Device for supercritical preparation of catalyst for small-diameter carbon nanotubes
By combining a supercritical reactor with a two-stage cyclone separation system, the problem of difficult catalyst particle size control was solved, enabling continuous catalyst production and particle size classification collection, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing equipment is insufficient for the efficient, continuous, and controllable preparation of catalysts. In particular, there is a lack of industrial equipment capable of initially achieving catalyst particle size classification and collection, which makes it difficult to control the catalyst particle size and affects the quality of carbon nanotubes.
A supercritical reactor combined with a two-stage cyclone separation system is used to achieve supercritical reaction and drying of the catalyst through the supercritical reactor, and to collect catalyst particles in stages by combining the first and second stage cyclone separators, so as to realize continuous production and particle size control of the catalyst.
Precise particle size control of the catalyst was achieved, which improved production efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and ensured that the catalyst had a narrow particle size distribution and small particle size, laying the foundation for the preparation of high-quality small-diameter carbon nanotubes.
Smart Images
Figure CN223969925U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of catalyst preparation technology, specifically relating to a device for preparing catalysts for growing small-diameter carbon nanotubes using supercritical fluid technology, and particularly to a supercritical catalyst preparation device capable of precisely controlling the particle size distribution of the catalyst. Background Technology
[0002] Catalysts play a crucial role in chemical reactions, and their performance directly affects reaction efficiency and product quality. In the field of carbon nanotube preparation, catalyst performance, especially particle size, has a decisive influence on the diameter, wall number, and final product quality of carbon nanotubes. Small-diameter carbon nanotubes, especially single-walled carbon nanotubes, have broad application prospects in electronic devices, high-strength materials, and other fields due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the key to preparing high-quality small-diameter carbon nanotubes lies in preparing catalysts with uniform particle size distribution and small particle size.
[0003] Traditional catalyst preparation methods, such as precipitation and impregnation, are prone to pore collapse and particle agglomeration during the drying process, leading to difficulty in controlling catalyst particle size, reduced specific surface area, and decreased catalytic activity. Commonly used drying methods, such as ambient temperature drying, hot air drying, and spray drying, each have their own advantages and disadvantages, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve both catalyst particle size control and production efficiency.
[0004] Supercritical fluid technology, as an emerging green chemical technology, possesses unique advantages. Supercritical fluids combine the properties of both gases and liquids, exhibiting high diffusivity, low viscosity, and high solubility, significantly improving mass and heat transfer efficiency. Using supercritical fluids for drying can effectively prevent particle agglomeration and pore collapse caused by surface tension, resulting in the preparation of nanoscale catalysts with small particle size, good dispersibility, and high specific surface area. Supercritical water (SCW) is one of the commonly used supercritical fluids; its properties change significantly under specific temperature and pressure conditions, making it a unique reaction and drying medium.
[0005] At present, there is an increasing amount of research on applying supercritical fluid technology to the preparation of carbon nanotube catalysts. However, existing equipment often suffers from problems such as complex processes, long production cycles, and high energy consumption, making it difficult to achieve efficient, continuous, and controllable preparation of catalysts. In particular, there is a lack of industrial equipment that can initially achieve particle size classification and collection of catalysts. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an apparatus for preparing catalysts for small-diameter carbon nanotubes using supercritical fluid technology. This apparatus can initially realize the continuous preparation of catalysts and the initial particle size classification and collection of catalysts, thereby improving the catalyst preparation efficiency and providing an equipment foundation for the preparation of high-quality small-diameter carbon nanotubes.
[0007] This invention provides an apparatus for preparing catalysts for small-diameter carbon nanotubes using supercritical fluid dynamics, comprising an apparatus body, the apparatus body including:
[0008] A supercritical reactor is used to heat and pressurize the catalyst stock solution to form a supercritical state and carry out a catalytic reaction. The supercritical reactor body is connected to a supercritical reactor exhaust pipe.
