Miniaturized device of high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle image transmission signal direction finding system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a miniaturized device of a high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle image transmission signal direction finding system. The miniaturized device comprises a detection direction finding antenna and a host. The detection direction-finding antenna comprises a low-frequency-band antenna unit, a high-frequency-band antenna unit, an antenna switching matrix, a radio frequency module and an electric compass; the low-frequency-band antenna unit and the high-frequency-band antenna unit are respectively connected with the antenna switching matrix, and the antenna switching matrix is connected with the radio frequency module; the host comprises a power supply module, an intermediate frequency acquisition board card and an embedded computer module; the intermediate frequency acquisition board card is connected with the embedded computer module and the power supply module; the detection direction-finding antenna is connected with the host through a control cable and an intermediate frequency cable. The direction-finding array adopts a directional antenna unit, so that the physical size of an antenna is smaller than an equivalent direction-finding aperture. Therefore, the constraint of the antenna aperture on the minimum size of equipment is broken, and the purpose of miniaturization is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of radio monitoring technology, specifically to a miniaturized device for a high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of drone technology, important units such as airports, nuclear power plants, oil depots, and military facilities are receiving increasing reports of drone intrusions, posing a threat to public safety. Therefore, regulating illegal drones has become an urgent priority. The prerequisite for drone regulation is the ability to detect drones and determine their location. An effective technical approach to obtaining drone location information is through signal direction finding using radio signal arrays. The higher the accuracy of detection and direction finding, the higher the success rate of subsequent drone decoy and link interference suppression.

[0003] However, traditional direction-finding systems can only guarantee high accuracy when the aperture is large enough and the antenna segmentation is sufficient. This results in traditional direction-finding equipment being large, poorly concealed, and difficult to carry. Common UAVs' image transmission signals operate across a frequency band spanning almost from 500MHz to 6000MHz. To enable the equipment to perform direction finding across this entire frequency band, the aperture requirements for the low-end and high-end direction-finding arrays differ significantly, necessitating a layered design for the direction-finding antenna array. Simultaneously, UAV control operations demand high mobility, high concealment, and high portability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to resolve the contradiction between high accuracy requirements and equipment miniaturization. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a miniaturized device for a high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system, in order to solve the technical problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A miniaturized device for a high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system includes:

[0007] Detection direction-finding antenna and main unit;

[0008] The detection and direction-finding antenna includes a low-frequency antenna unit, a high-frequency antenna unit, an antenna switching matrix, a radio frequency module, and an electric compass; the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit are respectively connected to the antenna switching matrix, and the antenna switching matrix is ​​connected to the radio frequency module.

[0009] The host includes a power module, an intermediate frequency acquisition board, and an embedded computer module; the intermediate frequency acquisition board is connected to the embedded computer module and the power module.

[0010] The detection and direction-finding antenna is connected to the host via a control cable and an intermediate frequency cable.

[0011] In some embodiments, the low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are directional antenna units.

[0012] In some embodiments, the structural cavity of the detection and direction-finding antenna serves as a reflector for the antenna element; the antenna switching matrix, radio frequency module, and electric compass are integrated within the structural cavity of the detection and direction-finding antenna.

[0013] In some embodiments, the operating frequency range of the low-frequency antenna unit is 500MHz-2400MHz, and the operating frequency range of the high-frequency antenna unit is 2400MHz-6000MHz.

[0014] In some embodiments, the low-frequency band antenna element and the high-frequency band antenna element of the detection and direction-finding antenna are tilted in the normal direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the detection and direction-finding antenna has 8 antenna elements and is divided into two antenna layers.

[0016] In some embodiments, the angle between the reflecting surfaces of the low-frequency band antenna element and the high-frequency band antenna element of the detection and direction-finding antenna and the horizontal plane is 60°.

[0017] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The direction finding array uses directional antenna elements, so that the physical size of the antenna is smaller than the equivalent direction finding aperture.

