Wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic adaptive control circuit with wide power supply voltage input. The automatic adaptive control circuit comprises a voltage identification circuit, a voltage gating circuit and a voltage output circuit, a first input end of the voltage identification circuit is used for being connected with an external power supply Ui, and an output end of the voltage identification circuit is connected with an input end of the voltage gating circuit so as to transmit a voltage signal of the external power supply Ui to the voltage gating circuit; the number of the voltage output circuits is multiple, the input ends of the different voltage output circuits are connected with the different output ends of the voltage gating circuit, and the output ends of the different voltage output circuits are used for being connected with different post-stage chips. The circuit provided by the scheme can automatically adapt to the electronic equipment with the input power range of 3V-32V, and the universality and reliability of the electronic equipment are improved. And by automatically adapting to different voltages, the risk that the equipment is burnt due to voltage mismatching is avoided, and the safety of the equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circuit design technology, specifically to a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, existing automotive and consumer electronic devices utilize a variety of input voltages, including 5V, 8V, 12V, and 24V. The first potential problem is that each electronic device must be compatible with a specific input voltage and cannot automatically adapt to different input power sources. For example, if an automotive electronic device operates at 8V, connecting it to a 12V or 24V power source would likely result in damage. The second potential problem is that while companies designing automotive electronic devices may have specified a 12V operating voltage, different vehicle models use different power supplies (e.g., 12V, 24V), making the device not universally compatible and only usable in specific vehicle models. The current practice of automotive and consumer electronic device design companies is to provide various electronic devices with different power supplies to meet the needs of different vehicle models, significantly increasing development, design, and maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit to solve the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit, characterized in that it includes:

[0005] Voltage identification circuit, voltage gating circuit, voltage output circuit;

[0006] The first input terminal of the voltage identification circuit is used to connect to the external power supply Ui, and the output terminal of the voltage identification circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage gating circuit to transmit the voltage signal of the external power supply Ui to the voltage gating circuit.

[0007] There are multiple voltage output circuits, and the input terminals of different voltage output circuits are connected to different output terminals of the voltage gating circuit, and the output terminals of different voltage output circuits are used to connect to different downstream chips.

[0008] The voltage gating circuit is used to select different voltage output circuits according to the magnitude of the voltage signal, and the voltage output circuit is used to convert the voltage signal into the required voltage for output to the corresponding downstream chip.

[0009] Furthermore, the voltage identification circuit includes: a reference voltage circuit and a wide voltage comparison circuit;

[0010] The input terminal of the wide voltage comparator circuit is connected to the external power supply Ui and the output terminal of the reference voltage circuit, respectively, and the output terminal of the wide voltage comparator circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage gating circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, the reference voltage circuit includes: reference voltage circuit Uout1 and reference voltage circuit Uout2. The reference voltage circuit Uout1 includes: diode D22, resistor R141, transistor Q12, pull-up resistors R142, R143, R144, and reference power supply Q8.

[0012] The reference voltage circuit Uout2 includes: diode D23, resistor R145, transistor Q13, pull-up resistors R146, R147, R148, and reference power supply Q14;

[0013] The anodes of diodes D22 and D23 are connected to the external power supply Ui, respectively. The cathodes of diodes D22 and D23 are connected to one end of resistors R141 and R145, respectively. The other end of resistor R141 is connected to one end of transistor Q12, one end of pull-up resistor R142, and one end of pull-up resistor R143. The other end of transistor Q12 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R142 and the cathode of reference voltage source Q8. The third terminal of transistor Q12 is grounded. One end of pull-up resistor R144 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R143 and the cathode of reference power supply Q8. The other end of pull-up resistor R144 is grounded. The anode of reference power supply Q8 is grounded.

[0014] The other end of resistor R145 is connected to one end of transistor Q13, one end of pull-up resistor R146, and one end of pull-up resistor R147. The other end of transistor Q13 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R146 and the negative terminal of reference voltage source Q14. The third terminal of transistor Q13 is grounded. One end of pull-up resistor R148 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R147 and the negative terminal of reference power supply Q14. The other end of pull-up resistor R148 is grounded. The positive terminal of reference power supply Q14 is grounded.

[0015] Furthermore, the wide voltage comparator circuit includes: a wide voltage comparator circuit SP1, a wide voltage comparator circuit SP2, and a power-off retention circuit VCC1;

[0016] The wide voltage comparator circuit SP1 includes: resistor R149, comparator U14, capacitor C116, pull-up resistor R151, and bidirectional breakdown diode D24.

[0017] The wide voltage comparator circuit SP1 includes: resistor R150, comparator U15, capacitor C117, pull-up resistor R152, and bidirectional breakdown diode D25.

[0018] The power-off retention circuit VCC1 includes: diode D26, resistor R153, transistor Q15, pull-up resistors R154, R155, R156, and reference power supply Q16.

