Four-way valve

Abstract

The four-way valve comprises a valve seat and a valve element, and four air pipes are arranged on the valve seat; a 1 / 4 arc pipe is arranged in the valve element, and the valve element rotates by 90 degrees, so that the arc pipe is communicated with an adjacent air pipe on the valve seat. The check valve is characterized in that a C-shaped sealing bush is arranged on the inner wall of the valve seat, a pipe extending part which protrudes in the radial direction is arranged on the inner wall of the valve seat and embedded into a bush through hole, and a fixing table is arranged on the inner wall of the valve element and matched with the open side of the C-shaped bush in an embedded mode. The sealing bush is compact in structure, precise positioning and rotation prevention of the sealing bush are achieved through a specific mechanical locking structure, and the sealing performance and reliability of gas circuit control are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fluid control, and particularly relates to a valve device in mechanical engineering, in particular to the structure of a pneumatic four-way directional control valve. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, micro electromagnetic valves are widely used in small pneumatic systems, and their main function is to open or switch the gas circuit. The existing micro electromagnetic valves generally have the following characteristics and deficiencies:

[0003] Most micro electromagnetic valves adopt a one-way port design with a single inlet and a single outlet. If multiple gas on-off or combined output is required in actual application, multiple valves are often used in series or parallel, which not only increases the equipment size, but also increases the cost and maintenance difficulty.

[0004] The existing micro electromagnetic valves generally use a direct-acting type to achieve switching, which directly pushes the valve core or valve rod to move to complete the on-off through the electromagnetic coil. Although the direct-acting structure is simple and easy to use, it often cannot balance efficiency and compactness when the gas pressure is high or multiple channels need to be switched, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of multiple switching and higher gas pressure applications.

[0005] Due to the small diameter of the inlet of the micro electromagnetic valve, there is a lack of effective measures to filter out foreign matter, which can easily be blocked by solid particles and other impurities during use, resulting in valve failure or affecting service life. The existing technology generally solves this problem through external measures such as pre-filters, but this increases the complexity and cost of the system.

[0006] In summary, in order to meet the demand for multiple gas switching and achieve more flexible gas control in a limited space, while solving the problem of easy clogging of the inlet, a new type of micro valve is needed to balance size, efficiency and reliability. Based on this background, the present application proposes a four-way valve with a cylindrical two-position four-way structure to achieve multiple switching in a single valve body and improve the problem of clogging of the inlet. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application provides a four-way valve, which aims to solve the problems of the existing micro electromagnetic valve, such as limited number of channels, large space occupation, easy clogging by foreign matter, and single structure that cannot meet the demand for multiple switching. By providing four gas tubes that are orthogonal to each other in the same valve body and designing a 1 / 4 circular arc tube inside the valve core to achieve 90° rotary switching, the demand for multiple gas circuit on-off or conversion can be met in a miniaturized structure.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the four-way valve of the present application comprises a valve seat and a valve core:

[0009] The valve seat has a cylindrical cavity inside and four air pipes outside, the central axes of the four air pipes are located in the same plane and the central axes of adjacent air pipes are perpendicular to each other. Through this arrangement, the valve body can realize multi-way connection in a compact structure, specifically including a left air outlet pipe, a right air outlet pipe, an air inlet and an air pump connecting pipe.

[0010] The inner wall of the valve seat can be provided with a sealing bushing, which is a C-shaped bushing with a through hole corresponding to the opening position of the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe inside the valve core; at the same time, the inner wall of the valve seat can be provided with a radially protruding pipe extension part to be connected with the through hole of the sealing bushing and the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe inside the valve core, to form a reliable seal and realize gas path connection.

[0011] The valve core is in a cylindrical structure and is rotatably and sealingly installed in the cylindrical cavity of the valve seat. The valve core is provided with a 1 / 4 circular arc pipe inside, which can be connected with two adjacent air pipes when the valve core rotates 90° around its own axis, thereby realizing switching of the gas path.

[0012] The inner wall of the valve core can be provided with a radially protruding fixing table for nested cooperation with the open side of the C-shaped bushing, and the positioning accuracy of the valve core during rotation is ensured while ensuring the air tightness.

[0013] The valve core is connected with a driving shaft, and the end of the driving shaft can be provided with a driving part to facilitate connection with a motor or other power device, thereby realizing automatic or remote control of the gas path switching.

