Panel satellite vibration test tool
By designing a detachable extension support and vibration table assembly, the problems of large size, complex structure, and high cost of vibration test fixtures for large aerospace products were solved. This enabled triaxial vibration testing of large aerospace products within a limited space, reducing costs and improving testing efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423321953.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing vibration testing fixtures for large aerospace products are bulky, complex in structure, difficult to manufacture, and costly, making it difficult to conduct effective vibration tests in a limited space.
A vibration test fixture for flat satellites, comprising a vibration table assembly, an extension support, and a fixture frame, has been designed. The extension support allows for detachable installation on the vibration table assembly, enabling vibration transmission and response. It is suitable for mounting and fixing the satellite under test for vibration tests in the X, Y, and Z directions.
The three-dimensional vibration test of a large satellite under test was realized on a smaller vibration table assembly and tooling frame, which reduced manufacturing and maintenance costs and improved testing efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN223940490U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of flat-plate satellite vibration testing technology, and in particular to a flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the test fixtures used for vibration testing of large aerospace products, such as rockets and satellites, are mostly large forgings. To meet rigidity and weight requirements, these large test fixtures are generally bulky, complex in structure, difficult to form during manufacturing, have long manufacturing cycles, and extremely high overall costs. Therefore, conducting vibration tests under the premise of limited test fixture size is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This utility model provides a flat-plate satellite vibration test fixture, which includes a vibration table assembly and an extension support. The extension support is detachably installed on the vibration table assembly. The extension support is used to install and fix the satellite under test. The extension support is also used to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration table assembly to the satellite under test, so as to conduct a flat-plate satellite vibration test on the satellite under test.
[0004] Furthermore, the vibration table assembly includes a vibration table body, a horizontal slide, and a vertical extension stage. The horizontal slide is disposed on one side of the vibration table body in the horizontal direction, and the vertical extension stage is disposed above the vibration table body. The vibration table body is used to drive the horizontal slide to vibrate in the horizontal direction, and the vibration table body is also used to drive the vertical extension stage to vibrate in the vertical direction. The extension support is disposed on either the horizontal slide or the vertical extension stage.
[0005] Furthermore, it also includes a horizontal base, which is connected to the horizontal slide and the horizontal slide is slidable relative to the horizontal base. The bottom end of the horizontal base is disposed on the ground, and the horizontal slide is disposed at the top end of the horizontal base.
[0006] Furthermore, it also includes a tooling frame, which includes a platform section and a stair section. The platform section is set on the ground by a support column located below it. The platform section surrounds the periphery of the vibration table body and is fixedly connected to the vibration table body. The stair section is set on one side of the platform section in the horizontal direction, and the upper and lower ends of the stair section are located on the platform section and the ground, respectively.
[0007] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary support platform, which is connected to the vertical extension platform and the vertical extension platform can slide relative to the auxiliary support platform. The auxiliary support platform is disposed above the vibration table body and between the vertical extension platform and the vibration table body.
[0008] Furthermore, the extended support includes a base portion, a support surface, and a support portion that are integrally connected and form a basin shape. The support surface extends obliquely upward from the edge of the base portion. The support portion is disposed above the base portion and is used to install and fix the satellite under test. The base portion is used to assemble and be integrally connected with either the horizontal slide or the vertical extended stage. The base portion is also used to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration table assembly to the support portion, and the support portion is used to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration table assembly to the satellite under test.
[0009] Furthermore, the chassis portion includes a chassis body, a first bottom edge beam, a second bottom edge beam, and a third bottom edge beam. The first bottom edge beam, the second bottom edge beam, and the third bottom edge beam are respectively located on the edge of the chassis body and are fixedly connected to the chassis body as a whole. The first bottom edge beam, the second bottom edge beam, and the third bottom edge beam form a triangle.
