Protective structure for tunnel rock plug blasting water-stone flow

Abstract

The utility model discloses a protection structure for tunnel rock plug blasting water-stone flow, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering. A protection structure for tunnel rock plug blasting water stone flow comprises a slag collecting pit formed in a tunnel and close to a rock plug area, a mounting frame is arranged on the side wall of the side, away from the rock plug area, of the slag collecting pit, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged in the mounting frame, and steel wires used in cooperation with the reinforcing ribs are arranged in the mounting frame; the slag collecting pit is formed in the position, close to the rock plug area, in the tunnel, and the mounting frame with the reinforcing ribs and the steel wire mesh is arranged, so that disintegrating slag in water-stone flow generated by blasting is effectively intercepted and collected. According to the design, the interception efficiency of the disintegrating slag is remarkably improved, the disintegrating slag is prevented from entering a downstream tunnel, so that equipment and a lining structure in the tunnel are protected against damage, the mounting frame is obliquely and downwards arranged, when the steel wire mesh intercepts the disintegrating slag, the disintegrating slag can naturally slide down along the inclined plane, and accumulation on the steel wire mesh is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, especially relates to a protection structure of tunnel rock plug blasting debris flow. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of tunnel rock plug blasting construction, the debris flow formed by the mixture of debris and water flow is a key problem to be solved, and the debris flow contains a large amount of rock fragments and silt, which can easily enter the downstream tunnel with the water flow and cause damage to the equipment in the tunnel, such as water turbine, and long-term accumulation can also cause wear and damage to the tunnel lining, seriously affecting the safe operation and service life of the tunnel.

[0003] At present, there are many methods for treating debris after rock plug blasting, such as debris collection, debris discharge and combination of debris collection and debris discharge. In the debris collection method, open-type debris collection blasting and blocked-type debris collection blasting are two common technical means. Although open-type debris collection blasting is simple to operate, it is difficult to effectively control the diffusion of debris, and although blocked-type debris collection blasting can prevent debris from entering the downstream tunnel to a certain extent, it is complex in design, difficult in construction and high in cost. In addition, although the debris discharge method can directly discharge debris into the downstream river with the water flow, it may cause impact and wear to the tunnel lining and other buildings, affecting the normal operation of the buildings.

[0004] In particular, in the rock plug blasting project with large rock plug size, thick upper riverbed overburden and large amount of sedimentary load, the traditional debris collection pit design is difficult to meet the actual needs. If all the overburden debris in the blasting crater range is tried to be stacked in the debris collection pit, not only the construction difficulty is large and the engineering investment is high, but also the scale of the debris collection pit is too large, which is not conducive to the economy and practicability of the project.

[0005] Therefore, in order to more effectively control the debris flow generated in the process of rock plug blasting, prevent debris from entering the downstream tunnel or other key areas, reduce the difficulty of debris cleaning, and at the same time consider the economy and practicability of the project, it is necessary to develop a new type of tunnel rock plug blasting debris flow protection structure; the structure should be able to adapt to different scale of rock plug blasting project, effectively intercept and collect the debris generated by blasting, and ensure the safe operation and long-term use of the tunnel. SUMMARY

[0006] The utility model discloses a tunnel rock plug blasting debris flow protection structure aiming at the problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a protection structure for tunnel rock plug blasting debris flow, which comprises a slag collecting pit arranged in the tunnel and close to the rock plug area, a mounting frame arranged on the side wall of the slag collecting pit away from the rock plug area, a plurality of reinforcing ribs arranged in the mounting frame, and steel wires arranged in the mounting frame and matched with the reinforcing ribs.

[0008] By adopting the above technical scheme, the protection structure can effectively intercept and collect the debris in the water and stone flow generated by blasting, prevent the debris from entering the downstream tunnel, protect the equipment and lining structure in the tunnel from damage, and ensure the safe operation of the tunnel.

[0009] Optionally, the side wall of the slag collecting pit close to the rock plug area and the side wall of the slag collecting pit away from the rock plug area are both in a slope shape, and the included angle between the side wall of the slag collecting pit close to the rock plug area and the ground is greater than the included angle between the side wall of the slag collecting pit away from the rock plug area and the ground.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the slope design of the two side walls of the slag collecting pit, especially the relatively gentle slope close to the rock plug area, helps to guide the water and stone flow to flow smoothly into the slag collecting pit, and the relatively steep design of the other side wall can avoid the water and stone from being washed out.

