Battery pack and vehicle
By adopting a three-dimensional cooling scheme in the battery pack, with cold plates simultaneously placed on the top, side, and bottom of the cell assembly, the problem of poor battery pack cooling effect is solved, achieving more efficient thermal management and a longer cell assembly life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing battery packs have limited cooling performance, especially under high-power conditions where they struggle to handle heat buildup, resulting in poor cooling efficiency.
A three-dimensional cooling scheme is adopted, with cold plates simultaneously placed on the top, sides and bottom of the battery cell assembly to form a three-dimensional cooling structure, increase the heat exchange area and uniformly distribute the temperature.
It improves the cooling efficiency of the battery cell pack, reduces temperature difference, extends the cycle life of the battery cell pack, and reduces the risk of explosion.
Smart Images
Figure CN224036440U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery pack and a vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] Related battery packs typically employ bottom cooling or a combination of top and bottom cooling, but the cooling effect is limited. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery pack and vehicle with better cooling performance.
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a battery pack, comprising:
[0005] At least one column of battery cells, the battery cell group including a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction, the top surface of the battery cells having a terminal post, the battery cell group also including a plate, the plate being electrically connected to the terminal post of two adjacent battery cells;
[0006] A cold plate extends along the first direction, with a portion of the cold plate located at the top of the cell assembly and in contact with the battery pack, a portion of the cold plate located at the bottom of the cell assembly and in contact with the bottom surface of the cell, and a portion of the cold plate located on the side of the cell assembly and in contact with the side wall surface of the cell in the second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
[0007] Traditional bottom-mounted cooling or a combination of top and bottom-mounted cooling methods are limited by the cooling area, making it difficult to cope with heat accumulation under high-power conditions, resulting in limited cooling effectiveness. This application simultaneously places cold plates on the top, sides, and bottom of the cell assembly, forming a three-dimensional cooling solution. The cold plate at the top of the cell assembly directly adheres to the electrode contacts, rapidly dissipating Joule heat at the contacts and reducing heat accumulation in the electrode area. The cold plate at the bottom of the cell assembly directly cools the heat-generating areas of the cell, contributing to more uniform heat conduction. The cold plates on the sides of the cell assembly absorb heat from the sidewalls, helping to reduce temperature differences in three directions. This three-dimensional heat dissipation path significantly increases the heat exchange area between the cell assembly and the cold plates, improving the cooling efficiency of the cell assembly. The synergistic effect of the cold plates in three directions also makes the internal temperature distribution of the cell more uniform, extending the cycle life of the cell assembly.
[0008] Optionally, the battery cell includes an explosion-proof valve, which is disposed on the bottom surface or the top surface, and the explosion-proof valve and the corresponding cold plate are offset from each other.
[0009] Optionally, the number of the explosion-proof valves is two, and the two explosion-proof valves are located at two ends of the second direction of the bottom surface, and the cold plate located at the bottom of the battery cell group is located between the two explosion-proof valves.
[0010] Optionally, the distance between the cold plate and the explosion-proof valve is L, and the value range of the L is 0mm≤L≤20mm.
[0011] Optionally, the baffle is located at two ends of the second direction of the battery cell group, and the number of the cold plate located at the top of the battery cell group is two, and the two cold plates and the baffle at the two ends correspond to the lamination.
[0012] Optionally, the distance between the bottom surface of the cold plate located at the side of the battery cell group and the bottom surface is H1, the size of the third direction of the battery cell is H, the value range of the H1 is 0mm≤H1≤1 / 3H, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
[0013] Optionally, the distance between the top surface of the cold plate located at the side of the battery cell group and the top surface is H2, the size of the third direction of the battery cell is H, the value range of the H2 is 1 / 4H≤H2≤1 / 2H, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
[0014] Optionally, the battery pack further comprises:
[0015] The water storage pool, the water inlet of each cold plate and the same water storage pool are communicated, the water outlet of each cold plate and the same water storage pool are communicated, and the water storage pool has an external pipeline.
