Power supply main control board and mobile power supply

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power supply main control board and a mobile power supply, and relates to the mobile power supply technology field, the power supply main control board comprises a main control MCU, an inverter enabling circuit, an inverter data communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit and a flat cable interface; the inverter enabling circuit comprises a first enabling sub-circuit and a second enabling sub-circuit; a first enable signal passes through a first resistor of the first enable sub-circuit and then is connected with the first optical coupler; a second enable signal passes through a second resistor of the second enable sub-circuit and then is connected with a second optical coupler; the inverter data communication circuit comprises a first communication sub-circuit and a second communication sub-circuit; the main control MCU is in first data transmission signal connection with the third optical coupler; a second data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected with the fourth optical coupler; the flat cable interface is used for leading out power supply internal signals or accessing external signals, the signals are all connected to the flat cable interface, signal transmission is accurately controlled, and the performance of the mobile power supply is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mobile power technology, and in particular to a power control board and a mobile power supply. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption and diversification of mobile electronic devices, power banks (also known as portable chargers or power banks) have become an indispensable part of daily life. They provide convenient power replenishment for various devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and laptops, greatly extending the usage time of these devices in environments without a fixed power source. However, the performance, safety, and reliability of power banks depend not only on the capacity and quality of their battery packs but also closely on their internal power management system.

[0003] However, existing power bank control boards have many shortcomings. In terms of power control, the enable circuit design is not refined enough, and the control of key components such as inverters is not precise and fast enough, making it difficult to meet the power supply requirements of some devices with high power response speed requirements, such as drones and high-performance handheld game consoles, which may lead to unstable power supply during use.

[0004] In data communication, the data transmission has poor anti-interference capabilities. In complex electromagnetic environments, such as large exhibitions and train stations, the data interaction between the main control board and external devices is easily interfered with, leading to data transmission errors or interruptions, making it impossible to achieve real-time status monitoring and effective control between the power bank and the device.

[0005] Furthermore, the types and functions of ribbon cable interfaces are limited. Most power bank main control board ribbon cable interfaces can only meet basic power transmission needs and cannot accommodate multiple signal transmission requirements. Moreover, the interface type lacks universality and cannot be adapted to external devices of different brands and models, which greatly limits the applicability and expandability of power banks. Utility Model Content

[0006] Based on the above problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a power supply main control board and a power bank, which improves the overall performance and user experience of the power bank by optimizing the inverter enable circuit and enhancing the isolation and anti-interference capabilities of the data communication circuit.

[0007] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] In the first aspect, this utility model provides a power supply main control board, including: a main control MCU, an inverter enable circuit, an inverter data communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit, and a ribbon cable interface.

[0009] The inverter enabling circuit includes a first enabling sub-circuit and a second enabling sub-circuit;

[0010] The first enable signal is connected to the first optocoupler after passing through the first resistor of the first enable sub-circuit; the first enable signal is isolated and converted through the first optocoupler; the second enable signal is connected to the second optocoupler after passing through the second resistor of the second enable sub-circuit; the second enable signal is isolated and converted through the second optocoupler; the second enable signal is a 485 enable signal.

[0011] The inverter data communication circuit includes a first communication sub-circuit and a second communication sub-circuit.

[0012] The first data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected to the third optocoupler after passing through the third resistor of the first communication sub-circuit; the first data transmission signal is isolated and converted by the third optocoupler; the second data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected to the fourth optocoupler after passing through the fourth resistor of the second communication sub-circuit; the second data transmission signal is isolated and converted by the fourth optocoupler.

[0013] The ribbon cable interface is used to lead out internal power signals or connect external signals. All enable signals are connected to the ribbon cable interface. The first data transmission signal and the second data transmission signal are both connected to the 485 communication circuit and the ribbon cable interface to realize data transmission interaction.

[0014] Preferably, the first, second, third, and fourth optical couplers each include a phototransistor and a light-emitting diode.

[0015] Preferably, the first enabling sub-circuit further includes a fifth resistor, the first enabling signal is connected to the input pin of the first optocoupler after passing through the first resistor, the output pin of the first optocoupler is connected to the first enabling signal output terminal after being connected to the fifth resistor, the input pin of the first optocoupler is located on the light-emitting diode side, and the output pin is located on the phototransistor side.