[0011] Optionally, the mounting frame is arranged in an inclined downward manner, and the included angle between the mounting frame and the bottom wall of the tunnel ranges from 5° to 10°.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme, the inclined downward arrangement of the mounting frame enables the debris to slide naturally along the inclined surface when the steel wires and the reinforcing ribs intercept the debris, reduces the accumulation of the debris on the steel wires, facilitates subsequent cleaning, and also helps to improve the interception efficiency and service life of the steel wire mesh.

[0013] Optionally, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the mounting frame, a pair of first perforations for the reinforcing ribs to pass through are arranged on the arc-shaped grooves, a pair of second perforations for the steel wires to pass through are arranged on the arc-shaped grooves, and the diameter of the first perforations is greater than the diameter of the second perforations.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, the arc-shaped grooves and the perforations facilitate the installation and fixation of the reinforcing ribs and the steel wires, and the design that the diameter of the first perforations is greater than the diameter of the second perforations ensures that the reinforcing ribs can pass through and be stably installed, and the steel wires can also be closely fitted to the mounting frame, thereby improving the stability and interception effect of the overall structure.

[0015] Optionally, a mounting groove is arranged at the mounting position of the mounting frame, and a chemical anchoring bolt connected with the slag collecting pit is arranged on the mounting groove.

[0016] By adopting the technical scheme, the installation groove and the chemical anchoring bolt are designed to ensure the stable connection between the installation frame and the slag collecting pit, can withstand the strong impact force generated by blasting, prevent the installation frame from loosening or falling off, and ensure the long-term effectiveness of the protective structure.

[0017] Optionally, the reinforcing bars are distributed in the installation frame in a longitudinal and transverse staggered manner, the diameter of the reinforcing bar is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the installation frame, the diameter of the reinforcing bar is greater than the diameter of the steel wire, the diameter of the reinforcing bar is 20-30mm, and the distance between adjacent reinforcing bars is 1.5-2.2m.

[0018] By adopting the technical scheme, the longitudinal and transverse staggered reinforcing bars enhance the overall strength and stability of the installation frame, and can withstand greater external force; the appropriate reinforcing bar diameter and spacing design ensures the stability of the structure, avoids material waste, and improves the economy.

[0019] Optionally, the steel wires are alternately arranged in the installation frame to form a steel wire mesh, the mesh of the steel wire mesh is arranged in a zoned and gradually changing manner, and the steel wire mesh is provided with a sparse area, a transition area and a dense area.

[0020] By adopting the technical scheme, the zoned and gradually changing arrangement of the steel wire mesh makes the steel wire mesh have different interception capabilities in different areas, the sparse area facilitates water flow, reduces water resistance; the transition area gradually enhances the interception capability; the dense area effectively intercepts the debris, prevents it from entering the downstream tunnel, and improves the flexibility and effectiveness of the protective structure.

[0021] Optionally, the first end and the last end of the reinforcing bar and the steel wire are locked by a steel wire clamp, and the intersection point of the reinforcing bar and the steel wire forms a rice-shaped cross-shaped buckle.

[0022] By adopting the technical scheme, the use of the steel wire clamp and the rice-shaped buckle ensures the stable connection between the reinforcing bar and the steel wire, prevents loosening or falling off caused by vibration or impact, and improves the overall stability and safety of the protective structure.

[0023] Optionally, the tunnel is provided with a plug for use with the steel wire mesh, and a gate well is vertically arranged between the plug and the installation frame.

[0024] By adopting the technical scheme, the plug and the gate well are arranged, the safety and stability of the tunnel in the rock plug blasting process are further enhanced, the plug can effectively prevent the damage to the inside of the tunnel caused by the debris and shock wave generated by blasting, and the gate well provides a channel for quickly closing the tunnel in an emergency, thereby protecting the safety of personnel and equipment, and in cooperation with the steel wire mesh, a complete protection system is formed, and the protection capability of the tunnel rock plug blasting debris flow is effectively improved.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

[0026] 1. The utility model discloses a debris collecting pit is set up near the rock plug area in the tunnel, and the mounting frame with the reinforcing rib and the steel wire mesh is arranged, so that the debris in the debris flow generated by blasting can be effectively intercepted and collected. This design significantly improves the interception efficiency of the debris, prevents the debris from entering the downstream tunnel, and thereby protects the equipment and lining structure in the tunnel from being damaged.

[0027] 2. The mounting frame is arranged in an inclined downward manner, so that when the steel wire mesh intercepts the debris, the debris can naturally slide down along the inclined surface, reducing the accumulation on the steel wire mesh. This design facilitates subsequent cleaning work, reduces the maintenance difficulty and cost, and simultaneously, the mesh of the steel wire mesh is arranged in a zoned and gradually changed manner and is provided with a sparse area, a transition area and a dense area. This design makes the steel wire mesh have different interception capabilities in different areas, facilitating the water flow to pass through and reducing the water resistance, and effectively intercepting the debris, thereby improving the flexibility and effectiveness of the protection structure.