[0010] Furthermore, the supporting surface includes a first facade, a second facade, and a third facade. The first facade is formed by extending obliquely upward from the first bottom edge beam. The second facade is formed by extending obliquely upward from the second bottom edge beam. The third facade is formed by extending obliquely upward from the third bottom edge beam. The left and right ends of the first facade are connected to the second facade and the third facade, respectively. The left and right ends of the second facade are connected to the first facade and the third facade, respectively. The left and right ends of the third facade are connected to the first facade and the second facade, respectively.
[0011] Furthermore, the extended support also includes an inverted conical support, the upper and lower ends of which are connected to the support portion and the satellite under test, respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, the inverted cone support includes an inverted cone top surface, an inverted cone bottom surface, an inverted cone reinforcing rib, and an inverted cone body. The inverted cone top surface is used to connect with the satellite under test and is located at the top of the inverted cone support. The inverted cone bottom surface is used to connect with the support portion and is located at the bottom of the inverted cone support. The inverted cone top surface and the inverted cone bottom surface are annular and concentrically arranged. The outer diameter of the inverted cone top surface is larger than the outer diameter of the inverted cone bottom surface. The inverted cone reinforcing rib is connected between the inverted cone top surface and the inverted cone bottom surface. The inverted cone body is connected between the inverted cone top surface, the inverted cone bottom surface, and the inverted cone reinforcing rib.
[0013] The flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture provided by this utility model is an extended support that can respond to and transmit the vibration of the vibration table assembly, enabling vibration testing of a relatively large satellite to be tested on a relatively small vibration table assembly and fixture frame, resulting in excellent economic benefits. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture provided by this utility model.
[0015] Figure 2 This is a top view of the extension support in this utility model.
[0016] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the extension support in this utility model.
[0017] Figure 4 This is a side view of the extension support in this utility model.
[0018] Figure 5 This is another top view of the extension support in this utility model.
[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inverted cone support in this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model in order to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., in the specification and claims of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.
[0022] The plate satellite vibration testing fixture provided by this utility model can be used to conduct vibration tests on large aerospace products in a test environment with limited space, such as conducting X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis vibration tests on plate stacked satellites respectively.
[0023] Please see Figure 1 The present invention relates to a flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture, comprising a vibration table assembly 8, an extension support, and a fixture frame 9. The vibration table assembly 8 and the fixture frame 9 are fixedly connected as a single unit. The extension support is detachably mounted on the vibration table assembly 8 for mounting and fixing the satellite under test. The extension support also transmits the vibration of the vibration table assembly 8 to the satellite under test for conducting a flat-plate satellite vibration test.
[0024] Specifically, in this invention, both the vibration table assembly 8 and the tooling frame 9 are placed on the ground of the test environment. An extension support is installed on the vibration table assembly 8 to respond to and transmit the vibration of the vibration table assembly 8, and to transmit the vibration to the satellite under test mounted on it, thereby enabling vibration testing of the satellite. The bottom of the extension support is provided with bolt holes for fixing it relative to the vibration table assembly 8. This invention, through an extension support capable of responding to and transmitting the vibration of the vibration table assembly 8, enables vibration testing of a relatively large satellite under test on a relatively small vibration table assembly 8 and tooling frame 9, resulting in excellent economic benefits.
