Large-diameter thin-walled workpiece machining tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tools for large-diameter thin-walled workpieces, in particular to a tool for machining large-diameter thin-walled workpieces, which comprises a three-jaw self-centering chuck, three fan-shaped jaws, foot cups and a gland. A lower spigot matched with the end of the large-diameter thin-wall part is formed in the outer side face of the fan-shaped claw, a supporting device used for installing and supporting a foot cup on the inner surface of the large-diameter thin-wall part is arranged between the gland and the fan-shaped claw, and an upper spigot matched with the end of the large-diameter thin-wall part is formed in the lower portion of the gland. After the large-diameter thin-wall part is placed between the fan-shaped claw and the gland, the gland is fixedly connected with the fan-shaped claw. The large-diameter thin-wall part machining tool effectively solves the problems that in the large-diameter thin-wall part machining process, clamping is difficult, deformation is prone to occurring, and the wall thickness is uneven, and has the remarkable technical effects of being simple in structure, low in cost, high in positioning precision, good in rigidity, convenient to operate and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tooling technology for large-diameter thin-walled parts, and specifically to a tooling for processing large-diameter thin-walled parts. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, the processing of large-diameter, thin-walled parts has always been a technical challenge. These parts have unique structural characteristics, leading to numerous challenges in their machining process and severely impacting processing quality and production efficiency.

[0003] The main characteristics of large-diameter, thin-walled parts are their thin walls and the difficulty in clamping them. For example... Figure 1 The large-diameter, thin-walled part shown is nearly 1 meter in diameter, with the thinnest wall thickness at the machining area being only 0.8 mm, and the wall thickness at the clamping area being only 1.5 mm. This thin-walled structure makes the part extremely prone to deformation during clamping. Due to the insufficient wall thickness, the part itself has low strength and cannot withstand the pressure applied by traditional clamping methods. Under the action of clamping force, the part is prone to elastic or plastic deformation, causing the part's shape and dimensional accuracy to deviate from the design requirements.

[0004] Meanwhile, parts are also prone to deformation during machining. During machining, the cutting tool applies cutting forces to the part, and the added heat from cutting exacerbates the insufficient rigidity of thin-walled parts. Cutting forces can cause bending or twisting deformation, while cutting heat can lead to thermal expansion or localized changes in material properties, further aggravating the deformation. This machining deformation not only results in parts failing to meet dimensional accuracy requirements but can also affect surface quality and shape accuracy, even rendering the part scrap and wasting raw materials and processing costs.

[0005] Furthermore, the precision of machined parts is difficult to guarantee, failing to meet actual usage requirements. Due to deformation issues during clamping and machining, key precision indicators such as dimensional tolerances and geometric tolerances are difficult to control within acceptable ranges. For example, the roundness, cylindricity, and coaxiality tolerances of parts may exceed the design allowable range, leading to problems such as poor fit and unstable movement during assembly or use, seriously affecting the performance and reliability of the entire mechanical system.

[0006] In summary, the difficulties in clamping large-diameter, thin-walled parts, their susceptibility to deformation during machining, and the inability to meet post-machining accuracy requirements severely restrict the high-quality machining and production efficiency improvement of such parts. Therefore, developing a machining fixture that can effectively solve these problems is of significant practical importance. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts. This fixture effectively solves the difficulties in clamping, easy deformation, and uneven wall thickness during the machining process of large-diameter thin-walled parts. It has significant technical advantages such as simple structure, low cost, high positioning accuracy, good rigidity, and convenient operation, providing an efficient and reliable machining solution for thin-walled parts in the field of machining.

[0008] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts includes a three-jaw self-centering chuck, fan-shaped jaws, foot cups, and a pressure cap. The three fan-shaped jaws are respectively fixedly installed on the three jaws of the three-jaw self-centering chuck. A lower stop is provided on the outer side of the fan-shaped jaws to mate with the end of the large-diameter thin-walled part. A support device for installing and supporting the foot cups on the inner surface of the large-diameter thin-walled part is provided between the pressure cap and the fan-shaped jaws. An upper stop is provided at the lower part of the pressure cap to mate with the end of the large-diameter thin-walled part. After the large-diameter thin-walled part is placed between the fan-shaped jaws and the pressure cap, the pressure cap is fixedly connected to the fan-shaped jaws.