[0009] The first-stage cyclone separator is connected to the supercritical reactor via the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe and is used to separate catalyst particles;
[0010] The primary receiving hopper is connected to the bottom outlet of the primary cyclone separator and is used to collect catalyst particles;
[0011] The secondary cyclone separator is connected to the top exhaust port of the primary cyclone separator through the central tube of the primary cyclone separator;
[0012] The secondary receiving hopper, connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator, is used to collect catalyst particles.
[0013] Optionally, the equipment body also includes a silo located above the supercritical reactor. The silo is connected to the inlet of the supercritical reactor via a feed pipe and is used to store the catalyst stock solution.
[0014] A supercritical reactor balance pipe is connected between the silo and the exhaust pipe of the supercritical reactor; a supercritical reactor balance valve is installed on the supercritical reactor balance pipe near the supercritical reactor balance pipe and a silo balance valve is installed near the silo.
[0015] Optionally, a supercritical reactor exhaust valve is provided on the exhaust pipe of the supercritical reactor, and the supercritical reactor exhaust valve is located upstream of the supercritical reactor balance valve.
[0016] Optionally, the supercritical reactor is provided with a pressure measuring port and / or a temperature measuring port.
[0017] Optionally, a primary receiving hopper balance pipe is connected between the primary receiving hopper and the primary cyclone center pipe.
[0018] Optionally, a primary receiving bin balance valve is installed on the primary receiving bin balance pipe.
[0019] Optionally, a primary cyclone outlet valve is provided on the central tube of the primary cyclone separator, and a primary cyclone discharge valve is provided at the bottom outlet of the primary cyclone separator.
[0020] Optionally, the top of the secondary cyclone separator is provided with a secondary cyclone central tube, the outlet end of the secondary cyclone central tube is connected to an exhaust pipe, and a secondary receiving hopper balance pipe is connected between the exhaust pipe and the secondary receiving hopper.
[0021] Optionally, a secondary cyclone outlet valve is provided on the central tube of the secondary cyclone separator, and a secondary cyclone discharge valve is provided at the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator.
[0022] Optionally, a secondary receiving hopper balance valve is installed on the secondary receiving hopper balance pipe.
[0023] Based on the technical content disclosed in this utility model, the following beneficial effects are achieved:
[0024] Precise particle size control: This invention employs a supercritical reactor coupled with a two-stage cyclone separation structure, enabling the classification of catalyst particles and initially separating catalysts with different particle size ranges. This lays the foundation for obtaining catalysts with narrow particle size distributions and small particle sizes in subsequent processes. It achieves the function of graded catalyst collection. The catalyst particles are separated by a first-stage cyclone separator, and further separated by a second-stage cyclone separator, resulting in catalysts with narrower particle size distributions and smaller particle sizes, thus laying the foundation for the preparation of high-quality small-diameter carbon nanotubes. The equipment has a reasonable and compact structure, is easy to operate, and can initially realize continuous catalyst production, improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption. The connections between the various components of the equipment are clear, the process flow is smooth, and the balanced pipeline design is reasonable, ensuring stable system pressure and safe operation. Attached Figure Description
[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the equipment for preparing small-diameter carbon nanotube catalysts using supercritical fluid processing according to this invention.
[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment body and control cabinet of this utility model;
[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of part of the insulation equipment body and pipeline of this utility model.
