Experimental device for coal and rock stratum drilling dynamic analog simulation

Abstract

The utility model discloses an experimental device for coal rock layer drilling dynamic analog simulation, which comprises a servo loading control device (A) which comprises three hydraulic line pipes, is connected to a pressurizing chamber of a simulation drilling device (B) and is used for independently loading a coal rock sample in the simulation drilling device (B) in three directions; the simulated drilling device (B) is provided with a derrick platform for loading and unloading and a simulated drilling machine, the derrick platform is used for filling coal rock samples, and the drilling process is simulated in the loading and unloading state of the coal rock samples; and the data acquisition device (C) is connected with the strain brick sensor embedded in the coal rock sample and is used for acquiring stress-strain data generated by the strain brick sensor of the coal rock sample in real time in the drilling simulation process. The device has the technical effects that gas extraction drilling characteristic parameters and deslagging rules in the whole drilling process under complex conditions of different coal rock attributes, ground stress, mining-induced stress and the like under a deep layer can be obtained.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to an experimental device, concretely relates to a simulation experiment device of coal rock stratum drilling, is used for simulating the gas extraction drilling of coal rock stratum in pit. BACKGROUND

[0002] China has abundant coal resources, but before coal mining, gas gas endowed in coal seam needs to be extracted to avoid coal and gas outburst accidents, influence coal mine production safety. Meanwhile, the number of high gas mine in China is relatively large, which indirectly increases the difficulty and cost of gas control. How to efficiently extract coal seam gas has become an important factor restricting the green, intelligent and safe development of coal mines. Therefore, drilling pre-extraction of coal seam gas is one of the main control measures at present.

[0003] At present, there are three main ways of coal seam gas pre-extraction, including ground well gas pre-extraction, underground through strata drilling pre-extraction and along seam drilling pre-extraction of coal seam gas. Ground well gas pre-extraction needs to drill from the ground to the coal seam in the pit, and the drilling needs to pass through the surface layer, rock layer and coal seam. The drilling characteristic parameters (drilling characteristic parameters refer to speed, feed force, drilling speed, drilling diameter, drilling trajectory, hole deformation and slag production, etc.) in different coal rock layers are difficult to accurately grasp, and the drilling deformation position and actual trajectory are often not accurately predicted, resulting in unclear effective influence area boundary of ground drilling on gas extraction. Underground through strata drilling and along seam drilling also face corresponding technical problems, resulting in errors in the structure arrangement of underground gas extraction drilling, blind area in drilling extraction area, and increased risk and cost of gas control.

[0004] In order to realize the accurate acquisition of the drilling characteristics of coal rock stratum, it is often necessary to increase the logging while drilling equipment, borehole inspection equipment or other geophysical well logging equipment during drilling construction, which greatly increases the construction cost of gas extraction drilling, reduces the drilling construction efficiency, and the accuracy of geophysical test results is also difficult to guarantee. It has not been significantly improved to solve the drilling construction problems of gas extraction.

[0005] At the same time, with the increase of the depth of coal seam gas extraction drilling and the depth of mining, the stress conditions such as ground stress and mining stress gradually become complex, and the influence on drilling hole wall deformation, drilling trajectory change and other drilling characteristic parameters increases significantly. Therefore, it is also necessary to adjust the coal rock properties, ground stress, mining stress and drilling structure conditions, and observe the characteristics of gas extraction drilling, in order to improve the quality of gas extraction drilling and layout extraction drilling in construction site.

[0006] Therefore, a simulation experiment device of coal rock stratum drilling is developed, which can obtain drilling characteristic parameters and slag discharge rules under different conditions by carrying out simulation drilling dynamic experiment, which is beneficial to solve the technical problems of underground drilling construction. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0007] The utility model provides to solve the technical problem of prior art existing problems, and the technical problem that the utility model wants to solve is to provide a coal rock stratum drilling dynamic similar simulation's experimental device, it can obtain the gas extraction drilling characteristic parameter and the production slag rule of the whole process of drilling under the complex condition of different coal rock properties, ground stress and mining stress etc.

[0008] The technical problem that the utility model wants to solve is realized through the technical scheme, and it comprises:

[0009] The servo loading control device contains three hydraulic lines, is connected to the pressurized chamber of the simulation drilling device, and three-way independent loading of the coal rock sample in the simulation drilling device is implemented;

[0010] The simulation drilling device has a derrick platform and a simulation drilling machine, the derrick platform is used for filling the coal rock sample, and the drilling process is simulated under the loading and unloading state of the coal rock sample;

[0011] The data acquisition device is connected to the strain brick sensor embedded in the coal rock sample, and the stress and strain data generated by the strain brick sensor of the coal rock sample in the simulation drilling process are collected in real time.

