Antenna structure and electronic equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides an antenna structure and electronic equipment. The antenna structure comprises an antenna radiation body, a suspension radiation branch and a feed source. Wherein the antenna radiation body comprises a first feed ground point, a feed point and an antenna radiation tail end, and the first feed ground point is grounded; the suspended radiation branch is located on one side, far away from the feeding point, of the antenna radiation tail end of the antenna radiation body, and a gap is formed between the suspended radiation branch and the antenna radiation tail end; the feed source is connected to the feed point and is used for providing excitation current f. The problem that the directivity of an antenna structure is high can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, specifically to an antenna structure and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In electronic devices, the directivity of antennas is affected by surrounding metal components. A closer distance between the antenna and these components increases directivity while reducing bandwidth and degrading performance. In this environment, due to the influence of the surrounding metal and the antenna's radiation characteristics, charges accumulate densely on the antenna's surface, particularly at the ends and outwards. This current concentration enhances the antenna's radiation directivity in these areas, leading to a higher EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) and potentially exceeding legal limits. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides an antenna structure, including:

[0004] The antenna radiating body includes a first feed point, a feed point, and an antenna radiating end, wherein the first feed point is grounded;

[0005] A suspended radiating branch is located on the side of the antenna radiating end of the antenna radiating body away from the feed point, and there is a gap between the suspended radiating branch and the antenna radiating end;

[0006] A feed source, connected to the feed point, is used to provide excitation current.

[0007] In some embodiments, in the direction from which the antenna radiating body points to the suspended radiating branch, the length of the suspended radiating branch is less than or equal to half the length of the antenna radiating body.

[0008] In some embodiments, one of the ends of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body and the antenna radiating end is provided with a first recess, and the other is provided with a first protrusion, with at least a portion of the first protrusion extending into the first recess.

[0009] In some embodiments, the antenna radiating end is provided with a first recess, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a first protrusion. In the direction of the suspended radiating branch pointing to the antenna radiating body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess.

[0010] In some embodiments, the antenna radiating end is provided with a first protrusion, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a first recess. In the direction from the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess.

[0011] In some embodiments, the antenna radiating end is provided with a plurality of first recesses, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a plurality of first protrusions, and at least a portion of each first protrusion extends into the corresponding first recess.

[0012] In some embodiments, the antenna radiating end is provided with a plurality of first protrusions, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a plurality of first recesses, and at least a portion of each first protrusion extends into the corresponding first recess.

[0013] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes parasitic radiation branches;

[0014] The parasitic radiation branch is located on the side of the suspended radiation branch away from the antenna radiation body, and there is a gap between the parasitic radiation branch and the suspended radiation branch.

[0015] In some embodiments, the parasitic radiation branch has a second feed point, which is grounded via an inductor or capacitor, or the second feed point is directly grounded.

[0016] In some embodiments, one of the ends of the levitation radiation branch near the parasitic radiation branch and the end of the parasitic radiation branch near the levitation radiation branch is provided with a second recess, and the other is provided with a second protrusion, with at least a portion of the second protrusion extending into the second recess.

[0017] In some embodiments, the levitation radiation branch has a second recess near the end of the parasitic radiation branch, and the parasitic radiation branch has a second protrusion near the end of the levitation radiation branch. In the direction from the parasitic radiation branch to the levitation radiation branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the second recess matches the shape of the second protrusion.

[0018] In some embodiments, the levitation radiation branch has a second protrusion near the end of the parasitic radiation branch, and the parasitic radiation branch has a second recess near the end of the levitation radiation branch. In the direction from the levitation radiation branch to the parasitic radiation branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the second recess matches the shape of the second protrusion.

[0019] This application also provides an electronic device including the aforementioned antenna structure.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this application include:

[0021] In this embodiment, a suspended radiating branch is arranged adjacent to the end of the antenna radiating body. By means of the coupling between the antenna radiating body and the suspended branch, a portion of the charge accumulated at the end of the antenna radiating body is dispersed to the suspended radiating branch, thereby transferring the induced current on the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch. This reduces the concentration of current. After receiving the induced current, the suspended radiating branch generates circumferentially divergent electromagnetic waves, which can improve the problem of strong directivity of the antenna structure.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0024] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of the current distribution of a PIFA antenna in related technologies;

[0025] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the current distribution of a LOOP antenna in related technologies;

[0026] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 As shown Figure 3 An exemplary three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna structure shown;

[0028] Figure 5 The figure shown is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 6 The figure shown is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 The figure shown is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 9 As shown Figure 8 An exemplary three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna structure shown;

[0033] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 11 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 12 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 13 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 14 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the current distribution provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 15 The figure shown is an antenna radiation efficiency curve provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 16 The figure shown is a comparison curve of antenna radiation efficiency between the prior art and an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 17 The figure shown is a comparison curve of the directivity coefficient of the antenna structure provided by the prior art and an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 18 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation pattern of an antenna structure provided by the prior art and an exemplary embodiment of the present application. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present application will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which embodiments are illustrated.