[0028] 3. The mounting frame is stably connected with the debris collecting pit through the mounting groove and the chemical anchoring bolt, can withstand the strong impact force generated by blasting, prevents the mounting frame from loosening or falling off, and simultaneously, the reinforcing rib and the steel wire are stably connected through the steel wire clamp and the rice-shaped buckle, preventing loosening or falling off caused by vibration or impact, and improving the overall stability and safety of the protection structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a debris collecting pit arrangement structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a mounting frame and steel wire mesh structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a mounting frame and reinforcing rib connection structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a mounting frame and steel wire connection structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a steel wire clamp and reinforcing rib connection structure schematic view of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 It is the schematic view of the rice-shaped buckle, steel wire and reinforcing rib connecting structure of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 7 It is the schematic view of the installation frame and rock wall connecting structure of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 8 It is the schematic view of the S-P curve and blockiness prediction curve structure of the utility model.

[0037] In the figure: 1, slag collecting pit; 2, installation frame; 201, steel pipe; 202, arc-shaped groove; 203, first perforation; 204, second perforation; 205, installation groove; 206, chemical anchoring bolt; 3, reinforcing rib; 4, steel wire; 401, sparse area; 402, transition area; 403, dense area; 404, steel wire chuck; 405, rice-shaped buckle; 5, plug; 6, gate well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical scheme of the utility model will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0039] In the description of the utility model, it should be explained that the terms "intermediate", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0040] As Figure 1 The specific scheme of the embodiment is as follows: a tunnel rock plug blasting debris flow protection structure, comprising a slag collecting pit 1 arranged in the tunnel and close to the rock plug area, the side wall of the slag collecting pit 1 close to the rock plug area side and the side wall of the slag collecting pit 1 away from the rock plug area side are respectively in slope shape, the included angle between the side wall of the slag collecting pit 1 close to the rock plug area side and the ground is greater than the included angle between the side wall of the slag collecting pit 1 away from the rock plug area side and the ground.

[0041] The slag collecting pit 1 is used for collecting the water and stone flow generated by the rock plug blasting, avoiding the water and stone flow to spread randomly in the tunnel, causing damage to the tunnel structure and subsequent operation. The side wall near the rock plug region has a large angle with the ground, which is beneficial to the water and stone flow to slide into the slag collecting pit 1 quickly. The side wall far from the rock plug region has a small angle with the ground, which can slow down the flow speed of the water and stone flow in the slag collecting pit 1, and has a certain buffering effect, so that the water and stone flow gradually deposits in the slag collecting pit 1.

[0042] The side wall of the slag collecting pit 1 far from the rock plug region is provided with a mounting frame 2. The mounting frame 2 is arranged obliquely downward, and the included angle between the mounting frame 2 and the tunnel bottom wall is in the range of 5°-10°. The mounting frame 2 includes a plurality of steel pipes 201 connected in sequence. The steel pipe 201 is made of stainless steel, and the surface of the steel pipe 201 is subjected to paint corrosion prevention treatment. The cross-sectional radius of the steel pipe 201 is 40mm-60mm. The mounting position of the mounting frame 2 is provided with a mounting groove 205. The mounting groove 205 is provided with a chemical anchoring bolt 206 connected with the slag collecting pit 1.

[0043] The mounting frame 2 serves as the mounting basis of the reinforcing rib 3 and the steel wire 4, provides a support frame for the entire protection structure, enhances the overall stability of the structure, and is arranged obliquely downward with an included angle in the range of 5°-10° with the tunnel bottom wall. This angle setting helps to guide the water and stone flow to enter the slag collecting pit 1 smoothly, while reducing the direct impact force of the water and stone flow on the mounting frame 2. The mounting frame 2 is made of hollow steel pipes 201 of stainless steel material. The stainless steel material has good corrosion resistance. The hollow structure reduces the self-weight of the mounting frame 2, facilitating installation and transportation. The surface of the steel pipe 201 is subjected to paint corrosion prevention treatment, further improving the corrosion resistance and prolonging the service life. The mounting groove 205 is arranged at the mounting position of the mounting frame 2, and the mounting frame 2 is connected with the slag collecting pit 1 through the chemical anchoring bolt 206. This connection mode is firm and reliable, and can withstand a large impact force, ensuring that the mounting frame 2 will not be displaced or fall off when subjected to the impact of the water and stone flow.