[0025] Furthermore, the vibration table assembly 8 of this utility model includes a vibration table body 81, a horizontal slide 82, a vertical extension stage 83, a horizontal base 84, and an auxiliary support stage 85. The horizontal slide 82 is disposed on one side of the vibration table body 81 in the horizontal direction, and the vertical extension stage 83 is disposed above the vibration table body 81 in the vertical direction. The vibration table body 81 is used to drive the horizontal slide 82 to vibrate in the horizontal direction and also to drive the vertical extension stage 83 to vibrate in the vertical direction. The extension stage is disposed on either the horizontal slide 82 or the vertical extension stage 83. The horizontal base 84 is connected to the horizontal slide 82, and the horizontal slide 82 can slide relative to the horizontal base 84 in the X or Y direction. The bottom end of the horizontal base 84 is disposed on the ground, and the horizontal slide 82 is disposed on the top end of the horizontal base 84. The auxiliary support stage 85 is connected to the vertical extension stage 83, and the vertical extension stage 83 can slide relative to the auxiliary support stage in the Z direction. The auxiliary support stage 85 is disposed above the vibration table body 81 and between the vertical extension stage and the vibration table body. Specifically, the vibration table body 81 is equipped with driving devices, such as moving coil assemblies, for driving the horizontal slide table 82 and the vertical extension stage 83 to perform high-frequency vibrations. The horizontal base 84 and the auxiliary support stage 85 are equipped with devices for assisting in vibration testing, such as reset assemblies. In this embodiment, the horizontal slide table 82 provides a first direction of vibration during the vibration test. Therefore, when the satellite under test is placed on the horizontal slide table 82 via the extension support, the horizontal slide table 82 can provide a force in the first direction to the satellite under test for vibration testing. If the extension support is removed, rotated 90°, and then reinstalled, the horizontal slide table 82 can provide a force in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to the satellite under test for vibration testing. Similarly, the vertical extension stage 83 provides a gravity direction of vibration during the vibration test. Therefore, the vertical extension stage 83 can provide a gravity direction force to the satellite under test for vibration testing. For example, the horizontal slide 82 can provide X-axis vibration. To conduct an X-axis vibration test on the satellite under test, the extended support and the satellite under test are placed upright on the horizontal slide 82. To conduct a Y-axis vibration test on the satellite under test, the extended support and the satellite under test are rotated 90° horizontally before being placed on the horizontal slide 82. To conduct a Z-axis vibration test on the satellite under test, the extended support and the satellite under test are placed on the vertical extended stage 83. This invention achieves three-axis vibration testing of the satellite under test by placing the extended support and the satellite under test in different postures on the horizontal slide 82 and the vertical extended stage 83, thereby conducting X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis vibration tests respectively. This is possible under the premise of limited test environment size and limited tooling stand size, resulting in good economic benefits.
[0026] Furthermore, the tooling frame 9 includes a platform section 91 and a stair section 92. The platform section 91 is mounted on the ground via a support column 93 located below it. The platform section 91 surrounds the periphery of the vibration table body 81 and is fixedly connected to the vibration table body 81. The stair section 92 is located on one side of the platform section 91 in the horizontal direction, with its upper and lower ends located on the platform section 91 and the ground, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the platform section 91 has an "L"-shaped structure. The vertical extension platform 83 is located above the vibration table body 81 and also above the platform section 91. The lower end of the stair section 92 is located on the ground, and the upper end of the stair section 92 is located on the platform section 91. That is to say, workers can walk between the ground and the platform section 91 via the stair section 92 to transport the satellite to be tested and the extension support between the vertical extension platform 83 and the horizontal slide 82.
