Water turbine speed regulator for wind-solar-water storage complementary hydropower station and pumped storage power station

Abstract

The utility model discloses a water turbine governor for a wind-light-water storage complementary hydropower station and a pumped storage power station, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. The system comprises a receiving module, a storage module and an operation module, the receiving module collects and preprocesses wind power and photovoltaic generator set data in real time, and adds timestamps; the storage module stores control parameters, records historical data and supports parameter updating; the operation module operates a real-time operation system and a control algorithm, dynamically adjusts the guide vane opening degree of the water-turbine generator set through a PID controller, and forms closed-loop control in combination with a feedback unit. The system can dynamically sense the change of wind, light and electric power, realizes multi-energy collaborative optimization and self-adaptive mode switching, improves the adjustment precision and response speed, guarantees the stability of a power grid, and improves the utilization efficiency of clean energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, specifically relating to a turbine speed governor for wind-solar-hydro-storage complementary hydropower stations and pumped storage power stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, wind-solar-hydro-storage complementary hydropower stations and pumped storage power stations have become important solutions for improving the flexibility of power systems and the capacity to absorb clean energy. However, wind power and photovoltaic power generation have significant intermittent, fluctuating, and random characteristics. Their output variations can easily lead to grid frequency fluctuations and voltage instability, posing a serious challenge to the stability and power quality of the power system. Although traditional hydropower stations and pumped storage power stations have strong regulation capabilities, their associated turbine governors are mostly designed based on single energy scenarios, making it difficult to meet the coordinated control requirements of multi-energy complementary wind-solar-hydro scenarios. Specifically, this manifests in the following shortcomings:

[0003] Insufficient real-time response capability: Existing speed governors generally lack real-time monitoring and data fusion modules for wind and solar power generation parameters, making it impossible to dynamically perceive instantaneous changes in wind and solar power output, resulting in lag in regulation and difficulty in timely mitigating the impact of wind and solar fluctuations on the power grid.

[0004] Lack of multi-energy coordinated control: The control strategy of traditional speed governors is mainly designed for the independent operation of hydropower units and does not integrate the optimization algorithm for wind-solar-hydro complementarity. It cannot coordinate the dynamic matching of turbine output and wind and solar power, resulting in low overall system regulation accuracy and efficiency.

[0005] Rigid mode switching: Existing systems mostly rely on fixed operating modes or manual intervention for mode switching, making it difficult to automatically adjust the turbine operating status according to sudden changes in wind and solar power output (such as sudden increase, sudden decrease or zero), resulting in insufficient flexibility and easy to cause power redundancy or shortage.

[0006] Limitations of parameter optimization: The PID control parameters and permanent slip coefficient of traditional speed governors are usually set based on steady-state conditions and are not dynamically optimized for wind and solar power fluctuations. This results in excessive overshoot or insufficient response speed during regulation, affecting the stability of power quality.

[0007] Furthermore, there are few existing speed control devices that can achieve integrated and coordinated control of wind, solar, hydro, and storage, especially in terms of dynamic balance between wind and solar power output and hydropower regulation, seamless switching between multiple modes, and global optimization control, where there are significant technological gaps. Utility Model Content

[0008] This invention provides a novel turbine governor with real-time data fusion, multi-energy collaborative optimization, and adaptive mode switching capabilities, in order to solve key problems in the existing technology such as regulation lag, poor coordination, and insufficient flexibility, thereby improving the overall power quality of the power grid and the efficiency of clean energy utilization.

[0009] A turbine speed governor for wind-solar-hydro-storage complementary hydropower stations and pumped storage power stations is characterized by comprising a receiving module, a storage module, and an operating module. The receiving module receives data signals from wind turbine generator sets and photovoltaic generator sets. The receiving module and the storage module are electrically connected to the operating module, and the operating module then transmits the data to the turbine generator sets.

[0010] The receiving module includes:

[0011] Current or voltage sensors: Real-time monitoring of the power output of wind turbines and photovoltaic generators.

[0012] Power transmitter: converts analog signals into standard signals.

[0013] Analog-to-digital converter (ADC): Converts sensor signals into digital signals.

