Explosive charging structure for tunneling and blasting of frozen soil section of vertical shaft

Abstract

The utility model discloses a vertical shaft frozen soil section tunneling blasting charging structure, and belongs to the technical field of blasting engineering. The utility model comprises an advanced mass crack hole, wherein the advanced mass crack hole is sequentially provided with a first explosive layer, an interval rock powder layer, a second explosive layer and a filling rock powder layer from bottom to top; a water-gel explosive is arranged in the first explosive layer, a primer detonator is arranged in the water-gel explosive, a heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is uniformly arranged in the second explosive layer, a plastic shell is arranged on the outer side of the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, and triangular grooves are formed in the two sides of the plastic shell; and a water-resistant detonating cord is arranged in the advanced crack hole. The combination of the anti-freezing water-gel explosive and the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is adopted, and the anti-freezing water-gel explosive and the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive are uniformly arranged at intervals through the plastic shell, so that the explosive distribution uniformity and the blasting effect are ensured, the reliability and the safety of blasting are improved, the material consumption is reduced, the influence on the environment is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of blasting engineering, more specifically, relates to a vertical shaft frozen soil section driving blasting charge structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] The traditional vertical shaft frozen soil section blasting technique has some key problems in the mine shaft freezing method, including the limitation of blasting effect, the potential threat to the stability of the shaft freezing section, the uncontrollable rock mass forming effect, and the high cost and environmental impact. In order to overcome these limitations, the utility model provides a vertical shaft frozen soil section advanced fissure blasting charge structure. This structure optimizes the blasting hole network parameters by arranging advanced fissure holes inside the shaft excavation contour line, uses a combination of anti-freezing emulsion (water gel) explosives and heavy ammonium oil explosives, and is uniformly and evenly arranged through a plastic shell, improving the blasting efficiency and the controllability of rock mass forming. In addition, by adjusting the depth of the blast hole and the amount of charge, and using advanced detonation systems and blast hole plugging techniques, the utility model not only improves the reliability and safety of blasting, but also reduces the amount of materials used and the impact on the environment, thereby providing a more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution for underground mine engineering. SUMMARY

[0003] 1. Technical problem to be solved by the utility model

[0004] The utility model aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a vertical shaft frozen soil section driving blasting charge structure. The utility model provides a vertical shaft frozen soil section driving blasting charge structure. This structure optimizes the blasting hole network parameters by arranging advanced fissure holes inside the shaft excavation contour line, uses a combination of anti-freezing emulsion (water gel) explosives and heavy ammonium oil explosives, and is uniformly and evenly arranged through a plastic shell, ensuring the uniformity of explosive distribution and blasting effect, improving the blasting efficiency and the controllability of rock mass forming, not only improving the reliability and safety of blasting, but also reducing the amount of materials used and the impact on the environment, improving economic efficiency, thereby providing a more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution for underground mine engineering.

[0005] 2. Technical solution

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution provided by the utility model is as follows:

[0007] The vertical shaft frozen soil section driving blasting charge structure of the utility model comprises an advanced fissure hole, which is sequentially provided with a first explosive layer, an interval rock powder layer, a second explosive layer and a filling rock powder layer from bottom to top.

[0008] The first explosive layer is internally provided with water gel explosive, the water gel explosive is internally provided with a detonating detonator, the surface of the detonating detonator is connected with an electronic detonator lead wire, and one end of the electronic detonator lead wire extends to the outside of the advanced quality crack hole.

[0009] The first explosive layer and the second explosive layer are provided with a spacing rock powder layer, the second explosive layer is uniformly provided with heavy ammonium oil explosive, the outer side of the heavy ammonium oil explosive is provided with a plastic shell, and the two sides of the plastic shell are provided with triangular grooves.

[0010] The inside of the advanced quality crack hole is provided with a water-resistant detonating cord, the water-resistant detonating cord passes through the heavy ammonium oil explosive from the top of the advanced quality crack hole and extends to the bottom of the advanced quality crack hole.