[0016] Optionally, the number of the water storage pool is twice the number of the battery cell group, the water inlet of each cold plate for cooling the same battery cell group and the same water storage pool are communicated, and the water outlet of each cold plate for cooling the same battery cell group and the same water storage pool are communicated.
[0017] The application also provides a vehicle comprising the battery pack.
[0018] The vehicle of the application comprises the battery pack, and therefore has the same technical effects as the battery pack, which will not be described here again. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 The internal structure schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the battery pack provided by the application;
[0020] Figure 2 The internal structure schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the battery pack provided by the application; Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the battery pack without water storage pool;
[0021] Figure 3 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Figure 2 is a bottom view of the battery pack of Figure 1 ;
[0022] Figure 4 Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of the battery pack along a first direction; Figure 2 Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the battery pack along a second direction;
[0023] Figure 5 Figure 5 is a sectional view of the battery pack along a third direction; Figure 2 Figure 6 is a sectional view of the battery pack along a fourth direction; Figure 7 is a structural schematic view of a cell group in the battery pack;
[0024] Figure 8 is a structural schematic view of a cell in the battery pack; Figure 6 Figure 9 is a bottom view of the cell of Figure 8; Figure 1 Figure 10 is a structural schematic view of the cell along a first direction; Figure 11 is a structural schematic view of the cell along a second direction;
[0025] Figure 12 is a sectional view of the cell along a third direction; Figure 7 Figure 13 is a sectional view of the cell along a fourth direction; Figure 6 Figure 14 is a structural schematic view of a cell group in the battery pack; Figure 15 is a structural schematic view of a cell in the battery pack;
[0026] Figure 16 is a bottom view of the cell of Figure 15; Figure 8 Figure 17 is a structural schematic view of the cell along a first direction; Figure 7 Figure 18 is a structural schematic view of the cell along a second direction; Figure 19 is a sectional view of the cell along a third direction;
[0027] Figure 20 is a sectional view of the cell along a fourth direction; Figures 1-8 Figure 21 is a structural schematic view of a cell group in the battery pack; Figure 22 is a structural schematic view of a cell in the battery pack;
[0028] 1 - cell group; 11 - cell; 11 A - top surface; 11 B - bottom surface; 11 C - side wall surface; 111 - pole; 112 - explosion-proof valve; 12 - baffle; 2 - cold plate; 21 - cold plate water nozzle;
[0029] 3 - water storage pool; 31 - external pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
[0031] Please refer to ,
[0032] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application; Figures 1-5 Figure 2 is a bottom view of the battery pack of Figure 1 ; Figure 1 Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of the battery pack along a first direction; Figure 2 Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the battery pack along a second direction; Figure 1 Figure 5 is a sectional view of the battery pack along a third direction; Figure 3 Figure 6 is a sectional view of the battery pack along a fourth direction; Figure 2 Figure 7 is a structural schematic view of a cell group in the battery pack; Figure 4 Figure 8 is a structural schematic view of a cell in the battery pack; Figure 2 Figure 9 is a bottom view of the cell of Figure 8; Figure 5 Figure 10 is a structural schematic view of the cell along a first direction; Figure 2 Figure 11 is a structural schematic view of the cell along a second direction; Figure 12 is a sectional view of the cell along a third direction;
[0033] Figure 13 is a sectional view of the cell along a fourth direction; Figure 14 is a structural schematic view of a cell group in the battery pack;
[0034] At least one cell group 1, the cell group 1 includes a plurality of cells 11 arranged along a first direction, the top surface 11A of the cell 11 is provided with a pole 111, and the cell group 1 further includes a tab 12, the tab 12 is electrically connected with the poles 111 of the adjacent two cells 11;
[0035] A cold plate 2 extends along the first direction, part of the cold plate 2 is located at the top of the cell group 1 and is attached to the tab 12, part of the cold plate 2 is located at the bottom of the cell group 1 and is attached to the bottom surface 11B of the cell 11, and part of the cold plate 2 is located at the side of the cell group 1 and is attached to the side wall surface 11C of the cell 11 in the second direction, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