[0014] Communication interface: Connects with the SCADA systems or smart meters of wind turbines and photovoltaic generators via industrial protocols to obtain real-time data.

[0015] Microcontroller: Preprocesses data,

[0016] Real-time clock (RTC): Adds timestamps to data to ensure time synchronization;

[0017] The storage module includes:

[0018] Non-volatile memory: stores preset PID control parameters, permanent slip coefficient, and power threshold.

[0019] External storage expansion: used for long-term recording of historical runtime data.

[0020] Embedded database: performs parameter classification, storage, and fast retrieval.

[0021] Firmware interface: Update parameters via HMI.

[0022] The runtime module includes:

[0023] Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) or industrial microcontrollers: run a real-time operating system and execute control algorithms.

[0024] PID controller: Dynamically adjusts the guide vane opening of the hydro generator set based on power fluctuations from wind turbines and photovoltaic generators.

[0025] Feedback unit: Real-time monitoring of the output power of the hydro-generator unit to form a closed-loop control.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The receiving module collects wind and solar power generation data in real time, and uses a microcontroller for preprocessing and timing synchronization, ensuring dynamic perception of instantaneous changes in wind and solar power output, achieving millisecond-level response, and timely mitigating grid fluctuations. The operation module integrates a dynamic PID control algorithm, combined with preset optimized parameters in the storage module, to coordinate turbine output and wind and solar power fluctuations in real time, ensuring stable total power and improving system regulation accuracy and clean energy consumption efficiency. Through rapid parameter retrieval via an embedded database, combined with the real-time clock's timestamp synchronization function, automatic switching of turbine operating status is achieved when wind and solar power output changes abruptly, avoiding manual intervention and reducing power redundancy or shortage. The storage module stores multiple sets of dynamic optimized parameters, and combined with the closed-loop control of the power feedback unit, adjusts the PID coefficients according to real-time operating conditions, significantly reducing overshoot and improving power quality stability. Through deep integration with industrial protocols and SCADA systems, combined with an industrial microcontroller, multi-source data fusion and global optimization control are achieved, realizing dynamic balance of wind, solar, hydro, and storage multi-energy complementarity in the speed governor. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the speed governor and the wind, solar and hydropower generator set in Example 1.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a turbine governor used in wind-solar-hydro-storage hybrid power stations and pumped storage power stations.

[0029] The components are: 1-receiving module, 11-voltage sensor, 12-power transmitter, 13-analog-to-digital converter, 14-communication interface, 15-microcontroller, 16-real-time clock, 2-storage module, 21-EEPROM, 22-solid-state drive, 23-SQLite, 24-firmware interface, 3-running module, 31-industrial microcontroller, 32-PID controller, 33-feedback unit, 4-wind turbine generator set, 5-photovoltaic generator set, 6-hydro turbine generator set. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Example 1: A turbine governor for a wind-solar-hydro-storage hybrid power station and a pumped storage power station includes a receiving module 1, a storage module 2 and an operating module 3. The receiving module 1 receives data signals from a wind turbine generator set 4 and a photovoltaic generator set 5. The receiving module 1 and the storage module 2 are electrically connected to the operating module 3, and the operating module 3 then transmits the data to the turbine generator set 6.

[0031] The receiving module 1 consists of a voltage sensor 11, a power transmitter 12, an analog-to-digital converter 13, a communication interface 14, an ARM Cortex-M microcontroller 15, and a real-time clock 16. The voltage sensor 11 monitors the voltage output data of the wind turbine generator set 4 and the photovoltaic generator set 5 in real time. The power transmitter 12 converts the analog signal into a standard signal (such as 4-20mA or 0-10V) for subsequent processing. The analog-to-digital converter 13 converts the signal from the voltage sensor 11 into a digital signal. The communication interface 14 interfaces with the SCADA system of the wind turbine generator set 4 and the photovoltaic generator set 5 through industrial protocols (such as Modbus RTU / TCP, CAN bus, OPC UA) to obtain real-time data. The microcontroller 15 preprocesses the data, such as filtering and outlier removal. The real-time clock 16 adds timestamps to the data to ensure timing synchronization.

