membrane layer 13, and connecting the multiple first channels 131 to the second channels 132 respectively, and connecting the second channels 132 to the liquid storage device 20, water transport between the multiple first channels 131 and the liquid storage device 20 can be realized through the second channels 132. This facilitates the structural design and processing of the liquid guiding channels 130 in the hydrogel membrane layer 13, and also facilitates the connection between the liquid guiding channels 130 as a whole and the external liquid storage device 20.

[0064] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, multiple first channels 131 are arranged in parallel intervals. Along the extension direction of the first channels 131, a second channel 132 is provided on one side of the multiple first channels 131. The ends of the multiple first channels 131 are all connected to the second channel 132. One end of the first channel 131 is provided with an inlet for connecting to an external liquid storage device 20.

[0065] In another specific embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, there can be two second channels 132. Along the extension direction of the first channel 131, the two second channels 132 are respectively located on both sides of the multiple first channels 131. One end of the first channel 131 is connected to one of the second channels 132, and the other end of the first channel 131 is connected to the other second channel 132. Each end of the two second channels 132 is provided with an inlet, and the two inlets are respectively connected to the external liquid storage device 20. With this structure of the liquid guiding channel 130, for each first channel 131, the two second channels 132 can simultaneously deliver water to multiple first channels 131, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of water delivery from the liquid storage device 20 to the first channels 131, and thus improving the overall heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film layer 13.

[0066] In yet another specific embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the component body 11 is typically a quadrilateral structure, and the shape and structure of the hydrogel film layer 13 match the structure of the component body 11. The hydrogel film layer 13 is also a quadrilateral structure, for example, a rectangle or a square. The quadrilateral structure has two diagonals, and the second channel 132 can be arranged along one diagonal of the quadrilateral structure. The extension directions of the multiple first channels 131 intersect the extension directions of the second channels 132. Preferably, the extension directions of the first channels 131 are parallel to the other diagonal of the quadrilateral structure. This allows each first channel 131 to communicate with the second channel 132, and the second channel 132 to be connected to the middle position of the first channel 131. In this way, the water in the second channel 132 can diffuse from the middle of the first channel 131 to both ends simultaneously, which helps to improve the efficiency of water transfer from the liquid storage device 20 to the first channel 131, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film layer 13.

[0067] In some embodiments, the cooling performance of hydrogel membrane layers 13 with different liquid guiding channel 130 structures is tested:

[0068] Sample preparation: having the following characteristics Figures 4 to 7 Four different hydrogel film layers 13 with liquid guiding channel 130 structures (a, b, c, and d) were attached to the surface of the substrate 12 to form test samples, which are denoted as sample a, sample b, sample c, and sample d, respectively. In each test sample, the hydrogel film layer 13 was fully filled with a hygroscopic salt solution. Furthermore, the four test samples were identical in structure except for the arrangement of the liquid guiding channels 130. The thickness of the hydrogel film layer 13 in each test sample was 1 mm, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the connection between the first channel 131 and the second channel 132 was 0.25 mm². 2 .

[0069] Temperature rise test: For each test sample's cooling performance test, both an example and a comparative example are set up. In the example, the test sample is attached to the heating element, the heating element is heated according to a first predetermined process, and a temperature probe is placed between the test sample and the heating element to measure and record the real-time temperature of the heating element. In the comparative example, the same heating element as in the example is selected, but the surface of the heating element does not have a hydrogel film layer 13. The heating element is directly heated using the first predetermined process, and the real-time temperature of the heating element is detected and recorded.

[0070] The first predetermined process includes: 1. placing the test sample in an environment of 25°C for 20 minutes; 2. at 600W / m 2 The heating element is heated at the specified heating power and held for 20 minutes, with the real-time temperature of the heating element being monitored; 3. The heating power is adjusted to 1000W / m 2 Continue heating the heating element for 20 minutes, and monitor its real-time temperature. 4. Adjust the heating power to 1400W / m. 2 Continue heating the heating element and maintain the temperature for 20 minutes, while monitoring the real-time temperature of the heating element.

