Surge protection circuit, controller, battery management system, power distribution equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a surge protection circuit, a controller, a battery management system, power distribution equipment and a vehicle. The surge protection circuit comprises a first transient voltage suppressor diode and a second transient voltage suppressor diode, the anode of the first transient voltage suppressor diode is connected with the anode of the second transient voltage suppressor diode, and the cathode of the first transient voltage suppressor diode is suitable for being connected with the anode end of a power supply. The cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is suitable for being connected with the negative terminal of the power supply and the first grounding terminal. According to the surge protection circuit, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppressor diode is broken down, the second transient voltage suppressor diode can serve as a common diode to be conducted, surge voltage is discharged from the first grounding end, and when a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppressor diode is broken down, the surge voltage is discharged from the second grounding end. And the first transient voltage suppression diode can be conducted as a common diode, so that the surge resistance of a subsequent circuit can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electromagnetic protection technology, and in particular to a surge protection circuit, controller, battery management system, power distribution equipment, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of automobiles from fuel-powered to new energy technologies, the electronic equipment in the vehicle body is in an environment filled with electromagnetic noise. This equipment must withstand instantaneous interference from nearby devices. In the power circuits of electronic products, surge currents are typically generated upon startup. Surges and ESD (electrostatic discharge) are transient high voltages, which are extremely dangerous interferences and can, in extreme cases, damage chips. Therefore, improving the surge resistance of circuits is becoming increasingly important. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention provides a surge protection circuit, controller, battery management system, power distribution equipment, and vehicle to solve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] A surge protection circuit according to this utility model includes a first transient voltage suppression diode and a second transient voltage suppression diode. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is connected to the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode. The cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is adapted to be connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is adapted to be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and a first ground terminal.

[0005] In the surge protection circuit described above, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal. When a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance of subsequent circuits.

[0006] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit is configured such that when the forward surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode, the first transient voltage suppression diode is broken down and the second transient voltage suppression diode is turned on, so that the forward surge voltage can be discharged to the first ground terminal.

[0007] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit includes a downstream unit, and the positive terminal is connected to the downstream unit.

[0008] The surge protection circuit is configured such that when the negative surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode, the second transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode is turned on, and the subsequent unit is opened.

[0009] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode is less than the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode.

[0010] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode is in the range of 26 volts to 28 volts, and / or the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode is in the range of 13 volts to 15 volts.

[0011] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes a first filter circuit, one end of which is connected to the cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode, and the other end of which is connected to the cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode.

[0012] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the first filter circuit is configured to absorb the energy of the surge voltage when the surge protection circuit generates a surge voltage.

[0013] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the first filter circuit includes a first capacitor matrix circuit.

[0014] One end of the first capacitor matrix circuit is connected to the positive terminal, and the other end of the first capacitor matrix circuit is connected to the negative terminal.

[0015] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the first capacitor matrix circuit includes at least two first capacitor branches connected in parallel, and each first capacitor branch includes at least one first capacitor.

[0016] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the first filter circuit further includes an inductor and a second capacitor matrix circuit.

[0017] One end of the inductor is connected to one end of the first capacitor matrix circuit, and the other end of the inductor is connected to one end of the second capacitor matrix circuit, and the other end of the second capacitor matrix circuit is connected to the negative terminal.

[0018] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the first capacitor matrix circuit includes at least two first capacitor branches connected in parallel, each first capacitor branch including at least one first capacitor, and / or,

[0019] The second capacitor matrix circuit includes at least two second capacitor branches connected in parallel, and each second capacitor branch includes at least one second capacitor.

[0020] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes a first reverse connection protection circuit. The first reverse connection protection circuit has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of the first reverse connection protection circuit is connected to one terminal of the first filter circuit, the second terminal is connected to the other terminal of the first filter circuit, and the third terminal serves as the output terminal of the first reverse connection protection circuit.

[0021] The first reverse connection protection circuit is adapted to open the first terminal and the third terminal when the voltage value at the first terminal is less than the voltage value at the second terminal.

[0022] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes a second filter circuit, which includes a third capacitor, a first resistor, and a second resistor.

[0023] One end of the third capacitor is connected to the third terminal, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the second ground terminal.

[0024] One end of the first resistor is connected to the third terminal, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the second terminal.

[0025] One end of the second resistor is connected to the second terminal, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the other terminal of the first filter circuit.

[0026] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the first reverse connection protection circuit includes a first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0027] The drain of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected to the first terminal, the gate of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected to the second terminal, and the source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected to the third terminal.

[0028] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes an overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit.

[0029] The power supply terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the third terminal, and the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit serves as the output terminal of the surge protection circuit.

[0030] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is adapted to disconnect the connection between the power supply terminal and the output terminal when the voltage value at the power supply terminal is greater than a first voltage threshold and / or the current value at the power supply terminal is greater than a first current threshold.

[0031] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is an overcurrent and overvoltage protection chip.

[0032] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes a second reverse connection protection circuit.

[0033] The second reverse connection protection circuit has a fourth terminal and a fifth terminal. The fourth terminal is connected to one terminal of the first filter circuit, and the fifth terminal serves as the output terminal of the second reverse connection protection circuit.

[0034] The second reverse connection protection circuit is adapted to open the fourth terminal and the fifth terminal when the voltage value at the fourth terminal is less than the voltage value at the fifth terminal.

[0035] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the second reverse connection protection circuit includes a second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and a third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0036] The drain of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) serves as the fourth terminal, the source of the second MOSFET is connected to the source of the third MOSFET, and the drain of the third MOSFET serves as the fifth terminal.

[0037] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes an overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit. The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a gate control terminal. The input terminal is connected to the fourth terminal, the output terminal is connected to the fifth terminal, and the gate control terminal is connected to the gate of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and the gate of the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor.