[0011] The hole of the advanced quality crack hole is filled with a rock powder layer.

[0012] Further, the advanced quality crack holes are uniformly arranged and arranged in a ring shape on the inside of the shaft excavation contour line.

[0013] Further, the advanced quality crack holes are uniformly arranged at a position of S1=(0.1-0.2)m from the inside of the shaft excavation contour line, the distance S2=(8-15)d between two adjacent groups of advanced quality crack holes, d is the diameter of the advanced quality crack hole, and the depth L=(4.0-4.5)m of the advanced quality crack hole.

[0014] Further, the water gel explosive is arranged at the hole bottom of the advanced quality crack hole.

[0015] Further, the plastic shell is a semi-enclosed structure.

[0016] Further, the plastic shell is wrapped on the outer side of the heavy ammonium oil explosive and forms a cartridge, the diameter of the cartridge is 40mm, and the length is 40cm.

[0017] Further, after the hole filling of the advanced quality crack hole is completed, the electronic detonator lead wire is connected with the detonating bus, and is detected by a digital electronic detonator initiator, the detonating detonator is provided with a delay time, the advanced quality crack hole is provided with a hole-by-hole millisecond initiation, and the interval time is 5-20ms.

[0018] Further, the thickness of the spacing rock powder layer is 5-10cm.

[0019] Further, the second explosive layer can be provided with multiple groups, and the two adjacent groups of second explosive layers are separated by a spacing rock powder layer.

[0020] 3. Beneficial effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The utility model provides a kind of vertical shaft frozen soil section excavation blasting charge structure, this structure is arranged ahead of time by fissure hole in the inside of shaft excavation contour line, optimizes blast hole network parameter, adopts the combination of frost-resistant water gel explosive and heavy ammonium oil explosive, and is evenly spaced by plastic shell arrangement, ensure the uniformity of explosive distribution and blasting effect, improve blasting efficiency and the controllability of rock mass forming, not only improve the reliability and safety of blasting, also reduce the material usage, reduce the influence to environment, improve economic benefit, to provide a more efficient, economic and environmental protection solution for underground mine engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Fig. 1 It is ahead of time for the utility model fissure hole position distribution diagram;

[0024] Fig. 2 It is ahead of time for the utility model fissure hole internal structure diagram;

[0025] Fig. 3 It is the plastic shell sectional view of the utility model.

[0026] In the drawing: 1, water gel explosive; 2, initiating detonator; 3, heavy ammonium oil explosive; 4, plastic shell; 401, triangular groove; 5, ahead of time fissure hole; 501, first explosive layer; 502, interval rock powder layer; 503, second explosive layer; 504, filling rock powder layer; 6, electronic detonator foot line; 7, water-resistant detonating cord. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The utility model will be further described below in connection with the drawings and examples:

[0028] Example 1

[0029] From Figs. 1-3 It can be seen that the vertical shaft frozen soil section excavation blasting charge structure of the embodiment comprises ahead of time fissure hole 5, ahead of time fissure hole 5 is uniformly provided with multiple, and is arranged in annular interval in the inside of shaft excavation contour line;To realize ahead of time fissure effect;

[0030] Ahead of time fissure hole 5 is uniformly arranged at the position of S1=(0.1~0.2)m from the inside of shaft excavation contour line;The interval S2=(8~15)d of two adjacent groups of ahead of time fissure hole 5, d is the diameter of ahead of time fissure hole 5, can be optimized and adjusted according to geological conditions and rock drilling machine.