[0071] Experimental results analysis and calculation: Temperature data for the corresponding examples and comparative examples for each test sample were obtained, and temperature-time curves were generated based on the temperature data, as detailed in the attached figure. Figure 8 As shown, the curve corresponding to natural cooling is the experimental result of the comparative example, and the curve corresponding to evaporative cooling is the experimental result of the embodiment. Then, the average temperature data of the embodiment is taken as the first average temperature, and the average temperature data of the comparative example is taken as the second average temperature. The average temperature drop can be calculated by subtracting the first average temperature from the second average temperature. The average temperature drop corresponding to each test sample is shown in Table 1 below:

[0072] Table 1

[0073] test subjects Average temperature drop Example 1 Sample a 1.92℃ Example 2 Sample b 5.30℃ Example 3 Sample c 2.93℃ Example 4 Sample d 5.31℃

[0074] based on Figure 8 As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, sample b (corresponding to Figure 5 ) and sample d (corresponding to Figure 7 The average temperature drop of sample a is compared to that of sample a (corresponding to Figure 4 ) and sample c (corresponding to Figure 5The average temperature drop is greater in sample b. This is because, in the hydrogel film layer 13 of sample b, by setting second channels 132 at both ends of multiple first channels 131, water can be simultaneously transported into the first channels 131 using the two second channels 132, which improves the diffusion efficiency of water and thus enhances the heat dissipation effect. In the hydrogel film layer 13 of sample d, by arranging the first channels 131 and second channels 132 along the diagonal of a quadrilateral and connecting the second channels 132 to the middle part of each first channel 131, the diffusion efficiency of water through the second channels 132 to the first channels 131 can also be improved, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0075] Optionally, such as Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the spacing between any two adjacent first channels 131 is equal. In this application, by arranging the multiple first channels 131 within the hydrogel film layer 13 at equal intervals, the uniformity of the distribution of the first channels 131 within the hydrogel film layer 13 is improved, thereby ensuring the uniformity of moisture diffusion at different locations within the hydrogel film layer 13, and thus guaranteeing the cooling effect on different areas of the component body 11.

[0076] Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent first channels 131 is D, which satisfies: 0.1mm≤D≤100mm.

[0077] It is understandable that if the spacing D between two adjacent first channels 131 is less than 0.1 mm, making the first channels 131 in the hydrogel film layer 13 too dense, it will reduce the structural strength of the hydrogel film layer 13 and affect the bonding strength between the hydrogel film layer 13 and the substrate 12. Conversely, if the spacing D is greater than 100 mm, making the first channels 131 in the hydrogel film layer 13 too sparse, the number of first channels 131 will decrease, thereby affecting the water transport function of the first channels 131 and reducing the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film layer 13. Therefore, in this application, by setting the spacing D between 0.1 mm and 100 mm, both good heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film layer 13 and structural strength of the hydrogel film layer 13 and bonding strength with the substrate 12 can be ensured.

[0078] Specifically, the spacing D between two adjacent first channels 131 can be set to any value, such as 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 10mm, 20mm, 50mm, 100mm, etc., within any range between any two values.

[0079] Optionally, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid guiding channel 130 is S, satisfying: 0.01 mm. 2 ≤S≤100mm 2 .

[0080] It is understandable that if the flow cross-sectional area S of the liquid guiding channel 130 is less than 0.01 mm... 2 This results in the liquid guiding channel 130 being too small, which is not conducive to the diffusion of water within the liquid guiding channel 130. As the water in the hydrogel membrane layer 13 evaporates and dissipates heat, the concentration polarization of the hygroscopic salt solution within the liquid guiding channel 130 becomes severe. This leads to the inability of water and salt ions within the liquid guiding channel 130 to exchange fully with the water and salt ions in the liquid storage device 20 in a timely manner, resulting in an excessively high concentration of the hygroscopic salt solution within the liquid guiding channel 130. This restricts the water evaporation process and affects the cooling effect.

[0081] However, if the flow cross-sectional area S is greater than 100mm 2 The liquid guiding channel 130 is relatively large. In order to match the structure of the liquid guiding channel 130, the thickness of the hydrogel film layer 13 needs to be increased. Increasing the thickness of the hydrogel film layer 13 will increase the heat sink, which is not conducive to heat dissipation. At the same time, increasing the thickness of the hydrogel film layer 13 will increase the material cost and increase the weight of the photovoltaic module, which is not conducive to installation and use.

[0082] Therefore, by setting a reasonable range of the flow cross-sectional area S of the liquid guiding channel 130 in this application, it is possible to ensure that the hydrogel film layer 13 can quickly absorb water from the liquid storage device 20 through the liquid guiding channel 130, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film layer 13, while also taking into account the cost of use.

