Special-shaped curved surface refractory brick and carbonization furnace

Abstract

The utility model discloses a special-shaped curved-surface refractory brick and a carbonization furnace, and relates to the technical field of preparation of refractory bricks in the carbonization furnace, the special-shaped curved-surface refractory brick comprises a refractory brick body, the refractory brick body is provided with a coke pushing surface for guiding coal to move out of the carbonization furnace, and the coke pushing surface is a partial structure of a brachistost curved surface; the starting point of the coke pushing surface coincides with the highest point of the brachistost curved surface, and the included angle between the tangential direction of the starting point of the coke pushing surface and the highest point of the brachistost curved surface and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees; the end point of the coke pushing surface is positioned above the lowest point of the brachistost descent curved surface, and the included angle between the tangential direction of the end point of the coke pushing surface and the horizontal direction is 20-40 degrees, so that the problem of slow speed reduction of coal at the bottom of the carbonization furnace is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of refractory brick preparation technology for the interior of carbonization furnaces, and in particular to an irregularly shaped curved refractory brick and a carbonization furnace. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of coal pyrolysis technology, refractory bricks are a commonly used lining material for carbonization furnaces. For example... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, commonly used refractory bricks have rectangular and trapezoidal sloping surface structures. After assembly, the upper inner lining surface of the carbonization furnace is vertical, while the bottom inner lining surface is a conventional sloping surface. In practical applications, the coal slows down at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, leading to severe coke accumulation during coking. Furthermore, the coal at the bottom of the carbonization furnace easily adheres to the refractory bricks, causing poor coking. The slow coking speed at the bottom of the carbonization furnace reduces production efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to optimize the refractory brick structure at the bottom feed port of the carbonization furnace to accelerate the coking speed and solve the aforementioned problems. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an irregularly shaped curved refractory brick and a carbonization furnace to solve the problem of slow coal descent at the bottom of the carbonization furnace.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides an irregular curved surface refractory brick, including a refractory brick body, wherein the refractory brick body is provided with a coke pushing surface for guiding coal out of the carbonization furnace, and the coke pushing surface is a partial structure of a fastest descent curved surface.

[0005] The starting point of the focusing surface coincides with the highest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the starting point of the focusing surface and the highest point of the steepest descent surface and the horizontal direction is 90°.

[0006] The endpoint of the focusing surface is located above the lowest point of the fastest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the endpoint of the focusing surface and the horizontal direction is 20° to 40°.

[0007] Preferably, the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the focusing surface and the horizontal direction is 30°.

[0008] Preferably, the starting point of the coke pushing surface is flush with the top of the refractory brick body, and the ending point of the coke pushing surface is positioned above the bottom of the refractory brick body.

[0009] Preferably, the refractory brick body is a refractory brick body with a straight edge, and is located at the horizontal straight edge position at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, and the coke pushing surface is opened at the top edge position on the side of the refractory brick body away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace.

[0010] Preferably, the refractory brick body is a corner refractory brick body and is located at the corner of the bottom of the carbonization furnace, and the coke pushing surface is opened at the top corner position of the side of the refractory brick body away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace.

[0011] Preferably, the refractory brick body is provided with a connecting surface for connecting with adjacent refractory brick bodies, the connecting surface is located on the outer periphery of the coke pushing surface, and a positioning structure is provided between the connecting surfaces of two adjacent refractory brick bodies.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning structure is a protrusion protruding from the connecting surface or a groove formed on the connecting surface, wherein the structure of the protrusion and the structure of the groove are matched.

[0013] Preferably, the refractory brick body has connecting surfaces on both sides along the circumference of the carbonization furnace. Here, the protrusions or grooves on the connecting surfaces extend vertically and match the height of the refractory brick body.

[0014] A carbonization furnace is also provided, including a carbonization furnace body and a discharge port opened at the bottom of the carbonization furnace body;

[0015] The inner lining of the carbonization furnace body is covered with irregularly shaped curved refractory bricks, and each of the irregularly shaped curved refractory bricks is connected in sequence along the circumference of the carbonization furnace body and surrounds the outer periphery of the discharge port.