[0036] The traditional bottom cooling or the combination of top cooling and bottom cooling is limited by the cooling area, and it is difficult to cope with the heat accumulation under high-power working conditions, and the cooling effect is limited. In this embodiment, the cold plate 2 is arranged at the top, side and bottom of the cell group 1 to form a three-dimensional cooling scheme, the cold plate 2 located at the top of the cell group 1 directly attaches to the tab 12, which can quickly conduct the Joule heat at the connection of the tab 12 to reduce the heat accumulation in the area where the pole 111 is located, the cold plate 2 located at the bottom of the cell group 1 directly cools the heat generating area of the cell 11, which helps to achieve more uniform heat conduction, and the cold plate 2 located at the side of the cell group 1 absorbs the heat of the side wall surface 11C of the cell 11, which helps to reduce the temperature difference in the third direction of the cell 11. It can be seen that this three-dimensional heat dissipation path greatly improves the heat exchange area between the cell group 1 and the cold plate 2, effectively breaks through the upper limit of the heat dissipation capacity of the traditional heat dissipation scheme, and improves the cooling efficiency of the cell group 1; The internal temperature distribution of the cell 11 is more uniform due to the synergistic effect of the cold plates 2 in three directions, thereby prolonging the cycle life of the cell group 1.
[0037] Considering installation errors and other factors, the included angle between the first direction and the second direction can be considered as perpendicular to each other when the included angle is about 90°, for example, the included angle between the first direction and the second direction can be in the range of 89°-91°.
[0038] Please refer to Figures 6-8 , Figure 6 for Figure 1 a structural schematic view of a cell group in a battery pack; Figure 7 for Figure 6 a structural schematic view of a cell in the battery pack; Figure 8 for Figure 7 a bottom view of the cell.
[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the cell 11 includes a pressure relief valve 112, the pressure relief valve 112 is arranged on the bottom surface 11B or the top surface 11A, and the pressure relief valve 112 and the corresponding cold plate 2 are staggered.
[0040] The explosion-proof valve 112 and the corresponding cold plate 2 are staggered with each other. Specifically, if the explosion-proof valve 112 is arranged on the top surface 11A, the explosion-proof valve 112 and the cold plate 2 located at the top of the battery cell group 1 are staggered with each other; if the explosion-proof valve 112 is arranged on the bottom surface 11B, the explosion-proof valve 112 and the cold plate 2 located at the bottom of the battery cell group 1 are staggered with each other.
[0041] Since the explosion-proof valve 112 needs to quickly release the high-pressure gas in the battery in thermal runaway, if the explosion-proof valve 112 overlaps with the cold plate 2, the cold plate 2 may block the pressure relief path or hinder the opening of the explosion-proof valve 112, causing the pressure to be unable to be released in time and increasing the risk of explosion; the high-pressure gas jet may also impact the cold plate 2, causing the cold plate 2 to deform or break. If the explosion-proof valve 112 and the corresponding cold plate 2 are staggered with each other, i.e., the explosion-proof valve 112 does not overlap with the cold plate 2, the cold plate 2 can avoid blocking the pressure relief path or hindering the opening of the explosion-proof valve 112, so that the pressure can be released in time and the risk of explosion is reduced; the high-pressure gas jet will not impact the cold plate 2, and the possibility of deformation or breakage of the cold plate 2 is reduced as much as possible.
[0042] Further, if the explosion-proof valve 112 is arranged on the bottom surface 11B, the explosion-proof valve 112 and the pole 111 are located in different directions of the battery cell 11, so that the electrode connection of the battery cell 11 is not directly affected even when the explosion-proof valve 112 is activated, reducing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell 11.
[0043] Please continue to refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of the present application, the number of explosion-proof valves 112 is two, and the two explosion-proof valves 112 are located at two ends of the second direction of the bottom surface 11B and between the cold plates 2 located at the bottom of the battery cell group 1.