[0043] While terms such as "first," "second," etc., can be used to describe various components, such components are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments described below in this application may complement or combine with each other.

[0044] In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions and thickness of the components may be enlarged for better understanding, clarity, and ease of description. However, this application is not limited to the dimensions and thicknesses shown in the drawings.

[0045] like Figure 1 as well as Figure 2 As shown, where, Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the surface current distribution of a PIFA antenna (planar inverted-F antenna) in related technologies. Figure 2 The diagram shows the surface current distribution of a loop antenna in related technologies. Red arrows represent strong currents, and green arrows represent weak currents. It can be seen that the current distribution is uneven across different areas, with some areas exhibiting charge concentration. This can lead to stronger antenna directivity, resulting in a higher EIRP (Electrical Inductance Reduction Ratio), potentially exceeding legal limits.

[0046] This application provides an antenna structure and electronic device designed to solve or improve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0047] This application provides an antenna structure, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the antenna includes an antenna radiating body, a floating radiating branch, and a feed source. The antenna radiating body includes a first feed point, a power supply point, and an antenna radiating end, with the first feed point grounded. The floating radiating branch is located on the side of the antenna radiating end of the antenna radiating body furthest from the power supply point, and there is a gap between the floating radiating branch and the antenna radiating end. The feed source is connected to the power supply point and is used to provide excitation current.

[0048] In this embodiment, a suspended radiating branch is arranged adjacent to the end of the antenna radiating body. By means of the coupling between the antenna radiating body and the suspended branch, a portion of the charge accumulated at the end of the antenna radiating body is dispersed to the suspended radiating branch, thereby transferring the induced current on the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch. This reduces the concentration of current. After receiving the induced current, the suspended radiating branch generates circumferentially divergent electromagnetic waves, which can improve the problem of strong directivity of the antenna structure.

[0049] It should be noted that the antenna radiating end can be the region where the current is concentrated at the end of the antenna radiating body (the region with strong electric field radiation). In some embodiments, the antenna radiating body is a PIFA antenna, then the antenna radiating end is the end region of the antenna radiating body that is far away from the feed point.

[0050] In some embodiments, the antenna radiating body can be a PIFA antenna. In other embodiments, the antenna radiating body can also be a LOOP antenna.

[0051] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first feed point is located on the side of the antenna radiating body away from the antenna radiating end, and the feed point is located between the first feed point and the antenna radiating end. In other embodiments, the feed point is located on the side of the antenna radiating body away from the antenna radiating end, and the first feed point is located between the feed point and the antenna radiating end (not shown in the figure).

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first feed point is connected to the ground plane to achieve grounding.

[0053] In some embodiments, an insulating material is provided between the levitating radiating branch and the ground plane to achieve levitation.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the direction from the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch, the length L2 of the suspended radiating branch is less than or equal to half the length L1 of the antenna radiating body. In this embodiment, the excessive length of the suspended radiating branch can be avoided, which would lead to a mismatch between the resonance formed by the suspended radiating branch and the resonance formed by the antenna radiating branch, thus affecting the antenna performance. Alternatively, the large space occupied by the suspended radiating branch can be avoided, which would hinder the subsequent design of other branches around the antenna radiating body to achieve coupling with the antenna radiating body.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figures 5 to 7 As shown in any of the attached figures, one of the ends of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body and the antenna radiating end is provided with a first recess, and the other is provided with a first protrusion, with at least a portion of the first protrusion extending into the first recess.

[0056] In this embodiment, the area between the antenna radiating end of the antenna radiating body and the suspended radiating branch can be increased, which can further increase the coupling between the antenna radiating body and the suspended branch, improve the coupling effect, and further improve the problem of strong directivity of the antenna structure.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5As shown, a first recess is provided in the middle region of the antenna radiating end, and a first protrusion is provided in the middle region of the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body. The first protrusion is columnar, and its shape matches that of the first recess. In this embodiment, the coupling area between the antenna radiating body and the suspended radiating branch can be increased by designing a columnar protrusion.