[0016] The remaining areas of the inner lining of the carbonization furnace body are covered with vertical refractory bricks. The vertical refractory bricks have a vertically extending working surface on the side near the center of the carbonization furnace body. The starting point of the coke pushing surface on the irregular curved refractory brick is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface on the adjacent vertical refractory brick.

[0017] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art:

[0018] This invention utilizes a coke-pushing surface with a maximum descent curved structure on the refractory brick body. This allows the coal to move along the pushing surface as it exits the carbonization furnace, thereby accelerating the descent of the coal and increasing the coking speed. Compared to traditional refractory bricks, the irregularly shaped curved refractory brick disclosed in this invention effectively avoids heat accumulation and channel blockage caused by poor coke discharge at the bottom of the carbonization furnace, effectively preventing safety accidents caused by furnace stagnation, and improving the production efficiency of the carbonization furnace. In addition, the curved structure of the pushing surface on the refractory brick body facilitates installation by construction personnel, saving construction time and labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a refractory brick structure with a trapezoidal slope in the prior art.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure in the prior art;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the refractory brick body structure at the straight edge in one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the refractory brick body structure at the corner in one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the carbonization furnace in one embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the refractory brick structure at the straight edge of one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the refractory brick structure at the corner of the facade in one embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Among them, 1-fired bricks on the straight edge, 2-groove, 3-protrusion, 4-fired bricks on the corner, 5-carbonization furnace body, 6-fired brick body on the straight edge, 7-fired brick body on the corner, 8-coke pushing surface, 9-working surface. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] The purpose of this invention is to provide an irregularly shaped curved refractory brick and a carbonization furnace to solve the problem of slow coal descent at the bottom of the carbonization furnace.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides an irregular curved refractory brick, including a refractory brick body. The refractory brick body is provided with a coke pushing surface 8 for guiding coal out of the carbonization furnace 5. The coke pushing surface 8 is a partial structure of a steepest descent surface. The starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 coincides with the highest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 and the highest point of the steepest descent surface and the horizontal direction is 90°, so as to smoothly receive the coal moving from top to bottom. The ending point of the coke pushing surface 8 is located above the lowest point of the steepest descent surface, and the angle between the tangent direction of the ending point of the coke pushing surface 8 and the horizontal direction is 20° to 40°. Preferably, the angle between the tangent direction of the ending point of the coke pushing surface 8 and the horizontal direction is 30°. Specifically, by setting the angle between the tangent direction of the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 and the horizontal direction to 20°–40°, the coal passing through the coke pushing surface 8 is gathered, ensuring that the coal falls smoothly through the discharge port to the coke pushing plate at the bottom of the furnace after leaving the coke pushing surface 8. Sufficient gathering distance is also ensured to prevent the coal from falling directly into the gap between the coke pushing plate and the furnace body, causing jamming and preventing the coke pusher from operating. Furthermore, it ensures that the coal passing through the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 is smoothly carried away by the downward coal flow, preventing material accumulation and blockage at the end point of the coke pushing surface 8. This invention, by creating a coke pushing surface 8 with a partial structure of the fastest descending curved surface on the refractory brick body, allows the coal to move along the coke pushing surface 8 when it leaves the carbonization furnace 5, thereby accelerating the descent of the coal and increasing the coking speed. Compared with traditional refractory bricks, the irregular curved surface refractory bricks disclosed in this utility model can effectively avoid the accumulation of heat and blockage of channels caused by poor coke discharge at the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5, effectively prevent safety production accidents caused by furnace blockage, and improve the production efficiency of the carbonization furnace 5. In addition, the coke pushing surface 8 opened on the refractory brick body has a curved structure, which makes it easy for construction personnel to lay, saving construction time and labor costs.