[0014] When the valve core is stationary, only two of the four air pipes are connected with the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe; by rotating the valve core 90° by an external motor or manually, the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe inside the valve core can switch the combination of the connected air pipes, thereby distributing or cutting off the gas in different paths. Since the four air pipes are adjacent to each other and the central axes are orthogonal, different gas path channels can be realized by rotating the valve core 90°. Compared with the traditional single-inlet and single-outlet miniature electromagnetic valve, the structure of the present application can complete multi-port switching in one valve body, saving system space and reducing cost. Preferably, to solve the problem that the air inlet is easily blocked by foreign matters, a filter screen or related filtering device can be arranged at the air inlet, further improving the service life and reliability of the valve. Advantages

[0015] The four-way valve of the present application can be applied to various gas control scenes, and different pipe diameters and sealing elements can be selected according to needs to adapt to different gas source pressure grades.

[0016] The present application integrates the multi-way gas switching function that originally requires two or more valves into one valve, realizing "one valve with multiple ways". Therefore, under the premise of meeting the same functional requirements, the device size and the number of components are significantly reduced, and the overall system cost is reduced.

[0017] The cylindrical valve seat and valve core are matched with 1 / 4 circular arc pipe for 90° rotation switching, and four-way switching can be realized in a relatively small space.

[0018] The filter screen or similar filter is arranged at the air inlet, effectively blocks solid particles and impurities, reduces the risk of valve failure caused by foreign matter blockage, prolongs the service life of the valve, and improves the stability of equipment operation.

[0019] The driving shaft and the driving part can be connected with a motor or other power devices, supporting automatic, remote or precise gas path control, meeting the requirements of multi-way gas switching in more industrial or laboratory occasions.

[0020] Through the above technical scheme, the present application overcomes the defects of insufficient number of single-in and single-out channels, large volume, easy blockage and single switching mode in the prior art, meets the needs of multi-channel efficient control and compact design, and has wide application prospect in the field of industrial automation and small-sized equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a four-way valve overall structure diagram of the embodiment of the present application, which shows the valve seat body, four gas pipe positions and the top driving gear three-dimensional structure.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a top view of the four-way valve of the embodiment of the present application, which clearly shows the positions of the four gas pipes (air inlet pipe, air pump gas pipe, left outlet gas pipe and right outlet gas pipe) and the driving shaft and driving gear, wherein the filter element is arranged in the air inlet pipe.

[0023] Figure 3 It is an exploded three-dimensional structure diagram of the four-way valve of the embodiment of the present application, which specifically shows the position relationship and assembly sequence of the valve core, C-shaped sealing bushing, valve seat and valve seat cover plate.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the four-way valve of the embodiment of the present application when it is in the first working position, which shows the specific path of the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe in the valve core and the corresponding gas pipe on the valve seat.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the four-way valve of the embodiment of the present application when the valve core is rotated 90° to the second working position, which shows the gas path connection after the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe in the valve core is rotated and the new path after the gas path is switched. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined Figures 1 to 5This invention provides a detailed description of a cylindrical pneumatic four-way valve 100. It should be understood that the following description is merely an example of a specific embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the four-way valve 100 in this embodiment is a pneumatic valve, which mainly includes a valve seat 101, a valve core 102, a sealing bushing 103, a drive shaft 104, and a drive gear 105. Specifically, the valve seat 101 is an integrally formed cylindrical structure with four air pipes on its outer side, including a left air outlet pipe 106, a right air outlet pipe 107, an air inlet pipe 108, and an air pump connection pipe 109. These four air pipes are radially arranged relative to the cylinder of the valve seat 101, and the central axes of the four air pipes are all located in the same horizontal plane, with a 90° angle between the axes of any two adjacent air pipes. This structure can effectively realize the conversion of multi-channel gas paths, while being compact and space-saving.

[0028] Furthermore, the intersection point o1 of the central axes ax1 and ax2 of the trachea is located on the central axis ax3 of the valve seat 101.

[0029] More specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the four air pipes are respectively positioned as an inlet pipe 108, a left outlet pipe 106, a right outlet pipe 107, and an air pump connection pipe 109. The inlet pipe 108 is used to connect to an external air source, and to prevent clogging by impurities, a filter element 110 is preferably installed in the inlet pipe 108. The air pump connection pipe 109 is used to connect to an external air pump or other pressurizing device. The left outlet pipe 106 and the right outlet pipe 107 are connected to external pneumatic devices or actuators as needed. This four-way structure allows for multiple air path combinations within a single valve body, significantly improving control flexibility.

[0030] Furthermore, the air pump includes a positive displacement air pump, a diaphragm air pump, a gear air pump, a rotary vane air pump, a screw air pump, and a centrifugal air pump.