[0012] The utility model has the advantages of:

[0013] The utility model can realize the coal rock stratum dynamic simulation drilling experiment under different loading and unloading conditions, obtain the change rule of the drilling characteristic parameter with ground stress, mining stress and coal seam parameter, and reveal the coal rock stratum drilling deformation and slag production rule under the corresponding condition by testing the stress and strain data under different coal rock stratum properties and stress conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] The drawings of the utility model are as follows:

[0015] Figure 1 It is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 It is the derrick platform structure schematic diagram of the simulation drilling device;

[0017] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 It is the mobile control platform structure schematic diagram of the simulation drilling device;

[0018] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 It is the horizontal movement control state diagram in (a);

[0019] (a), the structure diagram that the linear optical axis slide rail slider of simulation drilling machine box bottom is locked on the linear optical axis slide rail;

[0020] (b), the linear optical axis slide rail slider on the layout of the analog drilling machine box bottom surface;

[0021] Figure 5 For Figure 3 The vertical movement control state diagram in the coal rock sample;

[0022] Figure 6 For Figure 5 The straight tooth guide rail structure diagram in the coal rock sample.

[0023] In the figure, A, servo loading control device; B, analog drilling device; C, data acquisition device;

[0024] 1, servo controller; 2, servo pressure pump; 3, pressure sensor; 4, hydraulic pipe; 5, fixed support; 6, cover beam; 7, cover plate; 8, pressurized chamber; 9, first strain brick wire interface; 10, drill hole; 11, second strain brick wire interface; 12, signal transmission line; 13, strain monitoring instrument; 14, computer; 15, data acquisition instrument; 16, stress loading tank; 17, transmission gear; 18, transmission chain; 19, linear optical axis slide rail slider; 20, analog drilling machine box; 21, reinforced spiral drill bit; 22, optical axis guide rail; 23, optical axis guide rail slider; 24, straight tooth guide rail; 25, straight tooth guide rail slider; 26, linear optical axis slide rail; 27, frame; 28, locking bolt; 29, slide rail base; 30, rotating handle; 31, hexagonal nut; 32, pressurized chamber joint; 33, moving block; 35, base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The utility model will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples:

[0026] In order to clearly describe the utility model content, this patent application uses the orientation words '' up '' '' down '' '' left '' '' right '' to distinguish, the '' up '' '' down '' '' left '' '' right '' is determined according to the layout of the above drawing, in the actual use direction of the utility model changes, the orientation of its call changes with it, cannot be regarded as the limitation of patent protection scope.

[0027] As Figure 1 Indicated, the utility model includes:

[0028] Servo loading control device A contains three-way hydraulic pipe, is connected in the pressurized chamber of analog drilling device B, and three-way independent loading to the coal rock sample in analog drilling device B is implemented;

[0029] Analog drilling device B has the well platform of loading and unloading and analog drilling machine, and the well platform is used to fill the coal rock sample, and the drilling process is simulated under the loading and unloading state of coal rock sample;

[0030] The data acquisition device C is connected with the strain brick sensor embedded in the coal rock sample, and real-time acquisition of stress and strain data generated by the strain brick sensor in the coal rock sample during the simulated drilling process is realized.

[0031] The servo loading control device A comprises a servo controller 1, a servo pressure pump 2, pressure sensors 3 and hydraulic pipes 4. The servo pressure pump 2 is connected with the servo controller 1 through a data line. The servo pressure pump 2 has X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis pressurizing channels. Each pressurizing channel is connected with a pressurizing chamber 8 of the simulated drilling device B through three hydraulic pipes 4. Three pressure sensors 3 are correspondingly arranged on the three hydraulic pipes 4. The pressure sensors 3 output signals to the servo controller 1.

[0032] The servo controller 1 is a high-performance microcomputer, which is mainly responsible for sending instructions to the servo pressure pump 2 and receiving and processing data of the servo pressure pump 2 measured by the pressure sensors 3 on the hydraulic pipes 4. The servo pressure pump 2 is a key component of the servo loading control device, which can realize pressure control of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the simulated drilling device B. The maximum bearing pressure of the pressure sensor 3 is 25 MPa, and the minimum measurement accuracy is 0.25% F·S (F·S refers to the instrument accuracy tested under full scale).