[0019] One end of resistor R149 is connected to external power supply Ui. The inverting input of comparator U14 is connected to the other end of resistor R149. The non-inverting input of comparator U14 is connected to reference voltage circuit Uout1. The positive power supply of comparator U14 is grounded. The negative power supply of comparator U14 is connected to power-off retention circuit VCC1. The output of comparator U14 is connected to one end of capacitor C116, one end of pull-up resistor R151, and one end of bidirectional breakdown diode D24. The other end of capacitor C116 is grounded. The other end of pull-up resistor R151 is connected to power-off retention circuit VCC1. The other end of bidirectional breakdown diode D24 is grounded.

[0020] One end of resistor R150 is connected to external power supply Ui. The inverting input of comparator U15 is connected to the other end of resistor R150. The non-inverting input of comparator U15 is connected to reference voltage circuit Uout2. The positive power supply of comparator U15 is grounded. The negative power supply of comparator U15 is connected to power-off holding circuit VCC1. The output of comparator U15 is connected to one end of capacitor C117, one end of pull-up resistor R152, and one end of bidirectional breakdown diode D25. The other end of capacitor C117 is grounded. The other end of pull-up resistor R152 is connected to power-off holding circuit VCC1. The other end of bidirectional breakdown diode D25 is grounded.

[0021] The positive terminal of diode D26 is connected to the external power supply Ui, and the negative terminal of diode D26 is connected to one end of resistor R153. The other end of resistor R153 is connected to one end of transistor Q15, one end of pull-up resistor R154, and one end of pull-up resistor R155. The other end of transistor Q15 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R154 and the negative terminal of reference voltage source Q16. The third terminal of transistor Q15 is grounded. One end of pull-up resistor R156 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R155 and the negative terminal of reference power supply Q16. The other end of pull-up resistor R156 is grounded. The positive terminal of reference power supply Q16 is grounded.

[0022] Furthermore, the voltage selection circuit includes: a wide voltage selection circuit U24, a wide voltage selection circuit U12, and a wide voltage selection circuit U5.

[0023] The wide voltage selection circuit U24 includes: pull-up resistors R157, R158, R161, R163, PMOS transistors Q19 and Q22, and NMOS transistors Q18 and Q24; PMOS transistors Q19 and Q18 form a primary switch, and PMOS transistors Q22 and Q24 form a secondary switch.

[0024] The wide voltage selection circuit U12 includes: pull-up resistors R162, R164, R165, R167, PMOS transistors Q23 and Q26, and NMOS transistors Q25 and Q28; PMOS transistors Q23 and Q25 form a primary switch, and PMOS transistors Q26 and Q28 form a secondary switch.

[0025] The wide voltage selection circuit U5 includes: pull-up resistors R159, R160, R166, R168, PMOS transistors Q20 and Q27, and NMOS transistors Q21 and Q29; PMOS transistors Q20 and Q21 form a primary switch, and PMOS transistors Q27 and Q29 form a secondary switch.

[0026] One end of the pull-up resistor R157 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q19 are connected to the external power supply Ui. One end of the pull-up resistor R158 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q18 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP1. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q18 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R157 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q19. The other end of the pull-up resistor R158 is grounded. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q18 is grounded. The third end of the PMOS transistor Q19 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R161 and the PMOS transistor Q22. One end of the pull-up resistor R163 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q24 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP2. The other end of the pull-up resistor R163 is grounded. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q24 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R161 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q22. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q24 is grounded.

[0027] One end of the pull-up resistor R165 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q26 are connected to the external power supply Ui. One end of the pull-up resistor R167 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q28 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP1. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q28 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R165 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q26. The other end of the pull-up resistor R167 is grounded. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q28 is grounded. The third end of the PMOS transistor Q26 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R162 and the PMOS transistor Q23. One end of the pull-up resistor R164 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q25 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP2. The other end of the pull-up resistor R164 is grounded. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q25 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R162 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q23. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q25 is grounded.

[0028] One end of the pull-up resistor R159 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q20 are connected to the external power supply Ui. One end of the pull-up resistor R160 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q21 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP1. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q21 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R159 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q20. The other end of the pull-up resistor R160 is grounded. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q21 is grounded. The third end of the PMOS transistor Q20 is connected to the pull-up resistor R166 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q27. One end of the pull-up resistor R168 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q29 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP2. The other end of the pull-up resistor R168 is grounded. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q29 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R166 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q27. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q29 is grounded.

[0029] Furthermore, the voltage output circuit includes: a 24V protection circuit, a 12V protection circuit, a 5V protection circuit, and a DC conversion circuit;

[0030] The 24V protection circuit is connected to the DC conversion circuit, the DC conversion circuit is connected to the 12V protection circuit, the 12V protection circuit is connected to the corresponding downstream circuit 1 of the downstream chip, and the 5V protection circuit is connected to the corresponding downstream circuit 2 of the downstream chip.

[0031] The wide voltage selection circuit U24 is connected to the 12V protection circuit, the wide voltage selection circuit U12 is connected to the 12V protection circuit, and the wide voltage selection circuit U5 is connected to the 5V protection circuit.