[0038] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is adapted to control the voltage value output by the gate control terminal according to the relationship between the voltage value of the fourth terminal and the voltage value of the fifth terminal, so that the second metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor and / or the third metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor are turned on or off.

[0039] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is an ideal diode control chip.

[0040] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the surge protection circuit further includes a voltage detection circuit. The input terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit, and the voltage detection circuit is used to detect the voltage value at the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit.

[0041] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the voltage detection circuit includes a voltage detection unit and a voltage divider circuit. One end of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit, and the other end of the voltage divider circuit is connected to a third ground terminal. The input terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit.

[0042] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the voltage detection unit includes a first microcontroller circuit, the first microcontroller circuit includes an analog signal acquisition module, and the analog signal acquisition module is connected to the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit through the input terminal of the first microcontroller circuit, or...

[0043] The voltage detection unit includes an analog signal acquisition circuit and a second microcontroller circuit. The input terminal of the analog signal acquisition circuit is connected to the voltage dividing point of the voltage divider circuit, and the output terminal of the analog signal acquisition circuit is connected to the input terminal of the second microcontroller circuit.

[0044] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the voltage divider circuit includes at least two voltage divider resistors, wherein the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit is formed between the two voltage divider resistors.

[0045] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the voltage detection circuit is configured to output an alarm signal when the voltage value at the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is less than a second voltage threshold.

[0046] One controller of this utility model includes the surge protection circuit described in any of the above-mentioned optional technical solutions.

[0047] In the aforementioned controller, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal. When a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance of subsequent circuits.

[0048] In one optional technical solution of this utility model, the controller is a domain controller.

[0049] The battery management system of this utility model includes the surge protection circuit described in any of the above optional technical solutions, or the controller described in any of the above optional technical solutions.

[0050] In the aforementioned battery management system, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal. When a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance of subsequent circuits.

[0051] The present invention provides a power distribution device comprising the surge protection circuit described in any of the above optional technical solutions, or the controller described in any of the above optional technical solutions, or the battery management system described in the above optional technical solutions.

[0052] When the aforementioned power distribution equipment is subjected to a positive surge and the first transient voltage suppression diode is broken down, the second transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal. When it is subjected to a negative surge and the second transient voltage suppression diode is broken down, the first transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance of subsequent circuits.

[0053] A vehicle according to this utility model includes the surge protection circuit described in any of the above optional technical solutions, or the controller described in any of the above optional technical solutions, or the battery management system described in the above optional technical solutions, or the power distribution equipment described in the above optional technical solutions.

[0054] In the aforementioned vehicle, when subjected to a positive surge and the first transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal. When subjected to a negative surge and the second transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance of subsequent circuits.

[0055] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0056] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0057] Figure 1 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first capacitor matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0063] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of a surge protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the controller and vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0067] Surge protection circuit 100; positive terminal 101, negative terminal 102, first ground terminal 103, circuit output terminal 104, second ground terminal 105, third ground terminal 106;

[0068] Surge drive circuit 110, first transient voltage suppression diode 111, second transient voltage suppression diode 112;

[0069] First filter circuit 120, first capacitor matrix circuit 121, first capacitor branch 122, first capacitor 123, inductor 124, second capacitor matrix circuit 125, second capacitor branch 126, second capacitor 127;

[0070] Second filter circuit 130, third capacitor 131, first resistor 132, second resistor 133;

[0071] The circuit includes a first reverse connection protection circuit 140, a first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141, a first body diode 142, a first terminal 143, a second terminal 144, and a third terminal 145.

[0072] Overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150;

[0073] Second reverse connection protection circuit 160, second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162, third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163, fourth terminal 164, fifth terminal 165, input terminal 166, output terminal 167, gate control terminal 168;

[0074] Voltage detection circuit 170, voltage detection unit 171, first microcontroller circuit 1711, analog signal acquisition module 1712, analog signal acquisition circuit 1713, second microcontroller circuit 1714, voltage divider circuit 172, first voltage divider resistor 173, second voltage divider resistor 174;

[0075] Post-stage unit 190;

[0076] Controller 200, vehicle 300. Detailed Implementation

[0077] In the description of this utility model, some of the disclosed content has been shown accordingly in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is exemplary and is only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0078] In the description of this utility model, many different contents or examples are disclosed to implement different structures of this utility model. In order to simplify the disclosure of this utility model, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0079] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0080] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms used to indicate orientation or positional relationship (such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc.) are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and understanding the corresponding embodiments, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to indicate orientation or positional relationship should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0081] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0082] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 1 The surge protection circuit 100 of this utility model may include a first transient voltage suppression diode 111 and a second transient voltage suppression diode 112. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 is connected to the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112. The cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 is connected to the positive terminal 101 of the power supply. The cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 is connected to the negative terminal 102 of the power supply and the first ground terminal 103. Thus, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 constitute the surge drive circuit 110 of the surge protection circuit 100.

[0084] In the surge protection circuit 100 described above, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal 103. When a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance capability of subsequent circuits.

[0085] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3In some cases, the surge protection circuit 100 is configured such that when the forward surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 breaks down and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 turns on, so that the forward surge voltage can be discharged to the first ground terminal 103.

[0086] In this way, it is possible to resist forward surges.

[0087] Specifically, please combine Figure 1 When the surge voltage is a forward surge, i.e., a large voltage is input to the positive terminal 101, the surge energy is transferred to the first transient voltage suppression diode 111. When the surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111, it breaks down and conducts. The voltage value of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 after conduction is greater than the forward conduction voltage value of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112, causing the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 to conduct in the forward direction, and the surge energy is discharged through the ground terminal. At this time, the port voltage value of the positive terminal 101 will be equal to the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111, meaning that the positive terminal 101 will not be subjected to a large voltage, thus protecting the positive terminal 101.

