Split type self-locking locknut

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of fasteners, in particular to a split type self-locking locknut which comprises a nut body, the outer diameter of the upper end of the nut body is larger than that of the lower end of the nut body, the small end of the lower portion of the nut body is used for abutting against and fastening equipment, and first ratchets are evenly arranged on the circumference of the step face between the large end and the small end of the nut body. The outer side of the small end of the nut body is sleeved with a limiting ring, second ratchets matched with the first ratchets are evenly arranged on the end face of the end, close to the first ratchets, of the limiting ring in the circumferential direction, the end face of the end, away from the first ratchets, of the limiting ring extends outwards to be provided with multiple fixed rods, and the multiple fixed rods are evenly arranged on the limiting ring in the circumferential direction. According to the self-locking nut, due to the fact that the limiting ring is designed in a split mode, the locking effect of the nut is improved, the nut is prevented from loosening due to vibration, the firmness of connection between the nut and a bolt is improved, and meanwhile the self-locking nut can be used repeatedly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fastener technology, specifically to a split-type self-locking anti-loosening nut. Background Technology

[0002] Nuts, as fastening parts used in conjunction with bolts or screws, are widely used in mechanical assembly. Traditional nuts suffer from significant deficiencies in self-locking performance during practical use, primarily in the following aspects: First, conventional nuts rely solely on the friction between the threads for anti-loosening, making them prone to loosening under equipment vibration or alternating loads. Second, existing anti-loosening technologies often employ thread fillers or shims, which not only have limited anti-loosening effectiveness but also suffer from poor reusability, often requiring replacement of the relevant parts after maintenance. Third, most self-locking nuts on the market are one-piece designs, making disassembly inconvenient for maintenance and damaging the self-locking function after disassembly. More importantly, these defects severely impact the reliability and service life of fasteners, causing considerable inconvenience for equipment maintenance. Therefore, existing technologies urgently need improvement to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a split self-locking anti-loosening nut.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a split-type self-locking anti-loosening nut, comprising a nut body, wherein the outer diameter of the upper end of the nut body is larger than the outer diameter of the lower end, and the lower small end of the nut body is used to abut against and fasten with equipment. A ratchet tooth I is uniformly arranged circumferentially on the stepped surface between the large end and the small end of the nut body. A limiting ring is sleeved on the outer side of the small end of the nut body. A ratchet tooth II, which is adapted to the ratchet tooth I, is uniformly arranged circumferentially on the end face of the limiting ring near the ratchet tooth I. A fixed rod is provided extending outward from the end face of the limiting ring away from the ratchet tooth I. Multiple fixed rods are uniformly arranged circumferentially on the limiting ring, and a spring is fixedly provided on the end of each fixed rod away from the limiting ring.

[0005] In some embodiments, a through groove is provided on the large end face of the nut body corresponding to a ratchet tooth. At least two through grooves are evenly provided on the nut body, and the length of the end face of the through groove is at least greater than the distance between two adjacent ratchet teeth.

[0006] In some embodiments, the nut body is fitted with a pressing member, and one end surface of the pressing member is surrounded by a push rod that matches the number of through slots and is paired with all through slots. The end face length of the push rod is adapted to the length of the through slot, and the length of the push rod is greater than the thickness of the large end of the nut body.

[0007] In some embodiments, the surface of the device to be fixed is provided with fixed holes corresponding to all fixed rods.

[0008] In some embodiments, the height of the limiting ring is less than the height of the small end of the nut body, and the overall height of the limiting ring and the fixed rod is greater than the height of the small end of the nut body.

[0009] In some embodiments, the large end face of the nut body is provided with a cap, and the cap is provided with a closing protrusion corresponding to each through groove.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: by the meshing and limiting action of ratchet one and ratchet two combined with the elastic pressing action of the spring, it can still maintain stable self-locking under vibration or alternating load. At the same time, the detachable pressing part and the cover structure realize convenient maintenance and dust protection. It has the advantages of reliable self-locking and anti-loosening through ratchet meshing and spring limiting, easy maintenance and reusability.