[0019] This breaks the constraint of antenna aperture on the minimum size of the device, achieving the goal of miniaturization;

[0020] (2) Using the antenna structure cavity as a reflector for the antenna element simplifies the design and further reduces the size;

[0021] (3) The amplitude and phase vector direction finding method was applied, achieving direction finding accuracy comparable to that of conventional omnidirectional antenna arrays;

[0022] (4) The direction-finding antenna is tilted in the normal direction, which reduces the overall height of the equipment while keeping the spacing between the high and low end antenna elements unchanged;

[0023] (5) The internal cavity space of the antenna array reflector is fully utilized to integrate the radio frequency front-end module, which reduces the size of the host and also reduces the sensitivity degradation problem caused by cable loss in the high frequency band. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the electrical principle of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2This is a layout diagram of the detection and direction-finding antenna in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Figure label:

[0027] 1-Detection and direction finding antenna, 2-Main unit, 3-Low frequency band antenna unit, 4-High frequency band antenna unit, 5-Electric compass, 6-Antenna switching matrix, 7-RF module, 8-Intermediate frequency acquisition board, 9-Embedded computer, 10-Power supply module, 11-High frequency band antenna unit, 12-Low frequency band antenna unit. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or display that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or display.

[0033] The following will combine Figure 1-2 This application provides a detailed description of a miniaturized device for a high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system, as described in the embodiments of this application. It is worth noting that the following embodiments are merely illustrative of this application and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a miniaturized device for a high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system includes:

[0036] The system includes a detection and direction-finding antenna 1 and a host 2; the detection and direction-finding antenna 1 includes a low-frequency antenna unit 123, a high-frequency antenna unit 114, an antenna switching matrix 6, a radio frequency module 7, and an electric compass 5; the low-frequency antenna unit 123 and the high-frequency antenna unit 114 are respectively connected to the antenna switching matrix 6, and the antenna switching matrix 6 is connected to the radio frequency module 7;

[0037] The host 2 includes a power module 10, an intermediate frequency acquisition board 8, and an embedded computer 9 module; the intermediate frequency acquisition board 8 is connected to the embedded computer 9 module and the power module 10; the detection and direction finding antenna 1 is connected to the host 2 via a control cable and an intermediate frequency cable.

[0038] The effective range of this embodiment is required to be 360° in the horizontal azimuth plane and 0-90° in the vertical elevation plane. The direction finding accuracy requirement is ≤3°RMS.

[0039] The low-frequency antenna unit 123 and the high-frequency antenna unit 114 are directional antenna units. The structural cavity of the detection and direction-finding antenna 1 serves as the reflector of the antenna unit; the antenna switching matrix 6, the radio frequency module 7, and the electric compass 5 are integrated into the structural cavity of the detection and direction-finding antenna 1.

[0040] In this embodiment, the antenna array has 8 elements, divided into two layers. The low-frequency band operates in the range of 500MHz-2400MHz, and the high-frequency band operates in the range of 2400MHz-6000MHz. The angle between the antenna reflector and the horizontal plane is 60°, and the maximum antenna diameter is 41cm. There are three channels for RF reception and three channels for IF processing. The host unit 2 adopts a plug-in module design for easy integration with more complex systems. The instantaneous analysis bandwidth of the device is 80MHz.

[0041] The following comparison is made with traditional direction-finding schemes that do not employ this invention. Based on engineering experience, conventional designs typically involve at least two layers of antenna array, with each layer containing no fewer than seven antenna elements. The antenna segmentation is approximately 2500MHz, and the antenna array aperture is no less than 50cm. Considering the antenna's own dimensions, the actual antenna diameter is no less than 52cm. To ensure that the equiphase surface of each antenna element is close to an ideal circle, other modules are avoided between antenna elements.

[0042] Under the same precision requirements, this utility model reduces the device diameter by approximately 11cm, or about 21%.

[0043] Under the same accuracy requirements, if a conventional design is used, to ensure that the equiphase surface of the antenna element is close to an ideal circle, the positions of the antenna switching matrix 6 and the RF module 7 located at the center of the antenna array need to be moved downwards to avoid them. Increasing the antenna height by 5cm reduces the overall height of this invention by approximately 20%.

[0044] In some embodiments, the focus is on monitoring scenarios in areas with a high risk of drone intrusion, such as the vicinity of airports. Within airport airspace protection zones, unauthorized intrusion by drones can seriously threaten the take-off and landing safety of civil aircraft, thus creating an extremely urgent need for rapid and accurate direction finding of drone image transmission signals.