[0033] The simulated drilling device B mainly comprises a derrick platform, as shown in Figure 2 The derrick platform comprises a base 35, a fixed support column 5, a cover plate cross beam 6, a cover plate 7, a pressurizing chamber 8, a stress loading tank body 16, a moving block 33, a hexagonal nut 31 and a pressurizing connector 32.

[0034] The stress loading tank body 16 is placed on the base 35. The stress loading tank body 16 has four moving blocks 33 inside to form a cavity for placing the coal rock sample. The pressurizing chamber 8 is a hydraulic oil sealed cavity composed of the inner wall of the stress loading tank body 16 and the moving block 33. The X-direction and Y-direction pressure in the pressurizing chamber 8 is controlled by the servo pressure pump 2. The pressure in the pressurizing chamber 8 is controlled to push the moving block 33 to move radially and press the coal rock sample, so as to realize loading and unloading of the coal rock sample. The fixed support column 5 is vertically fixed on the base 35. The cover plate 7 is placed on the coal rock sample. The hexagonal nut 31 on the upper part of the fixed support column 5 is screwed with the pressurizing connector 32. The cover plate 7 is pressed by the cover plate cross beam 6.

[0035] The first strain brick lead interface 9 and the second strain brick lead interface 11 connected with the signal transmission line 12 are arranged on the cover plate 7, and the drilling hole 10 is reserved.

[0036] The derrick platform is used to simulate the drilling process of the coal rock sample under the loading and unloading state. The prepared coal rock sample is placed in the cavity surrounded by the moving block 33 inside the stress loading tank 16, and the cover plate 7 is placed on the top of the coal rock sample, and the cover plate 7 is locked and fixed by the cover plate beam 6 through the bolt. After fixing the coal rock sample, the pressure and loading rate in the X and Y directions are input on the servo controller 1, and the servo pressure pump starts to load the pressure chamber 8 according to the set pressure value, and loads the stress to the coal rock sample. When the pressure increases to the set pressure value, the constant pressure is maintained, and the simulation drilling tool is started to complete the simulation drilling experiment.

[0037] The simulation drilling device B further comprises a moving control platform for controlling the drilling position and providing fixed support for the drilling machine box. As shown in Figure 3 The moving control platform comprises a transmission gear 17, a transmission chain 18, a linear optical shaft sliding rail sliding block 19, a simulation drilling machine box 20, a reinforced spiral drill bit 21, an optical shaft guide rail 22, an optical shaft guide rail sliding block 23, a straight tooth guide rail 24, a straight tooth guide rail sliding block 25, a linear optical shaft sliding rail 26 and a frame 27.

[0038] The frame 27 comprises three layers of frame beams. The derrick platform is arranged on the lower layer of the frame of the moving control platform. The optical shaft guide rails 22 are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the opposite left and right sides of the upper and middle frame beams. Each optical shaft guide rail 22 is provided with an optical shaft guide rail sliding block 23. The straight tooth guide rails 24 are fixed between the upper and lower optical shaft guide rail sliding blocks 23 on the opposite left and right sides. The straight tooth guide rail sliding blocks 25 are arranged on the straight tooth guide rails 24. The U-shaped iron is connected and fixed to the two ends of the two linear optical shaft sliding rails 26 by bolts to form a closed square frame. The two ends of the square frame are installed on the straight tooth guide rail sliding blocks 25. The simulation drilling machine box 20 is sleeved on the two linear optical shaft sliding rails 26 through the linear optical shaft sliding rail sliding block 19 arranged at the bottom of the simulation drilling machine box 20. The reinforced spiral drill bit 21 is arranged below the simulation drilling machine box 20. The rotating handle 30 is arranged in one of the left and right straight tooth guide rail sliding blocks 25. The rotating handle 30 is arranged on the shaft of the transmission gear 17. The other straight tooth guide rail sliding block is only provided with the transmission gear 17. The transmission chain 18 is connected between the two transmission gears 17 to realize the transmission linkage of the two straight tooth guide rail sliding blocks 25. The rotating handle on the straight tooth guide rail sliding block 25 is shaken to realize that the straight tooth guide rail sliding blocks 25 on both sides can drive the reinforced spiral drill bit 21 of the simulation drilling machine box 20 to drill vertically downward synchronously.