[0058] In other embodiments, a first protrusion (not shown in the figure) is provided in the middle region of the antenna radiating end, and a first recess is provided in the middle region of the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body. The first protrusion is columnar, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the antenna radiating end is provided with a first recess, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a first protrusion. In the direction from the suspended radiating branch to the antenna radiating body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess.

[0060] This embodiment, by designing a V-shaped recess and a protrusion, can increase the facing area between the antenna radiating end and the suspended radiating branch, while avoiding the formation of a columnar tip region, thus improving the uniformity of charge flow.

[0061] In other embodiments, the antenna radiating end is provided with a first protrusion, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a first recess. In the direction from the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the antenna radiating end is provided with multiple first recesses, and the end of the floating radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with multiple first protrusions, with at least a portion of each first protrusion extending into its corresponding first recess.

[0063] In this embodiment, the shapes of the multiple recesses and the multiple protrusions are matched to each other, which can maximize the facing area between the antenna radiating body and the suspended radiating branch, thereby increasing the charge transmission area and further effectively avoiding the concentration of charge at the antenna radiating end of the antenna radiating body, thus improving the problem of strong antenna directivity.

[0064] In other embodiments, the antenna radiating end is provided with a plurality of first protrusions (not shown in the figure), and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a plurality of first recesses, and at least a portion of each first protrusion extends into the corresponding first recess.

[0065] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the antenna structure also includes a parasitic radiation branch; the parasitic radiation branch is located on the side of the suspended radiation branch away from the antenna radiation body, and there is a gap between the parasitic radiation branch and the suspended radiation branch.

[0066] This embodiment can further increase the antenna radiation area, broaden the antenna bandwidth, and improve antenna performance by coupling parasitic radiation branches.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the parasitic radiation branch has a second feed point, which is directly grounded.

[0068] In this embodiment, the excitation current received at the feed point can be transmitted along the direction of the antenna radiating body, the floating branch, and the parasitic branch and flow into the second feed point, which can shorten the current path and further set the frequency band of the parasitic radiating branch to match the frequency band of the antenna radiating body, thereby further improving the directivity of the antenna structure and reducing its effectiveness.

[0069] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, the second feed point of the parasitic radiating branch is grounded through a capacitor. This improves the impedance matching of the antenna structure.

[0070] In some embodiments, the second feed point of the parasitic radiation branch is grounded via an inductor (not shown in the figure).

[0071] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 or Figure 12 As shown, one of the ends of the levitation radiation branch near the parasitic radiation branch and the end of the parasitic radiation branch near the levitation radiation branch is provided with a second recess, and the other is provided with a second protrusion. At least a portion of the second protrusion extends into the second recess.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figure 11 As shown, the second protrusion is located in the middle region of the parasitic radiation branch near the end of the levitation radiation branch. The second protrusion is columnar, and the shape of the second protrusion matches the shape of the second depression.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 12 As shown, a second recess is provided at the end of the levitation radiation branch near the parasitic radiation branch, and a second protrusion is provided at the end of the parasitic radiation branch near the levitation radiation branch. In the direction from the parasitic radiation branch to the levitation radiation branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the second recess matches the shape of the second protrusion.

[0074] In some embodiments, a second protrusion (not shown in the figure) is provided at the end of the levitation radiation branch near the parasitic radiation branch, and a second recess is provided at the end of the parasitic radiation branch near the levitation radiation branch. In the direction from the levitation radiation branch to the parasitic radiation branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the second recess matches the shape of the second protrusion.

[0075] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the electronic device includes the antenna structure provided in the foregoing embodiments and the main body of the electronic device. The antenna structure is made of a metal sheet and is located in the frame area of ​​the electronic device.

[0076] by Figure 13 The antenna structure shown was simulated to obtain the following results: Figure 14 The diagram shows the current distribution. Figure 14 It can be seen that the strong current (red arrow) and weak current (green arrow) at the marked location above the antenna structure are relatively evenly distributed, and the phenomenon of current concentration at the end is significantly improved.

[0077] Figure 15 The image shown is based on Figure 13 The diagram shows the antenna radiation efficiency obtained from simulation. The red curve represents the S11 parameter, characterizing the antenna's impedance matching. The green curve represents the antenna radiation efficiency under ideal conditions. The blue curve represents the actual antenna radiation efficiency. Frequency 1 represents the target frequency of the antenna, and frequency 2 represents the frequency of the parasitic radiation branch. As shown in the diagram, if the parasitic radiation branch is set alone, the dip in the red curve at frequency 2 is obvious, indicating strong antenna directivity. In this scheme, after adding the floating radiation branch, the dip in the blue curve is less obvious, indicating that the strong antenna directivity problem can be improved.