[0088] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some cases, surge protection circuit 100 includes a downstream unit 190. Positive terminal 101 is connected to downstream unit 190.

[0089] The surge protection circuit 100 is configured such that, when the negative surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112, the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 is broken down, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 is turned on, and the subsequent unit 190 is opened.

[0090] In this way, it is possible to resist reverse surges.

[0091] Specifically, please combine Figure 1When the surge voltage is negative, meaning a large voltage is input to the negative terminal 102, the surge energy is transferred to the second transient voltage suppression diode 112. When the surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112, it breaks down and conducts. The voltage value of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 after conduction is greater than the forward conduction voltage value of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111, causing the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 to conduct. At this time, the connection between the subsequent unit 190 and the positive terminal 101 is cut off, making the subsequent unit 190 an open circuit, preventing the surge energy from being transferred to it. At this point, the port voltage of the subsequent unit 190 is equal to the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112, meaning the subsequent unit 190 is not subjected to a large voltage, thus protecting it.

[0092] Additionally, in some cases, the downstream unit 190 may include most of the sub-circuits of the surge protection circuit 100 that are subsequently connected to the positive terminal 101, which enables these sub-circuits connected to the surge protection circuit 100 to be surge protected.

[0093] In addition, in some application scenarios, when the components in the subsequent unit 190 include chips, the surge drive circuit 110 can process the surge voltage, so that the surge voltage is discharged from the ground terminal, or disconnect the transmission path of the surge voltage to the chip in the subsequent unit 190, thereby protecting the ground pin of the chip.

[0094] The resistance level of the selected conduction diode can be in the milliohm range, meaning the resistance of the selected conduction diode is only a few milliohms. This can reduce the forward voltage drop of the selected conduction diode, and work with the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 to quickly enter the cutoff state to disconnect the connection between the surge drive circuit 110 and the subsequent unit 190.

[0095] In some cases, the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppressor diode 112 is less than the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppressor diode 111.

[0096] This ensures that the circuit has the same resistance to both forward and reverse surges.

[0097] Specifically, the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppressor diode 112 is less than the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppressor diode 111. This makes the second transient voltage suppressor diode 112 easier to break down than the first transient voltage suppressor diode 111. In other words, the surge voltage that breaks down the second transient voltage suppressor diode 112 is smaller than the surge voltage that breaks down the first transient voltage suppressor diode 111. The surge energy formed when it breaks down is less likely to accumulate in large quantities, which facilitates the absorption of reverse surge voltage energy by the surge protection circuit 100.

[0098] Additionally, in some cases, the first transient voltage suppressor diode 111 can be of type S-SMDJ26A, and the second transient voltage suppressor diode 112 can be of type S-SMDJ14A.

[0099] In some cases, the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppressor diode is in the range of 26 volts to 28 volts, and / or the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppressor diode is in the range of 13 volts to 15 volts.

[0100] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some cases, the surge protection circuit 100 may include a first filter circuit 120. One end of the first filter circuit 120 is connected to the cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode 111, and the other end of the first filter circuit 120 is connected to the cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode 112.

[0101] In this way, the operating voltage can be filtered.

[0102] Specifically, during normal operation, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 do not operate, and the first filter circuit 120 can function as a normal filter circuit to filter the operating voltage.

[0103] In some cases, the first filter circuit 120 is configured to absorb the energy of the surge voltage when the surge protection circuit 100 generates a surge voltage.

[0104] In this way, the incoming surge voltage can be absorbed.

[0105] Specifically, when a surge occurs, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 can guide the flow of surge energy, and the energy will enter the first filter circuit 120, so that the first filter circuit 120 absorbs this part of the surge energy.

[0106] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3In some cases, the first filter circuit 120 may include a first capacitor matrix circuit 121. One end of the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 is connected to the positive terminal 101, and the other end of the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 is connected to the negative terminal 102.

[0107] This can further improve filtering and surge absorption capabilities.

[0108] It is understandable that by setting the first filter circuit 120 in the form of a capacitor matrix, multiple capacitors can be used to achieve the effect of filtering the working voltage and absorbing the energy of surge voltage.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some cases, the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 includes at least two first capacitor branches 122 connected in parallel. Each first capacitor branch 122 includes at least one first capacitor 123.

[0110] In this way, the incoming surge voltage can be absorbed.

[0111] Specifically, in Figure 1 In this configuration, each first capacitor branch 122 is equipped with two first capacitors 123 connected in series. The five first capacitor branches 122 are connected in parallel. The first capacitors 123 can be ceramic capacitors. The withstand voltage of the first capacitors 123 can be 50V.

[0112] exist Figures 1 to 3 In the surge protection circuit 100, when a surge voltage is introduced, the surge drive circuit 110 can protect the subsequent unit 190, while the filter circuit can absorb the residual energy of the surge voltage in the circuit, thus dissipating the surge energy. During normal operation, the filter circuit can filter the voltage at the input terminal.

[0113] Furthermore, in the first capacitor matrix circuit 121, the model numbers of all the first capacitors 123 can be completely identical, partially identical, partially different, or completely different. All the first capacitors 123 on the same first capacitor branch 122 can be completely identical in model number, while the first capacitors 123 on different first capacitor branches 122 can be completely different in model number.