[0016] Preferably, the second enable sub-circuit further includes a sixth resistor and a field-effect transistor; the second enable signal is connected to the input pin of the second optocoupler after passing through the second resistor, the output signal of the second optocoupler is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, the source of the field-effect transistor is grounded, the drain is connected to the signal output terminal, and the gate is connected to the first power supply through the sixth resistor.

[0017] Preferably, the first communication sub-circuit further includes a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a capacitor; the first pin of the input side of the third optocoupler is connected to an external voltage; the second pin is connected to the first data transmission signal input port through the third resistor; one end of the seventh resistor is connected to the fourth pin of the output side of the third optocoupler, and the other end is connected to the first power supply; one end of the capacitor is connected to the fourth pin, and the other end is grounded; one end of the eighth resistor is connected to the fourth pin, and the other end is connected to the subsequent circuit; the input pin of the third optocoupler is located on the light-emitting diode side, and the output pin is located on the phototransistor side.

[0018] Preferably, the second communication sub-circuit further includes a ninth resistor and a tenth resistor. The first pin of the fourth optocoupler is connected to the first power supply, the second pin is connected to the output signal terminal through the tenth resistor, and the fourth pin is connected to the second data transmission signal input port through the fourth resistor. The ninth resistor is connected between the second voltage and the node where the fourth pin and the fourth resistor are connected.

[0019] Preferably, the 485 communication circuit includes a communication processing chip, which includes a differential signal channel pin, an enable pin, and a data interaction pin. The differential signal channel pin is connected to an external device via an external communication interface. The enable pin receives a 485 enable signal from a second enable sub-circuit to control the data transmission and reception mode of the communication processing chip. The data interaction pin connects to the signal isolated by the inverter data communication circuit from the main control MCU, thereby realizing data interaction between the inverter data communication circuit and the 485 communication circuit.

[0020] Preferably, the ribbon cable interface includes a first ribbon cable interface and a second ribbon cable interface.

[0021] Preferably, the ribbon cable interface is a unidirectional ribbon cable.

[0022] Secondly, this application provides a portable power bank, including any of the power control boards described in this application.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model include at least the following: the inverter enable circuit uses optocouplers to isolate and convert the enable signal through the first and second enable sub-circuits; for the first enable sub-circuit, if the AC enable signal is connected to the first optocoupler via the first resistor and then output through the fifth resistor, interference signals can be effectively filtered out, the output of the AC enable signal can be precisely controlled, and the inverter can be ensured to work stably in complex electromagnetic environments; in the second enable sub-circuit, the 485 enable signal is connected to the second optocoupler via the second resistor and then controls the field-effect transistor. This design makes the enable control of the 485 communication circuit more flexible and can quickly switch data transmission and reception modes according to different communication needs; the first and second communication sub-circuits of the inverter data communication circuit use the third and fourth optocouplers respectively to isolate and convert the first and second data transmission signals of the main control MCU. Taking the first communication sub-circuit as an example, the input side of the third optocoupler is connected to the external voltage and the first data transmission signal input port, and the output side is stabilized by a circuit composed of a seventh resistor, a capacitor, and an eighth resistor. The optocoupler's isolation function effectively avoids signal interference between different circuits, ensuring the accuracy and stability of data transmission. Even in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, reliable data interaction between the main control MCU and the 485 communication circuit can be achieved. The ribbon cable interface is designed as a unidirectional ribbon cable, including a first ribbon cable interface and a second ribbon cable interface, used for internal signal output and external signal input. All enable signals and the first and second data transmission signals are connected to the ribbon cable interface, greatly improving the interface's versatility and convenience. The communication processing chip of the 485 communication circuit is connected to external devices through differential signal channel pins. The enable pin receives the 485 enable signal from the second enable sub-circuit, and the data interaction pin connects to the signal isolated by the inverter's data communication circuit. This not only enables the power supply's main control board to adapt to various types of external devices, achieving broad compatibility, but also provides a foundation for possible future functional expansion. For example, new communication protocol modules or external sensors can be easily added, interacting with the 485 communication circuit through the ribbon cable interface, improving the overall performance and functional diversity of the power bank. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply main control board structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first enable sub-circuit of an embodiment of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second enabler circuit of this utility model embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first communication sub-circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second communication sub-circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the 485 communication circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first ribbon cable interface according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second ribbon cable interface according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0033] It should be noted that the embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, this application covers any alternatives, modifications, equivalent methods and solutions made within the spirit, principles and scope of this application as defined by the claims. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms "a" or "one," and similar words, do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including," and similar words, mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including," and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms "connected" or "linked," and similar words, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0035] The terms used to describe position and direction in this utility model are illustrated with the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0036] Example 1: This example provides a power supply main control board, including:

[0037] Main control MCU, inverter enable circuit, inverter data communication circuit, 485 communication circuit and ribbon cable interface;

[0038] The inverter enabling circuit includes a first enabling sub-circuit and a second enabling sub-circuit;

[0039] The first enable signal is connected to the first optocoupler after passing through the first resistor of the first enable sub-circuit; the first enable signal is isolated and converted through the first optocoupler; the second enable signal is connected to the second optocoupler after passing through the second resistor of the second enable sub-circuit; the second enable signal is isolated and converted through the second optocoupler; the second enable signal is a 485 enable signal.

[0040] The inverter data communication circuit includes a first communication sub-circuit and a second communication sub-circuit.

[0041] The first data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected to the third optocoupler after passing through the third resistor of the first communication sub-circuit; the first data transmission signal is isolated and converted by the third optocoupler; the second data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected to the fourth optocoupler after passing through the fourth resistor of the second communication sub-circuit; the second data transmission signal is isolated and converted by the fourth optocoupler.

[0042] The ribbon cable interface is used to lead out internal power signals or connect external signals. All enable signals are connected to the ribbon cable interface. The first data transmission signal and the second data transmission signal are both connected to the 485 communication circuit and the ribbon cable interface to realize data transmission interaction.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the first, second, third, and fourth optical couplers each include a phototransistor and a light-emitting diode.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the first enable signal is an AC enable signal, where AC ("Alternating Current"), the first enable sub-circuit further includes a fifth resistor, the first enable signal is connected to the input pin of the first optocoupler after passing through the first resistor, the output pin of the first optocoupler is connected to the AC enable signal output terminal after being connected to the fifth resistor, the input pin of the first optocoupler is located on the light-emitting diode side, and the output pin is located on the phototransistor side.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the second enable sub-circuit further includes a sixth resistor and a field-effect transistor; the second enable signal is connected to the input pin of the second optocoupler after passing through the second resistor, the output signal of the second optocoupler is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, the source of the field-effect transistor is grounded, the drain is connected to the signal output terminal, and the gate is connected to the first power supply through the sixth resistor.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the first communication sub-circuit further includes a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a capacitor; the first pin of the input side of the third optocoupler is connected to an external voltage; the second pin is connected to the first data transmission signal input port through the third resistor; one end of the seventh resistor is connected to the fourth pin of the output side of the third optocoupler, and the other end is connected to the first power supply; one end of the capacitor is connected to the fourth pin, and the other end is grounded; one end of the eighth resistor is connected to the fourth pin, and the other end is connected to subsequent circuitry; the input pin of the third optocoupler is located on the LED side, and the output pin is located on the phototransistor side.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the second communication sub-circuit further includes a ninth resistor and a tenth resistor. The first pin of the fourth optocoupler is connected to the first power supply, the second pin is connected to the output signal terminal through the tenth resistor, and the fourth pin is connected to the second data transmission signal input port through the fourth resistor. The ninth resistor is connected between the second voltage and the node where the fourth pin and the fourth resistor are connected.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the 485 communication circuit includes a communication processing chip, which includes a differential signal channel pin, an enable pin, and a data interaction pin. The differential signal channel pin is connected to an external device via an external communication interface. The enable pin receives a 485 enable signal from a second enable sub-circuit to control the data transmission and reception mode of the communication processing chip. The data interaction pin connects to the signal isolated by the inverter data communication circuit from the main control MCU, thereby realizing data interaction between the inverter data communication circuit and the 485 communication circuit.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the ribbon cable interface includes a first ribbon cable interface and a second ribbon cable interface.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the ribbon cable interface is a unidirectional ribbon cable.

