Energy management circuit with active protection function
By designing an energy management circuit that includes rectification, current limiting, voltage limiting, DC-DC, and voltage regulation modules, the problem of disordered output power of electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy harvesters is solved, achieving stable management and efficient utilization of power, and adapting to the energy harvesting needs in complex environments.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy harvesters output disordered and unordered electrical energy, making it difficult to achieve stable management and efficient utilization. In particular, their energy harvesting efficiency is low in complex environments and is affected by electromagnetic damping forces and loads.
Design an energy management circuit including a rectifier module, a current limiting module, a voltage limiting module, a DC-DC module, an energy storage module, and a voltage regulation output module. Through the coordinated work of these modules, the circuit can perform rectification, current limiting, voltage limiting, voltage boosting, and voltage regulation of electrical energy, ensuring the stability and reliability of electrical energy.
It effectively prevents damage from overcurrent and overvoltage, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the energy harvester, ensures the stability and reliability of load operation, adapts to different load requirements, and enhances the overall performance of energy management.
Smart Images
Figure CN224053907U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power management circuit, in particular to an energy management circuit with active protection function. BACKGROUND
[0002] The output electric energy of electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy collectors has the characteristics of high voltage and low current. The disordered energy needs a complete management circuit for management. The output electric energy of the collector is associated with the real-time motion characteristics of the collector itself. The motion characteristics are not only affected by external excitation such as vibration, rotation, wind-induced effect, but also affected by the electromagnetic damping force caused by the internal load of the circuit. Therefore, under the premise that the external excitation is sufficient, the adjustable electromagnetic damping force becomes the required of the management circuit.
[0003] As an important part of energy harvesting technology, electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy collectors usually have the characteristics of high voltage and low current in their output electric energy. However, due to the complex and disordered energy sources obtained by these collectors during operation, such as random vibration, rotation or wind-induced effect of external environment, the characteristics of their output electric energy also have strong disorder. Therefore, in order to convert these disordered energy into usable stable electric energy, a perfect management circuit needs to be designed to realize efficient regulation and optimal distribution of energy. It is worth noting that the output electric energy of the collector is not only related to its design and material characteristics, but also directly affected by the real-time motion characteristics exhibited by the collector during operation. These motion characteristics depend not only on the strength and frequency of external excitation (such as vibration amplitude, rotation speed or wind speed variation), but also on the electromagnetic damping force caused by the internal load of the circuit. Electromagnetic damping force is a force generated by electromagnetic induction, which can adjust the vibration characteristics of the collector to some extent, thereby indirectly affecting the efficiency of energy harvesting. Therefore, under the condition that the strength of external excitation is sufficient, how to design adjustable electromagnetic damping force to optimize the efficiency of energy harvesting becomes one of the core elements in the design of management circuit. This not only requires the management circuit to dynamically adjust the damping force according to different load requirements, but also needs to balance the relationship between the motion stability of the collector itself and the efficiency of energy harvesting, in order to realize efficient utilization of energy and overall performance optimization of the system. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL
[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an energy management circuit with active protection function. Through the mutual cooperation and matching between the rectifier module, current limiting module, voltage limiting module, DC-DC module, energy storage module and voltage stabilizing output module, the application can significantly improve the application potential of electromagnetic and piezoelectric energy collectors in complex environments, and provide a more stable and reliable solution for the practical application of energy harvesting technology.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the application provides an energy management circuit with active protection function, which is connected between an energy collection module and an energy consumption module, and comprises, sequentially connected, a rectifying module, a current limiting module, a voltage limiting module, a DC-DC module and a voltage stabilizing output module; wherein the rectifying module receives electric energy fed by the energy collection module, and the electric energy is sequentially subjected to rectification, current limiting, voltage limiting, voltage boosting and voltage stabilizing, and then output to the energy consumption module for power supply.
[0006] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the rectifying module comprises, sequentially connected, a full-bridge circuit, which receives electric signals fed by the energy collection module and rectifies the electric signals; and a super capacitor, which is connected to a rectifying output end of the full-bridge circuit.
[0007] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the current limiting module comprises a current amplifier, an input end of which receives current fed by the rectifying module in real time, and an output end of which is connected to the voltage limiting module.