[0083] Specifically, the flow cross-sectional area S of the liquid guiding channel 130 can be set to 0.01 mm. 2 0.2mm 2 0.25mm 2 0.3mm 2 0.4mm 2 0.5mm 2 0.6mm 2 0.7mm 2 0.8mm 2 0.9mm 2 1mm 2 10mm 2 20mm 2 50mm 2 100mm 2 Any number or the range between any two numbers.

[0084] Wherein, the flow cross-sectional area S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide liquid channel 130 along its extension direction perpendicular to its extension direction.

[0085] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the liquid guiding channel 130 can be circular, square, rectangular, elliptical, trapezoidal, etc. Of course, the cross-sectional shape of the liquid guiding channel 130 can also be set to other shapes, which can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and are not limited here.

[0086] In some embodiments, a cooling performance test is conducted on a hydrogel membrane layer 13 with liquid guiding channels 130 having different cross-sectional areas.

[0087] Sample preparation: Test samples were prepared by attaching hydrogel films to the surface of substrate 12. Samples e and f have the same arrangement of the liquid-conducting channels 130. The difference lies in that the thickness of the hydrogel film layer 13 in sample e is 1 mm, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid-conducting channels 130 in the hydrogel film layer 13 is 0.25 mm². 2 The thickness of the hydrogel membrane 13 in sample f is 2.5 mm, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the liquid guiding channels 130 in the hydrogel membrane 13 is 1 mm². 2 The thickness of the hydrogel membrane layer 13 in sample g is 5 mm, and no liquid guiding channel 130 is provided in the hydrogel membrane layer 13.

[0088] Temperature rise test: For each test sample's cooling performance test, both an example and a comparative example were set up. In the example, the test sample was attached to the heating element, and the heating element was heated according to the second predetermined process. A temperature probe was placed between the test sample and the heating element to measure and record the real-time temperature of the heating element. In the comparative example, the same heating element as in the example was selected, but the surface of the heating element did not have a hydrogel film layer 13. The heating element was directly heated using the second predetermined process, and the real-time temperature of the heating element was detected and recorded.

[0089] The second predetermined process includes: 1. placing the test sample in an environment of 25°C for 20 minutes; 2. continuously heating at a heating power of 1000W / m2 for 6 hours and detecting the real-time temperature of the heating element.

[0090] Experimental Results Analysis and Calculation: Temperature data for the corresponding embodiments and comparative examples for each test sample were obtained, and the average temperature of the embodiments and comparative examples was calculated. The difference between the average temperature of the embodiments and the average temperature of the comparative examples was then calculated as the average temperature drop. The average temperature drop for each test sample was then calculated as follows: Figure 9 and Table 2 below:

[0091] Table 2

[0092] test subjects Average temperature drop Example 5 Sample e 5.31℃ Example 6 Sample f 9.27℃ Comparative Example 1 sample g 3.21℃

[0093] According to the experimental data in Table 2, although the thickness of the hydrogel membrane layer 13 in sample e is reduced compared to sample g, the heat dissipation effect is improved due to the liquid guiding channel 130 set in the hydrogel membrane layer 13. The average temperature drop of sample e is greater than that of sample g.

[0094] Comparing the experimental data of samples e and f, it can be seen that as the size of the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel film 13 increases, the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film 13 also improves. Therefore, in practical applications, while meeting the thickness design requirements of the hydrogel film 13, the size of the liquid guiding channel 130 can be increased as much as possible, which helps to improve the heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film 13.

[0095] In some embodiments, performance tests were conducted on the photovoltaic module 10 described in this application and a conventional photovoltaic module 10, respectively. In the photovoltaic module 10 described in this application, a hydrogel film layer 13 is provided on the back side of the module body 11, and the hydrogel film layer 13 has liquid guiding channels 130, connecting the photovoltaic module 10 to the liquid storage device 20. The conventional photovoltaic module 10 does not have a hydrogel film layer 13.