[0032] Furthermore, the protection circuit includes: bidirectional breakdown diode D127, polarized capacitor C928, diode D124, pull-up resistors R795, R796, R797, R798, R799, R800, Zener diode U39, capacitors C927, C933, C934, C935, transistors Q42 and Q61;

[0033] One end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D127, the positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C928, and the positive terminal of the diode D124 are connected to the wide voltage selection circuit. The other end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D127 is grounded, and the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C928 is grounded. The negative terminal of the diode D124 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R797, one end of the pull-up capacitor R796, the source terminal of transistor Q42, one end of the pull-up resistor R795, one end of capacitor C935, one end of capacitor C934, and the source terminal of transistor Q61. The other end of the pull-up resistor R797 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R799 and one end of the Zener diode U39. The other end of the pull-up resistor R799 is grounded. The other end of resistor R796 is connected to one end of pull-up resistor R800, the gate (G) terminal of transistor Q42, and the TP106 terminal. The other end of pull-up resistor R800 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode U39, and the anode of Zener diode U39 is grounded. The drain (D) terminal of transistor Q42 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R795, one end of pull-up resistor R798, the other end of capacitor C935, and the gate (G) terminal of transistor Q61. The other end of pull-up resistor R798 is grounded, and the other end of capacitor C934 is grounded. The drain (D) terminal of transistor Q61 is connected to one end of capacitor C927, one end of capacitor C933, and the V-24V terminal. The other ends of capacitors C927 and C933 are both grounded.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0035] The circuit provided in this solution can automatically adapt to electronic devices with an input power range of 3V-32V, improving the versatility and reliability of these devices. By automatically adapting to different voltages, it avoids the risk of equipment burnout due to voltage mismatch, thus enhancing equipment safety.

[0036] The circuitry provided in this solution achieves power compatibility with both 12V and 24V devices. Regardless of whether the vehicle's power supply is 12V or 24V, the device can operate normally, eliminating the need to develop multiple separate sets of equipment and reducing costs. For 5V consumer devices or vehicle-mounted devices, this solution provides safety protection features; even if accidentally plugged into a 12V or other high-voltage power source, the device will not be damaged, further expanding its applicable scenarios.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model;

[0039] Figure 2 A power supply voltage truth table for a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model;

[0040] Figure 3 The circuit diagram shows the reference voltage circuit for a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model.

[0041] Figure 4 The circuit diagram of the wide voltage comparison circuit of the wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model;

[0042] Figure 5 Circuit diagram of wide voltage selection circuit U24 and wide voltage selection circuit U12 of a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model;

[0043] Figure 6 The circuit diagram of the wide voltage selection circuit U5 of the wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model;

[0044] Figure 7 The circuit diagram of the protection circuit for a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit proposed in this utility model;

[0045] Figure 8 This utility model presents a voltage output circuit block diagram of a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0047] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0048] Reference Figure 1-8 This utility model proposes a wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit, including:

[0049] Voltage identification circuit, voltage gating circuit, voltage output circuit;

[0050] The first input terminal of the voltage identification circuit is used to connect to the external power supply Ui, and the output terminal of the voltage identification circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage gating circuit to transmit the voltage signal of the external power supply Ui to the voltage gating circuit.

[0051] There are multiple voltage output circuits, and the input terminals of different voltage output circuits are connected to different output terminals of the voltage gating circuit, and the output terminals of different voltage output circuits are used to connect to different downstream chips.

[0052] The voltage gating circuit is used to select different voltage output circuits according to the magnitude of the voltage signal, and the voltage output circuit is used to convert the voltage signal into the required voltage for output to the corresponding downstream chip.

[0053] The external power supply Ui is connected to the first terminal of the voltage recognition circuit. This solution supports a wide voltage input range of 3V-32V. The voltage recognition circuit provides two reference voltages for segmentation, where reference voltage 1 is 8V and reference voltage 2 is 16V. The voltage recognition circuit compares the input external voltage signal with the two reference voltages respectively, outputs the corresponding status result, and transmits the status result as a control signal to the voltage gating circuit. The voltage gating circuit controls the switching on and off of the switch in the circuit through the received control signal to realize the selection of different input power supply voltages. If the selection is successful, it enters the subsequent voltage output circuit, and the voltage output circuit outputs the converted voltage signal to the corresponding subsequent chip.

[0054] The circuit provided in this solution can automatically adapt to electronic devices with an input power range of 3V-32V, improving the versatility and reliability of these devices. By automatically adapting to different voltages, it avoids the risk of equipment burnout due to voltage mismatch, thus enhancing equipment safety.

[0055] The circuitry provided in this solution achieves power compatibility for both 12V and 24V devices. Regardless of whether the vehicle's power supply is 12V or 24V, the device can operate normally, eliminating the need to develop multiple separate sets of equipment and reducing costs. For 5V consumer or vehicle-mounted devices, this solution provides safety protection features; even if accidentally plugged into a 12V or other high-voltage power source, the device will not be damaged, further expanding its applicable scenarios.

[0056] Furthermore, the voltage identification circuit includes: a reference voltage circuit and a wide voltage comparison circuit;

[0057] The input terminal of the wide voltage comparator circuit is connected to the external power supply Ui and the output terminal of the reference voltage circuit, respectively, and the output terminal of the wide voltage comparator circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage gating circuit.