[0031] The depth L of ahead of time fissure hole 5 is (4.0~4.5)m, and the charge quantity Q in single blast hole is q*L, q=(0.25~0.4)kg / m, and the linear charge density q is selected according to lithology;

[0032] In order to prevent the surrounding hole from over-excavation and increase the supporting cost, the smooth blasting technology is used in the advanced quality crack hole, and the charge is arranged in sections and intervals, and the first explosive layer 501, the interval rock powder layer 502, the second explosive layer 503 and the filling rock powder layer 504 are sequentially arranged in the advanced quality crack hole 5 from bottom to top.

[0033] In order to prevent the low temperature from affecting the blasting effect of the explosive, the water gel explosive 1 is arranged in the first explosive layer 501, the water gel explosive 1 is arranged at the bottom of the advanced quality crack hole 5, so as to improve the blasting effect in the low temperature environment, the detonating detonator 2 is arranged in the water gel explosive 1, the surface of the detonating detonator 2 is connected with the electronic detonator lead wire 6, one end of the electronic detonator lead wire 6 extends to the outside of the advanced quality crack hole 5.

[0034] The interval rock powder layer 502 is arranged between the first explosive layer 501 and the second explosive layer 503, the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 is uniformly arranged in the second explosive layer 503, the plastic shell 4 is arranged on the outside of the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3, and the triangular grooves 401 are formed on the two sides of the plastic shell 4; the detonation products generated by the explosion of the explosive fly out along the vertical direction of the surface of the triangular grooves 401, the detonation products converge on an axis, and converge into a high-speed and high-pressure energy flow, so as to promote the rock mass to extend and expand along the predetermined direction.

[0035] The heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 is used in cooperation with the water gel explosive 1, so as to improve the blasting efficiency; the plastic shell 4 is used for uniformly and intervally arranging the explosive, so as to ensure the uniformity of the blasting.

[0036] The water-resistant detonating cord 7 is arranged in the advanced quality crack hole 5, the water-resistant detonating cord 7 passes through the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3, so as to realize continuous detonation and avoid interruption of the detonation, and is used for ensuring the continuity of the detonation in the blast hole; the water-resistant detonating cord 7 passes through the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 from the top of the advanced quality crack hole 5 and extends to the bottom of the advanced quality crack hole 5.

[0037] The hole opening of the advanced quality crack hole 5 is filled through the filling rock powder layer 504, so as to prevent the blasting punching and affect the blasting effect and quality, and thus ensure the blasting effect.

[0038] After the filling of the blast hole of the advanced quality crack hole 5 is completed, the electronic detonator lead wire 6 is connected with the detonating bus, and is detected through the digital electronic detonator initiator; the detonating detonator 2 is set with a delay time, and is detected and charged; based on the advantage of the digital electronic detonator in controlling the delay time, the advanced quality crack hole 5 is set with hole-by-hole millisecond initiation, and the interval time is 5-20 ms.

[0039] The plastic shell 4 is a semi-enclosed structure, the plastic shell 4 is wrapped on the outside of the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 and forms a cartridge, the diameter of the cartridge is 40 mm, and the length is 40 cm.

[0040] The second explosive layer 503 can be provided with multiple groups, and two adjacent second explosive layers 503 are separated by a spacing rock powder layer 502, and the thickness of the spacing rock powder layer 502 is 5-10 cm.

[0041] The utility model discloses a vertical shaft frozen soil section advanced fissure blasting charge structure which has the characteristics of reducing the structural damage of the shaft freezing section, effectively prolonging the service life of the vertical shaft and solving the problem of the surface soil section forming effect of the vertical shaft.

[0042] (1) According to the field lithology condition, and according to the designed blast hole net parameter: hole diameter, hole distance, hole depth, charge structure, the advanced fissure hole is arranged at the position S1=(0.1-0.2) m inside the shaft excavation contour line, and the advanced fissure hole spacing S2=(8-15) d hole, and the specific parameter is optimized and adjusted according to the geological condition and rock drilling machine.