[0051] The specific structure and working principle of the above scheme are as follows:

[0052] The inverter enable circuit is used to control the inverter's on and off states, while also providing electrical isolation for the control signals. This ensures reliable enable control of the inverter, and the electrical isolation enhances the circuit's anti-interference capability, ensuring stable inverter operation.

[0053] The AC-EN and 485_EN' signals interact with other circuits; the AC-EN signal is connected to the ribbon cable interfaces CN7 and CN1, and also participates in the control of the IC7 chip in the 485 communication circuit; the 485_EN' signal participates in both inverter enable control and is connected to the control pin of the IC7 chip in the 485 communication circuit.

[0054] Specifically, the first enabling sub-circuit is as follows:

[0055] The core component is the first optocoupler U1, which is model LTV-356T-D in this embodiment. It integrates a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor to achieve electrical isolation and transmission of input and output signals.

[0056] It includes two resistors, R1 (470Ω) and R2 (0Ω), which play different roles in the circuit.

[0057] The input signal is VAC_EN, the output signal is AC_EN, and it also has grounding ports (GND and GND_AC).

[0058] On the input side of the optocoupler, pin 1 (A) is connected to the VAC_EN signal input port through resistor R1, and pin 2 (K) is grounded (GND). When the VAC_EN signal is high, current flows into the LED inside the optocoupler after being limited by R1, causing it to emit light. On the output side, pin 4 (C) is connected to the AC_EN signal output port through resistor R2, and pin 3 (E) is grounded (GND_AC). The light emitted by the LED turns on the phototransistor, thus transmitting the signal to the AC_EN port output. R1 is connected in series between the VAC_EN signal and pin 1 of the optocoupler U1, serving as a current limiter to prevent excessive current from damaging the LED inside the optocoupler. R2 is connected in series between pin 4 of the optocoupler U1 and the AC_EN signal output terminal. Here, R2 has a resistance of 0Ω and mainly serves as a connection to ensure smooth signal output. Different grounding ports (GND and GND_AC) provide potential reference points for the circuit, ensuring normal circuit operation.

[0059] The second enabling sub-circuit is specifically as follows:

[0060] The core component of the circuit is the second optocoupler U2, which is model LTV-356T-D in this embodiment. It integrates a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor to achieve electrical isolation and signal transmission.

[0061] Resistors: Includes three resistors: R3 (100Ω), R4 (20KΩ), and R40 (0Ω).

[0062] Field-effect transistor: In this embodiment, the field-effect transistor Q29, model number 2N7002, is used for signal amplification or switching control.

[0063] The input signal is 485_EN, the output signals are 485_EN' and AC-HZ, and there are also power (+5V_AC) and ground (GND_AC) ports.

[0064] On the input side of optocoupler U2, pin 1 (A) is connected to the 485_EN signal input port through resistor R3, and pin 2 (K) is grounded (GND). When the 485_EN signal is high, the current is limited by R3, causing the LED inside the optocoupler to emit light. On the output side, pin 4 (C) outputs the 485_EN' signal, and pin 3 (E) is grounded (GND_AC). The light emitted by the LED turns on the phototransistor, thus outputting the 485_EN' signal.

[0065] The source of MOSFET Q29 is grounded (GND_AC); the drain is connected to the AC-HZ signal output terminal; the gate is connected to the +5V_AC power supply (first power supply) through resistor R4, and simultaneously connected to the drain through resistor R40 to control the MOSFET's on / off state; R4 is connected between the +5V_AC power supply and the gate of MOSFET Q29; for MOSFET Q29 to operate normally, a suitable voltage difference (Vgs) between the gate and source is required to control its on / off state. The presence of R4 allows the +5V_AC power supply to provide a suitable bias voltage to the gate of MOSFET Q29, ensuring that the MOSFET operates at the appropriate operating point. R4 also acts as a current limiter. Without R4, directly connecting the +5V_AC power supply to the gate may result in excessive current flowing into the gate, thereby damaging the MOSFET. R4 limits the amount of current flowing into the gate, protecting MOSFET Q29 from damage by excessive current. R40 is connected between the gate and drain of the field-effect transistor Q29, providing feedback to help stabilize its operating state. When fluctuations occur in the MOSFET's operating state, R40 can suppress these fluctuations by adjusting the gate voltage, making the MOSFET operate more stably. In some cases, when a rapid transition from the on to the off state is required, R40 can provide a discharge path for the charge stored on the gate, accelerating the turn-off process and improving the circuit's response speed.