[0044] A plurality of reinforcing ribs 3 are arranged in the mounting frame 2. The reinforcing rib 3 is made of 2205 duplex stainless steel, which has high strength and good corrosion resistance, and can be used for a long time in harsh environments. A plurality of reinforcing ribs 3 are arranged in the mounting frame 2 in a longitudinal and transverse interlaced manner. The longitudinal and transverse interlaced arrangement forms a stable grid structure, which can effectively disperse the impact force of the water and stone flow and improve the overall bearing capacity of the structure. The diameter of the reinforcing rib is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the mounting frame, and the diameter of the reinforcing rib is greater than the diameter of the steel wire. The diameter of the reinforcing rib 3 is 20mm-30mm, and the spacing between adjacent reinforcing ribs 3 is 1.5m-2.2m. The reinforcing rib 3 enhances the strength and rigidity of the mounting frame 2, improves the ability of the entire protection structure to resist the impact of the water and stone flow, and prevents the mounting frame 2 from deforming or being damaged under stress.

[0045] The mounting frame 2 is provided with steel wires 4 matched with the reinforcing ribs 3. The steel wires 4 are alternately arranged in the mounting frame 2 in a V-shaped manner to form a steel wire mesh. The steel wires 4 are made of 316 stainless steel which is corrosion-resistant and has high ductility. The steel wire mesh has high strength and toughness due to the material and weaving manner of the steel wires 3, and can withstand the impact and friction of water and stone flow, and is not easy to be corroded and damaged. The diameter of the steel wires is 5-10 mm. The mesh size of the steel wire mesh is arranged in a zoned and gradually changed manner. The steel wire mesh is provided with a sparse area 401, a transition area 402 and a dense area 403. The mesh size of the sparse area 401 is greater than D90%, which can quickly pass most of the water flow and reduce the impact force of the water flow on the steel wire mesh. The mesh size of the transition area 402 is approximately D50%, which plays a certain transition and buffering role. The mesh size of the dense area 403 is less than D15%, which can effectively intercept fine particles and impurities in the water and stone flow and improve the interception effect.

[0046] The mounting frame 2 is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 202. A pair of first perforations 203 for the reinforcing ribs 3 to pass through are formed in the arc-shaped grooves 202. A pair of second perforations 204 for the steel wires 4 to pass through are formed in the arc-shaped grooves 202. The diameter of the first perforations 203 is greater than that of the second perforations 204.

[0047] The arc-shaped grooves 202, the first perforations 203 and the second perforations 204 facilitate the installation and fixation of the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4, so that the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4 can be accurately positioned in the mounting frame 2, improving the overall structure and stability. The arc-shaped grooves 202 can better fit the shape of the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4, reducing stress concentration. The diameter of the first perforations 203 is greater than that of the second perforations 204, which are used for passing through the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4 respectively. This design allows the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4 to be independently installed without interfering with each other, and also facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4 in the later stage.

[0048] The first ends and the last ends of the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4 are locked by steel wire clamps 404 respectively. The rice-shaped cross points formed by the reinforcing ribs 3 and the steel wires 4 are locked by rice-shaped buckles 405.

[0049] The design of the wire clamp 404 and the star-shaped buckle 405 can lock the beginning, end and intersection of the reinforcing rib 3 and the wire 4 to prevent them from loosening or falling off when impacted by water and rock flow, thus ensuring the reliability and safety of the protective structure. The wire clamp 404 can firmly lock the beginning and end of the reinforcing rib 3 and the wire 4 to prevent them from sliding or falling off the mounting frame 2. The star-shaped buckle 405 can tightly connect the intersection of the wire and the reinforcing rib 3, improve the integrity and stability of the structure, and enable the reinforcing rib 3 and the wire 4 to work together better to resist the impact of water and rock flow.

[0050] The cross-shaped buckle 405 includes a base plate, an octagonal cover plate, a pair of L-shaped fixing plates and a pair of connecting plates symmetrically arranged on the octagonal cover plate, a fixing slot for the reinforcing rib 3 to pass through is formed between the L-shaped fixing plate, the connecting plate and the octagonal cover plate, and a through hole for the steel wire 4 to pass through is opened on the L-shaped fixing plate and the connecting plate respectively, and the L-shaped fixing plate is connected to the base plate by bolts.