[0032] It should be noted that the brachistochrone surface is composed of countless brachistochrone curves. A brachistochrone curve is a curve connecting two points that are not on the same vertical line, such that under the influence of gravity, the time required for a particle to slide frictionlessly from the starting point to the ending point along this curve is minimized. This curve is mathematically called a cycloid (or cycloid curve), and its parametric equations are: x = R(θ - sinθ), y = R(1 - cosθ), where R is the radius of the circle that generates the cycloid, and θ is the roll angle parameter.

[0033] In one specific implementation, the starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 is flush with the top of the refractory brick body. Therefore, when the irregular curved refractory brick is subsequently spliced ​​with the conventional refractory brick above it, the starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 can directly connect with the working surface 9 of the conventional refractory brick, avoiding a gap between the starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 and the conventional refractory brick, which would affect the smoothness of the coal falling. The end point of the coke pushing surface 8 is set at the position above the bottom of the refractory brick body to enhance the thickness at the end point of the coke pushing surface 8, thereby improving its structural strength and preventing the coal from impacting the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 when falling, which could easily cause structural damage.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the refractory brick body is a straight-edged refractory brick body 6, located at the horizontal straight edge of the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5. The coke-pushing surface 8 is located at the top edge of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5. It should be noted that conventional refractory bricks generally have a cubic structure. The coke-pushing surface 8 of the straight-edged refractory brick body 6 is actually based on the structure of conventional refractory bricks, but the top edge of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5 is removed and replaced with... The coke pushing surface 8 has a curved structure. The coke pushing surface 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge has a partially cylindrical structure, and its axis extends in the same direction as the straight edge of the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5. Furthermore, in the coke pushing surface 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge, the top edge of the coke pushing surface 8 serves as the starting point of the coke pushing surface 8, and the bottom edge of the coke pushing surface 8 serves as the ending point of the coke pushing surface 8. The top edge of the coke pushing surface 8 and the bottom edge of the coke pushing surface 8 are parallel and both extend in the same direction as the straight edge of the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5, that is, both extend in the horizontal direction.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the refractory brick body is a corner refractory brick body 7, which is set at the corner of the bottom of the carbonization furnace 5. The coke pushing surface 8 is opened at the top corner of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5. It should be noted that the structure of conventional refractory bricks is generally a cubic structure. The setting of the coke pushing surface 8 of the corner refractory brick body 7 is actually based on the structure of conventional refractory bricks, but the top corner of the refractory brick body on the side away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5 is removed and replaced with a coke pushing surface with a curved structure. 8. The coking surface 8 of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner has a conical curved surface structure. Furthermore, in the coking surface 8 of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner, the top edge of the coking surface 8 serves as the starting point of the coking surface 8. It has an arc-shaped structure and is parallel to the horizontal plane. The bottom of the coking surface 8 is located on the vertically extending edge of the refractory brick body 7 at the corner away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace 5, and has a point-like structure. It serves as the ending point of the coking surface 8. Any brachistochrone line on the coking surface 8 connects the bottom of the coking surface 8 with the corresponding point on the top edge of the coking surface 8.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, the refractory brick body is provided with a connecting surface for contacting adjacent refractory brick bodies. The connecting surface is located on the outer periphery of the coke pushing surface 8. A positioning structure is provided between the connecting surfaces of two adjacent refractory brick bodies. By setting the positioning structure, the mutual positioning between the two adjacent refractory brick bodies can be ensured, ensuring that the refractory brick body structure in the carbonization furnace 5 is more stable, making the refractory brick body more secure after installation and preventing displacement. In this embodiment, preferably, the positioning structure is a protrusion 3 protruding from the connecting surface or a groove 2 formed on the connecting surface. The structure of the protrusion 3 and the structure of the groove 2 match, that is, the protrusion 3 and the groove 2 have the same structure, so that the protrusion 3 can fit into the groove 2. Specifically, the connecting surface between two adjacent refractory brick bodies is provided with a protrusion 3 and a groove 2, so that the two adjacent refractory brick bodies are connected and positioned by the protrusion 3 and the groove 2. Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the refractory brick body has connecting surfaces on both sides of the circumference of the carbonization furnace 5. The protrusions 3 or grooves 2 on the connecting surfaces extend vertically and match the height of the refractory brick body. For example, between two adjacent connecting surfaces of two refractory brick bodies, one connecting surface has a protrusion 3 that extends vertically and has the same height as the refractory brick body, and the other connecting surface has a groove 2 that extends vertically and has the same height as the refractory brick body, penetrating the refractory brick body. This allows the other refractory brick body to move vertically downwards after one refractory brick body is installed, aligning with the groove 2 and the protrusion 3, so that the groove 2 and the protrusion 3 are inserted together, completing the positioning connection of the two refractory brick bodies.