[0078] The data obtained by simulation processing of the prior art (antenna structure is PIFA antenna) and an exemplary embodiment of this application are shown in Table 1 below. In this table, EIRP represents the equivalent isotropically radiated power of the antenna structure, Dir represents the total directivity of the antenna structure, and TRP represents the total radiated power of the antenna structure.

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] As shown in Table 1, the equivalent omnidirectional radiated power (EIRP) of the antenna structure provided in this application is lower than that of a conventional PIFA antenna, and does not exceed regulatory requirements. Its directivity is also superior to that of a conventional PIFA antenna. The EIRP of a conventional PIFA antenna exceeds CE regulations by 20 dB. Exceeding CE certification requires a 1 dB reduction in RF conducted power, which would worsen the user experience. Therefore, the EIRP of the antenna structure provided in this application avoids exceeding regulatory limits, thus improving the user experience.

[0082] Figure 16 The diagram shows a comparison between the antenna radiation efficiency of the antenna structure provided in this application and that of a PIFA antenna in the prior art. Figure 16 It can be seen that the antenna radiation efficiency of the antenna structure provided in this application is higher than that of the prior art, indicating that the antenna radiation performance is better. Figure 17 The diagram shows a comparison between the directivity of the antenna structure provided in this application and the directivity of a PIFA antenna in the prior art. Figure 17 It is evident that the antenna structure provided in this application has a smaller directivity coefficient, indicating lower directivity.

[0083] Figure 18 (a) shows the radiation pattern of a prior art PIFA antenna. Figure 18 Figure (b) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna structure provided in this application. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna structure provided in this application has lower directivity, and the WIFI performs relatively well at various angles, without any poor performance at individual angles that would affect the customer experience.

[0084] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects within each embodiment should generally be considered as other similar features or aspects that may be used in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, include: The antenna radiating body includes a first feed point, a feed point, and an antenna radiating end, wherein the first feed point is grounded; A suspended radiating branch is located on the side of the antenna radiating end of the antenna radiating body away from the feed point, and there is a gap between the suspended radiating branch and the antenna radiating end; A feed source, connected to the feed point, is used to provide excitation current.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the direction from the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch, the length of the suspended radiating branch is less than or equal to half the length of the antenna radiating body.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the ends of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body and the antenna radiating end is provided with a first recess, and the other is provided with a first protrusion, with at least a portion of the first protrusion extending into the first recess.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The antenna radiating end is provided with a first recess, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a first protrusion. In the direction of the suspended radiating branch pointing to the antenna radiating body, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess. Alternatively, the antenna radiating end is provided with a first protrusion, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a first recess. In the direction from the antenna radiating body to the suspended radiating branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the first protrusion matches the shape of the first recess.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The antenna radiating end is provided with a plurality of first recesses, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a plurality of first protrusions, and at least a portion of each first protrusion extends into the corresponding first recess. Alternatively, the antenna radiating end is provided with a plurality of first protrusions, and the end of the suspended radiating branch near the antenna radiating body is provided with a plurality of first recesses, with at least a portion of each first protrusion extending into the corresponding first recess.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure also includes parasitic radiation branches; The parasitic radiation branch is located on the side of the suspended radiation branch away from the antenna radiation body, and there is a gap between the parasitic radiation branch and the suspended radiation branch.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The parasitic radiation branch has a second feed point, which is grounded through an inductor or capacitor, or the second feed point is directly grounded.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, One of the ends of the suspended radiation branch near the parasitic radiation branch and the end of the parasitic radiation branch near the suspended radiation branch is provided with a second recess, and the other is provided with a second protrusion, with at least a portion of the second protrusion extending into the second recess.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The levitation radiation branch has a second recess at its end near the parasitic radiation branch, and the parasitic radiation branch has a second protrusion at its end near the levitation radiation branch. In the direction from the parasitic radiation branch to the levitation radiation branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the second recess matches the shape of the second protrusion. Alternatively, the levitation radiation branch may have a second protrusion near the end of the parasitic radiation branch, and the parasitic radiation branch may have a second recess near the end of the levitation radiation branch. In the direction from the levitation radiation branch to the parasitic radiation branch, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second protrusion gradually increases, and the shape of the second recess matches the shape of the second protrusion.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including the antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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