[0032] The workflow of receiving module 1 is as follows: voltage sensor 11 collects the power output signals of wind turbine generator set 4 and photovoltaic generator set 5 → power transmitter 12 and analog-to-digital converter 13 perform digital processing to obtain the power output change values ​​of wind turbine generator set 4 and photovoltaic generator set 5 → transmits the data to microcontroller 15 through the industrial protocol of communication interface 14 for subsequent module calls.

[0033] Storage module 2 consists of non-volatile memory (such as EEPROM 21), external storage expansion (solid-state drive 22), embedded database (such as SQLite 23), and firmware interface 24. EEPROM 21 stores preset PID control parameters (proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients), permanent slip coefficient, and power threshold. Solid-state drive 22 is used to record historical operating data for a long time and perform offline analysis. SQLite 23 performs parameter classification storage and fast retrieval. Firmware interface 24 updates parameters through HMI.

[0034] The workflow of storage module 2 is as follows: power threshold is written to EEPROM 21 via HMI → PID control parameters are quickly retrieved and called via SQLite 23 → historical data is periodically archived to solid-state drive 22.

[0035] The operation module 3 consists of an STM32H7 industrial microcontroller 31, a PID controller 32, and a power feedback unit 33. The industrial microcontroller 31 runs a real-time operating system and executes the control algorithm. The PID controller 32 dynamically adjusts the guide vane opening of the hydro-generator 6 according to the fluctuations of the wind turbine generator set 4 and the photovoltaic generator set 5 to ensure the stability of the total power. The power feedback unit 33 monitors the output power of the hydro-generator 6 in real time to form a closed-loop control.

[0036] The workflow of the operating module 3 is as follows: receiving data from the controller 15 → calling parameters from the storage module 2 → the PID controller 32 calculates the control quantity → adjusting the power of the hydro-generator set 6: when the received power output change values ​​of the wind turbine generator set 4 and the photovoltaic generator set 5 exceed the preset power threshold in the storage module 2, the output power of the hydro-generator set 6 is adjusted by the PID controller 32 so that the sum of the total output power of the hydro-generator set 6, the wind turbine generator set 4, and the photovoltaic generator set 5 reaches the total power demand value required by the clean energy base; → the power feedback unit 33 provides real-time feedback to form a closed loop.

[0037] In general, the working principle of the speed governor is as follows: the receiving module 1 acquires the power output data of the wind turbine generator set 4 and the photovoltaic generator set 5 in real time, the storage module 2 stores the operating parameters of the speed governor, and the operating module 3 controls and adjusts the operating power of the hydro turbine generator set 6 according to the power output data acquired by the receiving module 1 and the operating parameters stored in the storage module 2.

Claims

1. A hydro turbine governor for wind-solar-water-storage and pumped storage hydro power plant, characterized in that: The system comprises a receiving module, a storage module and a running module. The receiving module receives data signals of wind turbine generators and photovoltaic generators. The receiving module and the storage module are electrically connected with the running module. The running module transmits data to the hydro turbine generator. The receiving module comprises: Current or voltage sensor: real-time monitoring of wind turbine generators and photovoltaic generators, Power transmitter: converting analog signals into standard signals, Analog-to-digital converter (ADC): converting sensor signals into digital signals, Communication interface: through industrial protocol, connecting with SCADA system or smart meter of wind turbine generators and photovoltaic generators to obtain real-time data, Microcontroller: preprocessing data, Real-time clock (RTC): adding time stamp to data to ensure time synchronization; The storage module comprises: Non-volatile memory: storing preset PID control parameters, permanent state slip factor and power threshold, External storage expansion: for long-term recording of historical operation data, Embedded database: parameter classification storage and fast retrieval, Firmware interface: updating parameters through HMI, The running module comprises: Programmable logic controller (PLC) or industrial microcontroller: running real-time operating system, executing control algorithm, PID controller: dynamically adjusting guide vane opening of hydro turbine generator according to power fluctuation of wind turbine generators and photovoltaic generators, Feedback unit: real-time monitoring of output power of hydro turbine generator, forming closed-loop control.

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