High-temperature tar cracking device of biomass gasifier

Abstract

The utility model provides a biomass gasifier high temperature cracking tar device, including the furnace body, the furnace body includes the slag layer, fire layer and reduction layer from bottom to top in proper order, the slag layer is provided with the fire grate, the fire grate has air channel and retorting gas channel, air channel and retorting gas channel are both communicated to the slag layer of furnace body, and the reduction layer is provided with the reduction layer. Dry distillation gas generated on the upper portion of the furnace body is independently pumped into the furnace bottom through a pipeline by a booster fan and enters a dry distillation gas channel of the fire grate, air blown by an air blower enters an air channel of the fire grate, and the air and the dry distillation gas are mixed in a slag layer after being distributed through the fire grate. According to the device, steam is saved, the purpose of zero emission of tar and phenol water (wood vinegar) is achieved, and the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model mainly relates to the technical field of biomass gasification furnaces, specifically a high-temperature pyrolysis device for biomass gasification furnaces. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass gasification furnaces convert macromolecules of biomass, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, into smaller molecules of biomass combustible gas, biochar, and liquid. The main combustible components of biomass combustible gas are CO, H2, and CH4, with trace amounts of CnHm (n>1). It can be widely used in various fields of industrial and agricultural production, such as power generation, gas supply, and heating (replacing coal combustion).

[0003] In existing technologies, the traditional biomass gasification process involves mixing air and steam, which is then forced into the furnace bottom by a blower and evenly distributed through a grate. This mixture reacts with the semi-coke produced after biomass distillation, undergoing an oxidation reaction. However, due to the relatively low fixed carbon content of biomass, insufficient semi-coke participates in the reaction, resulting in a lack of a reduction layer within the gasifier. This often leads to "burn-through," making the gasifier difficult to operate and producing a gas with high tar content, failing to meet environmental protection requirements. In existing technologies, the grate structure of biomass gasifiers involves mixing air and biomass gas before it enters the grate and then evenly distributing it. This existing technology poses certain safety hazards because once a certain temperature is reached, the combustible gases in the biomass gas mix with oxygen, causing a deflagration that can damage the equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of current technology, this utility model combines existing technology and, based on practical application, provides a high-temperature pyrolysis device for biomass gasification furnaces. This device saves steam and achieves zero emissions of tar and phenolic water (wood vinegar), thus meeting energy-saving and environmental protection requirements.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A high-temperature pyrolysis tar device for biomass gasification furnace includes a furnace body, which comprises, from bottom to top, a slag layer, a fire layer, and a reduction layer. A grate is installed at the slag layer, and the grate has an air channel and a pyrolysis gas channel, both of which are connected to the slag layer of the furnace body. Pyrolysis gas generated at the top of the furnace body is separately injected into the bottom of the furnace and enters the pyrolysis gas channel of the grate through a pipeline by a pressurized blower. Air blown in by a blower enters the air channel of the grate. The air and pyrolysis gas are mixed in the slag layer after being distributed through the grate.

[0007] Furthermore, the grate is located at the middle of the bottom of the furnace body.

[0008] Furthermore, the air channel has multiple air exhaust holes communicating with the slag layer, and the dry distillation gas channel has multiple dry distillation gas exhaust holes communicating with the slag layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the multiple air exhaust ports and the multiple dry distillation gas exhaust ports are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0010] Furthermore, an air exhaust port baffle is provided on the upper part of the air exhaust port, and a dry distillation gas exhaust port baffle is provided on the upper part of the dry distillation gas channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the grate includes an inner shell and an outer shell, the interior of the inner shell is the dry distillation gas passage, and the interlayer between the inner shell and the outer shell is the air passage.

[0012] Furthermore, an air circulation duct is provided on the outer shell, one end of the air circulation duct is located in the air channel, and the other end is connected to the slag layer. The air circulation duct has an air exhaust hole inside.

[0013] The outer shell is provided with a dry distillation gas channel. One end of the dry distillation gas channel extends into the dry distillation gas channel through the air channel, and the other end is connected to the slag layer. The interior of the dry distillation gas channel is the dry distillation gas exhaust port.