[0010] The side of the upper stop of the gland is set as a conical surface.

[0011] The support device consists of several layers of vertical plate rings from bottom to top. Each layer of vertical plate ring includes three vertical plates. The three vertical plates of the bottom layer are fixed on the fan-shaped claws to form a vertical plate ring concentric with the three-claw self-centering chuck. The vertical plates of the other layers of vertical plate rings are sequentially fixed and connected to the vertical plates of the next layer of vertical plate rings.

[0012] The top of the upright plate has three sets of mounting holes for alternating threaded connection with another upright plate. Each set of mounting holes includes a countersunk bolt hole B and a layer connection threaded hole. The positions of the countersunk bolt hole B and the layer connection threaded hole in the mounting holes of the upper and lower adjacent upright plates are interchanged. The upper and lower upright plates are fixedly connected by threading a bolt through the countersunk bolt hole B of the upper upright plate and the layer connection threaded hole of the lower upright plate.

[0013] The side plates of the upright plate are evenly distributed with several threaded holes for installing the foot cups.

[0014] The gland and the sector claw are fixedly connected by a double-ended stud and a nut. The top of the sector claw is provided with a stud connection thread hole that mates with one end of the double-ended stud. The other end of the double-ended stud passes through the through hole on the gland and is threaded with the nut to fasten the gland and the sector claw.

[0015] The top of the fan-shaped claw is provided with a vertical plate mounting threaded hole for mounting the vertical plate.

[0016] The top of the fan-shaped claw is provided with a countersunk bolt hole A for fixed connection with the three-jaw self-centering chuck using screws.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] 1. This utility model discloses a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts, which improves the reliability and accuracy of clamping: Utilizing a combination structure of a three-jaw self-centering chuck and a fan-shaped jaw, the lower stop precisely engages with the end of the part, achieving rapid and reliable positioning of the part. Combined with the upper stop (including a conical structure) of the pressure cap, it forms dual axial and radial constraints on the part, effectively dispersing clamping force and avoiding localized stress concentration caused by traditional fixtures on thin-walled parts, significantly reducing the risk of clamping deformation and ensuring the part maintains stable shape and positional accuracy throughout the machining process. Through the rigid connection between the fan-shaped jaw and the three-jaw self-centering chuck, and the concentric design of the vertical plate ring in the support device, the entire fixture system maintains extremely high coaxiality during rotation. This characteristic directly improves the roundness, cylindricity, and other geometric tolerances of the machined part, solving the machining error problem caused by eccentric vibration in thin-walled parts.

[0019] 2. This utility model discloses a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts, which enhances machining rigidity and stability: the support device composed of multi-layer vertical plate rings and universal feet can flexibly adjust the number of layers and support points according to the size of the part, achieving full coverage and adaptive support of the inner surface of the part. Under the action of cutting force, the support device effectively counteracts the vibration and deformation trend of the part through multi-point and uniform support force distribution, significantly improving the rigidity of the machining process and ensuring the uniformity of the wall thickness and surface quality of the part; the rigid connection structure of the double-ended stud and nut, as well as the stable thread fixing method between the vertical plates, ensure that the fixture can maintain structural integrity under high-speed cutting or heavy-load conditions, avoiding the fluctuation of machining dimensions caused by tooling loosening or offset, so that the machining dimension stability of the part reaches the industry-leading level.

[0020] 3. This utility model discloses a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts, which optimizes versatility and economy: the adjustable number of support layers, the differentiated design of the vertical plate height, and the flexible installation method of the feet enable the fixture to adapt to large-diameter thin-walled parts with different diameters, heights, and wall thicknesses, significantly reducing the tooling development costs and inventory pressure for enterprises dealing with a variety of parts; the use of standardized bolts, studs, and threaded hole connections, combined with lightweight materials such as aluminum fan-shaped claws, significantly reduces manufacturing costs while ensuring the strength of the fixture; in addition, the fixture has a simple structure and is easy to assemble, reducing processing preparation time and reliance on highly skilled workers, and improving overall production efficiency by more than 30%. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The advantages and solutions of this application will become clear to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[0022] In the attached diagram:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a large-diameter thin-walled part to be processed;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to an embodiment of the present utility model during use.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a large-diameter thin-walled part processing fixture after the hidden pressure cap is concealed, according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a vertical plate for machining a large-diameter thin-walled part according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a fan-shaped claw in a machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a pressure cap for a large-diameter thin-walled part processing fixture according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] The components represented by the various reference numerals in the diagram are:

[0031] This utility model includes: 1. a large-diameter thin-walled component; 2. a three-jaw self-centering chuck; 3. a fan-shaped claw; 31. a lower stop; 32. a positioning surface; 33. a countersunk bolt hole A; 34. a stud connection threaded hole; 35. a vertical plate mounting threaded hole; 4. a vertical plate; 41. a countersunk bolt hole B; 42. a layer connection threaded hole; 43. a foot cup threaded hole; 5. a foot cup; 6. a pressure cap; 61. an upper stop; 62. a conical surface; 7. a double-ended stud; 8. a nut; and 9. a bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0032] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts includes a three-jaw self-centering chuck 2, a fan-shaped jaw 3, a foot cup 5, and a pressure cap 6.

[0033] Three fan-shaped claws 3 are fixedly installed on the three claws of the three-jaw self-centering chuck 2, and the fan-shaped claws 3 are aluminum soft claws.

[0034] like Figure 6As shown, the outer side of the fan-shaped claw 3 is provided with a lower stop 31 and a positioning surface 32 that mate with the end of the large-diameter thin-walled part 1. The top of the fan-shaped claw 3 is provided with a vertical plate mounting threaded hole 35 for mounting the vertical plate 4, a countersunk bolt hole A33 for fixing with the three-jaw self-centering chuck 2 using screws, and a stud connection threaded hole 34 that mates with one end of the double-ended stud 7.

[0035] A support device is provided between the pressure cap 6 and the fan-shaped claw 3 for installing the foot cup 5 that supports the inner surface of the large-diameter thin-walled part 1.

[0036] The foot cup 5 is a universal adjustable all-nylon foot cup with model number WAG01-D50-M12-L150.

[0037] like Figure 7 As shown, the lower part of the pressure cap 6 is provided with an upper stop 61 that mates with the end of the large-diameter thin-walled component 1. After the large-diameter thin-walled component 1 is placed between the fan-shaped claw 3 and the pressure cap 6, the pressure cap 6 is fixedly connected to the fan-shaped claw 3. The side of the upper stop 61 of the pressure cap 6 is provided as a conical surface 62.

[0038] The support device consists of several layers of vertical plate rings from bottom to top. Each layer of vertical plate ring includes three vertical plates 4. The three vertical plates 4 of the bottom layer are fixed on the fan-shaped claw 3 to form a vertical plate ring concentric with the three-claw self-centering chuck 2. The vertical plates 4 of the other layers of vertical plate rings are sequentially fixed and connected to the vertical plates 4 of the next layer of vertical plate ring.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the top of the upright plate 4 has three sets of mounting holes for alternating threaded connection with another upright plate 4. Each set of mounting holes includes a countersunk bolt hole B41 and a layer connection threaded hole 42. The positions of the countersunk bolt hole B41 and the layer connection threaded hole 42 in the mounting holes on the upper and lower adjacent upright plates 4 are interchanged. The upper and lower upright plates 4 are fixedly connected by bolts 9 passing through the countersunk bolt hole B41 of the upper upright plate 4 and threadedly connecting it with the layer connection threaded hole 42 of the lower upright plate. The side plate of the upright plate 4 has several foot cup threaded holes 43 for mounting foot cups 5.

[0040] The pressure cap 6 and the sector claw 3 are fixedly connected by a double-ended stud 7 and a nut 8. A stud connection threaded hole 34 that mates with one end of the double-ended stud 7 is provided on the top of the sector claw 3. The other end of the double-ended stud 7 passes through the through hole provided on the pressure cap 6 and is threadedly engaged with the nut 8 to fasten the pressure cap 6 and the sector claw 3. Example

[0041] A D800 type three-jaw self-centering chuck 2 is selected and equipped with a fan-shaped aluminum soft jaw 3. According to the drawing dimensions of the large-diameter thin-walled part 1, the fan-shaped jaw 3 is machined on a lathe. The lower stop 31 and the positioning surface 32 that mate with the end of the part are machined on its outer side. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the lower stop 31 should meet the clamping requirements of the part, and the positioning surface 32 should ensure good contact with the end face of the part to ensure the positioning accuracy of the part during clamping.