[0066] The first power supply, +5V_AC, provides the operating voltage for the field-effect transistor Q29, ensuring its normal operation; GND and GND_AC provide potential reference points for the circuit.

[0067] The inverter data communication circuit includes:

[0068] The MCU_TX-AC_RXD and MCU_RX-AC_TXD signals are connected to the 485 communication circuit and the ribbon cable interface CN7 to realize data transmission and interaction; this ensures the stability and anti-interference of data transmission between the MCU and the inverter, and prevents signal interference and electrical faults.

[0069] Here, MCU_TX represents the transmit signal of the Microcontroller Unit (MCU); this is the signal line through which the MCU sends data or instructions to external circuits or devices. The MCU outputs the information to be transmitted in the form of electrical signals through this line; TXD represents transmit data; MCU_RX-AC_TXD connects the signal lines of the AC-related transmitting end and the MCU receiving end, enabling the AC-related part to send data to the MCU so that the MCU can process, analyze or make corresponding decisions on this data.

[0070] MCU_RX represents the Receive signal of the microcontroller unit, which is the line used by the MCU to receive external data or signals. The MCU obtains various information from the outside through this line; RXD represents Receive Data; MCU_TX-AC_RXD means that this is a signal line connecting the MCU's transmitting end and the AC-related receiving end, which is used to enable the MCU to send data to the AC-related parts, so that the AC-related circuits or devices can receive the information sent by the MCU and perform corresponding operations or processing.

[0071] The MCU's TXD and RXD signals drive optocouplers U3 and U4 through current-limiting resistors R9 and R10, converting the signals into differential signals required for RS-485 communication, thus enabling long-distance signal transmission. The +5V_AC power supply provides operating power for the optocouplers and RS-485 converter, while GND_AC serves as the common ground.

[0072] Optocouplers U3 and U4 isolate and transmit the DCAC_TXD and DCAC_RXD signals, respectively. When the MCU sends data, the signal is current-limited by a resistor, causing the internal LED of the optocoupler to operate. The phototransistor receives the optical signal and outputs it to the corresponding line, realizing the transmission of data between circuits at different potentials.

[0073] The first communication sub-circuit is specifically as follows:

[0074] The core component of the circuit is the third optocoupler U3, which is model LTV-356T-D in this embodiment. It integrates a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor to achieve electrical isolation between the input and output.

[0075] The circuit includes three resistors: the seventh resistor R6 (1KΩ), the eighth resistor R7 (100Ω), and the third resistor R9 (470Ω), each playing a different role in the circuit.

[0076] The capacitor includes C1, with a capacitance of 470pF and a voltage rating of 50V, used for signal filtering in circuits, etc.

[0077] The input signal is DCAC_TXD (also labeled MCU_TX), the output signal is MCU_TX-AC_RXD, and there is also a first power supply port +5V_AC and a ground port GND_AC, as well as a 3.3V voltage input point.

[0078] Optocoupler U3 is connected to the input side. Pin 1 is connected to a 3.3V voltage, and pin 2 (K) is connected to the DCAC_TXD (MCU_TX) signal input port via resistor R9. When the DCAC_TXD signal is at a suitable level (e.g., high), current is limited by R9 and flows into the LED inside the optocoupler, causing it to emit light. On the output side, pin 4 (C) is connected to a circuit node consisting of resistor R6, capacitor C1, and resistor R7, and pin 3 (E) is grounded (GND_AC). The light emitted by the LED turns on the phototransistor, thus transmitting the signal to the output. R9 is connected in series between the DCAC_TXD signal and pin 2 of optocoupler U3, acting as a current limiter to protect the LED inside the optocoupler. R6 is connected between the +5V_AC power supply and pin 4 of optocoupler U3, providing a pull-up resistor for the output side, ensuring that the phototransistor is at a suitable voltage level when there is no signal input. R7 is connected in series between pin 4 of optocoupler U3 and the output signal MCU_TX-AC_RXD, serving a certain function of impedance matching and signal conditioning. C1 is connected in parallel between pin 4 of optocoupler U3 and the ground port GND_AC to filter out high-frequency interference signals, making the output signal MCU_TX-AC_RXD more stable. +5V_AC provides the operating power for the output circuit, and GND_AC serves as the ground reference point for the circuit to ensure normal operation. 3.3V provides a suitable operating voltage for the LEDs on the input side of the optocoupler.