[0058] Furthermore, the reference voltage circuit includes: reference voltage circuit Uout1 and reference voltage circuit Uout2. The reference voltage circuit Uout1 includes: diode D22, resistor R141, transistor Q12, pull-up resistors R142, R143, R144, and reference power supply Q8.

[0059] The reference voltage circuit Uout2 includes: diode D23, resistor R145, transistor Q13, pull-up resistors R146, R147, R148, and reference power supply Q14;

[0060] The anodes of diodes D22 and D23 are connected to the external power supply Ui, respectively. The cathodes of diodes D22 and D23 are connected to one end of resistors R141 and R145, respectively. The other end of resistor R141 is connected to one end of transistor Q12, one end of pull-up resistor R142, and one end of pull-up resistor R143. The other end of transistor Q12 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R142 and the cathode of reference voltage source Q8. The third terminal of transistor Q12 is grounded. One end of pull-up resistor R144 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R143 and the cathode of reference power supply Q8. The other end of pull-up resistor R144 is grounded. The anode of reference power supply Q8 is grounded.

[0061] The other end of resistor R145 is connected to one end of transistor Q13, one end of pull-up resistor R146, and one end of pull-up resistor R147. The other end of transistor Q13 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R146 and the negative terminal of reference voltage source Q14. The third terminal of transistor Q13 is grounded. One end of pull-up resistor R148 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R147 and the negative terminal of reference power supply Q14. The other end of pull-up resistor R148 is grounded. The positive terminal of reference power supply Q14 is grounded.

[0062] like Figure 3 As shown, the reference voltage circuit provides a reference voltage for the subsequent wide-voltage comparator circuit. This solution supports a wide power input range of 3V-32V. The reference voltage circuit provides two reference voltages for segmentation: reference voltage 1 is 8V and reference voltage 2 is 16V, corresponding to reference voltage circuits Uout1 and Uout2, respectively.

[0063] In this scheme, both reference voltage sources Q8 and Q14 use TL431, a reference voltage source with adjustable current output capability. It provides a reference voltage Vref of 2.5V. By configuring the values ​​of resistors R143 and R44, a precise and stable reference voltage 1 can be output, using the formula: Vout = (1 + R1 / R2)Vref. Similarly, by configuring the values ​​of resistors R147 and R148, a precise and stable reference voltage 2 can be output. For example, if the resistance of R143 is set to 22KΩ and the resistance of R144 is set to 10KΩ, the calculated reference voltage 1 is 8V; if the resistance of R147 is set to 540KΩ and the resistance of R148 is set to 100KΩ, the calculated reference voltage 2 is 16V. This provides two precise and stable reference voltage sources.

[0064] Furthermore, the wide voltage comparator circuit includes: a wide voltage comparator circuit SP1, a wide voltage comparator circuit SP2, and a power-off retention circuit VCC1;

[0065] The wide voltage comparator circuit SP1 includes: resistor R149, comparator U14, capacitor C116, pull-up resistor R151, and bidirectional breakdown diode D24.

[0066] The wide voltage comparator circuit SP1 includes: resistor R150, comparator U15, capacitor C117, pull-up resistor R152, and bidirectional breakdown diode D25.

[0067] The power-off retention circuit VCC1 includes: diode D26, resistor R153, transistor Q15, pull-up resistors R154, R155, R156, and reference power supply Q16.

[0068] One end of resistor R149 is connected to external power supply Ui. The inverting input of comparator U14 is connected to the other end of resistor R149. The non-inverting input of comparator U14 is connected to reference voltage circuit Uout1. The positive power supply of comparator U14 is grounded. The negative power supply of comparator U14 is connected to power-off retention circuit VCC1. The output of comparator U14 is connected to one end of capacitor C116, one end of pull-up resistor R151, and one end of bidirectional breakdown diode D24. The other end of capacitor C116 is grounded. The other end of pull-up resistor R151 is connected to power-off retention circuit VCC1. The other end of bidirectional breakdown diode D24 is grounded.

[0069] One end of resistor R150 is connected to external power supply Ui. The inverting input of comparator U15 is connected to the other end of resistor R150. The non-inverting input of comparator U15 is connected to reference voltage circuit Uout2. The positive power supply of comparator U15 is grounded. The negative power supply of comparator U15 is connected to power-off holding circuit VCC1. The output of comparator U15 is connected to one end of capacitor C117, one end of pull-up resistor R152, and one end of bidirectional breakdown diode D25. The other end of capacitor C117 is grounded. The other end of pull-up resistor R152 is connected to power-off holding circuit VCC1. The other end of bidirectional breakdown diode D25 is grounded.

[0070] The positive terminal of diode D26 is connected to the external power supply Ui, and the negative terminal of diode D26 is connected to one end of resistor R153. The other end of resistor R153 is connected to one end of transistor Q15, one end of pull-up resistor R154, and one end of pull-up resistor R155. The other end of transistor Q15 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R154 and the negative terminal of reference voltage source Q16. The third terminal of transistor Q15 is grounded. One end of pull-up resistor R156 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R155 and the negative terminal of reference power supply Q16. The other end of pull-up resistor R156 is grounded. The positive terminal of reference power supply Q16 is grounded.