[0037] Furthermore, a carbonization furnace is also provided, particularly for the pyrolysis of 30mm-50mm coal, comprising a carbonization furnace body 5 and a discharge port at the bottom of the carbonization furnace body 5; the inner lining of the carbonization furnace body 5 is covered with irregularly shaped curved refractory bricks, which are sequentially connected along the circumference of the carbonization furnace body 5 and surround the outer periphery of the discharge port; the remaining parts of the inner lining of the carbonization furnace body 5 are covered with vertical refractory bricks, and the vertical refractory bricks have a vertically extending working surface 9 on the side near the center of the carbonization furnace body 5, and the irregularly shaped curved refractory bricks... The starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface 9 on the adjacent vertical refractory brick. The lining of the carbonization furnace 5 is covered by vertical refractory brick and irregular curved refractory brick, which is mainly used for heat insulation, high temperature resistance and structural protection. The starting point of the coke pushing surface 8 on the irregular curved refractory brick is smoothly connected to the bottom edge of the working surface 9 on the adjacent vertical refractory brick, which ensures the smooth flow of material and ensures that the coal material passing through the end point of the coke pushing surface 8 is smoothly carried away by the coal flow from top to bottom, avoiding the accumulation and blockage of material at the end point of the coke pushing surface 8.

[0038] It should be noted that the facade refractory bricks are divided into two categories to allow them to connect with the push surfaces 8 of the refractory brick body 6 at the straight edge and the refractory brick body 7 at the corner, respectively. The facade refractory bricks are divided into facade refractory brick 1 at the straight edge and facade refractory brick 4 at the corner. The working surface 9 of the facade refractory brick 1 at the straight edge has a planar structure, while the working surface 9 of the facade refractory brick 4 at the corner has an arc-shaped structure. Furthermore, the connecting surfaces of the facade refractory bricks also have positioning structures, such as grooves 2 and protrusions 3.

[0039] Furthermore, a method for manufacturing refractory bricks is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1. Prepare the mold for making irregular curved refractory bricks: Prepare CNC machine tools and mold blanks, and process the mold blanks into the required mold structure by combining mathematical modeling, CNC programming and machine tool processing technology.

[0041] Preferably, the process of preparing and manufacturing the mold includes, but is not limited to:

[0042] Mathematical modeling:

[0043] Define the equation of the brachistochrone surface. Essentially, a brachistochrone surface is composed of countless brachistochrone curves, and its two-dimensional parametric equations are: x = R(θ - sinθ), y = R(1 - cosθ). First, determine the parameters. Based on the mold size requirements, set the brachistochrone curve generation parameter R (e.g., the period of the brachistochrone curve corresponding to the mold's motion stroke). Rotation or translation parameters around an axis can be introduced to construct the spatial cycloidal surface equation. Then, perform software fitting: based on the mold design drawings, in CAD software (such as UG NX, CATIA), use the "Curve Equation Input" function to fit the cycloidal curve, and then generate a three-dimensional brachistochrone surface model through sweeping, rotation, and other operations.