[0011] Details of one or more embodiments of this application are set forth in the following drawings and description to make other features, objects and advantages of this application more readily apparent. The embodiments of this application will provide a detailed description and understanding of the application. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection and fit between the nut and the equipment according to this utility model;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the nut end face of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing component structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mating of the pressing component and the nut in this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Nut body; 2. Rattle tooth one; 3. Rattle tooth two; 4. Limiting ring; 5. Fixed rod; 6. Spring; 7. Through groove; 8. Pressing part; 9. Push rod; 10. Fixed hole; 11. Cover; 12. Equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0021] In existing technologies, nuts, as fasteners, often loosen due to vibration. Traditional methods increase friction by adding thread filler or anti-loosening washers, but these methods have limited self-locking effectiveness and cannot be reused. For example, during the long-term operation of mechanical equipment, the vibration generated by frequent start-stop cycles can easily cause nuts to gradually loosen. Existing self-locking structures often lose their original performance after maintenance, requiring component replacement and increasing maintenance costs.

[0022] To address the aforementioned issues, the inventors noted that existing self-locking structures rely on single friction or shim restraint, lacking dynamic adjustment capabilities. Analysis of the mechanism by which vibration causes loosening revealed that insufficient reverse rotation resistance is the key factor. Therefore, they proposed a split-type design incorporating an engagement restraint structure, utilizing elastic elements to maintain dynamic contact and enabling controllable switching between tightening and loosening.

[0023] Therefore, as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this application proposes a split-type self-locking anti-loosening nut, including a nut body. The outer diameter of the upper end of the nut body is larger than that of the lower end. The lower small end is used to abut against and fasten with the equipment. A ratchet tooth is evenly arranged on the circumference of the stepped surface between the large end and the small end. A limiting ring is sleeved on the outside of the small end. The end face of the ring near the ratchet tooth is provided with a ratchet tooth that matches the ratchet tooth. Multiple fixed rods are provided on the other end. A spring is fixed at the end of the fixed rod away from the limiting ring.

[0024] The stepped surface formed by the large and small ends of the nut body provides installation space for ratchet tooth one, for example, by using a stepped shaft structure to achieve the difference in outer diameter. The meshing of ratchet tooth one and ratchet tooth two is achieved through the design of the tooth surface inclination angle, for example, by using a one-way helical tooth structure, allowing sliding during forward rotation and locking during reverse rotation. The fixed rod of the limiting ring can be set as a cylindrical rod, for example, made of stainless steel, and its extension length is adjusted according to the spring compression. The spring can be a helical spring, for example, made of high carbon steel, which provides continuous elastic force through pre-compression to keep the limiting ring in contact with the nut body.

[0025] Specifically, the nut body and the retaining ring form a self-locking mechanism through ratchet engagement. When the nut is tightened in the forward direction, ratchet teeth one and two slide relative to each other, and the spring is compressed and stores energy. When vibration causes the nut to rotate in the reverse direction, the ratchet engagement prevents relative movement. After the fixed rod is inserted into the fixed hole on the surface of the equipment, the spring releases its elastic force, pushing the retaining ring into close contact with the nut body, ensuring that the ratchet is always engaged. During disassembly, external force overcomes the spring pressure, causing the retaining ring to separate from the nut body, the ratchet disengages, and reverse rotation is achieved.

[0026] Compared to existing technologies, traditional self-locking structures rely on static friction or shim deformation, which are prone to failure due to material fatigue. This solution combines dynamic engagement with elastic limiting; ratchet engagement provides rigid blocking, and springs compensate for contact surface wear, preventing loosening caused by vibration or material deformation. Furthermore, the modular design allows for repeated disassembly, and the self-locking performance can be maintained after maintenance via spring reset.

[0027] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problems of easy loosening of nuts under vibration and the non-reusability of the self-locking structure. The ratchet engagement provides reliable reverse locking, the spring elasticity ensures dynamic contact between the limit ring and the nut body, and the fixed rod and fixed hole provide stable guidance. This structure maintains its self-locking effect even after multiple maintenance cycles, eliminating the need to replace parts and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0028] This application further proposes that the large end face of the nut body is provided with a through groove at one of the ratchet teeth, and at least two through grooves are evenly provided on the nut body, and the length of the end face of the through groove is at least greater than the distance between two adjacent ratchet teeth.

[0029] The through groove refers to a channel structure that penetrates the large end face of the nut body. It can be formed by milling or stamping and is used to accommodate the insertion of the push rod of the pressing component and transmit axial thrust. "Uniformly distributed" means that the through grooves are evenly distributed circumferentially along the large end face of the nut body. This can be achieved using a symmetrical layout to ensure uniform force distribution when the push rod applies force. The end face length refers to the circumferential extension dimension of the through groove along the nut body. It can be an arc-shaped groove or a straight groove structure, and its length must cover the distance between at least two adjacent ratchet teeth, allowing the push rod end face to act on two ratchet tooth areas simultaneously.