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, the input terminal of the wide voltage comparator circuit is connected to an external power supply Ui and a reference voltage circuit. The wide voltage comparator circuit uses the circuit function of the comparator to compare the input power supply with reference voltage 1 and reference voltage 2 respectively, and then outputs the corresponding state result. The state result is used as a control signal to control the voltage gating circuit in the subsequent stage.

[0072] In this design, comparators U14 and U15 use the LM311 chip. The LM311 is a commonly used linear comparator with a wide operating voltage range. Pin 7 of the LM311 is the output, which is an open-collector structure, therefore a pull-up resistor is required. R151 and R152 in the diagram are the output pull-up resistors, and C116 and C117 are the output filter capacitors. To prevent ringing and oscillation of the output voltage, a value of 100nF is chosen. Figure 2 As shown, when the input power supply is greater than the reference voltage 1, the output SP1 is "high", and vice versa. Similarly, when the input power supply is greater than the reference voltage 2, the output SP2 is "high", and vice versa. The voltage can be decomposed into three segments by the high and low states of SP1 and SP2: 24V, 12V, and 5V.

[0073] Furthermore, the voltage selection circuit includes: a wide voltage selection circuit U24, a wide voltage selection circuit U12, and a wide voltage selection circuit U5.

[0074] The wide voltage selection circuit U24 includes: pull-up resistors R157, R158, R161, R163, PMOS transistors Q19 and Q22, and NMOS transistors Q18 and Q24; PMOS transistors Q19 and Q18 form a primary switch, and PMOS transistors Q22 and Q24 form a secondary switch.

[0075] The wide voltage selection circuit U12 includes: pull-up resistors R162, R164, R165, R167, PMOS transistors Q23 and Q26, and NMOS transistors Q25 and Q28; PMOS transistors Q23 and Q25 form a primary switch, and PMOS transistors Q26 and Q28 form a secondary switch.

[0076] The wide voltage selection circuit U5 includes: pull-up resistors R159, R160, R166, R168, PMOS transistors Q20 and Q27, and NMOS transistors Q21 and Q29; PMOS transistors Q20 and Q21 form a primary switch, and PMOS transistors Q27 and Q29 form a secondary switch.

[0077] One end of the pull-up resistor R157 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q19 are connected to the external power supply Ui. One end of the pull-up resistor R158 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q18 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP1. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q18 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R157 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q19. The other end of the pull-up resistor R158 is grounded. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q18 is grounded. The third end of the PMOS transistor Q19 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R161 and the PMOS transistor Q22. One end of the pull-up resistor R163 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q24 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP2. The other end of the pull-up resistor R163 is grounded. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q24 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R161 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q22. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q24 is grounded.

[0078] One end of the pull-up resistor R165 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q26 are connected to the external power supply Ui. One end of the pull-up resistor R167 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q28 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP1. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q28 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R165 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q26. The other end of the pull-up resistor R167 is grounded. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q28 is grounded. The third end of the PMOS transistor Q26 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R162 and the PMOS transistor Q23. One end of the pull-up resistor R164 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q25 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP2. The other end of the pull-up resistor R164 is grounded. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q25 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R162 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q23. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q25 is grounded.

[0079] One end of the pull-up resistor R159 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q20 are connected to the external power supply Ui. One end of the pull-up resistor R160 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q21 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP1. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q21 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R159 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q20. The other end of the pull-up resistor R160 is grounded. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q21 is grounded. The third end of the PMOS transistor Q20 is connected to the pull-up resistor R166 and one end of the PMOS transistor Q27. One end of the pull-up resistor R168 and one end of the NMOS transistor Q29 are connected to the wide voltage comparator circuit SP2. The other end of the pull-up resistor R168 is grounded. The other end of the NMOS transistor Q29 is connected to the other end of the pull-up resistor R166 and the other end of the PMOS transistor Q27. The third end of the NMOS transistor Q29 is grounded.

[0080] Different input power supply voltages require different downstream chip circuits. Incorrect power output can cause downstream circuitry to malfunction or even burn out. Therefore, it is necessary to select the output based on the identified input power supply voltage. The SP1 and SP2 signals output from the front-end wide voltage comparator circuit are used as input control signals for the voltage gating circuit. These control signals control the switching on and off of the switches in the voltage gating circuit, thereby enabling the selection of different input power supply voltages.

[0081] A switch can be formed by combining PMOS and NMOS transistors. MOS transistors have low on-resistance and fast turn-on speed, making them suitable for switching power supplies on and off. For example... Figure 5-6As shown, PMOS transistor Q26 and NMOS transistor Q28 form the first-stage switch, while Q23 and Q25 are PMOS transistors forming the second-stage switch. SP1 serves as a control signal, connected to the gate (G) of Q28, and SP2 serves as a control signal, connected to the gate (G) of Q25. When SP1 is "high," NMOS transistor Q28 is turned on, the gate (G) of Q26 is pulled low, Q26's Vgs is less than the turn-on threshold, PMOS transistor Q26 is turned on, and the input power supply enters the second-stage switch. When SP2 is "low," Q25 is turned on, the gate (G) of Q23 is pulled low, Q23's Vgs is less than the turn-on threshold, and PMOS transistor Q23 is turned on. Thus, the input power supply Ui passes through two stages of switches and is output to the subsequent unit.