[0027] Please refer to the following: Figures 2 to 6 Furthermore, the extended support in this utility model includes a base portion 1, a support surface 2, a support portion 4, and an inverted conical support 7, all integrally connected. The support surface 2 extends upward and outward from the edge of the base portion 1, forming a basin shape with a smaller bottom and a larger top with several support surfaces 2 and the base portion 1. The support portion 4 is located above the base portion 1, and the inverted conical support 7 is also provided on the support portion 4. The satellite to be tested is assembled with the flat-plate satellite vibration test extended support via the inverted conical support 7. The base portion 1 is used for assembly with either the horizontal slide table 82 or the vertical extension table 83. In this embodiment, the base portion 1 is provided with connecting holes for relative installation and fixing with the horizontal slide table 82 or the vertical extension table 83. That is, the extended support can be installed and fixed on the horizontal slide table 82 or the vertical extension table 83 via the base portion 1 at its bottom and corresponding bolts; the extended support can be installed and fixed on the satellite to be tested via the inverted conical support 7 and corresponding bolts. The chassis 1 includes a chassis body 11, a first bottom edge beam 1a, a second bottom edge beam 1b, and a third bottom edge beam 1c. The first bottom edge beam 1a, the second bottom edge beam 1b, and the third bottom edge beam 1c are located at the edge of the chassis body 11 and are fixedly connected to the chassis body 11. The first bottom edge beam 1a, the second bottom edge beam 1b, and the third bottom edge beam 1c form a triangle. The support surface 2 is formed by the first bottom edge beam 1a, the second bottom edge beam 1b, and the third bottom edge beam 1c extending upward and outward respectively. The chassis body 11 is installed and fixed relative to the vibration test bench through bolt holes on it. That is to say, the chassis body 11 is the mounting surface between the extension support and the horizontal slide table 82 or the extension support and the vertical extension table 83. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first bottom beam 1a, the second bottom beam 1b, and the third bottom beam 1c are connected in sequence to form an isosceles triangle. The first bottom beam 1a and the second bottom beam 1b are the legs, and the third bottom beam 1c is the base. The first bottom beam 1a, the second bottom beam 1b, and the third bottom beam 1c are also the three sides of the chassis body 11, that is, the chassis body 11 is also an isosceles triangle.
[0028] Further, the support surface 2 includes a first elevation 2a, a second elevation 2b, and a third elevation 2c. The first elevation 2a is formed by extending obliquely upward from the first bottom edge beam 1a, the second elevation 2b is formed by extending obliquely upward from the second bottom edge beam 1b, and the third elevation 2c is formed by extending obliquely upward from the third bottom edge beam 1c. The left and right ends of the first elevation 2a are connected to the second elevation 2b and the third elevation 2c, respectively. The left and right ends of the second elevation 2b are connected to the first elevation 2a and the third elevation 2c, respectively. The left and right ends of the third elevation 2c are connected to the first elevation 2a and the second elevation 2b, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first elevation 2a, the second elevation 2b, and the third elevation 2c are located on the same side of the chassis body 11, and the included angles formed between them and the chassis body 11 are all obtuse angles. That is to say, the first elevation 2a, the second elevation 2b, the third elevation 2c, and the chassis body 11 form a basin-shaped groove with an upward opening, a smaller bottom, and a larger top. The top and bottom edges of the first facade 2a, the second facade 2b, and the third facade 2c are all isosceles triangles. Furthermore, since the first facade 2a, the second facade 2b, the third facade 2c, and the base body 11 form a basin-shaped groove structure with a smaller bottom and a larger top, the length of the first top beam 5a is greater than the length of the first bottom beam 1a, the length of the second top beam 5b is greater than the length of the second bottom beam 1b, and the length of the third top beam 5c is greater than the length of the third bottom beam 1c. Therefore, the extension support in this invention is a flowerpot-shaped structure with a smaller bottom and a larger top. This invention amplifies the vibration response of the vibration table body 81 through the extension support with a smaller bottom and a larger top, realizing the use of a smaller vibration table to conduct vibration tests on a larger satellite under test, resulting in good economic benefits.