[0008] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the voltage limiting module comprises a voltage amplifier, an input end of which is connected to the output end of the current amplifier, and an output end of which is connected to a triode.
[0009] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the DC-DC module as a whole adopts a DC-DC chip SCCK9006, and an input end of the SCCK9006 is connected to the output end of the triode.
[0010] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the voltage stabilizing output module adopts an LDO circuit inside the SCCK9006 chip.
[0011] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the electric energy in the voltage stabilizing output module is adjusted to fixed voltage output by a linear voltage stabilizing mode.
[0012] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the energy management circuit further comprises an energy storage module, which is connected to the DC-DC module to store electric energy.
[0013] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function as any of the above described, wherein the energy storage module adopts a lithium battery or a super capacitor as an energy storage medium.
[0014] Optionally, the energy management circuit with active protection function according to any one of the above, wherein the energy management circuit is arranged on a circular PCB board with an outer diameter of 35 mm and an inner diameter of 11 mm, and the PCB board is provided with an external input interface connected to the rectifier module, an output interface connected to the energy consumption module, and a battery / super capacitor interface connected to the energy storage module.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:
[0016] The energy management circuit with active protection function provided by the application sequentially connects a rectifier module, a current limiting module, a voltage limiting module, a DC-DC module and a voltage stabilizing output module, wherein the current limiting module and the voltage limiting module together realize the active protection function of the circuit, which can effectively prevent damage to the circuit caused by overcurrent and overvoltage. The DC-DC module is used to stabilize the collected disordered and unordered electric energy and input the stabilized electric energy to the energy storage module in the form of a trickle current. The energy storage module is used to accumulate the weak electric energy and store it for use by the back-end load. Finally, the voltage stabilizing output module is used to directly output the stabilized electric energy to the back-end load, ensuring the reliability and stability of the load operation. The application can effectively adjust the electric energy generated by the electromagnetic or piezoelectric energy collector to an appropriate level, provide stable electric energy output for energy consumption modules such as single-chip microcomputers and sensors, meet the needs of different loads for electric energy, and improve energy utilization efficiency.
[0017] Other features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and constitute a part of the specification, and together with the embodiments of the application, serve to explain the application, and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
[0019] Figure 1 is a principle block diagram of the energy management circuit with active protection function according to the application;
[0020] Figure 2 is a rectification principle block diagram of the energy management circuit with active protection function according to the application
[0021] Figure 3 is a current limiting-voltage limiting module principle block diagram of the energy management circuit with active protection function according to the application
[0022] Figure 4 is a physical efficiency test result of the energy management circuit PCB provided by the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which it is understood that the preferred embodiments described below are merely intended to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.
[0024] The meaning of "and / or" described in the present application means that each single existence or both existences are included.
[0025] The meaning of "connection" described in the present application can be a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components through other components.
[0026] The management circuit application mode provided by the present application is shown as Figure 1 The energy collection can be an electromagnetic or piezoelectric energy collector; the energy management is the present application, including a rectifier module, a current limiting module, a voltage limiting module, a DC-DC module, an energy storage module and a voltage stabilizing output module; and the energy consumption includes a single-chip microcomputer, a sensor and other electrical appliances.
[0027] The rectifier module converts the alternating current energy output by the energy collector into direct current energy through a full-bridge circuit. The rectifier module includes Figure 2 as shown: ① a full-bridge circuit for rectification; and ② a high-energy-density super capacitor as a front-stage processing capacitor to realize effective voltage limiting and gathering of the high-voltage and low-current energy of the collector.
[0028] The current limiting module calculates the current value by collecting the voltage of the energy collector under a specific resistance in real time. When the current exceeds the set threshold, the excess part is released through a discharge mechanism. The setting of the threshold current can be realized by adjusting the resistance value, thereby flexibly adapting to different application scenarios. It includes Figure 3 as shown: a current sensing amplifier, which collects the real-time current of the collector at the input end and amplifies the electrical signal at the output end; the output end is compared with the input of the whole system, and a decision is made by a triode. The specific current reference parameter is adjusted by a shunt resistor.