[0039] The mobile control platform adjusts the longitudinal, lateral and vertical positions of the reinforced spiral drill bit 21 through the optical axis guide rail slider 23, the linear optical axis sliding rail slider 19 and the straight tooth guide rail slider 25, and can control the drilling feeding force and drilling speed by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating handle, while the rotating speed of the reinforced spiral drill bit 21 can be steplessly adjusted by the motor gear position in the simulation drilling rig box 20, thereby providing simulation drilling power and realizing normal drilling of similar simulation drilling.

[0040] 1. The horizontal movement control state is shown in Figure 4 The simulation drilling rig box 20 is positioned by the linear optical axis sliding rail slider 19, the linear optical axis sliding rail 26, the locking bolt 28 and the sliding rail base 29. First, the bottom of the simulation drilling rig box 20 is fixed with the linear optical axis sliding rail slider 19, the linear optical axis sliding rail slider 19 slides with the linear optical axis sliding rail 26, and the locking bolt 28 is used to limit and lock the linear optical axis sliding rail slider 19. The end surface of the locking bolt 28 is clamped with the linear optical axis sliding rail 26 to generate static friction, which can lock the sliding rail slider 19. The sliding rail base 29 is a semicircular groove type base, which is bonded and fixed with the lower hemispherical surface of the linear optical axis sliding rail 26, so as to keep the fixed relationship between the sliding rail base 29 and the linear optical axis sliding rail 26. The sliding rail base 29 is the lower support of the linear optical axis sliding rail 26.

[0041] 2. The vertical movement control state is shown in Figure 5 The simulation drilling rig box 20 is controlled in the vertical direction by the straight tooth guide rail 24, the straight tooth guide rail slider 25 and the rotating handle 30. With the increase of the drilling depth, the straight tooth guide rail slider 25 moves downward along the straight tooth guide rail 24, and the transmission is completed through the straight tooth rack. The vertical downward movement speed is determined by the rotating speed of the rotating handle 30. After the single simulation drilling construction is completed, the horizontal movement control function of the simulation drilling device B can be used to move, so as to determine the next drilling hole position.

[0042] The straight tooth guide rail structure is shown in Figure 6 The straight tooth guide rail structure includes the straight tooth guide rail 24, the straight tooth guide rail slider 25 and the rotating handle 30. The gear in the straight tooth guide rail slider 25 is engaged with the guide rail rack of the straight tooth guide rail 24. When the rotating handle 30 is stationary, the straight tooth guide rail 24 and the straight tooth guide rail slider 25 are stable through the engagement force, realizing the horizontal and vertical movement control functions of the simulation drilling device B. When the rotating handle 30 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the vertical movement control platform of the simulation drilling device B moves up and down immediately, thereby realizing the simulation drilling or drilling.

[0043] The data acquisition device C comprises a strain monitor 13, a computer 14, a data acquisition instrument 15, a signal transmission line 12 and a strain brick sensor, the signal transmission line 12 is connected with the strain brick sensor at the front end, the other end of the signal transmission line is connected with the strain monitor 13, and the data acquisition instrument 15 obtains data from the strain monitor 13 and transmits the data to the computer 14.

[0044] During the simulation of the drilling experiment process, drilling data such as drilling depth, drilling residue amount, coal rock stress and strain are transmitted to the data acquisition device C in real time, and finally the data storage and display are completed by the computer 14. The data acquisition device C adopts a DH8302 type stress and strain monitor to collect stress and strain data generated during the simulation of the drilling experiment process in real time, and the data acquisition device C has 32 parallel and synchronous working data acquisition channels, can simultaneously collect 32 groups of strain data, the highest sampling rate is 1 MHz per channel, the strain range is up to ±100000με, the error is not more than 0.1%±3με, the indication stability is not more than 0.01% / day, and the computer 14 stores a large amount of stress and strain data collected in the system. The stress and strain data are mainly data for evaluating the drilling deformation degree and judging whether the drilling will collapse, and the stress and strain data can be used to adjust the drilling characteristic parameters under different coal rock conditions, so as to ensure the stability of the underground drilling.