[0030] Specifically, the design of the through groove's end face length being greater than the distance between adjacent ratchet teeth ensures that after the push rod is inserted into the through groove, its end can simultaneously contact the areas corresponding to the two ratchet teeth. When the pressing component is pushed, the push rod applies an axial thrust to the limiting ring through the through groove, forcing the limiting ring to separate from the nut body. At this time, the engagement between ratchet tooth one and ratchet tooth two is released, and the nut body can rotate freely in the opposite direction. Because the push rod's end face covers the two ratchet tooth areas, the push rod remains in contact with the ratchet teeth throughout the rotation of the nut body, preventing the push rod from getting stuck at the edge of the ratchet teeth due to single-point force.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, this application disperses the axial thrust to two ratchet areas through the cooperation of the through groove and the push rod, reducing the risk of single-point force. At the same time, the uniform distribution of the through groove makes the force applied by the push rod more stable, avoiding the phenomenon of uneven load or jamming during disassembly.

[0032] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of easy jamming of the ratchet meshing surface when disassembling the anti-loosening nut, realizes the rapid separation of the nut body and the limiting ring, reduces the risk of structural damage during maintenance, and at the same time, the symmetrical layout of the through groove improves the reliability of the disassembly operation, making the nut reusable and maintaining its self-locking performance.

[0033] This application further proposes a split-type self-locking anti-loosening nut, which is equipped with a pressing element such as... Figures 6 to 7 As shown, one end surface of the pressure member is surrounded by push rods that match the number of through slots and are paired with all through slots. The length of the push rod's end face is adapted to the length of the through slot, and the length of the push rod is greater than the thickness of the large end of the nut body. The pressure member is not needed when the nut is normally tightening the equipment. When the equipment needs maintenance or the nut needs to be loosened, the pressure member is engaged with the nut body, and pushing the pressure member causes the push rod to push the limiting ring away from the nut body. After the two ratchet teeth separate, the nut is then rotated in the opposite direction to achieve disassembly. The length of the through slot's end face is greater than the distance between two adjacent ratchet teeth, ensuring that the end face of the push rod can press against at least two ratchet teeth, preventing the ratchet teeth from jamming the end face of the push rod.

[0034] The pressing component refers to an auxiliary tool that detachably engages with the nut body. It can be a ring-shaped structure made of metal or high-strength plastic, with push rods distributed around its surface. These push rods are inserted into the through-slot and push the limiting ring axially, thereby disengaging ratchet teeth one and two. The push rod is a columnar structure matching the number and position of the through-slots. It can be cylindrical or square, with its end face length matching the through-slot length to ensure it covers at least two ratchet areas after insertion. The rod length exceeds the thickness of the large end of the nut body to ensure sufficient displacement when pushing the limiting ring. The through-slot's end face length being greater than the distance between two adjacent ratchet teeth refers to the through-slot's circumferential dimension along the nut body. Specifically, it can be designed to cover the distribution range of more than two ratchet teeth, allowing the push rod to act on multiple ratchet areas simultaneously after insertion, preventing localized jamming of the push rod by ratchet teeth two during rotation.

[0035] Specifically, when the nut needs to be removed, the retaining member is installed at the large end of the nut body, and the push rod is inserted into the corresponding through slot. By applying axial thrust, the push rod pushes the limiting ring to move along the small end of the nut body, causing ratchet tooth two to disengage from ratchet tooth one. At this time, the nut body is rotated in the opposite direction, and ratchet tooth one and ratchet tooth two no longer exert a limiting effect, allowing the nut to be smoothly removed along the screw. The length design of the through slot ensures that the push rod always covers at least two ratchet tooth areas during rotation, avoiding local interference between the tooth surface of ratchet tooth two and the end of the push rod during rotation, thus ensuring the smoothness of the disassembly process.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, this solution, through the cooperation of the pressing part and the through groove, can quickly release the limit without damaging the ratchet structure. After disassembly, the self-locking function can be restored simply by resetting the limit ring, which significantly improves the maintainability and reusability of the nut.

