Graded resistance-increasing yielding anchor rod

Abstract

The utility model provides a graded resistance-increasing yielding anchor rod which can play a role in supporting and anchoring in underground engineering in which surrounding rocks are subjected to nonlinear slippage and large deformation. The graded resistance-increasing yielding anchor rod comprises a conical anchor head, an anchor rod body, a sliding sleeve, a bolt screw, an annular tray and a pre-tightening nut. The anchor rod body is placed into the sleeve through the second opening of the sliding sleeve and then forms a first yielding device with the bolt screws, extrusion is generated under the shearing force effect of surrounding rock dislocation, the bolt screws are sequentially snapped, and finally the anchor rod body abuts against the inner wall of the first opening end of the sleeve. Meanwhile, the snakelike section of the anchor rod body can be used as a second yielding device to be continuously straightened so as to absorb strain energy of surrounding rock deformation. According to the technical scheme, more yielding strokes are provided, and the technical problem that a traditional anchor rod is prone to breakage due to the fact that the yielding strokes are too short under the soft rock working condition can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model mainly relates to the field of underground construction support technology for water conservancy projects, and in particular to a graded resistance-increasing pressure-relieving anchor rod. Background Technology

[0002] With my country's vigorous development of clean energy and the introduction of dual-carbon goals, the construction of pumped storage power stations has become increasingly popular. As a crucial component of pumped storage projects, the stability of the surrounding rock during the construction phase is paramount to project safety. For underground engineering, the greater the burial depth, the greater the ground stress and the greater the deformation of the surrounding rock, leading to higher support requirements. Using rock bolts as an active support technology, which releases some energy during rock deformation while providing continuous support resistance, has become a key support method for dealing with large deformation conditions in the surrounding rock.

[0003] However, existing pressure-relief anchor bolts mostly employ a single pressure-relief structure (such as sleeve slippage, rod necking, pressure-relief ring, etc.), whose pressure-relief resistance and deformation exhibit a linear or simple nonlinear relationship, making it difficult to meet the stability requirements of large deformations in underground engineering. Single pressure-relief mechanisms, to some extent, suffer from excessively short pressure-relief strokes, often reaching their limit displacement rapidly during severe deformation, making it difficult to achieve multi-stage energy release. This can lead to anchor bolt breakage, triggering underground engineering disasters such as roof falls, spalling, and collapses. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a graded resistance-increasing pressure-relief anchor bolt. By setting a conical anchor head, anchor bolt body, sliding sleeve, pin screw, annular tray and pre-tightening nut, a two-stage pressure-relief device is formed, which provides more pressure-relief stroke and can solve the technical problem that traditional anchor bolts are prone to breakage due to excessively short pressure-relief stroke in soft rock conditions.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0006] A graded resistance-increasing pressure-relieving anchor bolt includes an anchor bolt body and a sliding sleeve;

[0007] The anchor bolt body includes a bolt head, a straight section of the bolt body one, a serpentine section of the bolt body, and a straight section of the bolt body two. The bolt head, straight section of the bolt body one, serpentine section of the bolt body, and straight section of the bolt body two are connected end to end from left to right and are set as a whole. The cross-sectional area of ​​the bolt head is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight section of the bolt body one. The serpentine section of the bolt body is set as corrugated and is made of elastic metal material.

[0008] The two bottom surfaces of the sliding sleeve are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening for inserting the anchor rod body. The size of the first opening matches the cross section of the straight segment of the rod body, and the size of the second opening matches the cross section of the rod head.

[0009] The sliding sleeve has at least two pin holes, and multiple pin holes are arranged horizontally along the outer wall of the sliding sleeve at a certain interval. Pin screws are installed on the pin holes, and the pin screws are located behind the rod head.

[0010] A conical anchor head is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the sliding sleeve.

[0011] A ring-shaped suction cup is fitted onto the straight section of the rod.

[0012] The straight section rod is equipped with a preload nut, which is threadedly connected to the straight section rod.

[0013] The space between the rod head and the sliding sleeve is filled with resin anchoring agent.

[0014] The pin holes are symmetrically arranged in pairs along the center of the sliding sleeve cross section, with a total of n groups, where n≥1.

[0015] The anchor rod is a metal rod.

[0016] The sliding sleeve is a metal sleeve.

[0017] The clubhead is round.

[0018] The sliding sleeve is a cylindrical sleeve.