[0031] Furthermore, the intake pipe 108, the left exhaust pipe 106, and the right exhaust pipe 107 have the same diameter.

[0032] Furthermore, the air inlet pipe 108, the left air outlet pipe 106, and the right air outlet pipe 107 protrude from the surface of the valve seat 101.

[0033] Furthermore, the main types of air filters include: paper filters, non-woven fabric filters, activated carbon filters, sponge filters, glass fiber filters, metal mesh filters, ceramic filters, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, and electrostatic filters.

[0034] like Figure 3As shown, in order to realize reliable gas switching, the inside of the valve seat 101 is provided with a cylindrical cavity, and the valve core 102 is rotatably and sealingly installed in the cylindrical cavity of the valve seat 101. The valve core 102 is cylindrical in shape, and the lower end face is provided with a positioning structure to cooperate with the valve seat cover plate 111, and the upper end is connected with the driving shaft 104 to realize rotation through an external power source. The air-tight cooperation between the valve core 102 and the valve seat 101 is realized by the sealing bushing 103 arranged on the inner wall of the valve seat 101.

[0035] The cross section of the sealing bushing 103 is an open ring structure, for example, a C-shaped bushing, and other shapes (such as a U-shaped or a variable cross-section open ring structure) can also be used according to actual needs to realize the same air-tight cooperation function. The sealing bushing 103 is tightly attached to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical cavity of the valve seat 101, and plays a role in isolating the gas path and ensuring the sealing effect. At the same time, the surface of the sealing bushing 103 is also provided with a through hole corresponding to the internal gas path structure of the valve core 102, so as to realize the accurate butt joint and effective communication between the valve core 102 and the valve seat 101.

[0036] Further, the sealing bushing 103 is made of butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, silicon rubber, etc.

[0037] The C-shaped sealing bushing 103 of the present embodiment is precisely matched with the valve core 102 at the position of the radially protruding pipe extension 112 (extending from the inside of the valve seat 101 to the through hole of the sealing bushing 103) of the inner wall of the valve seat 101, so as to realize reliable connection of the pipeline while ensuring good sealing effect and preventing leakage. Moreover, the sealing bushing 103 has a closed side and an open side, and the inner wall of the valve core 102 is provided with a radially protruding fixing table 113 capable of precisely nested matching with the open side of the bushing, so as to realize accurate rotational positioning of the valve core 102 and prevent unnecessary displacement or loosening caused by vibration or gas pressure fluctuation during rotation, thereby ensuring the stability of valve operation.

[0038] Further, at the position corresponding to the gas pipe, an extension of the gas inlet pipe 108 is arranged, which protrudes from the inner wall surface of the valve seat 101, and the extension 112 can axially and radially support the bushing 103 when the bushing 103 is installed on the extension 112. Moreover, the inner wall of the valve core 102 can be provided with a radially protruding fixing table 113 for nested matching with the open side of the C-shaped sealing bushing 103, and for ensuring accurate positioning of the valve core 102 during rotation while ensuring air tightness.

[0039] As shown in the cross section of Figure 4 and Figure 5 , which is the cross section in the A-A direction of Figure 1 , the cross section is the plane in which the two axes ax1 and ax2 are located.

[0040] The valve core 102 body is specially provided with a 1 / 4 circular arc pipeline 114 inside. Each circular arc pipeline 114 is a circular tube section with an arc of 90°, and the two ends of the circular arc pipeline 114 are respectively opened at the outer cylindrical surface of the valve core 102, that is, the opening 1021 is just able to coincide with the corresponding through hole position 1031 on the sealing bushing 103. When the valve core 102 is in the first position (as shown in the figure), the through hole of the air inlet pipe 108 is in communication with the left air outlet pipe 106 and the air pump connecting pipe 109 through the circular arc pipeline 114 of the valve core 102, and the air inlet pipe 108 is in communication with the right air outlet pipe 107, forming a first kind of path combination; when the valve core 102 is rotated clockwise by 90° into the second position (as shown in the figure), the air pump connecting pipe 109 and the right air outlet pipe 107 are in communication, and the air inlet pipe 108 is in communication with the left air outlet pipe 106, realizing another kind of gas path combination. Figure 4 Figure 5

[0041] In the connection mode of the drive shaft 104 and the external power device, in addition to the drive gear 105 cooperating with the stepping motor, a cam mechanism or a slide rod mechanism can also be used to realize transmission. For example, when the power source adopts an electromagnetic valve coil, the linear motion generated by the coil can be converted into the rotary motion of the drive shaft 104 through a slide rod, or the linear displacement can be converted into a precise 90° rotation angle through a cam mechanism. This design further improves the flexibility of the transmission mode, so that the valve can adapt to the power system requirements of different industrial scenes, such as electromagnetic direct drive when the space is limited, or cam mechanism when high torque is required.

