Self-adaptive rotary steering drilling tool

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of drilling tools for wells, in particular to a self-adaptive rotary steering drilling tool which comprises a drill bit body and a damping column, a plurality of blades are sequentially arranged on the crown portion of the drill bit body in the circumferential direction, the cutting faces of the blades are fixedly connected with a plurality of cutting teeth, and mounting holes are formed in the outer side faces of the blades. Steel sleeves are fixedly arranged in the mounting holes, the damping columns are movably inserted in the steel sleeves, the ends, located in the steel sleeves, of the damping columns are fixedly connected with connecting bases, adjusting plates are arranged between the connecting bases and the bottoms of the steel sleeves, and outer-layer low-rigidity spiral springs are connected between the adjusting plates and the connecting bases. An inner layer high-rigidity conical spring is arranged on the inner side of the outer layer low-rigidity spiral spring, and an adjusting assembly for adjusting the adjusting plate and the bottom of the steel sleeve is arranged on the steel sleeve. The drill bit can better adapt to different pressure requirements, and the drill bit is prevented from bearing overlarge impact force, so that the cutting teeth are protected, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of well drilling tools, and more specifically to an adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the exploration and development of resources such as oil and gas, rotary steerable drilling technology is key to achieving efficient and precise drilling. However, existing rotary steerable drilling tools still have some problems that need to be solved when dealing with complex and variable formation conditions.

[0003] A Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN216588473U discloses an adaptive PDC drill bit, comprising a drill bit body and a damping column. The drill bit body has multiple cutter wings arranged circumferentially on its crown, with multiple cutting teeth fixedly connected to the cutting surfaces of the wings. Mounting holes are provided on the outer surfaces of the cutter wings. The damping column includes a spring and a column body disposed within the mounting holes. The column body has the ability to reciprocate axially along the mounting holes. The inner end of the spring is connected to the mounting holes, and the outer end of the spring is connected to the inner end of the column body, with the spring pushing the outer end of the column body out of the mounting holes. This utility model effectively controls the force on various parts of the drill bit through the damping column, preventing cutting tooth breakage and enabling the drill bit to adapt to formation pressure.

[0004] However, this structure uses a single spring for vibration damping. When encountering sudden or frequent changes in formation hardness, the stiffness of a single spring is insufficient to adapt to different pressure requirements, easily leading to excessive impact force on the drill bit, causing damage to the cutting teeth and shortening the drill bit's lifespan. Furthermore, this simple damping structure has a slow response speed during the buffering process, failing to effectively reduce drill bit vibration in a timely manner, thus affecting drilling stability and efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool that can better adapt to different pressure requirements, avoid excessive impact on the drill bit, thereby protecting the cutting teeth and extending the service life of the drill bit.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] An adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool includes a drill bit body and a shock absorber column. The crown of the drill bit body is provided with multiple blades arranged sequentially along the circumference. Multiple cutting teeth are fixedly connected to the cutting surfaces of the blades. Mounting holes are provided on the outer surfaces of the blades. A steel sleeve is fixedly installed in the mounting holes. The shock absorber column is movably inserted into the steel sleeve. A connecting seat is fixedly connected to one end of the shock absorber column located inside the steel sleeve. An adjusting plate is provided between the connecting seat and the bottom of the steel sleeve. An outer low-stiffness helical spring is connected between the adjusting plate and the connecting seat. An inner high-stiffness conical spring is provided inside the outer low-stiffness helical spring. An adjusting assembly is provided on the steel sleeve to adjust the adjusting plate and the bottom of the steel sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the inner high-stiffness conical spring is connected to the adjusting plate, and a gap is left between the top of the inner high-stiffness conical spring and the bottom of the connecting seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the adjusting assembly includes a guide rod vertically fixedly connected inside the steel sleeve, an adjusting plate and a connecting seat slidably sleeved on the guide rod, an adjusting rod rotatably disposed inside the steel sleeve, the adjusting rod being arranged parallel to the guide rod, one end of the adjusting rod passing through to the outside of the steel sleeve and fixedly connected to an adjusting block, the bottom of the adjusting rod having an external thread section, the adjusting plate being threadedly connected to the external thread section, and the connecting seat slidably sleeved on the adjusting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the outer side of the steel sleeve, the adjusting block is located in the groove, and a rotating groove is provided on the top of the adjusting block.