[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 10. Upper valve of the silo; 11. Silo; 12. Lower double valve of the silo; 13. Supercritical reactor; 14. Upper flange; 15. Lower flange; 16. Bolt; 17. Bottom vent valve of the supercritical reactor; 18. Temperature measuring port; 19. Pressure measuring port; 20. Exhaust valve of the supercritical reactor; 21. Balance valve of the supercritical reactor; 22. Balance pipe of the supercritical reactor; 23. Silo balance valve; 24. Exhaust pipe of the supercritical reactor; 25. First-stage cyclone inlet valve; 26. First-stage cyclone separator; 27. First-stage cyclone outlet valve; 28. First-stage receiving silo; 29. Bottom valve of the first-stage receiving silo; 30. Balance valve of the first-stage receiving silo. 31. Primary receiving hopper balance pipe; 32. Primary cyclone center pipe; 33. Primary cyclone outlet valve; 34. Secondary cyclone separator; 35. Secondary cyclone discharge valve; 36. Secondary receiving hopper; 37. Secondary receiving hopper bottom valve; 38. Secondary receiving hopper balance valve; 39. Secondary receiving hopper balance pipe; 40. Secondary cyclone center pipe; 41. Secondary cyclone outlet valve; 42. Exhaust pipe; 43. Supercritical reactor support column; 44. Material metering area of control cabinet; 45. Temperature and pressure control area of control cabinet; 46. Control cabinet; 47. Control cabinet base; 48. Lower hinge of control cabinet; 49. Heating area of control cabinet; 50. Upper hinge of control cabinet. Detailed Implementation
[0030] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention.
[0031] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.
[0032] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.
[0033] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
[0034] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.
[0035] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, this utility model provides an apparatus for preparing catalysts for small-diameter carbon nanotubes using supercritical fluid dynamics, comprising an apparatus body and a control cabinet. The apparatus body mainly includes a material hopper 11, a supercritical reactor 13, a primary cyclone separator 26, a secondary cyclone separator 34, a primary receiving hopper 28, and a secondary receiving hopper 36, among other key components.
[0036] 1. Supercritical reactor system
[0037] The supercritical reactor 13 is the core component of this equipment, used to achieve the supercritical state of the catalyst stock solution and to carry out the reaction, crushing, and drying of the catalyst. The equipment also includes a silo 11 located above the supercritical reactor 13. The silo 11 stores the catalyst stock solution and is connected to the inlet of the supercritical reactor 13 via a feed pipe to ensure a stable supply of the catalyst stock solution. The catalyst stock solution can be a mixed solution containing a catalyst precursor and a solvent (e.g., water). The silo 11 is connected to the inlet of the supercritical reactor 13 via a feed pipe.
[0038] The supercritical reactor 13 is made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant materials, such as high-temperature alloys or stainless steel. The supercritical reactor 13 can be designed as a tubular reactor or a batch reactor. The supercritical reactor 13 includes a reaction zone and a heating zone (not specifically distinguished in the figure, but functionally distinct).
[0039] The supercritical reactor 13 is connected to a supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24 and a supercritical reactor balance pipe 22. On the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24, a supercritical reactor exhaust valve 20 and a first-stage cyclone inlet valve 25 are sequentially arranged in the gas flow direction. The first-stage cyclone inlet valve 25 is located on the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24 and is used to control the flow rate of gas entering the first-stage cyclone separator 26. The supercritical reactor exhaust valve 20 is located on the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24 and upstream of the first-stage cyclone inlet valve 25, and is used to discharge substances from the supercritical reactor 13 when necessary. The supercritical reactor balance pipe 22 connects the silo 11 and the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24. More specifically, one end of the supercritical reactor balance pipe 22 communicates with the top space of the silo 11, and the other end connects to the middle of the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24, with the connection point located between the first-stage cyclone inlet valve 25 and the supercritical reactor exhaust valve 20. The supercritical reactor balance pipe 22 is equipped with a supercritical reactor balance valve 21 near the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24 and a silo balance valve 23 near the silo 11, respectively, to balance the pressure between the silo and the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24, ensuring stable system pressure and safe operation. The supercritical reactor support column 43 supports the supercritical reactor 13 and connects to the control cabinet base 47, ensuring the stability of the equipment.
[0040] The top of the supercritical reactor 13 is fixed by an upper flange 14, which is bolted to the top of the supercritical reactor 13. The bottom of the supercritical reactor 13 is fixed by a lower flange 15, which is bolted to the bottom of the supercritical reactor 13. A pipeline is connected to the bottom of the lower flange 15, and a supercritical reactor vent valve 17 is installed on this pipeline. The supercritical reactor vent valve 17 is used to discharge the material in the reactor when the equipment is shut down or under maintenance, and to clean the reactor.