[0079] The signal is input from DCAC_TXD (MCU_TX) and connected to the second pin 2 (K, LED side) of optocoupler U3. After being isolated by the optocoupler, it is output from the fourth pin 4 (C, phototransistor side) to MCU_TX-AC_RXD. The signal first enters the LED side and then is output from the phototransistor side.

[0080] The second communication sub-circuit is specifically as follows:

[0081] The core component is the fourth optocoupler U4, which is model LTV-356T-D in this embodiment. It integrates a light-emitting diode and a phototransistor to achieve electrical isolation between the input and output.

[0082] The resistors include the ninth resistor R10 (1KΩ), the fourth resistor R11 (100Ω), the twelfth resistor R192 (NC, i.e., not connected), and the tenth resistor R193 (1KΩ).

[0083] Capacitor C110 has a capacitance of 470pF and a voltage rating of 50V, and is used for signal processing.

[0084] The input signal is DCAC_RXD (also labeled MCU_RX), and the output signal is MCU_RX-AC_TXD. There is also a power supply port (+5V_AC) and a ground port (GND). Additionally, there is a 3.3V voltage input point.

[0085] On the input side of the optocoupler, pin 1 is connected to the +5V AC power supply, and pin 2 (K) is connected to the output signal terminal MCU_RX-AC_TXD through resistor R193. On the output side, pin 4 (C) is connected to the DCAC_RXD (MCU_RX) signal input port through resistor R11, and pin 3 (E) is grounded (GND). When the DCAC_RXD signal is at a suitable level, the current is limited by R11, which turns on the phototransistor inside the optocoupler, thereby transmitting the signal. R10 is connected between the 3.3V voltage and the node where pin 4 of optocoupler U4 and R11 are connected, serving as a voltage divider and current limiter. R11 is connected in series between the DCAC_RXD signal and pin 4 of optocoupler U4, limiting the current flowing into the optocoupler. R193 is connected in series between pin 2 of optocoupler U4 and the output signal MCU_RX-AC_TXD, serving as an impedance matcher and signal conditioner. R192 is not connected (NC) and has no actual electrical connection function in the current circuit. C110 is connected in parallel between pin 4 of optocoupler U4 and ground port GND to filter out high-frequency interference and stabilize the input signal; +5V_AC provides the working power for the LED on the input side of the optocoupler, GND serves as the ground reference point for the circuit, and 3.3V provides a suitable voltage for related circuits.

[0086] The signal is input from DCAC_RXD (MCU_RX) and connected to the fourth pin 4 (C, phototransistor side) of optocoupler U4. After being isolated by the optocoupler, it is output from pin 2 (K, LED side) to MCU_RX-AC_TXD. That is, the signal first enters the phototransistor side and then is output from the LED side.

[0087] The 485 communication circuit is specifically as follows:

[0088] The RS-485 communication circuit is used to realize data transmission based on the RS485 protocol, and is used for information exchange between the power bank and other devices, such as transmitting data such as power level and working status.

[0089] It communicates with external devices via interfaces A and B, and simultaneously receives the control signal 485_EN' from the inverter enable circuit. The 485_EN' signal controls the chip's transmit and receive states, enabling switching between transmit and receive in half-duplex communication mode. It connects to the inverter's data communication circuit via MCU_TX-AC_RXD and MCU_RX-AC_TXD.

[0090] The communication chip IC7 (such as SIT3088E, RS485, or MAX485) switches between transmit and receive states under the control of the 485_EN signal. The MCU sends and receives data through the RO and DI pins of IC7, and the A and B pins (differential signal pins) are connected to an external RS485 bus. Resistors on the bus are used for impedance matching, and capacitors are used for filtering to ensure communication quality.