[0096] Cooling effect tests were conducted on two types of photovoltaic modules 10. The cooling effect test method included placing the photovoltaic module 10 in an environment with an ambient temperature of 25℃, a humidity of 50%RH, and a solar irradiance of 1000W / m². 2 Under these conditions, the system operates continuously for 6 hours, and a temperature probe is attached to the back of the module body 11 to detect and record the real-time temperature data of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0097] Furthermore, for the photovoltaic module 10 of this application, after the first cooling effect test, the photovoltaic module 10 is placed under conditions of ambient temperature of 25°C, humidity of 50% RH, and no radiation, and kept there for 18 hours to allow the hydrogel film layer 13 to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. Then, the photovoltaic module 10 is subjected to a second cooling effect test according to the above cooling effect test method; after the second test, the moisture absorption operation of the photovoltaic module is repeated under the above conditions. Then, a third cooling effect test is performed. This cycle is repeated four times, and the real-time temperature data is recorded each time.

[0098] like Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 The temperature change curve of a traditional photovoltaic module in the cooling effect test is shown (i.e. Figure 10 The curve corresponding to BSL in the diagram, and the temperature change curves of the photovoltaic module in this application during four cooling effect tests. From Figure 10 As can be seen from the data, during the cooling effect test, the temperature change tended to stabilize after the photovoltaic module had been working for 60 minutes. Figure 10The experimental curves in the dashed box A region show that the photovoltaic module structure described in this application can significantly reduce the module's operating temperature.

[0099] Furthermore, on Figure 10 By averaging the temperature values ​​corresponding to each temperature curve, we can obtain the following: Figure 11 The average temperature distribution shown is typical for conventional photovoltaic modules 10 (i.e., Figure 11 The average temperature of the corresponding BSL in the above case is 63.67℃. The average temperatures of the photovoltaic module in this application during the four heat dissipation cycles are 55.38℃, 55.40℃, and 55.20℃, respectively.

[0100] Therefore, compared to traditional photovoltaic modules 10, the photovoltaic module structure of this application can significantly reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. Specifically, in the first cycle, because the hygroscopic salt solution in the hydrogel film layer 13 has not reached equilibrium, the cooling effect is better. Compared to traditional photovoltaic modules, the average temperature drop of the photovoltaic module of this application is 10.02℃. In the following three cycles, the hygroscopic salt solution in the hydrogel film layer 13 gradually stabilizes. Therefore, the average temperature drop in the last three cycles is similar, with an average temperature drop of about 8.34℃. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 10 structure of this application can achieve a continuous and stable cooling and heat dissipation effect on the module body 11.

[0101] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment also provides a photovoltaic power generation system, including: a liquid storage device 20 and a photovoltaic module 10 in the above embodiment; the liquid storage device 20 is used to store liquid, and the liquid guiding channel 130 is connected to the liquid storage device 20.

[0102] In this embodiment of the application, by setting a substrate 12 on the back side of the component body 11 and attaching a hydrogel film layer 13 to the surface of the substrate 12, the substrate 12 can provide support and fixation for the hydrogel film layer 13. A liquid guiding channel 130 is provided in the hydrogel film layer 13 so that the liquid guiding channel 130 is connected to the external liquid storage device 20. Furthermore, during daytime operation, the module body 11 has a high temperature. The water in the hydrogel film layer 13 evaporates and absorbs the heat from the module body 11. At the same time, the liquid channel 130 can be used to transport water from the liquid storage device 20 to the hydrogel film layer 13 to ensure that there is sufficient water in the hydrogel film layer 13 for evaporative heat dissipation. At night, when the module body 11 is not working, its temperature is low. The hydrogel film layer 13 is hygroscopic and can absorb water from the surrounding environment and store the water in the liquid channel 130, or further, the liquid channel 130 can guide excess water into the liquid storage device 20 so that the photovoltaic module 10 can provide sufficient water for the hydrogel film layer 13 when it is working during the daytime. In this way, the hydrogel film layer 13 provides a stable and long-lasting cooling effect for the module body 11.

[0103] In some embodiments, the liquid storage device 20 is provided with a liquid storage tank, which can hold a hygroscopic salt solution. The hygroscopic salt solution is the same as or similar to the hygroscopic salt solution in the hydrogel membrane layer 13, and can connect the liquid guiding channel 130 in the hydrogel membrane layer 13 to the liquid storage tank.