[0042] At the top of the sector claw 3, an auxiliary support device is installed on the sector claw 3 by bolts. The auxiliary support device consists of several layers of vertical plate rings. Each layer of vertical plate ring includes three vertical plates 4. M12 threaded holes are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the vertical plates 4 for installing universal foot cups 5. During installation, the three lowest vertical plates 4 are first fixed to the sector claw 3 by bolts to form a vertical plate ring concentric with the three-jaw self-centering chuck 2. Then, according to the height of the parts and processing requirements, the vertical plates 4 of other layers of vertical plate rings are fixedly connected to the vertical plates 4 of the next layer of vertical plate rings in sequence. The top of the vertical plate 4 is evenly distributed with three sets of mounting holes for alternating threaded connection with another vertical plate 4. Each set of mounting holes includes a countersunk bolt hole B41 and a layer connection threaded hole 42. The positions of the countersunk bolt hole B41 and the layer connection threaded hole 42 in the mounting holes of the upper and lower adjacent vertical plates 4 are interchanged. During installation, the bolt 9 is threaded through the countersunk bolt hole B41 of the upper vertical plate 4 and threaded to the layer connection threaded hole 42 of the lower vertical plate to fix the upper and lower vertical plates 4. Through this alternating threaded connection method, the number of layers and height of the auxiliary support device can be flexibly adjusted as needed to adapt to the processing requirements of large-diameter thin-walled parts of different sizes and shapes.

[0043] Place the large-diameter thin-walled part 1 into the stop of the fan-shaped claw 3, so that it falls accurately on the positioning surface 32. Then, operate the handle of the three-jaw self-centering chuck 2 to tighten the jaws and firmly fix the part by clamping the inner hole of the part. At this time, the lower stop of the part has been rounded under the support of the fan-shaped claw 3, ensuring the initial shape accuracy of the part after clamping. During the clamping process, pay attention to controlling the size of the clamping force to avoid deformation of the part due to excessive clamping force.

[0044] On the machine tool, install the dial indicator in a suitable position so that its head presses against the appropriate position on the outer circle of the large-diameter thin-walled part 1. Then, install the M12 screws of the 216 universal support feet 5 into the M12 threaded holes on the outer cylindrical surface of the vertical plate 4. Adjust the position and angle of the universal support feet 5 by rotating the adjustment handle to ensure that it can accurately support the inner surface of the part. During the adjustment process, closely observe the changes in the dial indicator reading to ensure that the runout of the outer cylindrical surface of the part in all directions meets the processing requirements. When the dial indicator reading reaches the qualified range, use the M12 nut to lock the foot screws to the inner cylindrical surface of the vertical plate to prevent the feet from loosening during processing.

[0045] The cap 6 with a tapered stop is carefully pressed onto the upper stop of the large-diameter thin-walled part 1. The lower part of the cap 6 is provided with an upper stop 61 that mates with the end of the part. The side of the upper stop 61 is set as a tapered surface 62. During the pressing process, it is necessary to ensure that the cap 6 and the upper stop of the part are tightly fitted, and that the tapered surface 62 can fully fit with the end face of the part to provide sufficient clamping force and positioning accuracy. The cap 6 and the sector claw 3 are fixedly connected by a double-ended stud 7 and a nut 8. The top of the sector claw 3 is provided with a stud connection threaded hole 34 that mates with one end of the double-ended stud 7. The other end of the double-ended stud 7 passes through the through hole on the cap 6 and is threaded into the nut 8. By tightening the nut 8, the cap 6 and the sector claw 3 are fastened, and the clamping process of the part is completed.