[0082] Consulting the truth table of the wide-voltage comparator unit, we know that SP1 is "high" and SP2 is "low," corresponding to an input power supply Ui of 12V. Thus, when the input power supply is 12V, the circuit can conduct smoothly, achieving voltage selection and allowing the signal to enter the corresponding subsequent circuit device. It's worth noting that because of the junction capacitance between the gate and source (G) terminals of the MOSFET, it's difficult for the G and S terminals to discharge quickly once charged, potentially causing MOSFET malfunction. Therefore, a bleeder resistor of approximately 20K ohms is usually connected in parallel between the G and S terminals of the MOSFET, such as R167 and R164 in the diagram, to discharge the charge between the G and S terminals, accelerating the discharge speed and maintaining stable circuit operation. Similarly, the two-stage switching circuit composed of four MOSFETs (Q20, Q21, Q27, and Q29) allows selection when the input power supply Ui is within the 5V range. The two-stage switching circuit composed of four MOSFETs (Q19, Q18, Q22, and Q24) allows the input power supply Ui to be selected and passed to the subsequent 24V matching circuit device when it is at the 24V level.

[0083] Furthermore, the voltage output circuit includes: a 24V protection circuit, a 12V protection circuit, a 5V protection circuit, and a DC conversion circuit;

[0084] The 24V protection circuit is connected to the DC conversion circuit, the DC conversion circuit is connected to the 12V protection circuit, the 12V protection circuit is connected to the corresponding downstream circuit 1 of the downstream chip, and the 5V protection circuit is connected to the corresponding downstream circuit 2 of the downstream chip.

[0085] The wide voltage selection circuit U24 is connected to the 12V protection circuit, the wide voltage selection circuit U12 is connected to the 12V protection circuit, and the wide voltage selection circuit U5 is connected to the 5V protection circuit.

[0086] Furthermore, the protection circuit includes: bidirectional breakdown diode D127, polarized capacitor C928, diode D124, pull-up resistors R795, R796, R797, R798, R799, R800, Zener diode U39, capacitors C927, C933, C934, C935, transistors Q42 and Q61;

[0087] One end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D127, the positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C928, and the positive terminal of the diode D124 are connected to the wide voltage selection circuit. The other end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D127 is grounded, and the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C928 is grounded. The negative terminal of the diode D124 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R797, one end of the pull-up capacitor R796, the source terminal of transistor Q42, one end of the pull-up resistor R795, one end of capacitor C935, one end of capacitor C934, and the source terminal of transistor Q61. The other end of the pull-up resistor R797 is connected to one end of the pull-up resistor R799 and one end of the Zener diode U39. The other end of the pull-up resistor R799 is grounded. The other end of resistor R796 is connected to one end of pull-up resistor R800, the gate (G) terminal of transistor Q42, and the TP106 terminal. The other end of pull-up resistor R800 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode U39, and the anode of Zener diode U39 is grounded. The drain (D) terminal of transistor Q42 is connected to the other end of pull-up resistor R795, one end of pull-up resistor R798, the other end of capacitor C935, and the gate (G) terminal of transistor Q61. The other end of pull-up resistor R798 is grounded, and the other end of capacitor C934 is grounded. The drain (D) terminal of transistor Q61 is connected to one end of capacitor C927, one end of capacitor C933, and the V-24V terminal. The other ends of capacitors C927 and C933 are both grounded.

[0088] like Figure 7-8As shown, the outputs of the pre-stage voltage gating circuit are 24V, 12V, and 5V, corresponding to the 24V, 12V, and 5V protection circuits in the voltage output circuit, respectively. Specifically, after U24 input enters the voltage output circuit, it first passes through the 24V protection circuit for appropriate protection of the power input, and then through the 24V-12V DC conversion circuit to output 12V power. The 12V output and the output of U12 from the voltage gating circuit are both connected to the 12V protection circuit, thus achieving compatibility between 24V and 12V power supplies. This ensures that regardless of whether the initial power input is 24V or 12V, the subsequent circuit equipment can operate normally and safely. Similarly, the power supply of U5 also passes through the 5V protection circuit subunit before being supplied to the subsequent circuit equipment. Since 5V and 12V are rarely directly compatible in actual products, 5V is supplied to the subsequent circuit equipment through a separate channel, thereby protecting 5V-class electronic equipment.

[0089] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A wide supply voltage input auto-adaptation control circuit, characterized by, The voltage identification circuit, the voltage gating circuit, and the voltage output circuit are included. A first input terminal of the voltage identification circuit is connected with an external power supply Ui, and an output terminal of the voltage identification circuit is connected with an input terminal of the voltage gating circuit to transmit a voltage signal of the external power supply Ui to the voltage gating circuit. The voltage output circuit is multiple, different input terminals of different voltage output circuits are connected with different output terminals of the voltage gating circuit, and output terminals of different voltage output circuits are used to connect different subsequent chips. The voltage gating circuit is used to gate different voltage output circuits according to the size of the voltage signal, and the voltage output circuit is used to convert the voltage signal into a required voltage for output to the corresponding subsequent chip.