[0011] Furthermore, a sealing rubber ring is provided between the shock-absorbing column and the steel sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the end of the shock-absorbing column located on the outside of the steel sleeve has a hemispherical structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer surface of the end of the shock-absorbing column located outside the steel sleeve is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0015] In this application, the outer low-stiffness helical spring deforms under relatively small loads, providing initial buffering for the drill bit and effectively coping with minor changes in formation pressure. When encountering larger loads, such as a sudden increase in formation hardness, the inner high-stiffness conical spring begins to compress, working together with the outer spring to achieve graded vibration reduction. Compared to a single spring structure, this multi-stage vibration reduction method can better adapt to different pressure requirements, preventing the drill bit from bearing excessive impact force, thereby protecting the cutting teeth and extending the service life of the drill bit. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] 1. Drill bit body; 2. Shock absorber column; 3. Cutting blade; 4. Cutting teeth; 5. Steel sleeve; 6. Connecting seat; 7. Adjusting plate; 8. Outer low-stiffness helical spring; 9. Inner high-stiffness conical spring; 10. Guide rod; 11. Adjusting rod; 12. Adjusting block; 13. Rotating groove; 14. Sealing rubber ring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool includes a drill bit body 1 and a shock-absorbing column 2. The crown of the drill bit body 1 is provided with a plurality of cutter wings 3 arranged sequentially along the circumference. The cutting surfaces of the cutter wings 3 are fixedly connected with a plurality of cutting teeth 4. The outer surface of the cutter wings 3 is provided with a mounting hole, and a steel sleeve 5 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole. The shock-absorbing column 2 is movably inserted into the steel sleeve 5. The tool is characterized in that: one end of the shock-absorbing column 2 located inside the steel sleeve 5 is fixedly connected to a connecting seat 6. An adjusting plate 7 is provided between the connecting seat 6 and the bottom of the steel sleeve 5. An outer low-stiffness helical spring 8 is connected between the adjusting plate 7 and the connecting seat 6. An inner high-stiffness conical spring 9 is provided on the inner side of the outer low-stiffness helical spring 8. An adjusting assembly is provided on the steel sleeve 5 to adjust the adjusting plate 7 and the bottom of the steel sleeve 5.

[0020] One end of the inner high-stiffness conical spring 9 is connected to the adjusting plate 7, and a gap is left between the top of the inner high-stiffness conical spring 9 and the bottom of the connecting seat 6. This gap ensures that under small loads, only the outer low-stiffness helical spring 8 functions, while the inner high-stiffness conical spring 9 does not participate in compression, achieving orderly operation of the two-stage springs. This design makes the graded damping function of the shock absorption system more clear and reliable, avoiding premature intervention of the inner high-stiffness conical spring 9 when it is not needed, and ensuring the efficient operation of the shock absorption system.

[0021] The adjustment assembly includes a guide rod 10 vertically fixedly connected inside the steel sleeve 5. An adjusting plate 7 and a connecting seat 6 are slidably fitted onto the guide rod 10. An adjusting rod 11 is rotatably disposed inside the steel sleeve 5, parallel to the guide rod 10. One end of the adjusting rod 11 extends to the outside of the steel sleeve 5 and is fixedly connected to an adjusting block 12. The bottom of the adjusting rod 11 has an external thread section, and the adjusting plate 7 is threadedly connected to this external thread section. The connecting seat 6 is slidably fitted onto the adjusting rod 11. Rotating the adjusting block 12 causes the adjusting rod 11 to rotate, thereby driving the adjusting plate 7 to move up and down along the guide rod 10, achieving precise adjustment of the preload of the outer low-stiffness helical spring 8. This structural design makes the preload adjustment operation more convenient and precise, improving the operability of the tool.

[0022] The outer side of the steel sleeve 5 is provided with a groove, the adjusting block 12 is located in the groove, and the top of the adjusting block 12 is provided with a rotating groove 13. The groove design can protect the adjusting block 12 from external collisions and damage during drilling. The rotating groove makes it convenient for operators to use tools (such as screwdrivers) to rotate the adjusting block 12, further improving the convenience of adjustment operation.

[0023] A sealing rubber ring 14 is provided between the shock-absorbing column 2 and the steel sleeve 5. The sealing rubber ring 14 can effectively prevent drilling fluid, rock cuttings and other impurities from entering the interior of the steel sleeve 5, avoid these impurities from causing wear and corrosion to the spring and adjustment components, ensure the normal operation of the shock absorption system and adjustment components, and extend the service life of the tool.