[0041] The supercritical reactor 13 is equipped with a pressure measuring port 19 and a temperature measuring port 18. The pressure measuring port 19 passes through the upper flange 14 and connects to the interior of the supercritical reactor 13, and is used to install a pressure sensor to monitor the pressure inside the reactor in real time. The temperature measuring port 18 is located on the upper flange 14 and is used to install a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature inside the reactor in real time, and feeds the signal back to the control cabinet 46 to achieve precise temperature control. The supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24 is also connected to the upper flange 14.
[0042] The heating zone heats the reactor via electric heating wires located in the heating zone 49 of the control cabinet, rapidly heating the catalyst stock solution entering the reactor to a supercritical temperature; for example, for supercritical water, the temperature needs to be higher than 374°C. Pressure is applied to the catalyst stock solution to a supercritical pressure using a high-pressure pump (not shown in the figure, representing existing technology); for example, for supercritical water, the pressure needs to be higher than 22.1 MPa. In the reaction zone, under supercritical conditions, the catalyst precursor undergoes a chemical reaction to generate nanoscale catalyst particles. Simultaneously, the special properties of supercritical water, such as low viscosity and high diffusivity, facilitate the uniform dispersion and rapid drying of the catalyst particles, preventing agglomeration.
[0043] 2. Cyclone Separation System
[0044] This invention employs a two-stage cyclone separation system to achieve fine classification of catalyst particles.
[0045] The first-stage cyclone separator 26 is connected to the supercritical reactor 13 via the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe 24, and the airflow entering the first-stage cyclone separator 26 is controlled by the first-stage cyclone inlet valve 25. The first-stage cyclone separator 26 includes a first-stage cyclone separator body, a first-stage cyclone outlet valve 33, and a first-stage cyclone discharge valve 27. High-temperature, high-pressure gas carrying catalyst particles enters from the top or side of the first-stage cyclone separator 26, forming a rotating airflow inside the cyclone separator body. Under centrifugal force, the catalyst particles are thrown against the separator wall, descend along the wall, and are discharged from the first-stage cyclone discharge valve 27, located at the bottom outlet of the first-stage cyclone separator body, and enter the first-stage receiving hopper 28. The first-stage cyclone discharge valve 27 is located at the bottom outlet of the first-stage cyclone separator 26 and is used to control the material discharge from the bottom outlet of the first-stage cyclone separator 26. The catalyst particles are discharged upward from the first-stage cyclone center tube 32 with the airflow. The first-stage cyclone center tube 32 is equipped with a first-stage cyclone outlet valve 33, which is used to control the exhaust volume of the first-stage cyclone center tube 32. The exhaust volume enters the second-stage cyclone separator 34 through the first-stage cyclone outlet valve 33 located at the exhaust port at the top of the first-stage cyclone separator body.
[0046] The secondary cyclone separator 34 is connected to the top exhaust port of the primary cyclone separator 26 via the primary cyclone center pipe 32, further separating catalyst particles. A secondary cyclone center pipe 40 is installed at the top of the secondary cyclone separator 34, and an exhaust pipe 42 is connected to the outlet end of the secondary cyclone center pipe 40. The secondary cyclone separator 34 includes a secondary cyclone separator body, a secondary cyclone outlet valve 41, and a secondary cyclone discharge valve 35. The airflow entering the secondary cyclone separator 34 undergoes cyclone separation again. Catalyst particles meeting the particle size requirements are discharged from the secondary cyclone discharge valve 35 located at the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator body, and enter the secondary collection bin 36 through the second collection pipe for final product collection. The secondary cyclone discharge valve 35 is located at the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator 34 to control the material discharge from the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator 34. Finer catalyst particles are discharged upward from the secondary cyclone center tube 40 with the airflow. The secondary cyclone center tube 40 is equipped with a secondary cyclone outlet valve 41 to control the exhaust volume of the secondary cyclone center tube 40.