[0044] As arranged above, the number of explosion-proof valves 112 is two, and the two explosion-proof valves 112 can increase the pressure relief area of the battery cell 11. When the internal pressure of the battery cell 11 starts to rise, the two explosion-proof valves 112 can respond faster, improve the pressure relief efficiency of the battery cell 11, quickly reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell 11, and suppress heat diffusion. The two explosion-proof valves 112 can also form a redundant design, so that even if one of the explosion-proof valves 112 fails, the other explosion-proof valve 112 can still function normally, thereby providing double safety protection. At the same time, the two explosion-proof valves 112 are located at two ends of the second direction of the bottom surface 11B, so that the internal pressure of the battery cell 11 can be uniformly released from both ends, reducing pressure concentration. The bottom cold plate 2 is located between the two explosion-proof valves 112, so that the cold plate 2 does not interfere with the normal work of the explosion-proof valve 112, and the cold plate 2 can more effectively cool the bottom of the battery cell group 1, improving the cooling effect.
[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, the distance between the cold plate 2 and the explosion-proof valve 112 is L, and the value range of L is 0mm≤L≤20mm.
[0046] As set above, if L < 0 mm, it indicates that the cold plate 2 and the explosion-proof valve 112 have an overlap, the cold plate 2 can block the pressure relief path or hinder the opening of the explosion-proof valve 112, causing the pressure to be unable to be released in time, increasing the explosion risk; the high-pressure gas jetting can also impact the cold plate 2, causing the deformation or rupture of the cold plate 2; if L > 20 mm, the contact area of the cold plate 2 with the battery cell 11 is limited, the heat at the bottom of the battery cell 11 cannot be quickly conducted out through the cold plate 2, reducing the cooling efficiency. In some embodiments of the present application, L has a value range as above, which can avoid the overlap of the cold plate 2 and the explosion-proof valve 112, avoid the cold plate 2 blocking the pressure relief path or hindering the opening of the explosion-proof valve 112, so that the pressure can be released in time, reducing the explosion risk, and ensuring that the cold plate 2 has sufficient contact area with the battery cell 11, ensuring that the heat at the bottom of the battery cell 11 can be quickly conducted out through the cold plate 2, improving the cooling efficiency.
[0047] Wherein, L can be specifically 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, etc., when L is 0 mm, the cold plate 2 has the largest contact area with the battery cell 11, maximizing the cooling efficiency; when L is 20 mm, while ensuring the cooling efficiency, the installation difficulty of the cold plate 2 can be reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the size of the cold plate 2 is reduced, reducing the production cost; when L is 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, a balance can be achieved among the cooling efficiency, the production efficiency and the production cost, improving the quality of the battery pack.
[0048] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 In some embodiments of the present application, the busbar 12 is located at both ends of the battery cell group 1 in the second direction, the number of the cold plates 2 at the top of the battery cell group 1 is two, and the two cold plates 2 and the busbars 12 at both ends correspondingly fit.
[0049] Since the positive and negative pole columns of the battery cell 11 are arranged at both ends of the battery cell 11 in the second direction, the busbar 12 is located at both ends of the battery cell group 1 in the second direction, which can facilitate the series and parallel connection of the battery cell 11; the number of the cold plates 2 at the top of the battery cell group 1 is two, the two cold plates 2 and the busbars 12 at both ends correspondingly fit, and the two cold plates 2 form a symmetrical heat dissipation structure, the two independent cold plates 2 can more effectively manage the temperature at both ends of the battery cell group 1, reducing the accumulation of heat in the second direction of the battery cell group 1, thereby achieving a more uniform heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the size of the cold plate 2 can be adaptively set according to the size of the busbar 12, so that the heat dissipation area of the cold plate 2 is more efficiently utilized, reducing the material cost of the cold plate 2.
[0050] In some other embodiments of the present application, the number of the cold plates 2 at the top of the battery cell group 1 is one, and the busbars 12 at both ends and the same cold plate 2 fit, which can simplify the assembly steps of the cold plate 2 and improve the production efficiency.