[0024] The shock-absorbing column 2 has a hemispherical structure at one end located on the outside of the steel sleeve 5.

[0025] The outer surface of the end of the shock-absorbing column 2 located outside the steel sleeve 5 is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer. Tungsten carbide has high hardness and good wear resistance, which can effectively resist the wear of the formation, extend the service life of the shock-absorbing column 2, reduce the decline in shock absorption performance caused by the wear of the shock-absorbing column 2, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the drilling tool.

[0026] Working principle:

[0027] When the drilling tool begins operation, the drill bit contacts the formation, and the formation pressure acts on the shock absorber 2. Under relatively low pressure, the outer low-stiffness helical spring 8 first undergoes compression deformation, providing cushioning for the drill bit and absorbing some of the impact force. As the formation pressure increases and exceeds a certain threshold, the inner high-stiffness conical spring 9 begins to compress together with the outer low-stiffness helical spring 8, providing greater cushioning force to accommodate the increased pressure.

[0028] During drilling, the operator can adjust the preload of the drill bit by rotating the adjusting block 12 to rotate the adjusting rod 11, thereby causing the adjusting plate 7 to move up and down along the guide rod 10, based on the actual formation conditions.

[0029] This application employs a nested double-spring structure and an adjustable pre-pressure design, enabling the drilling tool to better adapt to formations of varying hardness and pressure. Whether in soft or hard formations, it effectively reduces drill bit vibration, protects cutting teeth, and improves drilling efficiency. A multi-stage damping system and wear-resistant design (such as a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer) reduce wear on the drill bit and damping column 2. A sealing rubber ring 14 prevents impurities from entering the internal structure. These measures contribute to extending the service life of the drilling tool and reducing operating costs. The design of the adjustment components allows operators to conveniently and precisely adjust the drill bit pre-pressure, improving the tool's operability and flexibility, and better meeting the needs of actual drilling operations.

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool, comprising a drill bit body (1) and a shock absorber (2), wherein the crown of the drill bit body (1) is provided with a plurality of cutter wings (3) arranged sequentially along the circumference, the cutting surfaces of the cutter wings (3) are fixedly connected with a plurality of cutting teeth (4), the outer surface of the cutter wings (3) is provided with mounting holes, a steel sleeve (5) is fixedly disposed in the mounting holes, and the shock absorber (2) is movably inserted into the steel sleeve (5), characterized in that: The shock-absorbing column (2) is fixedly connected to a connecting seat (6) at one end inside the steel sleeve (5). An adjusting plate (7) is provided between the connecting seat (6) and the bottom of the steel sleeve (5). An outer low-stiffness helical spring (8) is connected between the adjusting plate (7) and the connecting seat (6). An inner high-stiffness conical spring (9) is provided on the inner side of the outer low-stiffness helical spring (8). An adjusting assembly for adjusting the adjusting plate (7) and the bottom of the steel sleeve (5) is provided on the steel sleeve (5).

2. The adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the inner high-stiffness conical spring (9) is connected to the adjusting plate (7), and there is a gap between the top of the inner high-stiffness conical spring (9) and the bottom of the connecting seat (6).

3. The adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes a guide rod (10) vertically fixedly connected inside the steel sleeve (5), an adjustment plate (7) and a connecting seat (6) slidably sleeved on the guide rod (10), an adjustment rod (11) rotatably arranged inside the steel sleeve (5), the adjustment rod (11) being arranged parallel to the guide rod (10), one end of the adjustment rod (11) passing through to the outside of the steel sleeve (5) and fixedly connected to an adjustment block (12), the bottom of the adjustment rod (11) having an external thread section, the adjustment plate (7) being threadedly connected to the external thread section, and the connecting seat (6) slidably sleeved on the adjustment rod (11).

4. The adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side of the steel sleeve (5) is provided with a groove, the adjusting block (12) is located in the groove, and the top of the adjusting block (12) is provided with a rotating groove (13).

5. The adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing rubber ring (14) is provided between the shock-absorbing column (2) and the steel sleeve (5).

6. The adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The shock-absorbing column (2) has a hemispherical structure at one end located outside the steel sleeve (5).

7. The adaptive rotary steerable drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the shock-absorbing column (2) located outside the steel sleeve (5) is coated with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer.

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