[0091] Specifically, the 485 communication circuit includes a communication processing chip, which includes differential signal channel pins, an enable pin, and a data interaction pin. The differential signal channel pins (such as pins A and B) are connected to an external communication interface (A_TX, B_RX ports) via a subsequent resistor-capacitor network, and then connected to a ribbon cable interface or external device for differential data transmission; the enable pins (RE, DE pins) receive a 485 enable signal (485_EN') from a second enable sub-circuit to control the data transmission and reception mode of the communication processing chip. The second enable sub-circuit is typically controlled by an I / O port of the main control MCU. When the main control MCU needs to send data, its corresponding I / O port outputs a high level (assuming the circuit is active high). This high-level signal, after passing through a drive circuit composed of current-limiting resistors and other components, is used as the 485_EN' signal and connected to the enable pin (DE pin) of the communication processing chip. At the same time, it is converted to a low-level signal through a NOT gate (or inverter) and connected to the RE pin, thereby enabling the communication processing chip to enter the transmit mode. When the MCU needs to receive data, the MCU's I / O port outputs a low level. After being processed by the drive circuit and the NOT gate, the DE pin is low and the RE pin is high, enabling the communication processing chip to enter the receive mode.

[0092] The data interaction pins (RO and DI pins) connect to the main control chip's signal after isolation by the inverter's data communication circuit. Specifically, the main control chip's DCAC_TXD signal is isolated and converted to an MCU_TX-AC_RXD signal by the third optocoupler U3 in the inverter's data communication circuit, and then connected to the DI pin of the communication processing chip. The MCU_RX-AC_TXD signal output from the RO pin of the communication processing chip is isolated and converted by the fourth optocoupler U4 in the inverter's data communication circuit before being transmitted to the main control chip's DCAC_RXD pin, thus realizing data interaction between the inverter's data communication circuit and the 485 communication circuit. The ribbon cable interface serves as the physical connection interface between the circuit and external devices, facilitating signal input and output. Through pin headers and ribbon cables, power, control, and data signals from the internal circuit are led out to external devices, or signals from external devices are connected to the internal circuit. It provides a convenient connection method, facilitating circuit integration and debugging with other modules. The CN7 and CN1 ribbon cable interfaces act as a bridge connecting the entire circuit to external devices, leading out internal signals or connecting external signals.

[0093] First ribbon cable interface: AC 6P_HP unidirectional ribbon cable (CN7), this ribbon cable interface has 6 pins. The +5V_AC power supply is converted to 3.3V_AC voltage through resistor R35 (not installed, marked NC). Pin 1 has no explicit connection; pin 2 is connected to the AC-EN enable signal; pin 3 is connected to the MCU_RX-AC_TXD data signal, used for the main control unit to receive data; pin 4 is connected to the MCU_TX-AC_RXD data signal, used for the main control unit to send data; pin 5 is connected to the AC-HZ signal; pin 6 is connected to GND_AC, providing a ground reference for the circuit.

[0094] The first ribbon cable interface uses a 2P_HP unidirectional ribbon cable (CN1), which is a 4-pin ribbon cable interface (including 2 unconnected pins NC); the 485_EN' enable signal is connected to the interface-related lines; pin 1 is connected to the AC-EN enable signal; pin 2 is connected to GND_AC ground; pin 3 is marked A_TX and pin 4 is marked B_RX, which are related to 485 communication. In addition, the MCU_RX-AC_TXD and MCU_TX-AC_RXD data signals are also connected to the ribbon cable-related lines.

[0095] The two ribbon cable interfaces connect different signals to enable power supply, enable control, and data transmission functions to interact between different circuit modules.

[0096] Power connections: +5V_AC and GND_AC are connected to CN7 and CN1 to provide power to AC devices.

[0097] For data transmission, the first data transmission signal (MCU_TX-AC_RXD) is isolated and converted from the main control MCU by the third optocoupler (U3) in the inverter data communication circuit, and then connected to pin 4 of the ribbon cable interface CN7. It is then led out from the CN7 pin and transmitted to the 485 communication circuit, and then sent to external devices. The second data transmission signal (MCU_RX-AC_TXD) is transmitted from the external device to pin 3 of the ribbon cable interface CN1 through the 485 communication circuit. After being isolated and converted by the fourth optocoupler (U4) in the inverter data communication circuit, it is transmitted to the main control MCU. This realizes bidirectional data transmission and interaction between the power supply, the ribbon cable interface, and the 485 communication circuit.