[0037] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves non-destructive operation of anti-loosening nuts during maintenance and disassembly, avoiding the component scrapping problem caused by forced damage in traditional solutions. The introduction of the pressure component makes the ratchet separation action controllable and reversible, and the cooperation design of the through groove and push rod effectively eliminates the risk of jamming during rotation, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the disassembly operation.

[0038] This application further proposes a split-type self-locking anti-loosening nut. The surface of the equipment to be fixed has fixed holes corresponding to all fixed rods. In use, the spring and part of the fixed rods are placed in the fixed holes. When the nut body is tightened to the equipment to be fixed, the spring causes the limiting ring to abut against the nut body. At this time, the ratchet teeth one and two engage to limit the movement and prevent the nut body from loosening in the opposite direction.

[0039] The fixed hole refers to a hole on the surface of the equipment corresponding to the position of the fixed rod. It can be achieved through drilling or stamping. Its diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the fixed rod to accommodate the displacement of the spring and the fixed rod. The spring is a mechanical element with elastic deformation capability, specifically a helical spring or a disc spring. It generates a reverse force through compression deformation to keep the limiting ring in contact with the nut body. The meshing and limiting of ratchet teeth one and two refers to the unidirectional rotational constraint formed by the tooth structure. This can be achieved using helical teeth or trapezoidal teeth. When the nut body rotates in the opposite direction, ratchet tooth two, under spring pressure, mechanically interferes with ratchet tooth one.

[0040] Specifically, during assembly, the fixed rod and spring are pressed into the fixed hole on the surface of the equipment, with the spring in a pre-compressed state. When the nut body is tightened to the surface of the equipment, the limiting ring is pressed tightly against the stepped surface of the nut body by the spring force, at which point ratchet one and ratchet two are fully engaged. Under vibration or impact loads, if the nut body tends to rotate in the opposite direction, the tooth surface of ratchet two will be blocked by ratchet one, while the spring continues to apply axial pressure to maintain the engagement state between the two. When disassembly is required, the engagement constraint between the ratchets can be released by using external force to overcome the spring pressure and move the limiting ring axially.

[0041] Compared with existing technologies, this solution uses the cooperation of spring, fixed rod and fixed hole to ensure that the limiting ring always has axial pressure for automatic reset. It can still maintain effective engagement of ratchet after multiple disassembly and assembly, thus solving the defect that the anti-loosening structure in existing technologies cannot be reused.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves a continuous self-locking function after the nut body is fastened to the equipment. In a vibration environment, the ratchet engagement is maintained by spring pressure to prevent reverse loosening. At the same time, the mating structure of the fixed hole and fixed rod makes the axial displacement of the limiting ring controllable, ensuring both the feasibility of disassembly and the effective restoration of the anti-loosening function during reassembly after maintenance.

[0043] This application further proposes that the height of the limiting ring is less than the height of the small end of the nut body, and the overall height of the limiting ring and the fixed rod is greater than the height of the small end of the nut body.

[0044] The limiting ring is an annular component fitted onto the outer side of the small end of the nut body. It can be made of metal or high-strength engineering plastic and is used to limit movement by engaging ratchet tooth one of the nut body with ratchet tooth two. The fixed rod is a rod-shaped structure fixed to the end face of the limiting ring. It can be connected to the limiting ring by welding or integral molding and is used to keep the limiting ring in contact with the nut body under the action of the spring. The overall height refers to the total axial length of the limiting ring and the fixed rod combined. This can be achieved by adjusting the length of the fixed rod; for example, the length of the fixed rod can be 1.2-1.5 times the height of the small end of the nut body to ensure sufficient preload after spring compression.

[0045] Specifically, the height of the limiting ring alone is less than the height of the small end, ensuring that when the nut body is fastened to the equipment surface, the limiting ring will not extend beyond the small end face, avoiding interference with the equipment surface. However, the overall height of the limiting ring and the fixed rod combined is greater than the height of the small end. Therefore, under the action of the spring, the fixed rod pushes the limiting ring to maintain contact with the stepped surface of the nut body, ensuring full engagement of ratchet teeth one and two. When it is necessary to remove the nut, external force compresses the spring, causing the fixed rod to retract into the fixed hole on the equipment surface, thus disengaging the ratchet teeth.

[0046] Compared with existing technologies, this solution, through its split height design, ensures the stability of the limiting ring in the tightened state, and enables controllable separation through spring compression during disassembly, preventing components from falling off.