[0043] (2) According to the field construction machinery condition, the depth of the advanced fissure hole is adjusted, for example, the FJD-6A type umbrella drill is used with the YGZ-70 type rock drill with the cross type alloy drill bit of phi 50 mm, the blast hole depth L=(4.0-4.5) m, the single blast hole charge Q=q*L, q=(0.25-0.4) kg / m, and the linear charge density q is selected according to the lithology.

[0044] The bottom of the blast hole adopts the anti-freezing water gel explosive 1, the middle part of the blast hole adopts the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3, the anti-water detonating cord 7 is inserted into the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 wrapped by the bottom reinforced explosive cartridge and the middle plastic shell 4, and the blast hole is well plugged at the hole mouth; the blast hole plugging length and plugging quality are ensured, after checking, the advanced fissure hole, the slotting hole and the auxiliary hole are sequentially initiated, and the specific delay time is optimized and adjusted according to the shaft excavation section arrangement;

[0045] (3) After blasting, the steel tape or other length measuring tools are used to measure the vertical shaft frozen soil section contour size and half-wall blast hole after blasting; and the blasting effect is evaluated;

[0046] (4) According to the above steps, 15-30 times of field blasting tests are carried out, the reliability of experimental data is improved, the reliability of experimental data is improved, and the test results show that, through a large amount of field blasting test data for data analysis and test verification, the utility model has high reliability and credibility.

[0047] In order to reduce the explosive unit consumption and improve the economic benefit, the bottom of the blast hole adopts the water gel explosive 1, the middle part adopts the heavy ammonium oil explosive 3, and the plastic shell 4 is uniformly and interval arranged, so that the uniformity of explosive distribution and the blasting effect are ensured.

[0048] The utility model provides a kind of vertical shaft frozen soil section excavation blasting charge structure, this structure is arranged ahead of time by fissure 5 in the inside of shaft excavation contour line, optimizes blast hole network parameter, adopts the combination of anti-freezing water glue explosive 1 and heavy ammonium oil explosive 3, and is arranged by uniform interval by plastic shell 4, improves blasting efficiency and the controllability of rock mass forming, in addition, by adjusting blasthole depth and charge quantity, and using advanced detonation system and blasthole plugging technology, the utility model not only improves the reliability and safety of blasting, but also reduces material usage, reduces the influence to environment, to provide a more efficient, economic and environmental protection solution for underground mine engineering.

[0049] The vertical shaft frozen soil section ahead of time fissure blasting charge structure of the utility model has the following positive effects after using the above technical scheme:

[0050] (1) the expansion effect of high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by explosion, which promotes the initial crack of rock to extend and expand along the established direction, finally controls the forming quality of underground excavation blasting section, and at the same time, the propagation of blasting vibration generated by the initial crack is effectively blocked, reducing the damage of blasting vibration to the excavation wall.

[0051] (2) effectively control the excavation section forming effect, reduce the size deviation of vertical shaft frozen soil section, reduce the cost of vertical shaft frozen soil section overbreak pouring concrete; heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 is cheaper than water glue explosive 1, which can improve the use rate of unit mass explosive blasting energy, effectively reduce the use amount of mine blasting explosive. At the same time, the uniformity of surrounding rock breaking and the reduction of large block rate can effectively improve the mechanized mucking efficiency, save construction operation cycle time, and significantly improve the economic benefit of vertical shaft frozen soil section excavation.

[0052] The interval arrangement scheme formed by water glue explosive 1 and heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 can make the explosive relatively uniformly distributed in the blasthole, to prevent the phenomenon that water glue explosive 1 and heavy ammonium oil explosive 3 cannot be detonated due to low temperature.