[0098] Example 2 provides a portable power bank, including the power control board from Example 1.

[0099] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and all such changes should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply main control board, characterized in that, include: Main control MCU, inverter enable circuit, inverter data communication circuit, 485 communication circuit and ribbon cable interface; The inverter enabling circuit includes a first enabling sub-circuit and a second enabling sub-circuit; The first enable signal is connected to the first optocoupler after passing through the first resistor of the first enable sub-circuit; the first enable signal is isolated and converted through the first optocoupler; The second enable signal is connected to the second optocoupler after passing through the second resistor of the second enable sub-circuit; the second optocoupler isolates and converts the second enable signal; the second enable signal is a 485 enable signal; The inverter data communication circuit includes a first communication sub-circuit and a second communication sub-circuit. The first data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected to the third optocoupler after passing through the third resistor of the first communication sub-circuit; the first data transmission signal is isolated and converted by the third optocoupler; the second data transmission signal of the main control MCU is connected to the fourth optocoupler after passing through the fourth resistor of the second communication sub-circuit; the second data transmission signal is isolated and converted by the fourth optocoupler. The ribbon cable interface is used to lead out internal power signals or connect external signals. All enable signals are connected to the ribbon cable interface. The first data transmission signal and the second data transmission signal are both connected to the 485 communication circuit and the ribbon cable interface to realize data transmission interaction.

2. The power supply main control board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first, second, third, and fourth optical couplers each include a phototransistor and a light-emitting diode.

3. The power supply main control board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first enabling sub-circuit further includes a fifth resistor. The first enabling signal is connected to the input pin of the first optocoupler after passing through the first resistor. The output pin of the first optocoupler is connected to the first enabling signal output terminal after passing through the fifth resistor. The input pin of the first optocoupler is located on the light-emitting diode side, and the output pin is located on the phototransistor side.

4. The power supply main control board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second enable sub-circuit also includes a sixth resistor and a field-effect transistor; the second enable signal is connected to the input pin of the second optocoupler after passing through the second resistor, the output signal of the second optocoupler is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor, the source of the field-effect transistor is grounded, the drain is connected to the signal output terminal, and the gate is connected to the first power supply through the sixth resistor.

5. The power supply main control board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first communication sub-circuit also includes a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, and a capacitor; the first pin of the input side of the third optocoupler is connected to an external voltage; the second pin is connected to the first data transmission signal input port through the third resistor; one end of the seventh resistor is connected to the fourth pin of the output side of the third optocoupler, and the other end is connected to the first power supply; one end of the capacitor is connected to the fourth pin, and the other end is grounded; one end of the eighth resistor is connected to the fourth pin, and the other end is connected to the subsequent circuit; the input pin of the third optocoupler is located on the light-emitting diode side, and the output pin is located on the phototransistor side.

6. The power supply main control board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second communication sub-circuit also includes a ninth resistor and a tenth resistor. The first pin of the fourth optocoupler is connected to the first power supply, the second pin is connected to the output signal terminal through the tenth resistor, and the fourth pin is connected to the second data transmission signal input port through the fourth resistor. The ninth resistor is connected between the second voltage and the node where the fourth pin and the fourth resistor are connected.

7. The power supply main control board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 485 communication circuit includes a communication processing chip, which includes differential signal channel pins, an enable pin, and a data interaction pin; the differential signal channel pins are connected to external devices via an external communication interface. The enable pin receives a 485 enable signal from the second enable sub-circuit to control the data transmission and reception mode of the communication processing chip. The data interaction pin connects to the signal of the main control MCU after it has been isolated by the inverter data communication circuit, realizing data interaction between the inverter data communication circuit and the 485 communication circuit.

8. The power supply main control board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ribbon cable interface includes a first ribbon cable interface and a second ribbon cable interface.

9. The power supply main control board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ribbon cable interface is a unidirectional ribbon cable.

10. A portable power bank, characterized in that, include: The power control board according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images