[0114] In some cases, please combine Figure 4 ,exist Figure 4In the circuit, the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 includes ten first capacitors 123. These ten first capacitors 123 can be represented as C4595, C4597, C4596, C4598, C19, C21, C7, C27, C9, and C11, respectively. Specifically, C4595 and C4597 are connected in series in one first capacitor branch 122, C4596 and C4598 are connected in series in one first capacitor branch 122, C19 and C21 are connected in series in one first capacitor branch 122, C7 and C27 are connected in series in one first capacitor branch 122, and C9 and C11 are connected in series in one first capacitor branch 122. The capacitance of C4595 and C4597 is 22uF, the voltage rating is 25V, and the model number is X7S SC1210. Both C4596 and C4598 have a capacitance of 10uF, a voltage rating of 50V, and are model X7RSC1206. Both C19 and C21 have a capacitance of 1uF, a voltage rating of 50V, and are model X7R SC0805. Both C7 and C27 have a capacitance of 100nF, a voltage rating of 50V, and are model X7S SC0603. Both C9 and C11 have a capacitance of 1nF, a voltage rating of 50V, and are model X7R SC0402.

[0115] It is understood that, based on the above, the number of first capacitor branches 122 in the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 can be adjusted to the corresponding number, the number of first capacitors 123 in the first capacitor branch 122 can be adjusted to the corresponding number, or any number of first capacitors 123 can be adjusted to the corresponding capacitance value, depending on the frequency of the noise or surge voltage to be filtered or absorbed.

[0116] In addition, the configuration of the capacitor matrix can solve the problems of single capacitor failure and leakage caused by PCB warping, as well as the problem of subsequent chips being prone to failure due to negative surges.

[0117] Please refer to Figure 6 In some cases, the first filter circuit 120 may include an inductor 124 and a second capacitor matrix circuit 125.

[0118] One end of inductor 124 is connected to one end of the first capacitor matrix circuit 121, and the other end of inductor 124 is connected to one end of the second capacitor matrix circuit 125. The other end of the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 is connected to the negative terminal 102.

[0119] This can further improve filtering and surge absorption capabilities.

[0120] Specifically, the first capacitor matrix circuit 121, the inductor 124, and the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 can form a π-type circuit. The first capacitor matrix circuit 121 and the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 can absorb high-frequency voltages, and the inductor 124 can absorb low-frequency voltages, so that high-frequency and low-frequency interferences in the working voltage can be filtered out, and when subjected to surge impacts, the high-frequency and low-frequency voltages in the surge will also be absorbed.

[0121] Please refer to Figure 6 In some cases, the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 includes at least two second capacitor branches 126 connected in parallel. Each second capacitor branch 126 includes at least one second capacitor 127.

[0122] In this way, the filtering effect can be achieved under normal working conditions.

[0123] Specifically, the specific structure of the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 can be referred to the aforementioned description of the first capacitor matrix circuit 121, and will not be elaborated here.

[0124] Furthermore, in some cases, the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 includes at least two first capacitor branches 122 connected in parallel, and the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 includes at least two second capacitor branches 126 connected in parallel. Each first capacitor branch 122 includes at least one first capacitor 123, and each second capacitor branch 126 includes at least one second capacitor 127.

[0125] In some cases, the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 and the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 can be completely identical capacitor matrix structures. Specifically, the number of first capacitor branches 122 in the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 can be the same as the number of second capacitor branches 126 in the second capacitor matrix circuit 125. The model and specifications of the first capacitor 123 used in the first capacitor branch 122 of the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 can be the same as the model and specifications of the second capacitor 127 used in the second capacitor branch 126 of the second capacitor matrix circuit 125.

[0126] In some cases, the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 and the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 may be different capacitor matrix structures. Specifically, the number and / or model specifications of the capacitor branches of the first capacitor matrix circuit 121 and the second capacitor matrix circuit 125 may be different.

[0127] Alternatively, the model number of inductor 124 can be SL-17D3X17X, with an inductance value of 1.5uH and a saturation current of 40A.

[0128] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3In some cases, surge protection circuit 100 may include a first reverse connection protection circuit 140. The first reverse connection protection circuit 140 has a first terminal 143, a second terminal 144, and a third terminal 145. The first terminal 143 of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 is connected to one end of the positive terminal 101 of the first filter circuit 120, the second terminal 144 is connected to the other end of the negative terminal 102 of the first filter circuit 120, and the third terminal 145 serves as the output terminal of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140.

[0129] The first reverse connection protection circuit 140 is adapted to open the first terminal 143 and the third terminal 145 when the voltage value of the first terminal 143 is less than the voltage value of the second terminal 144.

[0130] In this way, the reverse connection protection function of the subsequent circuit can be achieved.

[0131] It is understandable that when the voltage value of the first terminal 143 is less than the voltage value of the second terminal 144, that is, the first terminal 143, which should have been connected to the positive voltage, is reversed. At this time, the first terminal 143 and the third terminal 145 are disconnected by the first anti-reverse connection circuit 140 to prevent the subsequent circuit from being impacted by the reverse current.

[0132] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 In some cases, surge protection circuit 100 may include a second filter circuit 130. The second filter circuit 130 may include a third capacitor 131, a first resistor 132, and a second resistor 133.

[0133] One end of the third capacitor 131 is connected to the third terminal 145, and the other end of the third capacitor 131 is connected to the second ground terminal 105.

[0134] One end of the first resistor 132 is connected to the third terminal 145, and the other end of the first resistor 132 is connected to the second terminal 144.

[0135] One end of the second resistor 133 is connected to the second terminal 144, and the other end of the second resistor 133 is connected to the other end of the negative terminal 102 of the first filter circuit 120.

[0136] In this way, the filtering effect can be achieved under normal working conditions.

[0137] Specifically, in Figure 3 In this circuit, the third capacitor 131 filters the voltage output from the third terminal 145. The first resistor 132 suppresses the current between the third terminal 145 and the second terminal 144, preventing the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 from being overloaded. The second resistor 133 creates a quiescent current from the second terminal 144 to the negative terminal 102, which helps maintain the voltage at the second terminal 144.