[0051] The tunnel is equipped with a plug 5 that works in conjunction with a wire mesh 4. A gate well 6 is vertically arranged between the plug 5 and the mounting frame 2. The plug 5 is vertically arranged with the mounting frame 2, which can quickly close the tunnel when needed to effectively block water and rock flow. The gate well 6 facilitates the operation, inspection and maintenance of the plug 5 by the staff, ensuring that the plug 5 can function properly at critical moments.

[0052] Example 2: A slag collection pit 1 in a certain project is approximately 39m long, with a bottom elevation of 1637.0m and an excavated bottom width of 12m. The cross-section of slag collection pit 1 is arch-shaped, and the total volume of slag collection pit 1 is approximately 5920m³. The rock in the intake section of the rock plug is mainly composed of mica-quartz schist, with local granite veins or quartzite veins. The granite veins mostly intrude along the bedding planes in an eye-like shape, while the quartzite veins mostly fill the fissures and are thin and banded. Based on the statistical values ​​of the fissure spacing in the blasting area, S-P curves and block size prediction curves were plotted, such as... Figure 8 As shown;

[0053] Based on the rock type, construction scale, and slag block size prediction curve of the construction area, 316 stainless steel is selected for wire mesh 4, the wire diameter is determined to be 10mm, and wire mesh 4 is a rectangle with a length of 20m and a width of 12m.

[0054] The maximum diameter of the wire mesh 4 must meet the formula: Lmax>D90%. According to the slag gradation prediction curve, D90% = 83cm. Therefore, in this example, the maximum mesh size is 1m, the mesh shape is square, and the minimum mesh size is 25cm.

[0055] According to the rock type of the construction area, the construction scale and the blast slag lump distribution, the reinforcing rib 3 is selected from 2205 duplex stainless steel, the diameter of the reinforcing rib 3 is 30mm, and one reinforcing rib 3 is arranged on the steel mesh 4 every 1m;

[0056] According to the size, material and load condition of the steel mesh 4 in the construction process, one fixed point is arranged every 4m on the two sides of the slag collecting pit 1, and one fixed point is arranged every 1m on the downstream side of the slag collecting pit 1; in the construction process of the slag collecting pit 1, the steel mesh 4 is fixed on the downstream side of the slag collecting pit 1 through the chemical anchoring bolt 206.

[0057] After the slag collecting pit 1 is excavated, the steel is transported to the construction area to be installed on the design position on site, after the installation is completed and checked, the subsequent blasting construction is carried out.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A protective structure for a tunnel plug blasting debris flow, characterized in that, Including the slag collecting pit that is opened in the tunnel and is close to the rock plug area, the side wall of the slag collecting pit far from the rock plug area side is equipped with the mounting frame, the mounting frame is equipped with a plurality of reinforcing bars, the mounting frame is equipped with a plurality of steel wires matched with the reinforcing bars.

2. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche triggered by tunnel-blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the slag collecting pit close to the rock plug area side and the side wall far from the rock plug area side are respectively inclined, and the angle between the side wall close to the rock plug area side and the ground is greater than the angle between the side wall far from the rock plug area side and the ground.

3. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche triggered by tunnel-blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame is arranged in an inclined downward manner, and the angle between the mounting frame and the tunnel bottom wall is in the range of 5°-10°.

4. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche triggered by tunnel-blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the mounting frame, a pair of first perforations for the reinforcing bars to pass through are arranged on the arc-shaped grooves, and a pair of second perforations for the steel wires to pass through are arranged on the arc-shaped grooves.

5. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche triggered by tunnel-blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting frame is provided with a mounting groove, and a chemical anchoring bolt connected with the slag collecting pit is arranged on the mounting groove.

6. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche dam-bursts in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of reinforcing bars are distributed in the mounting frame in a longitudinal and transverse staggered manner, the diameter of the reinforcing bar is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the mounting frame, the diameter of the reinforcing bar is greater than the diameter of the steel wire, the diameter of the reinforcing bar is 20mm-30mm, and the distance between adjacent reinforcing bars is 1.5m-2.2m.

7. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche dam-bursts in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of steel wires are alternately woven into a steel wire mesh in the mounting frame, the mesh of the steel wire mesh is arranged in a zoned and gradually changed manner, and the steel wire mesh is provided with a sparse area, a transition area and a dense area.

8. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche dam-bursts in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end and the last end of the reinforcing bar and the steel wire are respectively locked by a steel wire clamp, and the rice-shaped intersection point formed by the reinforcing bar and the steel wire is locked by a rice-shaped buckle.

9. A structure for protecting against rock-avalanche dam-bursts in tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel is provided with a plug matched with the steel wire mesh, and a gate well is vertically arranged between the plug and the mounting frame.

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