2. The wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage identification circuit comprises a reference voltage circuit and a wide voltage comparison circuit. Input terminals of the wide voltage comparison circuit are respectively connected with the external power supply Ui and an output terminal of the reference voltage circuit, and an output terminal of the wide voltage comparison circuit is connected with an input terminal of the voltage gating circuit.

3. The wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit according to claim 2, wherein the reference voltage circuit comprises a reference voltage circuit Uout1 and a reference voltage circuit Uout2. The reference voltage circuit Uout1 comprises a diode D22, a resistor R141, a transistor Q12, pull-up resistors R142, R143, R144, and a reference reference power supply Q8. The reference voltage circuit Uout2 comprises a diode D23, a resistor R145, a transistor Q13, pull-up resistors R146, R147, R148, and a reference reference power supply Q14. Positive poles of the diodes D22 and D23 are respectively connected with the external power supply Ui, negative poles of the diodes D22 and D23 are respectively connected with one end of the resistors R141 and R145, the other end of the resistor R141 is connected with one end of the transistor Q12, one end of the pull-up resistor R142, and one end of the pull-up resistor R143, the other end of the transistor Q12 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R142 and a negative pole of the reference reference power supply Q8, and a third end of the transistor Q12 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R145 is connected with one end of the transistor Q13, one end of the pull-up resistor R146, and one end of the pull-up resistor R147, the other end of the transistor Q13 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R146 and a negative pole of the reference reference power supply Q14, and a third end of the transistor Q13 is grounded. One end of the pull-up resistor R148 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R147 and a negative pole of the reference reference power supply Q14, the other end of the pull-up resistor R148 is grounded, and a positive pole of the reference reference power supply Q14 is grounded. ​ 4. The wide supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit according to claim 3, wherein the wide voltage comparison circuit comprises: a wide voltage comparison circuit SP1, a wide voltage comparison circuit SP2, a power-off holding circuit VCC1; the wide voltage comparison circuit SP1 comprises: a resistor R149, a comparator U14, a capacitor C116, a pull-up resistor R151, a bidirectional breakdown diode D24; the wide voltage comparison circuit SP1 comprises: a resistor R150, a comparator U15, a capacitor C117, a pull-up resistor R152, a bidirectional breakdown diode D25; the power-off holding circuit VCC1 comprises: a diode D26, a resistor R153, a transistor Q15, pull-up resistors R154, R155, R156, a reference voltage source Q16; one end of the resistor R149 is connected with an external power supply Ui, the reverse input end of the comparator U14 is connected with the other end of the resistor R149, the positive input end of the comparator U14 is connected with a reference voltage circuit Uout1, the positive power supply end of the comparator U14 is grounded, the negative power supply end of the comparator U14 is connected with the power-off holding circuit VCC1, the output end of the comparator U14 is connected with one end of the capacitor C116, one end of the pull-up resistor R151 and one end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D24, the other end of the capacitor C116 is grounded, the other end of the pull-up resistor R151 is connected with the power-off holding circuit VCC1, and the other end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D24 is grounded; one end of the resistor R150 is connected with the external power supply Ui, the reverse input end of the comparator U15 is connected with the other end of the resistor R150, the positive input end of the comparator U15 is connected with a reference voltage circuit Uout2, the positive power supply end of the comparator U15 is grounded, the negative power supply end of the comparator U15 is connected with the power-off holding circuit VCC1, the output end of the comparator U15 is connected with one end of the capacitor C117, one end of the pull-up resistor R152 and one end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D25, the other end of the capacitor C117 is grounded, the other end of the pull-up resistor R152 is connected with the power-off holding circuit VCC1, and the other end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D25 is grounded; the positive electrode of the diode D26 is connected with the external power supply Ui, the negative electrode of the diode D26 is connected with one end of the resistor R153, the other end of the resistor R153 is connected with one end of the transistor Q15, one end of the pull-up resistor R154 and one end of the pull-up resistor R155, the other end of the transistor Q15 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R154 and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source Q16, the third end of the transistor Q15 is grounded, one end of the pull-up resistor R156 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R155 and the negative electrode of the reference voltage source Q16, the other end of the pull-up resistor R156 is grounded, and the positive electrode of the reference voltage source Q16 is grounded.