[0138] In addition, Figure 2In this circuit, the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 is connected between the first filter circuit 120 and the second filter circuit 130, such that the first filter circuit 120 acts as the upstream circuit of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140, and the second filter circuit 130 acts as the downstream circuit of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140. The first filter circuit 120 can absorb surge energy. The second filter circuit 130 can filter the operating voltage during normal operation and can also work with the first filter circuit 120 to improve the filtering effect.

[0139] Please refer to Figure 3 In some cases, the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 includes a first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141. The drain of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 is connected to the first terminal 143, the gate of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 is connected to the second terminal 144, and the source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 is connected to the third terminal 145.

[0140] In this way, reverse connection protection can be achieved.

[0141] Specifically, please combine Figure 5 ,exist Figure 5 In this circuit, the drain of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 can be represented as D, the gate of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 can be represented as G, and the source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 can be represented as S. A first body diode 142 can be formed between the drain and source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141. The anode of the first body diode 142 is connected to the drain of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141, and the cathode of the first body diode 142 is connected to the source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141. The source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 can serve as the output terminal of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140, and the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 can be connected to the downstream circuit of the subsequent unit 190 through its own output terminal.

[0142] During normal operation, the first body diode 142 is forward biased and conducts for a very short time. Afterward, the gate voltage of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 is pulled below its source to the gate-source turn-on voltage Vgs(th), putting the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 in a conducting state, allowing the output of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 to output. When polarity reversal occurs (voltage polarity at the ports is reversed), the gate-source voltage of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 becomes a positive voltage, putting it in a turn-off state, preventing the output of the first reverse connection protection circuit 140 from outputting. Based on the above, by utilizing the switching characteristics of the MOSFET, the downstream circuit can be protected from the effects of negative voltage when a reverse power connection occurs, thus achieving the effect of reverse power connection protection.

[0143] In addition, compared with the power loss problems caused by large on-state voltage drop and large current when Schottky diodes are used as anti-reverse connection circuits in related technologies, as well as the problem of adding an additional thermal management system for heat dissipation, this utility model can effectively reduce the problems of large power consumption and the need to set up corresponding heat dissipation structures in anti-reverse connection circuits in related technologies by setting a first anti-reverse connection circuit 140, and can also reduce circuit voltage drop, which is conducive to improving power supply utilization efficiency.

[0144] In some cases, the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 141 may be of model number TBL014N04T-5DL8.

[0145] Please refer to Figure 3 In some cases, surge protection circuit 100 may include overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. The power supply terminal of overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 is connected to the third terminal 145, and the output terminal of overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 serves as the output terminal of surge protection circuit 100.

[0146] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 is adapted to disconnect the connection between the power supply terminal and the output terminal when the voltage value at the power supply terminal is greater than a first voltage threshold and / or the current value at the power supply terminal is greater than a first current threshold.

[0147] In this way, overcurrent and overvoltage protection can be achieved.

[0148] Specifically, in Figure 3 In the diagram, the power supply terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can be represented as A1, and the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can be represented as A3.

[0149] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can detect the current flowing through terminals A1 and A3. When the detected current flowing through terminals A1 and A3 is greater than the first current threshold, that is, an overcurrent has occurred in the circuit, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can open A1 and A3 to achieve overcurrent protection.

[0150] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can also detect the voltage at terminals A1 and A3. When the voltage at terminals A1 and A3 is detected to be greater than a first voltage threshold, i.e., an overvoltage has occurred in the circuit, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can open A1 and A3 to achieve overvoltage protection.

[0151] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is an overcurrent and overvoltage protection chip.

[0152] Specifically, in Figure 3 In this circuit, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can be represented as U1. The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can have multiple chip interfaces, including A1 and A3. Chip interface A1 can be the Vcc terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. Chip interface A3 can be the OUT terminal (i.e., the output terminal) of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150.

[0153] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some cases, the surge protection circuit 100 may include a second reverse connection protection circuit 160. The second reverse connection protection circuit 160 has a fourth terminal 164 and a fifth terminal 165. The fourth terminal 164 is connected to one end of the positive terminal 101 of the first filter circuit 120. The fifth terminal 165 serves as the output terminal of the second reverse connection protection circuit 160.

[0154] The second reverse connection protection circuit 160 is adapted to open the circuit between the fourth terminal 164 and the fifth terminal 165 when the voltage value of the fourth terminal 164 is less than the voltage value of the fifth terminal 165.

[0155] In this way, the circuit can achieve reverse connection protection.

[0156] Specifically, in Figure 6 In the surge protection circuit 100, when the output is provided by the second reverse connection protection circuit 160, the voltage values ​​at the fourth terminal 164 and the fifth terminal 165 are detected. When the voltage value at the fourth terminal 164 is less than the voltage value at the fifth terminal 165, a reverse connection has occurred, and the second reverse connection protection circuit 160 disconnects the fourth terminal 164 and the fifth terminal 165, thus achieving the reverse connection protection function.

[0157] Please refer to Figure 6 In some cases, the second reverse connection protection circuit 160 includes a second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 and a third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163.

[0158] The drain of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 is used as the fourth terminal 164, the source of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 is connected to the source of the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163, and the drain of the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163 is used as the fifth terminal 165.

[0159] In this way, the specific circuit structure of the second reverse connection protection circuit can be realized.

[0160] Specifically, in Figure 6 In the surge protection circuit 100, when a normal operating voltage is applied, the voltage at the drain of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 will be greater than the voltage at the gate of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162, causing the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 to conduct. The third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163 will then conduct through the body diode formed inside, so that the output terminal of the surge protection circuit 100 will output the operating voltage.

[0161] When a reverse connection occurs, both the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 and the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163 are turned off. The second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 is not conducting, and the body diode inside the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163 blocks the reverse current, preventing the reverse current from reaching the positive terminal 101, thus achieving the function of preventing reverse connection.