[0044] 3D modeling:

[0045] The mold structure is integrated by first designing the overall mold and incorporating the fitted brachistochrone surface into the main mold design. This is done in conjunction with the mold's entry and exit angles, mounting grooves, and other structural elements (such as protrusions and grooves marked in the drawings) to ensure precise connection between the surface and other parts of the mold. Next, accuracy verification is performed using software analysis to check the continuity of surface curvature and dimensional tolerances, ensuring compliance with the theoretical requirements of the brachistochrone surface.

[0046] CNC machine tool toolpath planning:

[0047] Its core tasks include: 1. Geometric calculation: Calculate the contact point between the tool and the workpiece based on the three-dimensional model of the workpiece. 2. Motion optimization: Optimize the motion trajectory of the tool to minimize the machining time and tool wear. The steps of tool path planning are as follows: (1) Geometric modeling; Workpiece model: Establish the three-dimensional geometric model of the workpiece based on the design drawings or CAD model. Tool model: Define the geometric parameters (such as diameter, length, shape) and motion characteristics (such as rotation axis, tilt angle) of the tool. (2) Machining area division; Divide the machining area into multiple sub-areas (such as plane, curved surface, contour) according to the geometric shape of the workpiece and machining requirements. Each sub-area may require different tool path strategies. (3) Tool path generation; Roughing path: Quickly remove most of the material, usually using a large cutting amount and low precision path. Finishing path: Precisely machine the surface of the workpiece, usually using a small cutting amount and high precision path. Cleaning path: Clean up the material remaining after roughing, usually using a small diameter tool. (4) Tool posture optimization; In five-axis machining, the tool posture (tilt angle) is crucial to the machining quality. By adjusting the tool tilt angle, collisions between the tool and the workpiece are avoided, and cutting conditions are optimized. (5) Path smoothing and optimization: The generated tool path is smoothed to avoid violent movement of the machine tool. The length of the path and cutting parameters are optimized to reduce machining time. (6) Simulation and verification: The feasibility and safety of the tool path are verified using simulation software (such as VERICUT). Check for problems such as collision, overcutting or undercutting. 3. Constraint handling: Consider the motion limitations of the machine tool (such as axis limit, collision avoidance) and machining requirements (such as surface finish, accuracy). Among them, the tool path generation method is: Tool path generation is the core link of tool path planning. The adaptive method is selected; the tool path is dynamically adjusted according to the geometry of the workpiece and machining requirements. It is suitable for complex geometry and high-precision machining. 4. Tool posture control in five-axis machining: In five-axis machining, the tool posture (tilt angle) is crucial to the machining quality. The dynamic tilt angle method and the tool axis vector optimization method are selected to realize tool posture control, including: (1) Dynamic tilt angle method: The tilt angle of the tool is dynamically adjusted according to the geometry of the workpiece. Applicable to complex geometry, it can avoid collisions and optimize cutting conditions. (2) Tool axis vector optimization: By optimizing the tool axis vector, the tool posture is optimized. Common optimization objectives include: minimizing the interference between the tool and the workpiece; maximizing cutting efficiency; and ensuring surface quality. 5. Constraints of tool path planning: In tool path planning, the following constraints need to be considered: (1) Machine tool motion constraints: the axis limit and range of motion of the machine tool; the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool (such as acceleration and speed). (2) Tool constraints: the length, diameter and shape of the tool; the stiffness and wear of the tool. (3) Workpiece constraints: the geometry and material properties of the workpiece; the machining accuracy and surface quality requirements.(4) Collision Avoidance: Collision detection between the tool and the workpiece, fixture, or machine tool; collisions are avoided by adjusting the tool path or orientation. 6. Software Implementation of Tool Path Planning: Tool path planning is usually implemented through CAM software. Commonly used CAM software includes: Mastercam: supports multi-axis machining and complex geometry; PowerMill: focuses on high-speed machining and five-axis machining; UGNX: integrates CAD / CAM functions and supports complex path planning.