[0045] Firstly, the servo loading control device A, the simulation drilling device B and the data acquisition device C are combined and connected, then the similar coal rock sample is placed in the inner cavity of the loading tank, the servo loading control device A is started to pressurize and keep constant pressure, the drilling machine box in the simulation drilling device B is opened, the electric drill in the box is started, the drilling position is adjusted through the horizontal movement control function, and then the drilling or reaming is started through the vertical movement control function. The device simulates the drilling characteristics of the coal rock layer under different ground stress and mining stress conditions, and according to the obtained drilling characteristic parameters such as hole depth, rotating speed, drilling speed and drilling deformation, the optimization of the actual drilling characteristic parameters of the underground coal rock layer is realized.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for dynamic similarity simulation of borehole drilling in coal and rock strata. Its characteristics include: The servo loading control device (A) includes three hydraulic lines connected to the pressurization chamber of the simulated drilling device (B) to implement three-dimensional independent loading of the coal and rock samples in the simulated drilling device (B). The simulated drilling device (B) has a loading and unloading derrick platform and a simulated drilling rig. The derrick platform is used to fill coal and rock samples and simulates the drilling process under the loading and unloading state of coal and rock samples. The data acquisition device (C) is connected to the strain brick sensor embedded in the coal and rock sample to collect stress and strain data generated by the strain brick sensor in the coal and rock sample in real time during the simulated drilling process.

2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The servo loading control device (A) includes a servo controller (1), a servo pressure pump (2), a pressure sensor (3), and a hydraulic line (4). The servo pressure pump (2) is connected to the servo controller (1) via a data cable. The servo pressure pump (2) has pressurization channels for the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Each pressurization channel is connected to the pressurization chamber of the simulated drilling device (B) via three hydraulic lines (4). Three pressure sensors (3) are mounted on the three hydraulic lines (4). The output signal of the pressure sensor (3) is transmitted to the servo controller (1).

3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulated drilling device (B) includes a derrick platform, which includes a base (35), a fixed support (5), a cover beam (6), a cover (7), a pressure chamber (8), a stress loading tank (16), a moving block (33), and a pressure joint (32). The stress loading tank (16) is placed on the base (35). Inside the stress loading tank (16), there are four moving blocks (33) forming a cavity for placing the coal and rock sample. The pressure chamber (8) is a hydraulic oil sealed cavity formed by the inner wall of the stress loading tank (16) and the moving blocks (33). The pressure in the pressure chamber (8) is controlled by the servo pressure pump (2). By controlling the pressure in the pressure chamber (8), the moving blocks (33) are pushed to move radially to squeeze the coal and rock sample. The fixed support (5) is fixed upright on the base (35). The cover plate (7) is placed on the coal and rock sample. The hexagonal nut (31) on the upper part of the fixed support (5) is screwed onto the pressure joint (32). The cover plate (7) is pressed by the cover plate crossbeam (6).

4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cover plate (7) is also provided with a first strain brick wire interface (9) and a second strain brick wire interface (11) for connecting the signal transmission line (12), and a drill hole (10) is reserved.

5. The experimental apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The simulated drilling device (B) also includes a mobile control platform, which includes a transmission gear (17), a transmission chain (18), a linear optical axis slide rail slider (19), a simulated drilling rig box (20), a reinforced auger drill bit (21), an optical axis guide rail (22), an optical axis guide rail slider (23), a straight tooth guide rail (24), a straight tooth guide rail slider (25), a linear optical axis slide rail (26), and a frame (27). The frame (27) comprises three layers of frame beams, and the derrick platform is placed on the lower layer of the frame of the mobile control platform; optical axis guide rails (22) are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the upper and middle frame beams respectively, and each optical axis guide rail (22) is provided with an optical axis guide rail slider (23). A straight toothed guide rail (24) is fixed between the upper and lower optical axis guide rail sliders (23) on both sides, and a straight toothed guide rail slider (25) is mounted on the straight toothed guide rail (24). The U-shaped iron is connected and fixed to the two ends of the two straight optical axis guide rails (26) respectively with bolts to form a closed square frame. The two ends of the square frame are equipped with Mounted on the straight tooth guide rail slider (25), the simulated drilling rig box (20) is connected to two straight optical axis slide rails (26) through the straight optical axis slide rail slider (19) mounted at the bottom. The simulated drilling rig box (20) is equipped with a reinforced spiral drill bit (21) below. A rotating handle (30) is set on one of the two straight tooth guide rail sliders (25), and a transmission gear (17) is installed on the shaft of the rotating handle (30). The other straight tooth guide rail slider is only equipped with a transmission gear (17). The two transmission gears (17) are connected by a transmission chain (18) to realize the transmission linkage of the two straight tooth guide rail sliders (25).

6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data acquisition device (C) includes a strain monitor (13), a computer (14), a data acquisition device (15), a signal transmission line (12), and a strain brick sensor. The front end of the signal transmission line (12) is connected to the strain brick sensor, and the other end of the signal transmission line is connected to the strain monitor (13). The data acquisition device (15) acquires data from the strain monitor (13) and transmits it to the computer (14).

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