[0162] Please refer to Figure 7 In some cases, surge protection circuit 100 may include overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. Overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 has an input terminal 166, an output terminal 167, and a gate control terminal 168. Input terminal 166 is connected to a fourth terminal 164, output terminal 167 is connected to a fifth terminal 165, and gate control terminal 168 is connected to the gate of a second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 and the gate of a third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163.

[0163] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 is adapted to control the voltage value output by the gate control terminal 168 according to the relationship between the voltage value of the fourth terminal 164 and the voltage value of the fifth terminal 165, thereby turning on or off the second metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 and / or the third metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor 163.

[0164] In this way, it can be combined with the reverse connection protection function to achieve overcurrent and overvoltage protection.

[0165] Specifically, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 has important characteristics such as low quiescent current, ultra-low shutdown current, regulated forward voltage, and fast reverse current response, enabling it to simulate an ideal diode. Correspondingly, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can also provide overcurrent protection.

[0166] Based on the above, the second MOSFET 162 and the third MOSFET 163 are in the conducting state during forward conduction, which significantly reduces the forward voltage drop and power dissipation. When the third MOSFET 163 is turned off, the body diode formed inside it can block the reverse current. The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 can detect the relationship between the voltage values ​​at the fourth terminal 164 and the fifth terminal 165, thereby determining the reverse current through the third MOSFET 163. When the reverse current is greater than or equal to the corresponding reverse current threshold, it can turn off the second MOSFET 162 and the third MOSFET 163, thereby allowing the body diodes inside the second MOSFET 162 and the third MOSFET 163 to block the reverse current. The entire second reverse connection protection circuit 160 is in an open circuit state with respect to the power supply terminal.

[0167] In some cases, the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 162 and the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor 163 can be configured as an integrated electronic component, which may be model BSL606SN.

[0168] The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is an ideal diode control chip.

[0169] Specifically, in some cases, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 may be model MAX16141.

[0170] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some cases, surge protection circuit 100 may include voltage detection circuit 170. The input of voltage detection circuit 170 is connected to the output of overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. Voltage detection circuit 170 can be used to detect the voltage value at the output of overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150.

[0171] In this way, the early warning information can be promptly communicated to relevant personnel.

[0172] Specifically, in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7In the surge protection circuit 100, there is a circuit output terminal 104, which can be used as the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. When the surge protection circuit 100 outputs through the circuit output terminal 104, the output voltage is also transmitted to the voltage detection circuit 170, which enables the voltage detection circuit 170 to detect the output voltage of the surge protection circuit 100.

[0173] In addition, the portion of the surge protection circuit 100 from the circuit output terminal 104 to the surge drive circuit 110 can all be included in the subsequent unit 190.

[0174] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 In some cases, the voltage detection circuit 170 may include a voltage detection unit 171 and a voltage divider circuit 172. One end of the voltage divider circuit 172 is connected to the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150, and the other end of the voltage divider circuit 172 is connected to the third ground terminal 106. The input terminal of the voltage detection unit 171 is connected to the voltage division point of the voltage divider circuit 172.

[0175] In this way, the output voltage of the surge protection circuit 100 can be too high, which could damage the internal circuit of the voltage detection circuit 170.

[0176] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 In some cases, the voltage detection unit 171 includes a first microcontroller circuit 1711, which includes an analog signal acquisition module 1712. The analog signal acquisition module 1712 is connected to the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit 172 through the input terminal of the first microcontroller circuit 1711.

[0177] Please refer to Figure 9 In some cases, the voltage detection unit 171 includes an analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 and a second microcontroller circuit 1714. The input terminal of the analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 is connected to the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit 172, and the output terminal of the analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 is connected to the input terminal of the second microcontroller circuit 1714.

[0178] In this way, the effect of partial pressure detection can be achieved.

[0179] Specifically, the first microcontroller circuit 1711 can analyze the output voltage through its internal program and then execute the corresponding protection action. This allows the first microcontroller circuit 1711 to work with the analog signal acquisition module 1712 and the corresponding software program to detect and determine the voltage value at the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. When the voltage value is less than the voltage threshold, the voltage detection circuit 170 can issue a warning message through the first microcontroller circuit 1711, so that the user is aware that the surge protection circuit 100 has a low output.

[0180] Furthermore, the second microcontroller circuit 1714 can analyze the output voltage through its internal program and then execute the corresponding protection action. This allows the second microcontroller circuit 1714 to work with the analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 and the corresponding software program to detect and determine the voltage value at the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150. When the voltage value is less than the voltage threshold, the voltage detection circuit 170 can issue a warning message through the second microcontroller circuit 1714, informing the user that the surge protection circuit 100 has a low output.

[0181] The first microcontroller circuit 1711 and the second microcontroller circuit 1714 may include an MCU (Microcontroller Unit). The analog signal acquisition module 1712 and the analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 may include an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter).

[0182] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 In some cases, the voltage divider circuit 172 includes at least two voltage divider resistors. The voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit 172 is formed between the two voltage divider resistors.

[0183] In this way, the pressure-reducing effect can be easily achieved.

[0184] Specifically, in Figure 3 and Figure 6 In this circuit, at least two voltage divider resistors may include a first voltage divider resistor 173 and a second voltage divider resistor 174. The first voltage divider resistor 173 and the second voltage divider resistor 174 are connected in series. The voltage division point of the voltage divider circuit 172 is located on the line connected in series between the first voltage divider resistor 173 and the second voltage divider resistor 174. The voltage division point of the voltage divider circuit 172 can be represented as O1. The other end of the first voltage divider resistor 173 is connected to the circuit output terminal 104, and the other end of the second voltage divider resistor 174 is connected to the third ground terminal 106.