[0042] In this embodiment, in order to realize automatic operation and more precise rotation angle control, the drive shaft 104 is further arranged at the top of the valve core 102. The end of the drive shaft 104 is connected with the drive gear 105, and the drive gear 105 is engaged with the output end of the external driving device (such as a stepping motor or other precise driving unit), so as to realize high-precision automatic rotation positioning control of the valve core 102. When the external driving device operates, the drive shaft 104 is driven to rotate by the drive gear 105, thereby controlling the position of the valve core 102, realizing different gas path combinations, and meeting the needs of industrial automation, experimental equipment and pneumatic systems for multi-path precise switching.

[0043] Compared with the existing direct-acting electromagnetic valve, the present application effectively solves the problem of multi-channel switching through the rotary cylindrical structure, and the structure is more compact, which significantly saves space.

[0044] Furthermore, since the valve core 102 is rotated to realize gas path switching, the efficiency loss of the traditional electromagnetic valve coil direct-acting structure in multi-port switching is avoided, which is suitable for application under higher gas pressure and more complex working conditions, and has higher reliability and durability.

[0045] ​​In addition, in order to solve the problem that the air inlet of the micro valve is easy to be blocked in the prior art, the filter element 110 device is arranged at the air inlet pipe 108, so that solid particles or foreign matters entering the valve body are effectively filtered, the stability and service life of the valve are greatly improved, the maintenance cost and difficulty are reduced, and the reliability of the product is improved.

[0046] In the embodiment, each component of the valve body can be selected from different materials according to specific application requirements, for example, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, engineering plastic and the like, so as to adapt to different gas media, pressure environments and wear resistance requirements. In addition, the size of the valve can be adjusted according to the actual size of the gas circuit and the pressure requirement, and the valve is suitable for a wide range of industrial control application scenarios.

[0047] In summary, the embodiment describes a cylindrical two-position four-way pneumatic valve device in detail, different gas circuit combinations are realized by rotating the valve core 102 by 90°, the valve device is compact, reliable and easy to automatically control, and all the technical feature requirements of the above claims are completely supported in function, and the problems in the prior art are solved. The structure is simple and reliable, the cost is moderate, and the valve device is convenient for large-scale industrial production and popularization and application, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of automatic pneumatic control, small-sized precision instruments and experimental devices and the like.

[0048] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiment is not a limitation on the protection scope of the present application, and equivalent changes or improvements on the structure, material or size within the scope and spirit of the claims and the present application are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A four-way valve, comprising a valve seat (101) and a valve core (102); the valve seat (101) comprises four air pipes, the center axes of the four air pipes are located in the same plane and the center axes of adjacent air pipes are perpendicular to each other; the valve core (102) is internally provided with a 1 / 4 circular arc pipe (114), the circular arc pipe (114) is configured to connect adjacent air pipes on the valve seat by rotating 90°; the valve seat (101) is internally a cylindrical cavity, the valve core (102) is a cylindrical structure, and the valve core (102) is rotatably and sealingly arranged in the cylindrical cavity of the valve seat (101); characterized in that a sealing bushing (103) is arranged on the inner wall of the valve seat (101), the sealing bushing (103) is a C-shaped bushing, the cross section of the sealing bushing (103) is an open ring structure, and a through hole is formed on the surface of the sealing bushing (103) and corresponds to an opening on the surface of the 1 / 4 circular arc pipe (114); a radially protruding pipe extension (112) is arranged on the inner wall of the valve seat (101), the pipe extension (112) is embedded in the through hole on the surface of the C-shaped bushing to realize air path communication; the C-shaped bushing has a closed side and an open side; a radially protruding fixing table (113) is arranged on the inner wall of the valve core (102), and the open side of the C-shaped bushing is nested with the fixing table (113).

2. The four-way valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve core (102) is connected with a driving shaft (104), an end of the driving shaft (104) is provided with a driving part, and the driving part is configured to be connected with a motor or other power device; the driving part can be configured as a gear or a cam to realize power transmission.

3. The four-way valve of claim 1, wherein: The four air pipes specifically comprise a left air outlet pipe (106), a right air outlet pipe (107), an air inlet (108), and an air pump connecting pipe (109).

4. The four-way valve of claim 1, wherein: The four-way valve is a pneumatic valve.

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