[0029] The voltage limiting module adds a capacitor with appropriate capacity in the front stage of the circuit to boost the voltage. When the voltage reaches the set threshold, the excess energy is discharged through the rear-end DC-DC module, thereby forming a capacitor voltage rising-falling cycle. When the voltage is lower than the set threshold, the circuit re-accumulates energy. The voltage threshold can be precisely controlled by adjusting the peripheral resistor of the DC-DC chip. It includes Figure 3 as shown: a voltage sensing amplifier, which collects the real-time voltage of the collector at the input end and amplifies the electrical signal at the output end; the output end of the circuit is compared with the input of the whole system, and a decision is made by a triode. The specific voltage reference parameter is adjusted by a shunt resistor.
[0030] The DC-DC module utilizes the BUCK and BUCK-BOOST circuits in the SCCK9006 chip to step down the power in the front-end capacitor and step up or step down the power in the energy storage module, respectively. This flexible voltage regulation mechanism can meet the power demands of different loads and improve energy utilization efficiency.
[0031] The voltage regulation output module uses the DC-DC chip SCCK9006 and its internal LDO circuit.
[0032] Energy storage modules typically use lithium batteries or supercapacitors as the energy storage medium. For supercapacitors, it is recommended to select devices with a capacity of ≥1F to ensure sufficient energy storage capacity, thereby supporting stable power supply over long periods.
[0033] The voltage regulator module adjusts the electrical energy in the energy storage module to a fixed output voltage, such as 3.6V or 3.3V, through linear regulation. The output voltage can be flexibly adjusted by regulating the external circuitry of the chip to meet different load requirements and ensure the stability and reliability of the downstream load operation.
[0034] The physical example of the aforementioned energy management circuit with active protection function is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes a rectifier module, a current limiting module, a voltage limiting module, a DC-DC module, an energy storage module, and a regulated output module. Three external interfaces are provided for external input, battery / supercapacitor, and output, respectively. Two capacitors are pre-processing capacitors used for effective voltage limiting. The overall PCB dimensions are a ring with an outer diameter of 35mm and an inner diameter of 11mm.
[0035] For example Figure 2 The PCB circuit shown was tested, with the input simulated using a voltage source. With a 300Ω load at the circuit's output, an output voltage of 3.3V, and an input voltage approximately 5V, Figure 3 The circuit shows a current of 75mA and a load current of 95mA. Therefore, the circuit provided in this application has an efficiency of approximately 84%, indicating high overall efficiency.
[0036] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. An energy management circuit having a function of active protection, characterized by comprising: The energy management circuit is connected between the energy collection module and the energy consumption module, and comprises sequentially connected: a rectification module, a current limiting module, a voltage limiting module, a DC-DC module and a voltage stabilizing output module; The rectification module receives the electric energy fed by the energy collection module, and the electric energy is sequentially subjected to rectification, current limiting, voltage limiting, voltage boosting and voltage stabilizing to be output to the energy consumption module for power supply.
2. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectification module comprises sequentially connected: a full-bridge circuit which receives the electric signal fed by the energy collection module and rectifies the electric signal; a super capacitor which is connected to the rectification output end of the full-bridge circuit.
3. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 1, wherein, The current limiting module comprises: a current amplifier whose input end receives the current fed by the rectification module in real time and whose output end is connected to the voltage limiting module.
4. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The voltage limiting module comprises: a voltage amplifier whose input end is connected to the output end of the current amplifier and whose output end is connected to a triode.
5. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The DC-DC module as a whole adopts a DC-DC chip SCCK9006, and the input end of the DC-DC module is connected to the output end of the triode.
6. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 1, wherein, The voltage stabilizing output module adopts an LDO circuit inside the SCCK9006 chip.
7. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electric energy in the voltage stabilizing output module is adjusted to a fixed voltage output by a linear voltage stabilizing mode.
8. Energy management circuit with active protection function according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The energy management circuit further comprises an energy storage module which is connected to the DC-DC module to store electric energy.
9. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The energy storage module adopts a lithium battery or a super capacitor as an energy storage medium.
10. The energy management circuit with active protection function according to claim 8, wherein, The energy management circuit is arranged on a circular ring-shaped PCB board with an outer diameter of 35 mm and an inner diameter of 11 mm, and the PCB board is provided with an external input interface connected to the rectification module, an output interface connected to the energy consumption module and a battery / super capacitor interface connected to the energy storage module.