[0185] When the surge protection circuit 100 outputs voltage through the circuit output terminal 104, the output voltage is applied to the first voltage divider resistor 173, while the second voltage divider resistor 174 is grounded, resulting in a voltage drop within the voltage divider circuit 172. The voltage division point of the voltage divider circuit 172 forms a corresponding divided voltage based on the resistance values ​​of the first and second voltage divider resistors 173 and the output voltage value. The divided voltage at the voltage division point is transmitted to the voltage detection unit 171, enabling the voltage detection unit 171 to detect the voltage value at the circuit output terminal 104. The voltage detection unit 171 may include the ADC and MCU mentioned above.

[0186] Based on the above, after voltage division by high-precision resistors in voltage divider circuit 172, the output voltage is sent to the ADC detection circuit. Through the internal program of the MCU, in conjunction with the data acquired by the ADC, this algorithm processing method can achieve more advanced system functional safety.

[0187] The accuracy of the first voltage divider resistor 173 and the second voltage divider resistor 174 can be 1%. In some cases, the resistance of the first voltage divider resistor 173 can be 13 megohms, and the resistance of the second voltage divider resistor 174 can be 1 megohm.

[0188] In some cases, the voltage detection circuit 170 is configured to output an alarm signal when the voltage value at the output of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit 150 is less than a second voltage threshold.

[0189] In this way, users can be promptly alerted to troubleshoot and perform maintenance or replacement.

[0190] Specifically, the methods of disseminating warning information include, but are not limited to, specific prompts, voice broadcasts, light displays, and text content displayed on a screen. In some cases, the surge protection circuit 100 can be connected to a display screen. When the output of the surge protection circuit 100 is low, the voltage detection circuit 170 can issue a warning message through the microcontroller circuit, causing the display screen to show a message similar to "Low battery, please charge". The microcontroller circuit model can be STC397XX-256F300S-BD.

[0191] In addition, Figure 3 and Figure 6In this circuit, the analog signal acquisition module 1712 is built into the first microcontroller circuit 1711. In this case, the analog signal acquisition module 1712 can directly send the output voltage of the circuit output terminal 104 to the corresponding GPIO port of the first microcontroller circuit 1711. In some cases, the analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 is externally placed in the second microcontroller circuit 1714, and the analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 can transmit data with the second microcontroller circuit 1714 through the SPI interface. The analog signal acquisition circuit 1713 can be a 16-bit low-power, high-precision successive approximation ADC with a full-scale voltage of not less than 3.3V.

[0192] Please refer to Figure 8 The controller 200 of this utility model may include a surge protection circuit 100.

[0193] When the controller 200 is subjected to a positive surge and the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal 103. When it is subjected to a negative surge and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance of subsequent circuits.

[0194] Additionally, in some cases, please combine Figure 2 and Figure 7 The input port of the surge protection circuit 100 can be an automotive-grade connector for 12V voltage input. The output port of the surge protection circuit 100 can be used as the output port of the controller 200, enabling the controller 200 to supply power and control signals to the controlled vehicle 300 components.

[0195] In some cases, controller 200 is a domain controller.

[0196] In this way, surge protection can be achieved for the vehicle domain controller.

[0197] A battery management system according to this utility model may include a surge protection circuit 100 or a controller 200.

[0198] In the aforementioned battery management system, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal 103. When a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance capability of subsequent circuits.

[0199] Specifically, at least one of the surge protection circuit 100 and the controller 200 can be used for vehicle battery management. The surge protection circuit 100 can be connected in parallel to the vehicle's battery (not shown) via the positive terminal 101 and the negative terminal 102. This can resist surge voltage generated inside or outside the battery when the vehicle's battery outputs electrical energy through the surge protection circuit 100, thereby improving the surge voltage resistance capability of subsequent circuits.

[0200] One type of power distribution equipment according to this utility model may include a surge protection circuit 100, a controller 200, or a battery management system.

[0201] When the aforementioned power distribution equipment is subjected to a positive surge and the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal 103. When it is subjected to a negative surge and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 can be turned on as a normal diode, which is beneficial to improving the surge resistance capability of subsequent circuits.

[0202] Specifically, the power distribution equipment can be used to distribute power to the vehicle battery, which then supplies power to other electrical components within the vehicle. The surge protection circuit can then provide surge protection within the power distribution equipment.

[0203] The present invention relates to a vehicle 300, which may include a surge protection circuit 100, a controller 200, a battery management system, or a power distribution device.

[0204] In the aforementioned vehicle 300, when a positive surge occurs and the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 breaks down, the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 can be turned on as a normal diode, and the surge voltage is discharged from the first ground terminal 103. When a negative surge occurs and the second transient voltage suppression diode 112 breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode 111 can be turned on as a normal diode, which helps to improve the surge resistance capability of subsequent circuits.

[0205] Specifically, the vehicle can be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle that combines electric and gasoline power.

[0206] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A surge protection circuit, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit includes a first transient voltage suppression diode and a second transient voltage suppression diode. The anode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is connected to the anode of the second transient voltage suppression diode. The cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode is adapted to be connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode is adapted to be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the first ground terminal.

2. The surge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit is configured such that, when the forward surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppression diode, the first transient voltage suppression diode breaks down and the second transient voltage suppression diode is turned on, so that the forward surge voltage can be discharged to the first ground terminal.

3. The surge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit includes a downstream unit, and the positive terminal is connected to the downstream unit. The surge protection circuit is configured such that when the negative surge voltage exceeds the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppression diode, the second transient voltage suppression diode breaks down, the first transient voltage suppression diode is turned on, and the subsequent unit is opened.

4. The surge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppressor diode is less than the clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppressor diode.

5. The surge protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The clamping voltage of the first transient voltage suppressor diode is in the range of 26 volts to 28 volts, and / or the clamping voltage of the second transient voltage suppressor diode is in the range of 13 volts to 15 volts.