[0051] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 In some embodiments of the present application, the distance between the bottom surface of the cold plate 2 located at the side of the battery cell group 1 and the bottom surface 11B is H1, the size of the battery cell 11 in the third direction is H, and the value range of H1 is 0mm≤H1≤1 / 3H, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
[0052] As arranged above, if H1<0mm, it indicates that the bottom surface of the cold plate 2 exceeds the bottom surface of the battery cell 11, and the cold plate 2 may affect the installation stability of the battery cell 11, and the part exceeding the bottom surface of the battery cell 11 cannot be attached to the side wall surface 11C of the battery cell 11, causing waste of the heat dissipation area of the cold plate 2; if H1>1 / 3H, the cold plate 2 located at the side of the battery cell group 1 is too close to the top of the battery cell group 1, and the temperature difference of the battery cell group 1 in the third direction is generated, affecting the cycle life of the battery cell group 1. While H1 has the value range as above, it can not only avoid the influence of the cold plate 2 on the installation stability of the battery cell 11, but also improve the utilization rate of the heat dissipation area of the cold plate 2, and is conducive to improving the temperature uniformity of the battery cell group 1 in the third direction and prolonging the cycle life of the battery cell group 1.
[0053] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 In some embodiments of the present application, the distance between the top surface of the cold plate 2 located at the side of the battery cell group 1 and the top surface 11A is H2, the size of the battery cell 11 in the third direction is H, and the value range of H2 is 1 / 4H≤H2≤1 / 2H, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
[0054] From Figure 5 It can be seen that the top of the battery cell group 1 has two cold plates 2, and the bottom of the battery cell group 1 has one cold plate 2, and the cooling efficiency of the top of the battery cell group 1 is higher than that of the bottom of the battery cell group 1. If H2<1 / 4H, that is, the cold plate 2 located at the side of the battery cell group 1 is too close to the top of the battery cell group 1, which leads to a larger difference in cooling efficiency of the battery cell group 1 in the third direction, and the temperature difference of the battery cell group 1 in the third direction is larger, affecting the cycle life of the battery cell group 1; if H2 is greater than 1 / 2H, the cold plate 2 located at the side of the battery cell group 1 is too close to the bottom of the battery cell group 1, which leads to that the cooling efficiency of the bottom of the battery cell group 1 is higher than that of the top of the battery cell group 1, which is also not conducive to the cycle life of the battery cell group 1. While H2 has the value range as above, it can ensure that the cooling efficiency of the bottom of the battery cell group 1 and the cooling efficiency of the top of the battery cell group 1 are comparable, the temperature of the battery cell group 1 in the third direction is more uniform, and the cycle life of the battery cell group 1 is prolonged.
[0055] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 In some embodiments of the present application, the battery pack further comprises:
[0056] The water storage pool 3 is connected with the water inlets of the cold plates 2 and the water outlets of the cold plates 2, and the water storage pool 3 has an external pipeline 31.
[0057] As arranged above, the water inlets of the cold plates 2 are connected with the same water storage pool 3, the water outlets of the cold plates 2 are connected with the same water storage pool 3, and the water storage pool 3 has an external pipeline 31. By connecting the water storage pool 3 with the external cooling system, the pipeline design can be simplified, the number and complexity of the pipelines can be reduced, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the risk of liquid leakage can be reduced.
[0058] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the number of water storage pools 3 is twice the number of the battery cell groups, the water inlets of the cold plates 2 for cooling the same battery cell group 1 are connected with the same water storage pool 3, and the water outlets of the cold plates 2 for cooling the same battery cell group are connected with the same water storage pool 3.
[0059] As arranged above, each battery cell group 1 has its own independent cooling circuit, and the number of the battery cell groups 1 can be increased or decreased to adapt to different power requirements. Meanwhile, by providing each battery cell group 1 with an independent water storage pool 3, the flow and temperature of the cooling liquid of each water storage pool 3 can be independently controlled, so that different cooling strategies can be provided for different battery cell groups 1, ensuring that each battery cell group 1 can obtain uniform cooling effect and reducing the temperature difference between the battery cell groups 1, thereby improving the cooling uniformity.