[0029] Furthermore, the support portion 4 includes a first support 4a, a second support 4b, and a third support 4c. The first support 4a is located at the connection between the first facade 2a and the second facade 2b, the second support 4b is located at the connection between the second facade 2b and the third facade 2c, and the third support 4c is located at the connection between the third facade 2c and the first facade 2a. The first support 4a, the second support 4b, and the third support 4c are respectively provided with inverted conical supports 7 for mounting and fixing the satellite to be tested. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first support 4a is located between the connection between the first facade 2a and the second facade 2b, and between the connection between the first bottom beam 1a and the second bottom beam 1b and the connection between the first top beam 5a and the second top beam 5b. The second support 4b is located between the connection between the second facade 2b and the third facade 2c, and between the connection between the second bottom beam 1b and the third bottom beam 1c and the connection between the second top beam 5b and the third top beam 5c. The third support 4c is located between the connection between the third facade 2c and the first facade 2a, and between the connection between the third bottom beam 1c and the first bottom beam 1a and the connection between the third top beam 5c and the first top beam 5a. It is easily understood that since the first top beam 5a, the second top beam 5b, and the third top beam 5c form an isosceles triangle, and the first top beam 5a, the second top beam 5b, and the third top beam 5c also form an isosceles triangle, the second support 4b and the third support 4c are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the third facade 2c. Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the support part 4 includes a support top surface 41 located at its top and a support ramp surface 42 located on the side facing the basin-shaped groove structure. The support top surface 41 is provided with a connecting hole for installing the inverted cone support 7. The left and right ends of the support ramp surface 42 are respectively fixedly connected to the adjacent support surface 2. In this embodiment, the left and right ends of the support ramp surface 42 of the first support 4a are respectively connected to the first vertical surface 2a and the second vertical surface 2b, the left and right ends of the support ramp surface 42 of the second support 4b are respectively connected to the second vertical surface 2b and the third vertical surface 2c, and the left and right ends of the support ramp surface 42 of the third support 4c are respectively connected to the third vertical surface 2c and the first vertical surface 2a. The support top surfaces 41 of the first support 4a, the second support 4b and the third support 4c can all be used to install the inverted cone support 7. Therefore, the installation and number of inverted cone supports 7 can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the satellite to be tested.
[0030] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 6Furthermore, the inverted cone support 7 in this utility model is an inverted cone structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom. It includes an inverted cone top surface 71 at the top, an inverted cone bottom surface 72 at the bottom, an inverted cone reinforcing rib 73 connecting the inverted cone top surface 71 and the inverted cone bottom surface 72, and an inverted cone body 74 connecting the inverted cone reinforcing rib 73, the inverted cone top surface 71, and the inverted cone bottom surface 72. The inverted cone body 74 is cylindrical, and both the inverted cone top surface 71 and the inverted cone bottom surface 72 are annular structures and are concentrically arranged. The outer diameter of the top surface 71 of the inverted cone is larger than the outer diameter of the bottom surface 72 of the inverted cone. Several inverted cone reinforcing ribs 73 are inclinedly disposed between the top surface 71 and the bottom surface 72 of the inverted cone. Therefore, the inverted cone support 7 has an inverted cone structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The top surface 71 of the inverted cone is provided with connecting holes for relative installation and fixing with the satellite under test, and the bottom surface 72 of the inverted cone is provided with connecting holes for relative installation and fixing with the support portion 4. The inverted cone support 7, the support portion 4, and the satellite under test can be connected by bolts. In this embodiment, a total of three inverted cone supports 7 are respectively disposed on the first support 4a, the second support 4b, and the third support 4c.
[0031] In summary, the flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture of this invention is an extended support that can respond to and transmit the vibration of the vibration table assembly, enabling vibration testing of a relatively large satellite to be tested on a relatively small vibration table assembly and fixture frame, resulting in excellent economic benefits.
[0032] The above are merely specific embodiments of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A vibration testing fixture for a flat-plate satellite, characterized in that: The system includes a vibration table assembly (8) and an extension support. The extension support is detachably mounted on the vibration table assembly (8). The extension support is used to mount and fix the satellite under test. The extension support is also used to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration table assembly (8) to the satellite under test for conducting a flat-plate satellite vibration test. The vibration table assembly (8) includes a vibration table body (81), a horizontal slide (82), and a vertical extension stage (83). The horizontal slide (82) is located on one side of the vibration table body (81) in the horizontal direction, and the vertical extension stage (83) is located above the vibration table body (81). The vibration table body (81) is used to drive the horizontal slide (82) to vibrate in the horizontal direction. The vibration table body (81) is also used to drive the vertical extension table (83) to vibrate in the vertical direction. The extension support is disposed on either the horizontal slide (82) or the vertical extension table (83). The table also includes a horizontal base (84). The horizontal base (84) is connected to the horizontal slide (82) and the horizontal slide (82) can slide relative to the horizontal base (84). The bottom end of the horizontal base (84) is disposed on the ground and the horizontal slide (82) is disposed on the top end of the horizontal base (84).