[0053] In order to facilitate field construction operation, the detonating detonator 2 and the water-resistant detonating cord 7 are inserted into the bottom charge, after the bottom charge is detonated, the water-resistant detonating cord 7 is used to detonate the explosive in the blast hole, and the energy utilization rate is increased, the detonation products generated by the explosive explosion fly out along the vertical direction of the surface of the triangular groove 401, the detonation products converge on an axis, and the energy flow with high speed and pressure is formed, so that the rock mass is expanded along the established direction. Subsequently, under the action of the explosion gas, the cracks in the direction continuously extend until they intersect with the cracks formed by other blast holes. The forming effect of the tunneling section is effectively controlled, the size deviation of the frozen soil section of the shaft is reduced, the overbreak of the frozen soil section of the shaft is reduced, the cost of pouring concrete is reduced, the economic cost of heavy ammonium oil explosive is lower than that of water gel explosive, the use rate of the blasting energy of unit mass explosive is improved, and the use amount of mine blasting explosive is effectively reduced. At the same time, the surrounding rock is broken uniformly and the large block rate is reduced, the mechanized mucking efficiency is effectively improved, the construction operation cycle time is saved, and the economic benefit of the shaft frozen soil section excavation is significantly improved.

[0054] The above describes the utility model and its embodiments in a schematic manner, and the description is not limited, and the embodiments shown in the drawings are only one of the embodiments of the utility model, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art is inspired thereby, without departing from the creative purpose of the utility model, similar structural modes and embodiments are not creatively designed, which should belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure comprising an advanced mass cracking hole (5), characterized in that: The advanced quality crack hole (5) is sequentially provided with a first explosive layer (501), a spacing rock powder layer (502), a second explosive layer (503) and a filling rock powder layer (504) from bottom to top. The first explosive layer (501) is provided with water gel explosive (1), the water gel explosive (1) is provided with a detonating blasting cap (2), the surface of the detonating blasting cap (2) is connected with an electronic detonator lead wire (6), one end of the electronic detonator lead wire (6) extends to outside of the advanced quality crack hole (5). The spacing rock powder layer (502) is arranged between the first explosive layer (501) and the second explosive layer (503), the second explosive layer (503) is uniformly arranged with heavy ammonium oil explosive (3), the outside of the heavy ammonium oil explosive (3) is provided with a plastic shell (4), and the two sides of the plastic shell (4) are provided with triangular grooves (401). The advanced quality crack hole (5) is internally provided with a water-resistant detonating cord (7), the water-resistant detonating cord (7) passes through the heavy ammonium oil explosive (3) from the top of the advanced quality crack hole (5) and extends to the bottom of the advanced quality crack hole (5). The hole opening of the advanced quality crack hole (5) is filled by the filling rock powder layer (504).

2. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced quality crack hole (5) is uniformly arranged with a plurality of advanced quality crack holes, and the advanced quality crack holes are arranged in a ring shape and are spaced apart on the inside of the shaft excavation contour line.

3. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The advanced quality crack hole (5) is arranged at a position of S1=(0.1-0.2)m from the inside of the shaft excavation contour line; the distance S2 between two adjacent groups of advanced quality crack holes (5) is (8-15)d, d is the diameter of the advanced quality crack hole (5), and the depth L of the advanced quality crack hole (5) is (4.0-4.5)m.

4. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water gel explosive (1) is arranged at the hole bottom of the advanced quality crack hole (5).

5. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic shell (4) is a semi-enclosed structure.

6. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plastic shell (4) is wrapped outside the heavy ammonium oil explosive (3) and forms a cartridge, the diameter of the cartridge is 40mm, and the length is 40cm.

7. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the hole filling of the advanced quality crack hole (5) is completed, the electronic detonator lead wire (6) is connected with a detonating bus, and is detected by a digital electronic detonator initiator, the detonating blasting cap (2) is set with a delay time, the advanced quality crack hole (5) is set with hole-by-hole millisecond initiation, and the interval time is 5-20ms.

8. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the spacing rock powder layer (502) is 5-10cm.

9. The vertical shaft frozen ground section tunneling blasting charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second explosive layer (503) can be provided with a plurality of groups, and the two adjacent groups of second explosive layers (503) are separated by the spacing rock powder layer (502).

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