[0046] This fixture for machining large-diameter thin-walled parts features a simple design and strong practicality: The fixture structure is concise and clear, with well-defined connections and fits between components, making it easy to manufacture and assemble. Its design fully considers the machining characteristics of large-diameter thin-walled parts, enabling quick and effective solutions to machining problems in actual production, thus demonstrating strong practicality. It is also low-cost: the fixture primarily uses conventional machined parts, such as a three-jaw self-centering chuck, aluminum soft jaws, upright plates, and feet. These parts are widely available and relatively inexpensive, reducing the manufacturing cost of the fixture. Furthermore, the fixture's simple structure and low maintenance and repair costs further enhance its economic efficiency. Finally, it achieves high positioning accuracy for machined parts: by self-machining the stop and positioning edge on the fan-shaped jaws... The positioning surface and the use of a pressure cap with a tapered stop enable high-precision positioning of large-diameter thin-walled parts. During clamping, the parts can be accurately placed in the predetermined position, reducing the impact of clamping errors on machining accuracy and ensuring the dimensional and shape accuracy of the parts after machining. Good rigidity ensures that the parts do not deform and that the machined dimensions are stable. By installing auxiliary support modules on the fan-shaped claws and setting multiple universal support feet on the inner surface of the parts, all-round and stable support can be provided for the parts. During machining, these support structures can effectively resist the influence of cutting forces and vibrations on the parts, improve the machining rigidity of the parts, reduce deformation, and thus ensure the stability of the machined dimensions and improve the machining quality of the parts.

Claims

1. A tooling for machining large-diameter thin-walled parts, characterized in that, The device includes a three-jaw self-centering chuck (2), a fan-shaped claw (3), a foot cup (5), and a pressure cap (6). The three fan-shaped claws (3) are fixedly installed on the three claws of the three-jaw self-centering chuck (2). A lower stop (31) that mates with the end of the large-diameter thin-walled component (1) is provided on the outer side of the fan-shaped claw (3). A support device for installing and supporting the foot cup (5) that supports the inner surface of the large-diameter thin-walled component (1) is provided between the pressure cap (6) and the fan-shaped claw (3). An upper stop (61) that mates with the end of the large-diameter thin-walled component (1) is provided at the lower part of the pressure cap (6). After the large-diameter thin-walled component (1) is placed between the fan-shaped claw (3) and the pressure cap (6), the pressure cap (6) is fixedly connected to the fan-shaped claw (3).

2. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the upper stop (61) of the pressure cap (6) is set as a conical surface (62).

3. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device consists of several layers of vertical plate rings from bottom to top. Each layer of vertical plate ring includes three vertical plates (4). The three vertical plates (4) of the bottom layer are fixed on the fan-shaped claw (3) to form a vertical plate ring concentric with the three-claw self-centering chuck (2). The vertical plates (4) of the other layers of vertical plate rings are sequentially fixed and connected to the vertical plates (4) of the next layer of vertical plate rings.

4. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the vertical plate (4) is evenly distributed with three sets of mounting holes for alternating threaded connection with another vertical plate (4). Each set of mounting holes includes a countersunk bolt hole B (41) and a layer connection threaded hole (42). The positions of the countersunk bolt hole B (41) and the layer connection threaded hole (42) in the mounting holes on the upper and lower adjacent vertical plates (4) are interchanged. The upper and lower vertical plates (4) are fixedly connected by a bolt (9) passing through the countersunk bolt hole B (41) of the upper vertical plate (4) and threadedly connecting it with the layer connection threaded hole (42) of the lower vertical plate.

5. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The side plate of the upright plate (4) is evenly distributed with a number of foot cup threaded holes (43) for installing foot cups (5).

6. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure cap (6) and the fan claw (3) are fixedly connected by a double-ended stud (7) and a nut (8). A stud connection threaded hole (34) that mates with one end of the double-ended stud (7) is provided on the top of the fan claw (3). The other end of the double-ended stud (7) passes through the through hole provided on the pressure cap (6) and is threadedly engaged with the nut (8) to fasten the pressure cap (6) and the fan claw (3).

7. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the fan-shaped claw (3) is provided with a vertical plate mounting threaded hole (35) for mounting the vertical plate (4).

8. The machining fixture for large-diameter thin-walled parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the fan-shaped claw (3) is provided with a countersunk bolt hole A (33) for fixed connection with the three-jaw self-centering chuck (2) using screws.

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