[0047] 3. Receiving bin system
[0048] The primary receiving hopper 28 is connected to the bottom outlet of the primary cyclone separator 26 and is used to collect catalyst particles discharged from the bottom outlet of the primary cyclone separator 26. A primary receiving hopper balance pipe 31 connects the primary receiving hopper 28 to the primary cyclone center pipe 32. The primary receiving hopper 28 includes a primary receiving hopper body, a primary receiving hopper bottom valve 29, and a primary receiving hopper balance valve 30. The primary receiving hopper bottom valve 29 is located at the bottom outlet of the primary receiving hopper body and is used to control the discharge of catalyst particles, allowing for periodic or continuous discharge. A primary receiving hopper balance valve 30 is installed on the primary receiving hopper balance pipe 31 to control the flow state of the primary receiving hopper balance pipe 31, balancing the internal and external pressures of the primary receiving hopper 28 to ensure smooth and safe unloading. The inlet of the primary receiving hopper 28 is connected to the bottom outlet of the primary cyclone separator 26 through a first receiving pipe.
[0049] The secondary receiving hopper 36 is connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator 34 and is used to collect catalyst particles of the required particle size discharged from the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator 34, which is the final product. A secondary receiving hopper balance pipe 39 connects the exhaust pipe 42 to the secondary receiving hopper 36. A secondary receiving hopper balance valve 38 is installed on the secondary receiving hopper balance pipe 39 to control the flow state of the pipe, balance the internal and external pressure of the secondary receiving hopper 36, and ensure smooth and safe unloading. The secondary receiving hopper 36 includes a hopper body and a bottom valve 37. The bottom valve 37 is located at the bottom outlet of the hopper body and is used to control the discharge of finished catalyst particles, which can be discharged periodically or continuously. The inlet of the secondary receiving hopper 36 is connected to the bottom outlet of the secondary cyclone separator 34 through a second receiving pipe.
[0050] 4. Silo System
[0051] The silo 11 is used to store the catalyst stock solution. The silo 11 is connected to the inlet of the supercritical reactor 13 via a feed pipe. The silo 11 includes a silo body, an upper valve 10, and a lower double valve 12. The upper valve 10 is located at the feed inlet of the silo body and is opened during feeding to facilitate the addition of the catalyst feedstock into the silo 11. The lower double valve 12 is located at the discharge outlet of the silo body; more specifically, it is located on the pipe connected to the upper flange 14. It controls the flow rate of the catalyst stock solution from the silo 11 into the supercritical reactor 13. This two-valve structure improves system safety, ensures the flow rate of the catalyst stock solution, and prevents leakage. The silo 11 can be made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel to ensure the purity and stability of the catalyst stock solution. To prevent excessively high or low pressure inside the silo, a silo balance pipe is connected to the silo body. A silo balance valve 23 is installed on the silo balance pipe and connected to the exhaust pipe 42 to balance the pressure inside and outside the silo, ensuring safe and stable operation. The catalyst feedstock is connected to the inlet of the supercritical reactor 13 through the lower double valve 12 and the feed pipeline, achieving a stable supply of the catalyst feedstock.
[0052] 5. Control System
[0053] Combination Figure 2 The control cabinet 46 is a crucial component of this equipment, used to precisely control the process parameters such as temperature and pressure of the supercritical reactor 13. The control cabinet 46 can employ a PLC control system or a DCS distributed control system for automated control. The control cabinet 46 includes a material metering area 44, a temperature and pressure control area 45, and a heating area 49. The material metering area 44 monitors and controls the flow rate of the catalyst feedstock entering the supercritical reactor 13, ensuring a stable supply of raw materials. The temperature and pressure control area 45 receives signals from the temperature and pressure sensors of the supercritical reactor 13 and, based on the set process parameters, controls the heating power and pressure regulating devices (e.g., the output of a high-pressure pump) to achieve precise control of the temperature and pressure within the supercritical reactor 13. The heating area 49 is equipped with electric heating elements and insulation material to provide heat to the supercritical reactor 13. The control cabinet 46 can also be equipped with an alarm system and safety interlock devices to ensure the safe operation of the equipment. The control cabinet base 47, lower control cabinet hinge 48, and upper control cabinet hinge 50 are used to support and facilitate the maintenance of the control cabinet 46. The control cabinet 46 controls the operation of the supercritical reactor 13 via electrical connections.