[0045] In terms of system hardware connections, the low-frequency antenna unit 123 and the high-frequency antenna unit 1 in the detection and direction-finding antenna 1 accurately capture the image transmission signals transmitted by the UAV based on their respective frequency band characteristics. The antenna switching matrix 6 quickly switches to the corresponding antenna unit according to the signal frequency band to ensure efficient signal reception. The RF module 7 performs necessary filtering, amplification, and other preprocessing on the received signal, converting the analog signal into a form suitable for subsequent processing. The electric compass 5 acquires the azimuth information of the detection and direction-finding antenna 1 in real time, providing basic data for direction-finding calculations. In the host unit 2, the power module 10 stably supplies power to all components to ensure normal system operation. The intermediate frequency acquisition board 8 receives signals from the RF module 7, performs intermediate frequency sampling and digitization processing, and transmits the digital signal to the embedded computer module 9.

[0046] In the system workflow, when a UAV enters the monitoring area and transmits an image transmission signal, the detection and direction-finding antenna 1 receives the signal. Assuming the UAV's image transmission signal frequency band is 3000MHz, the antenna switching matrix 6 directs the signal to the high-frequency detection and direction-finding antenna 1 unit. After the radio frequency module 7 processes the signal, it is transmitted to the intermediate frequency acquisition board 8. The board completes the digital processing and transmits the data to the embedded computer module 9. The module uses the amplitude and phase vector direction finding method, combined with the antenna azimuth information provided by the electric compass 5, to calculate the UAV's azimuth. If the calculated UAV is located 10° directly in front of the airport runway, the system immediately issues an alarm to remind security personnel to take measures.

[0047] Compared to traditional direction-finding schemes, which typically require large apertures and numerous elements to meet high-precision direction-finding requirements in airport environments, traditional schemes often have antennas with diameters exceeding 60cm and heights that are also quite tall. Furthermore, the complex antenna layout makes signal processing difficult and increases the susceptibility of direction-finding accuracy to interference. This embodiment employs directional antenna elements and a unique layout, resulting in an antenna diameter of only 41cm and a significantly reduced height. Regarding direction-finding accuracy, traditional schemes may experience fluctuations exceeding 5° RMS in complex electromagnetic environments, while the solution employed in this embodiment maintains a stable accuracy of ≤3° RMS, greatly enhancing the monitoring capabilities of UAVs and effectively ensuring the safety of airport areas.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is used to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A miniaturized device for a high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system, characterized in that, include: Detection direction-finding antenna and main unit; The detection and direction-finding antenna includes a low-frequency antenna unit, a high-frequency antenna unit, an antenna switching matrix, a radio frequency module, and an electric compass; the low-frequency antenna unit and the high-frequency antenna unit are respectively connected to the antenna switching matrix, and the antenna switching matrix is ​​connected to the radio frequency module. The host includes a power module, an intermediate frequency acquisition board, and an embedded computer module; the intermediate frequency acquisition board is connected to the embedded computer module and the power module. The detection and direction-finding antenna is connected to the host via a control cable and an intermediate frequency cable.

2. The miniaturized device for the high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency band antenna unit and the high-frequency band antenna unit are directional antenna units.

3. The miniaturized device for the high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural cavity of the detection and direction-finding antenna serves as a reflector for the antenna element; the antenna switching matrix, radio frequency module, and electric compass are integrated within the structural cavity of the detection and direction-finding antenna.

4. The miniaturized device for the high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency antenna unit operates in the frequency range of 500MHz-2400MHz, and the high-frequency antenna unit operates in the frequency range of 2400MHz-6000MHz.

5. The miniaturized device for the high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-frequency and high-frequency antenna elements of the detection and direction-finding antenna are tilted in the normal direction.

6. The miniaturized device for the high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection and direction-finding antenna has 8 antenna elements and is divided into two antenna layers.

7. The miniaturized device for the high-precision UAV image transmission signal direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the reflecting surfaces of the low-frequency and high-frequency antenna elements of the detection and direction-finding antenna and the horizontal plane is 60°.

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