[0104] Furthermore, when the daytime module body 11 is working, as the water in the hydrogel film layer 13 evaporates, the concentration of the salt solution in the hydrogel film layer 13 increases, making the concentration of the salt solution in the hydrogel film layer 13 higher than the concentration of the salt solution in the storage tank. The water in the storage tank will diffuse into the hydrogel film layer 13 through the liquid guiding channel 130 to replenish the water required for evaporation, thus ensuring the continuous heat dissipation effect of the hydrogel film layer 13.

[0105] When the component body 11 is not in operation at night, the hydrogel film layer 13 absorbs moisture from the surrounding environment. As moisture is absorbed, the salt solution concentration in the hydrogel film layer 13 becomes lower than that in the storage tank. The moisture in the hydrogel film layer 13 then diffuses into the storage tank through the liquid guiding channel 130 to replenish the moisture in the storage tank. This cycle ensures the long-lasting heat dissipation performance of the hydrogel film layer 13.

[0106] Of course, when the amount of water captured from the air by the hydrogel membrane 13 at night is insufficient, water can be added to the storage tank periodically to ensure that there is enough water in the storage tank to replenish the hydrogel membrane 13.

[0107] Optionally, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the photovoltaic power generation system also includes a moisture-absorbing material layer 21, which is disposed in the liquid storage device 20 and is used to adsorb water vapor.

[0108] In this embodiment of the application, by providing a moisture-absorbing material layer 21 in the liquid storage device, the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 can absorb water vapor from the surrounding environment, thereby replenishing the moisture in the moisture-absorbing salt solution in the liquid storage device 20, so as to ensure that the liquid storage device 20 maintains sufficient moisture.

[0109] In some embodiments, the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 may be a porous sponge, which increases the specific surface area of ​​the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 so that the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.

[0110] Alternatively, the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 can also be made of a breathable and waterproof material. By placing the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 in the liquid storage device 20, water vapor in the air can pass through the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 into the liquid storage device 20 and be absorbed by the moisture-absorbing salt solution in the liquid storage device 20. For example, the moisture-absorbing material layer 21 can be made of a polyester breathable membrane or a polytetrafluoroethylene breathable membrane.

[0111] Optionally, multiple photovoltaic modules 10 are provided, and the multiple photovoltaic modules 10 are arranged side by side, with the hydrogel film layer 13 in the multiple photovoltaic modules 10 all connected to the liquid storage device.

[0112] In this embodiment of the application, a photovoltaic power generation system may be provided with multiple photovoltaic modules 10, which are arranged side by side, and the hydrogel film layer 13 in the multiple photovoltaic modules 10 are all connected to the liquid storage device 20. Thus, the same liquid storage device 20 can be used to supply water to the hydrogel film layer 13 in the multiple photovoltaic modules 10 at the same time, which facilitates the layout and use of multiple photovoltaic modules 10.

[0113] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0114] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Component body, substrate and hydrogel film layer; The component body includes a front side and a back side disposed opposite to each other, and the substrate is disposed on the back side; at least a portion of the surface of the substrate is attached with the hydrogel film layer, the hydrogel film layer is provided with liquid guiding channels, the liquid guiding channels are adapted to communicate with an external liquid storage device, and the hydrogel film layer can adsorb and release water vapor to exchange heat with the component body.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogel film layer is disposed on at least one side of the substrate facing away from the component body.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid guiding channel includes a first channel, and there are multiple first channels arranged at intervals. Each of the multiple first channels is connected to the liquid storage device.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid guiding channel further includes a second channel; the extension direction of the second channel intersects the extension direction of the first channel, and multiple first channels are respectively connected to the second channel, and the second channel is adapted to be connected to the liquid storage device.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between any two adjacent first channels is equal.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent first channels is D, which satisfies: 0.1mm≤D≤100mm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the second channel is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the first channel.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the first channel is S1, which satisfies: 0.01 mm². 2 ≤S1≤100mm 2 ; And / or, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the second channel is S2, satisfying: 0.01mm 2 ≤S2≤100mm 2 .

9. A photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that, include: A liquid storage device and a photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1-8; the liquid storage device is used to store liquid, and the liquid guiding channel is connected to the liquid storage device.

10. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a moisture-absorbing material layer, which is disposed in the liquid storage device and is used to adsorb water vapor; And / or, the photovoltaic modules are configured as multiple, the multiple photovoltaic modules are arranged side by side, and the hydrogel film layers in the multiple photovoltaic modules are all connected to the liquid storage device.

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