[0047] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the function of repeated nut disassembly while maintaining the anti-loosening effect. The height difference design between the limiting ring and the fixed rod ensures that the limiting ring is always within the controllable range of motion, preventing ratchet disengagement failure due to excessive compression and avoiding collision between the limiting ring and the equipment surface due to insufficient height, significantly improving the convenience of nut maintenance and structural reliability.

[0048] This application further proposes to provide a cap on the large end face of the nut body, with a sealing protrusion on the cap corresponding to each through slot. After the nut is tightened, the outer end of the nut body is sealed by the cap with the central hole, and all through slots are sealed at the same time to prevent dust or debris from entering the through slots and affecting the mating surfaces of the two ratchet teeth. When it is necessary to loosen the nut, the cap is removed, and then the pressing member is engaged with the nut body. The pressing member is pushed so that the push rod pushes the limiting ring to separate from the nut body. Then the two ratchet teeth separate, and the nut is removed from the screw by rotating the nut in the opposite direction.

[0049] The cap is a protective structure covering the outside of the large end of the nut body. It can be made of metal or engineering plastic and is fixed to the nut body by snaps or threads, with a central hole allowing the screw to pass through. The function of the cap is to seal the outer end of the nut body, preventing external impurities from entering. The sealing protrusion is a raised structure extending from the inner surface of the cap. It can be a strip or block design matching the shape of the through groove, with each sealing protrusion embedded inside the corresponding through groove, completely covering the groove opening. The function of the sealing protrusion is to prevent dust or debris from entering the ratchet engagement area through the through groove.

[0050] Specifically, after the nut body is tightened to the equipment, the cap is fitted onto the screw through the central hole and presses against the large end face of the nut body. The sealing protrusion is embedded inside the through groove, keeping the through groove sealed. At this time, particles from the external environment cannot enter the meshing area of ​​ratchet teeth one and two through the through groove, avoiding ratchet jamming or wear due to foreign matter accumulation. When it is necessary to disassemble the nut, the operator first removes the cap to expose the through groove, then inserts the push rod of the pressing part into the through groove and pushes the limiting ring to disengage ratchet teeth one and two. At this time, the nut can be easily disassembled by rotating it in the opposite direction.

[0051] Through the above technical solution, this application forms a closed protection after the nut is tightened, which avoids contamination of the ratchet mating surface and ensures reliable engagement after multiple disassemblies; at the same time, the cap is easy to disassemble, and the through groove function can be restored by simply removing the cap during maintenance, without the need to replace parts, which significantly improves the reusability and maintenance efficiency of the anti-loosening nut.

[0052] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A split self-locking lock nut, characterized by: The application relates to a nut body, the upper end outer diameter of the nut body is larger than the lower end outer diameter, the lower part of the small end of the nut body is used for abutting and fastening with equipment, the step surface between the large end and the small end of the nut body is uniformly provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth one in the circumferences, a limiting ring is arranged on the outer side of the small end of the nut body, the end surface of the limiting ring close to the ratchet teeth one is uniformly provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth two matched with the ratchet teeth one in the circumferences, the end surface of the limiting ring away from the ratchet teeth one is outwardly extended and provided with a positioning rod, a plurality of the positioning rods are uniformly arranged on the limiting ring in the circumferences, and a spring is fixedly arranged on the end of each positioning rod away from the limiting ring.

2. The split self-locking lock nut of claim 1, wherein: The large end surface of the nut body is provided with a through groove corresponding to the ratchet teeth one, at least two through grooves are uniformly arranged on the nut body, and the end surface length of the through groove is at least larger than the interval between two adjacent ratchet teeth.

3. The split self-locking nut of claim 2, wherein: The nut body is matched with a pressing part, the end surface of the pressing part is circumferentially provided with a plurality of top rods matched with all the through grooves, the end surface length of the top rod is matched with the length of the through groove, and the rod length of the top rod is larger than the thickness of the large end of the nut body.

4. The split self-locking nut of claim 1, wherein: The surface of the equipment to be fixed is matched with a positioning hole corresponding to all the positioning rods.

5. The split self-locking nut of claim 4, wherein: The height of the limiting ring is smaller than the height of the small end of the nut body, and the overall height of the limiting ring and the positioning rod is larger than the height of the small end of the nut body.

6. The split self-locking nut of claim 1, wherein: The large end surface of the nut body is provided with a cover, and the cover is provided with a closed protrusion corresponding to each through groove.

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