[0048] Shaft machining process planning:

[0049] 1. Roughing: Use a large-diameter fillet end mill and a five-axis roughing strategy (such as "cycloidal milling") to quickly remove excess material while reducing tool wear. Set a large depth of cut (e.g., 2-3mm), feed rate 800-1200mm / min, and spindle speed 1500-2500r / min. 2. Finishing: Use a medium-precision tool and a "flowform milling" technique. Plan the toolpath along the cycloidal direction of the steepest descent surface, leaving a 0.2-0.3mm finishing allowance. 3. Root end milling: Use a high-precision ball end mill and a five-axis linkage "projection milling" technique to dynamically adjust the tool axis along the surface normal, ensuring surface accuracy. Cutting parameters: feed rate 500-800mm / min, spindle speed 3000-4000r / min, depth of cut 0.1-0.15mm.

[0050] Five-axis programming and simulation:

[0051] CAM Programming: Import the 3D model into software such as PowerMill and MasterCAM, select a five-axis machining strategy, and define the toolpath to move along the cycloidal trajectory of the brachistochronous surface. Interference Check: Simulate the movement of the tool, fixture, and workpiece using software simulation functions to eliminate collision risks and optimize toolpath connections. Post-processing: Generate NC code that conforms to the five-axis machine tool control system (such as Siemens or Fanuc) to ensure program compatibility.

[0052] Processing and testing:

[0053] First-piece trial cut: Install the mold blank on the five-axis machine tool, calibrate the coordinate system, and perform the first-piece machining. Accuracy inspection: Use a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to scan the machined surface and compare it with the theoretical cycloidal data. If the deviation exceeds the tolerance (e.g., ±0.05mm), correct the program and continue machining. Surface treatment: Polish the machined surface to eliminate tool marks and ensure the surface finish meets the mold's usage requirements.

[0054] Through the above process, it can be ensured that the mold making conforms to the initial design and the curved surface conforms to the brachistochrone surface theory, and high-precision machining can be achieved with the help of a five-axis CNC machine tool.

[0055] S2. Preparation of Refractory Bricks: Prepare refractory brick raw materials, load the raw materials into a mold structure, demold after pressing, and obtain the desired irregular curved surface refractory bricks after drying and firing. This includes, but is not limited to:

[0056] Raw material preparation:

[0057] Material Selection: Based on the performance requirements of refractory bricks (such as high temperature resistance and erosion resistance), select raw materials such as high-alumina bauxite, silica, magnesia, and silicon carbide. Crushing and Grinding: Crush and grind the raw materials to a suitable particle size (usually 0.1–5 mm) to improve formability and sintering performance. Batching and Mixing: Mix the main raw materials, binders (such as clay, phosphates, water glass, etc.), and additives (such as antioxidants, plasticizers, etc.) in proportion, and add water and stir until homogeneous.

[0058] Mold forming:

[0059] Filling: Evenly fill the mold with the mixture, avoiding segregation. Press Molding: Pressure range: typically 50–150 MPa (high alumina bricks, magnesia bricks, etc. require higher pressure). Method: Unidirectional pressing (simple brick shapes) or bidirectional pressing (complex brick shapes, more uniform density). Demolding: After molding, demold using an ejector device to obtain the green body (unfired brick blank).

[0060] dry:

[0061] Remove moisture from the green bricks (to prevent cracking during firing). Drying equipment: tunnel dryer, chamber drying oven. Temperature control: 80-120℃ (ordinary refractory bricks), 150-200℃ (high-density bricks, requiring slow drying). Time: usually 24-72 hours, depending on the size and moisture content of the bricks.

[0062] Firing (high-temperature sintering):

[0063] This process densifies the brick blanks, forming stable mineral phases (such as mullite and periclase), thus improving strength and refractoriness. Kiln types: tunnel kiln (continuous production), shuttle kiln (small batch), rotary kiln (for special materials). Firing temperatures: silica bricks: 1350–1430℃; high-alumina bricks: 1400–1600℃; magnesia bricks: 1500–1700℃; Firing stages: Preheating (300–600℃): Removes residual moisture and organic matter. Medium temperature (600–1200℃): Binder decomposes, initial sintering. High temperature (above 1200℃): Liquid phase forms, particle bonding densifies. Cooling: Slow cooling (avoids thermal stress cracking).