[0019] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The anchor rod body and the pin in the sliding sleeve of this utility model constitute the first stage pressure relief mechanism. The pins designed according to the spacing can realize multi-stage pressure relief. The pins break in sequence according to the deformation of the surrounding rock, and finally abut against the sliding sleeve to realize multi-stage energy staged release.

[0021] 2. The serpentine section of the anchor rod body of this utility model can be straightened as the surrounding rock deforms, thereby providing a secondary pressure relief stroke, which greatly increases the amount of pressure relief stroke, further absorbs the energy of the surrounding rock deformation, and achieves stable support for large deformation of the surrounding rock. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod body of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding sleeve of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0026] Among them, 1—conical anchor head, 2—surrounding rock, 3—sliding sleeve, 4—pin hole, 5—pin screw, 6—rod head, 7—serpentine rod body, 8—annular suction cup, 9—pre-tightening nut, 10—straight rod body one, 11—second opening, 12—first opening, 13—straight rod body two. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the protection scope of this utility model.

[0029] like Figures 1-4 As shown, a graded resistance-increasing pressure-relieving anchor bolt includes an anchor bolt body and a sliding sleeve 3.

[0030] The anchor rod body is a metal rod, comprising a rod head 6, a straight section rod body one 10, a serpentine section rod body 7, and a straight section rod body two 13. The rod head 6, straight section rod body one 10, serpentine section rod body 7, and straight section rod body two 13 are connected end to end from left to right and are integrally set. The cross-sectional area of ​​the rod head 6 is larger than that of the straight section rod body one 10. The serpentine section rod body 7 is corrugated and made of elastic metal material, which allows it to straighten and provide a relief stroke.

[0031] The sliding sleeve 3 is a cylindrical sleeve made of metal. The two bottom surfaces of the sliding sleeve 3 are respectively provided with a first opening 12 and a second opening 11 for inserting the anchor rod body. The size of the first opening 12 matches the cross-section of the straight segment rod body 10, and the size of the second opening 11 matches the cross-section of the rod head 6. The anchor rod body is inserted into the sliding sleeve through the second opening 12. Since the diameter of the rod head 6 is larger than the diameter of the first opening 12, the rod head 6 can be placed inside the sliding sleeve 3, while the straight segment rod body 10 will protrude through the first opening 12. The rod head 6 can slide within the sliding sleeve 3.

[0032] At least two pin holes 4 are provided on the sliding sleeve 3. Multiple pin holes 4 are arranged horizontally along the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 3 at a certain interval. Pin screws 5 are installed on the pin holes 4. The diameter of the pin screws 5 matches that of the pin holes 4. The pin screws 5 are located behind the rod head 6 and can limit the sliding distance of the rod head 6 in the sliding sleeve 3.

[0033] Preferably, the pin holes 4 are arranged symmetrically in pairs along the center of the sliding sleeve cross-section, with a total of n groups, n≥1, see Appendix for details. Figure 4 After the symmetrically arranged pin screws 5 are inserted, a fixed distance is formed between the bottom surfaces of the two pin screws 5. This distance is greater than the diameter of the straight section rod 10 and less than the diameter of the rod head 6, which allows the straight section rod 10 to slide freely in it, while restricting the sliding of the rod head 6. The rod head 6 and the pin screws 5 in the sliding sleeve 3 press against each other, thereby forming the first stage pressure relief mechanism.

[0034] A resin anchoring agent can be filled between the rod head 6 and the sliding sleeve 3 to further increase the contact area between the rod head 6 and the pin screw 5 and the sliding sleeve 3, thereby strengthening the anchoring force of the anchor rod.

[0035] A tapered anchor head 1 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the sliding sleeve 3 and on the second opening, which facilitates smooth driving into the inner wall of the anchor hole during construction to achieve the anchoring effect. The tapered anchor head 1 is a metal component of the same material as the sliding sleeve 3.

[0036] The straight section rod body 2 13 is fitted with an annular suction cup 8 and a pre-tightening nut 9. The annular suction cup can increase the contact area between the anchor body and the surrounding rock at the anchor hole. The annular suction cup is adjacent to the pre-tightening nut, which is threadedly connected to the straight section rod body 2 and used to tighten and fix the anchor position.

[0037] The working principle of this device is as follows:

[0038] The anchor rod is driven into the ground to support the surrounding rock 2. When the surrounding rock 2 deforms during construction, it will exert a downward pulling force on the anchor rod. At this time, the anchor rod body and the sliding sleeve 3 slide relative to each other, and the rod head 6 and the pin screw 5 squeeze each other, forming the first stage of the pressure relief mechanism.