[0060] In some other embodiments, when the number of the battery cell groups 1 is multiple, the water inlets of the cold plates 2 for cooling the multiple battery cell groups 1 are connected with the same water storage pool 3, and the water outlets of the cold plates 2 for cooling the multiple battery cell groups 1 are connected with the same water storage pool 3. For example, the water inlets of the cold plates 2 for cooling two adjacent battery cell groups 1 are connected with the same water storage pool 3, and the water outlets of the cold plates 2 for cooling the two adjacent battery cell groups 1 are connected with the same water storage pool 3. Alternatively, the water inlets of all the cold plates 2 are connected with the same water storage pool 3, and the water outlets of all the cold plates 2 are connected with the same water storage pool 3. In this way, the number of the water storage pools 3 can be further reduced, the pipeline design can be further simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
[0061] The embodiment also provides a vehicle comprising the battery pack.
[0062] The vehicle comprises the battery pack, and thus has the same technical effects as the battery pack, which will not be described here again.
[0063] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and refinements without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A battery pack, characterized by, The battery pack comprises: at least one column of battery cell groups (1), the battery cell group (1) comprising a plurality of battery cells (11) arranged in a first direction, the top surface (11A) of the battery cell (11) being provided with a pole (111), and the battery cell group (1) further comprising a bar (12) electrically connected with the poles (111) of the adjacent two battery cells (11); a cold plate (2) extending in the first direction, part of the cold plate (2) being located at the top of the battery cell group (1) and being in contact with the bar (12), part of the cold plate (2) being located at the bottom of the battery cell group (1) and being in contact with the bottom surface (11B) of the battery cell (11), and part of the cold plate (2) being located at the side of the battery cell group (1) and being in contact with the side wall surface (11C) of the battery cell (11) in the second direction, the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular to each other.
2. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein, The battery cell (11) comprises an explosion-proof valve (112), the explosion-proof valve (112) being arranged on the bottom surface (11B) or the top surface (11A), and the explosion-proof valve (112) and the corresponding cold plate (2) being staggered with each other.
3. The battery pack of claim 2, wherein, The number of explosion-proof valves (112) is two, the two explosion-proof valves (112) being located at the two ends of the second direction of the bottom surface (11B), and the cold plate (2) located at the bottom of the battery cell group (1) being located between the two explosion-proof valves (112).
4. The battery pack of claim 2 or 3, wherein, The distance between the cold plate (2) and the explosion-proof valve (112) is L, and the value range of L is 0mm≤L≤20mm.
5. The battery pack of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The bar (12) is located at the two ends of the second direction of the battery cell group (1), the number of cold plates (2) located at the top of the battery cell group (1) is two, and the two cold plates (2) are in contact with the bars (12) at the two ends.
6. The battery pack of claim 3, wherein, The distance between the bottom surface of the cold plate (2) located at the side of the battery cell group (1) and the bottom surface (11B) is H1, the size of the battery cell (11) in the third direction is H, and the value range of H1 is 0mm≤H1≤1 / 3H, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction being perpendicular to each other.
7. The battery pack of claim 3, wherein, The distance between the top surface of the cold plate (2) located at the side of the battery cell group (1) and the top surface (11A) is H2, the size of the battery cell (11) in the third direction is H, and the value range of H2 is 1 / 4H≤H2≤1 / 2H, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction being perpendicular to each other.
8. The battery pack of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The battery pack further comprises: a water storage tank (3), the water inlet of each cold plate (2) being communicated with the same water storage tank (3), and the water outlet of each cold plate (2) being communicated with the same water storage tank (3), and the water storage tank (3) having an external pipeline (31).
9. The battery pack of claim 8, wherein, The number of water storage tanks (3) is twice the number of battery cell groups, the water inlets of the cold plates (2) for cooling the same battery cell group (1) being communicated with the same water storage tank (3), and the water outlets of the cold plates (2) for cooling the same battery cell group (1) being communicated with the same water storage tank (3).
10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: A battery pack comprising any of claims 1-9.