[0064] Post-processing and inspection:

[0065] Processing: The refractory brick body is processed into refractory brick bodies at corners and refractory brick bodies at straight edges, and grooves and protrusions are processed on the corresponding connecting surfaces. The quality of the processed refractory brick body is then inspected, including physical properties, refractoriness, and appearance.

[0066] Furthermore, in a specific practical experiment, the carbonization furnace using irregularly shaped curved refractory bricks achieved good results. The actual application effects of ordinary inclined bricks and irregularly shaped curved refractory bricks are compared as follows:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0070] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that this utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this utility model. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this utility model. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0071] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A shaped curved refractory brick, characterized in that, The application relates to a special-shaped curved surface refractory brick, which comprises a refractory brick body, wherein a coke pushing surface for guiding coal materials to move out of a carbonization furnace is arranged on the refractory brick body, and the coke pushing surface is a part of a brachistochrone curve. The starting point of the coke pushing surface coincides with the highest point of the brachistochrone curve, and the included angle between the tangent direction of the starting point of the coke pushing surface and the horizontal direction is 90 degrees. The ending point of the coke pushing surface is located above the lowest point of the brachistochrone curve, and the included angle between the tangent direction of the ending point of the coke pushing surface and the horizontal direction is 20-40 degrees.

2. The specially shaped refractory according to claim 1, wherein The included angle between the tangent direction of the ending point of the coke pushing surface and the horizontal direction is 30 degrees.

3. The specially shaped refractory according to claim 2, wherein The starting point of the coke pushing surface is flush with the top of the refractory brick body, and the ending point of the coke pushing surface is arranged at a position above the bottom of the refractory brick body.

4. A specially shaped refractory according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The refractory brick body is a straight-edge refractory brick body, and is arranged at a horizontal straight-edge position of the bottom of the carbonization furnace; the coke pushing surface is arranged at a top edge position of the side, away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace, of the refractory brick body.

5. The specially shaped refractory according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The refractory brick body is a corner refractory brick body, and is arranged at a corner of the bottom of the carbonization furnace; the coke pushing surface is arranged at a top corner position of the side, away from the side wall of the carbonization furnace, of the refractory brick body.

6. The specially shaped refractory according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The refractory brick body is provided with a connecting surface for connecting with adjacent refractory brick bodies; the connecting surface is located on the outer circumferential side of the coke pushing surface; and a positioning structure is arranged between the connecting surfaces of the adjacent refractory brick bodies.

7. The specially shaped refractory according to claim 6, wherein The positioning structure is a protrusion protruding from the connecting surface or a groove arranged on the connecting surface, and the structure of the protrusion is matched with the structure of the groove.

8. The specially shaped refractory according to claim 7, wherein The refractory brick body is provided with the connecting surface on both sides in the circumferential direction of the carbonization furnace; the protrusion or the groove on the connecting surface extends in the vertical direction and matches the height of the refractory brick body.

9. A carbonization furnace characterized by comprising: The application relates to a carbonization furnace body and a discharge port arranged at the bottom of the carbonization furnace body. The inner lining of the carbonization furnace body is covered with special-shaped curved surface refractory bricks as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8; the special-shaped curved surface refractory bricks are sequentially connected in the circumferential direction of the carbonization furnace body and are arranged on the outer circumferential side of the discharge port. The inner lining of the carbonization furnace body is covered with vertical refractory bricks at the remaining positions; the side, close to the center of the carbonization furnace body, of the vertical refractory brick is provided with a vertical working surface; and the starting point of the coke pushing surface on the special-shaped curved surface refractory brick is smoothly connected with the bottom edge of the working surface of the adjacent vertical refractory brick.

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