2. The flat-plate satellite vibration test fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a tooling frame (9), which includes a platform section (91) and a stair section (92). The platform section (91) is set on the ground by a support column (93) located below it. The platform section (91) surrounds the periphery of the vibration table body (81) and is fixedly connected to the vibration table body (81). The stair section (92) is set on one side of the platform section (91) in the horizontal direction. The upper and lower ends of the stair section (92) are located on the platform section (91) and the ground, respectively.
3. The flat-plate satellite vibration test fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary support platform (85), which is connected to the vertical extension platform (83) and the vertical extension platform (83) can slide relative to the auxiliary support platform (85). The auxiliary support platform (85) is located above the vibration table body (81) and between the vertical extension platform (83) and the vibration table body (81).
4. The flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The extended support includes a base (1) fixedly connected to form a basin shape, a support surface (2) and a support part (4). The support surface (2) extends obliquely upward from the edge of the base (1). The support part (4) is located above the base (1). The support part (4) is used to install and fix the satellite under test. The base (1) is used to assemble and be fixedly connected to either the horizontal slide (82) or the vertical extended stage (83). The base (1) is also used to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration table assembly (8) to the support part (4). The support part (4) is used to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration table assembly (8) to the satellite under test.
5. The flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The chassis part (1) includes a chassis body (11), a first bottom edge beam (1a), a second bottom edge beam (1b) and a third bottom edge beam (1c). The first bottom edge beam (1a), the second bottom edge beam (1b) and the third bottom edge beam (1c) are located on the edge of the chassis body (11) and are fixedly connected to the chassis body (11) as a whole. The first bottom edge beam (1a), the second bottom edge beam (1b) and the third bottom edge beam (1c) form a triangle.
6. The flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting surface (2) includes a first facade (2a), a second facade (2b) and a third facade (2c). The first facade (2a) is formed by extending the first bottom edge beam (1a) obliquely upward. The second facade (2b) is formed by extending the second bottom edge beam (1b) obliquely upward. The third facade (2c) is formed by extending the third bottom edge beam (1c) obliquely upward. The left and right ends of the first facade (2a) are connected to the second facade (2b) and the third facade (2c) respectively. The left and right ends of the second facade (2b) are connected to the first facade (2a) and the third facade (2c) respectively. The left and right ends of the third facade (2c) are connected to the first facade (2a) and the second facade (2b) respectively.
7. The flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The extended support also includes an inverted cone support (7), the upper and lower ends of which are connected to the support part (4) and the satellite to be tested, respectively.
8. The flat-plate satellite vibration testing fixture as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The inverted cone support (7) includes an inverted cone top surface (71), an inverted cone bottom surface (72), an inverted cone reinforcing rib (73), and an inverted cone body (74). The inverted cone top surface (71) is used to connect with the satellite under test and is located at the top of the inverted cone support (7). The inverted cone bottom surface (72) is used to connect with the support part (4) and is located at the bottom of the inverted cone support (7). The inverted cone top surface (71) and the inverted cone bottom surface (72) are annular and are concentrically arranged. The outer diameter of the inverted cone top surface (71) is larger than the outer diameter of the inverted cone bottom surface (72). The inverted cone reinforcing rib (73) is connected between the inverted cone top surface (71) and the inverted cone bottom surface (72). The inverted cone body (74) is connected between the inverted cone top surface (71), the inverted cone bottom surface (72), and the inverted cone reinforcing rib (73).