5. The wide supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit according to claim 4, wherein ​ The voltage selection circuit comprises: a wide voltage selection circuit U24, a wide voltage selection circuit U12, a wide voltage selection circuit U5, The wide voltage selection circuit U24 comprises: pull-up resistors R157, R158, R161, R163, PMOS Q19, Q22, NMOS Q18, Q24; the PMOS Q19 and the NMOS Q18 constitute a primary switch, and the PMOS Q22 and the NMOS Q24 constitute a secondary switch; The wide voltage selection circuit U12 comprises: pull-up resistors R162, R164, R165, R167, PMOS Q23, Q26, NMOS Q25, Q28; the PMOS Q23 and the NMOS Q25 constitute a primary switch, and the PMOS Q26 and the NMOS Q28 constitute a secondary switch; The wide voltage selection circuit U5 comprises: pull-up resistors R159, R160, R166, R168, PMOS Q20, Q27, NMOS Q21, Q29; the PMOS Q20 and the NMOS Q21 constitute a primary switch, and the PMOS Q27 and the NMOS Q29 constitute a secondary switch; One end of the pull-up resistor R157 and one end of the PMOS Q19 are connected with an external power supply Ui, one end of the pull-up resistor R158 and one end of the NMOS Q18 are connected with a wide voltage comparison circuit SP1, the other end of the NMOS Q18 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R157 and the other end of the PMOS Q19, the other end of the pull-up resistor R158 is grounded, the third end of the NMOS Q18 is grounded, the third end of the PMOS Q19 is connected with the pull-up resistor R161 and one end of the PMOS Q22, one end of the pull-up resistor R163 and one end of the NMOS Q24 are connected with the wide voltage comparison circuit SP2, the other end of the pull-up resistor R163 is grounded, the other end of the NMOS Q24 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor 161 and the other end of the PMOS Q22, and the third end of the NMOS Q24 is grounded; One end of the pull-up resistor R165, one end of the PMOS tube Q26 are connected with the external power supply Ui, one end of the pull-up resistor R167, one end of the NMOS tube Q28 are connected with the wide voltage comparison circuit SP1, the other end of the NMOS tube Q28 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R165, the other end of the PMOS tube Q26, the other end of the pull-up resistor R167 is grounded, the third end of the NMOS tube Q28 is grounded, the third end of the PMOS tube Q26 is connected with the pull-up resistor R162, one end of the PMOS tube Q23, one end of the pull-up resistor R164, the NMOS tube Q25 are connected with the wide voltage comparison circuit SP2, the other end of the pull-up resistor R164 is grounded, the other end of the NMOS tube Q25 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor 162, the other end of the PMOS tube Q23, the third end of the NMOS tube Q25 is grounded; One end of the pull-up resistor R159, one end of the PMOS tube Q20 are connected with the external power supply Ui, one end of the pull-up resistor R160, one end of the NMOS tube Q21 are connected with the wide voltage comparison circuit SP1, the other end of the NMOS tube Q21 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R159, the other end of the PMOS tube Q20, the other end of the pull-up resistor R160 is grounded, the third end of the NMOS tube Q21 is grounded, the third end of the PMOS tube Q20 is connected with the pull-up resistor R166, one end of the PMOS tube Q27, one end of the pull-up resistor R168, the NMOS tube Q29 are connected with the wide voltage comparison circuit SP2, the other end of the pull-up resistor R168 is grounded, the other end of the NMOS tube Q29 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor 166, the other end of the PMOS tube Q27, the third end of the NMOS tube Q29 is grounded.

6. The wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit according to claim 5, wherein The voltage output circuit comprises: a 24V protection circuit, a 12V protection circuit, a 5V protection circuit, a DC conversion circuit; The 24V protection circuit is connected with the DC conversion circuit, the DC conversion circuit is connected with the 12V protection circuit, the 12V protection circuit is connected with the rear-stage circuit 1 corresponding to the rear-stage chip, and the 5V protection circuit is connected with the rear-stage circuit 2 corresponding to the rear-stage chip. The wide voltage selection circuit U24 is connected with the 12V protection circuit, the wide voltage selection circuit U12 is connected with the 12V protection circuit, and the wide voltage selection circuit U5 is connected with the 5V protection circuit.

7. The wide power supply voltage input automatic adaptation control circuit according to claim 6, wherein The protection circuit comprises: a bidirectional breakdown diode D127, a polar capacitor C928, a diode D124, pull-up resistors R795, R796, R797, R798, R799, R800, a voltage stabilizing diode U39, capacitors C927, C933, C934, C935, transistors Q42, Q61. One end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D127, the positive pole of the polarized capacitor C928, and the positive pole of the diode D124 are connected with the wide voltage selection circuit, the other end of the bidirectional breakdown diode D127 is grounded, the negative pole of the polarized capacitor C928 is grounded, the negative pole of the diode D124 is connected with one end of the pull-up resistor R797, one end of the pull-up transistor R796, the S end of the transistor Q42, one end of the pull-up resistor R795, one end of the capacitor C935, one end of the capacitor C934, and the S end of the transistor Q61, the other end of the pull-up resistor R797 is connected with one end of the pull-up resistor R799 and one end of the voltage stabilizing diode U39, the other end of the pull-up resistor R799 is grounded, the other end of the pull-up transistor R796 is connected with one end of the pull-up resistor R800, the G end of the transistor Q42, and the TP106 end, the other end of the pull-up resistor R800 is connected with the negative pole of the voltage stabilizing diode U39, the positive pole of the voltage stabilizing diode U39 is grounded, the D end of the transistor Q42 is connected with the other end of the pull-up resistor R795, one end of the pull-up resistor R798, the other end of the capacitor C935, and the G end of the transistor Q61, the other end of the pull-up resistor R798 is grounded, the other end of the capacitor C934 is grounded, the D end of the transistor Q61 is connected with one end of the capacitor C927, one end of the capacitor C933, and the V-24V end, and the other ends of the capacitor C927 and the capacitor C933 are grounded.

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