6. The surge protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit further includes a first filter circuit, one end of which is connected to the cathode of the first transient voltage suppression diode, and the other end of which is connected to the cathode of the second transient voltage suppression diode.

7. The surge protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first filter circuit is configured to absorb the energy of the surge voltage when the surge protection circuit generates a surge voltage.

8. The surge protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first filter circuit includes a first capacitor matrix circuit. One end of the first capacitor matrix circuit is connected to the positive terminal, and the other end of the first capacitor matrix circuit is connected to the negative terminal.

9. The surge protection circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first capacitor matrix circuit includes at least two first capacitor branches connected in parallel, and each first capacitor branch includes at least one first capacitor.

10. The surge protection circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first filter circuit also includes an inductor and a second capacitor matrix circuit. One end of the inductor is connected to one end of the first capacitor matrix circuit, and the other end of the inductor is connected to one end of the second capacitor matrix circuit. The other end of the second capacitor matrix circuit is connected to the negative terminal.

11. The surge protection circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first capacitor matrix circuit includes at least two first capacitor branches connected in parallel, each first capacitor branch including at least one first capacitor, and / or, The second capacitor matrix circuit includes at least two second capacitor branches connected in parallel, and each second capacitor branch includes at least one second capacitor.

12. The surge protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit further includes a first reverse connection protection circuit, which has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The first terminal of the first reverse connection protection circuit is connected to one terminal of the first filter circuit, the second terminal is connected to the other terminal of the first filter circuit, and the third terminal serves as the output terminal of the first reverse connection protection circuit. The first reverse connection protection circuit is adapted to open the first terminal and the third terminal when the voltage value at the first terminal is less than the voltage value at the second terminal.

13. The surge protection circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit further includes a second filter circuit, which comprises a third capacitor, a first resistor, and a second resistor. One end of the third capacitor is connected to the third terminal, and the other end of the third capacitor is connected to the second ground terminal. One end of the first resistor is connected to the third terminal, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the second terminal. One end of the second resistor is connected to the second terminal, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to the other terminal of the first filter circuit.

14. The surge protection circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, The first reverse connection protection circuit includes a first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The drain of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected to the first terminal, the gate of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected to the second terminal, and the source of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is connected to the third terminal.

15. The surge protection circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit also includes an overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit. The power supply terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the third terminal, and the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit serves as the output terminal of the surge protection circuit. The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is adapted to disconnect the connection between the power supply terminal and the output terminal when the voltage value at the power supply terminal is greater than a first voltage threshold and / or the current value at the power supply terminal is greater than a first current threshold.

16. The surge protection circuit according to claim 15, characterized in that, The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is an overcurrent and overvoltage protection chip.

17. The surge protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit also includes a second reverse connection protection circuit. The second reverse connection protection circuit has a fourth terminal and a fifth terminal. The fourth terminal is connected to one terminal of the first filter circuit, and the fifth terminal serves as the output terminal of the second reverse connection protection circuit. The second reverse connection protection circuit is adapted to open the fourth terminal and the fifth terminal when the voltage value at the fourth terminal is less than the voltage value at the fifth terminal.

18. The surge protection circuit according to claim 17, characterized in that, The second reverse connection protection circuit includes a second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and a third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The drain of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) serves as the fourth terminal, the source of the second MOSFET is connected to the source of the third MOSFET, and the drain of the third MOSFET serves as the fifth terminal.

19. The surge protection circuit according to claim 18, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit further includes an overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit, which has an input terminal, an output terminal, and a gate control terminal. The input terminal is connected to the fourth terminal, the output terminal is connected to the fifth terminal, and the gate control terminal is connected to the gate of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and the gate of the third metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is adapted to control the voltage value output by the gate control terminal according to the relationship between the voltage value of the fourth terminal and the voltage value of the fifth terminal, so that the second metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor and / or the third metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor are turned on or off.

20. The surge protection circuit according to claim 19, characterized in that, The overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is an ideal diode control chip.

21. The surge protection circuit according to claim 15, 16, 19 or 20, characterized in that, The surge protection circuit further includes a voltage detection circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit, and the voltage detection circuit is used to detect the voltage value at the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit.

22. The surge protection circuit according to claim 21, characterized in that, The voltage detection circuit includes a voltage detection unit and a voltage divider circuit. One end of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit, and the other end of the voltage divider circuit is connected to the third ground terminal. The input terminal of the voltage detection unit is connected to the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit.

23. The surge protection circuit according to claim 22, characterized in that, The voltage detection unit includes a first microcontroller circuit, which includes an analog signal acquisition module. The analog signal acquisition module is connected to the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit through the input terminal of the first microcontroller circuit, or... The voltage detection unit includes an analog signal acquisition circuit and a second microcontroller circuit. The input terminal of the analog signal acquisition circuit is connected to the voltage dividing point of the voltage divider circuit, and the output terminal of the analog signal acquisition circuit is connected to the input terminal of the second microcontroller circuit.

24. The surge protection circuit according to claim 22, characterized in that, The voltage divider circuit includes at least two voltage divider resistors, wherein the voltage divider point of the voltage divider circuit is formed between the two voltage divider resistors.

25. The surge protection circuit according to claim 21, characterized in that, The voltage detection circuit is configured to output an alarm signal when the voltage value at the output terminal of the overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit is less than a second voltage threshold.

26. A controller, characterized in that, Includes the surge protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 25.

27. The controller according to claim 26, characterized in that, The controller is a domain controller.

28. A battery management system, characterized in that, It includes the surge protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or the controller according to claim 26 or 27.

29. A power distribution device, characterized in that, It includes the surge protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or the controller according to claim 26 or 27, or the battery management system according to claim 28.

30. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the surge protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or the controller according to claim 26 or 27, or the battery management system according to claim 28, or the power distribution equipment according to claim 29.

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