[0039] Under the action of the deformation shear force of the surrounding rock, the pin screw 5 will break when it reaches the plastic limit, so that the rod head 6 will successively contact and compress the next pin screw 5 at a distance, absorbing more strain energy of the surrounding rock and providing the next stage of relief stroke. As the surrounding rock 2 deforms, the rod head 6 will successively cut off the fixed-distance pin screws 5, continuously providing relief stroke, and finally come into complete contact with the sliding sleeve.

[0040] If the deformation of the surrounding rock 2 continues to increase, the serpentine section 7 will gradually straighten under stress, forming a second-stage pressure-relief mechanism. During the straightening process, the serpentine section 7 can absorb the energy of the deformation of the surrounding rock 2, providing a secondary pressure-relief stroke and enhancing the stability of the support structure. At this time, the sliding sleeve 3 and the circular rod head 6 are in complete contact, with a larger contact area than when squeezed with the pin screw 5, and can continue to absorb a certain amount of strain energy of the surrounding rock 2, bearing greater support resistance.

[0041] The device is used as follows: First, drill holes for the anchor rods according to the design drawings, where the actual drilling angle should not differ from the hole position on the drawing by more than 5°; second, assemble the sliding sleeve 3 with the anchor rod body, insert the anchor rod body through the second opening, and insert the pin screw 5 after determining the position of the rod head 6; then, drive the anchor rod into the inner wall of the anchor hole and inject resin anchoring agent; finally, install the annular suction cup 8 on the surrounding rock surface close to the anchor hole and tighten the preload nut 9 using mechanical equipment.

[0042] This invention provides two large relief strokes, enabling it to withstand greater support resistance. To a certain extent, it solves the problem of insufficient relief stroke in traditional anchor bolts leading to premature breakage, thus achieving long-term service life for the anchor bolts.

[0043] It should be noted that the length of the serpentine segment rod 7 of this utility model can be determined according to the deformation requirements of the surrounding rock, and can be determined based on the theoretical calculations performed in the early stage. Similarly, the model, quantity, position and spacing of the pin screws 5 of this utility model can also be determined based on the theoretical calculations according to the actual engineering requirements.

[0044] The preferred embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. However, this application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solution of this application, and all such equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A step resistance yielding anchor, characterized in that: The anchor rod body and the sliding sleeve are included. The anchor rod body includes a rod head, a straight section rod body one, a serpentine section rod body and a straight section rod body two, which are sequentially connected in a head-to-tail manner from left to right and integrally arranged, wherein the cross-sectional area of the rod head is larger than that of the straight section rod body one, the serpentine section rod body is arranged in a corrugated shape, and the serpentine section rod body is made of an elastic metal material. Two bottom surfaces of the sliding sleeve are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening for placing the anchor rod body, the size of the first opening matches the cross section of the straight section rod body one, and the size of the second opening matches the cross section of the rod head. At least two bolt holes are arranged on the sliding sleeve, a plurality of bolt holes are horizontally arranged along the outer wall of the sliding sleeve at a certain interval, a bolt screw is arranged on the bolt hole, and the bolt screw is located behind the rod head.

2. A step-damped yielding anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical anchor head is arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the sliding sleeve.

3. The step-dampening pressure-yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: An annular suction cup is arranged on the straight section rod body two.

4. The step-dampening pressure-yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: A pre-tightening nut is arranged on the straight section rod body two, and the pre-tightening nut is threadedly connected with the straight section rod body two.

5. The step-dampening pressure-yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: A resin anchoring agent is filled between the rod head and the sliding sleeve.

6. The step-up resistance-yielding pressure-relieving anchor rod of claim 1, wherein: The bolt holes are symmetrically arranged in pairs along the center of the cross section of the sliding sleeve, and there are n groups of the bolt holes, wherein n is greater than or equal to 1.

7. The step-dampening pressure-yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: The anchor rod body is a metal rod body.

8. The step-up resistance-yielding pressure-relieving anchor rod of claim 1, wherein: The sliding sleeve is a metal sleeve.

9. The step-up resistance yielding anchor of claim 1, wherein: The rod head is a circular rod head.

10. The step-up resistance-yielding pressure-relieving anchor rod of claim 1, wherein: The sliding sleeve is a cylindrical sleeve.

Images