[0054] 6. Thermal insulation system
[0055] To reduce heat loss and improve energy efficiency, insulation measures can be adopted for some parts of the equipment and pipelines of this utility model. For example, components such as the supercritical reactor 13, connecting pipes, and cyclone separator can be wrapped with insulation materials, such as ceramic fiber and mineral wool, to reduce heat loss and maintain system temperature stability.
[0056] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model.
[0057] In summary, this utility model features a rationally designed equipment structure. It achieves supercritical reaction and drying of the catalyst precursor through a supercritical reactor, and combines this with a two-stage cyclone separation system to achieve precise particle classification, solving problems such as particle agglomeration and wide particle size distribution in traditional catalyst preparation. The equipment adopts a continuous production design concept, improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption. A sophisticated control system ensures precise control of process parameters, guaranteeing stable product quality. The rationally designed balancing pipelines between various parts of the system ensure safe and reliable operation. This equipment provides a foundation for the preparation of high-quality small-diameter carbon nanotube catalysts, possessing significant practical value and promising industrial application prospects.
[0058] Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. An apparatus for preparing a catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes with a small tube diameter using supercritical fluid, comprising an apparatus body, characterized in that, The device body comprises: a supercritical reactor (13) for heating and pressurizing a catalyst stock solution to form a supercritical state and perform a catalytic reaction, the supercritical reactor (13) being connected with a supercritical reactor exhaust pipe (24); a primary cyclone separator (26) connected with the supercritical reactor (13) through the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe (24) for separating catalyst particles; a primary collection bin (28) connected with a bottom discharge port of the primary cyclone separator (26) for collecting catalyst particles; a secondary cyclone separator (34) in communication with a top exhaust port of the primary cyclone separator (26) through a primary cyclone central pipe (32); a secondary collection bin (36) connected with a bottom discharge port of the secondary cyclone separator (34) for collecting catalyst particles.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The device body further comprises a bin (11) arranged above the supercritical reactor (13), the bin (11) being connected with an inlet of the supercritical reactor (13) through a feed pipe, and the bin (11) being used for storing a catalyst stock solution; a supercritical reactor balance pipe (22) is connected between the bin and the supercritical reactor exhaust pipe (24), and the supercritical reactor balance pipe (22) is respectively provided with a supercritical reactor balance valve (21) close to the supercritical reactor balance pipe (22) and a bin balance valve (23) close to the bin (11).
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The supercritical reactor exhaust pipe (24) is provided with a supercritical reactor exhaust valve (20), and the supercritical reactor exhaust valve (20) is located on the upstream side of the supercritical reactor balance valve (21).
4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The supercritical reactor (13) is provided with a pressure measuring port (19) and / or a temperature measuring port (18).
5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, A primary collection bin balance pipe (31) is connected between the primary collection bin (28) and the primary cyclone central pipe (32).
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The primary collection bin balance pipe (31) is provided with a primary collection bin balance valve (30).
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The primary cyclone central pipe (32) is provided with a primary cyclone exhaust valve (33), and the bottom discharge port of the primary cyclone separator (26) is provided with a primary cyclone discharge valve (27).
8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The secondary cyclone separator (34) is provided with a secondary cyclone central pipe (40) at the top, the secondary cyclone central pipe (40) is connected with an exhaust pipe (42) at the gas outlet end, and the exhaust pipe (42) is connected with a secondary collection bin balance pipe (39) between the secondary collection bin (36).
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The secondary cyclone central pipe (40) is provided with a secondary cyclone exhaust valve (41), and the bottom discharge port of the secondary cyclone separator (34) is provided with a secondary cyclone discharge valve (35).
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The secondary collection bin balance pipe (39) is provided with a secondary collection bin balance valve (38).