[0014] Furthermore, both the inner shell and the upper part of the outer shell are cone-shaped structures.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. The device of this utility model allows the dry distillation gas (CO2, CO, CH4, H2, H2O, tar, etc.) generated by the dry distillation in the gasifier to be separately injected into the furnace bottom through a pipeline by a pressurized blower. It is then redistributed evenly by the grate. This portion of the dry distillation gas mixes with oxygen from the air blown in by the blower in the slag layer, passes through the slag layer, and enters the fire layer for combustion. This forms a new fire layer in the gasifier, while the semi-coke formed by the dry distillation remains in the reduction layer, undergoing a reduction reaction with the mixture of oxygen and steam. Under this new process, steam is saved, and zero emissions of tar and phenolic water (wood vinegar) are achieved, thoroughly meeting the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0017] 2. In this utility model, the grate structure allows the distillation gas and air to be discharged separately, and the distillation gas and air enter the biomass gasification furnace through separate channels, avoiding premature mixing of the two airflows, improving operational safety. Moreover, the grate structure design is simple and reasonable, which can prevent slag in the furnace body from falling and blocking the exhaust holes. Furthermore, the staggered arrangement of the distillation gas exhaust holes and air exhaust holes can make the distillation gas and air evenly distributed. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device.

[0019] Appendix Figure 2 This is a front view of the grate structure.

[0020] Appendix Figure 3 This is a top view of the grate structure.

[0021] The labels shown in the attached diagram:

[0022] 1. Furnace body; 2. Reduction layer; 3. Fire layer; 4. Slag layer; 5. Blower; 6. Pressurized blower; 7. Piping; 8. Grate;

[0023] 81. Outer shell; 82. Inner shell; 83. Air passage; 84. Dry distillation gas passage; 85. Air passage pipe; 86. Dry distillation gas passage; 7. Air exhaust port baffle; 8. Dry distillation gas exhaust port baffle; 9. Air exhaust port; 10. Dry distillation gas exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined in this application. Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a high-temperature pyrolysis tar device for a biomass gasification furnace, referenced... Figure 1 As shown.

[0026] This device mainly includes a furnace body 1, which, from bottom to top, includes a slag layer 4, a fire layer 3, and a reduction layer 2. At the bottom of the furnace body 1, below the slag layer 4, a grate 8 is installed. The grate 8 has an air channel 83 and a dry distillation gas channel 84, both of which are connected to the slag layer 4 of the furnace body 1. A pipe 7 is installed at the top of the furnace body 1, connecting to the bottom of the furnace body 1, and a pressurized blower 6 is installed on the pipe. This structure allows the dry distillation gas generated in the furnace body 1 to be separately injected into the furnace bottom and into the dry distillation gas channel 84 of the grate 8 through the pipe 7 and the pressurized blower 6. Air is blown into the air channel 83 of the grate by a blower 5.

[0027] In this structure, the pyrolysis gas (CO2, CO, CH4, H2, H2O, tar, etc.) generated from the pyrolysis of biomass in the gasifier is separately injected into the furnace bottom via pipe 7 by a pressurized blower 6, and then redistributed evenly by the grate 8. This portion of the pyrolysis gas passes through the slag layer 4 and enters the fire layer 3 for combustion, forming a new fire layer in the gasifier. The semi-coke formed by pyrolysis remains in the reduction layer 2, where it undergoes a reduction reaction with a mixture of oxygen and steam. This new process saves steam and achieves zero emissions of tar and phenolic water (wood vinegar), thoroughly meeting the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection. Example 2

[0028] This embodiment provides a specific structure of the grate 8 used in the furnace body 1 in Embodiment 1, referring to... Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown.

[0029] The grate structure of this embodiment mainly includes an inner shell 82 and an outer shell 81. The upper part of both the inner shell 82 and the outer shell 81 is a cone-shaped structure, and a sandwich layer is provided between the inner shell 82 and the outer shell 81.

[0030] In this embodiment, the inner shell 82 contains a pyrolysis gas channel 84, through which pyrolysis gas is transported separately. The interlayer between the inner shell 82 and the outer shell 81 contains an air channel 83, which transports air separately. The air channel 83 connects to multiple air exhaust holes 89, used to transport air to the slag layer 4 through the air exhaust holes 89. The pyrolysis gas channel 84 connects to multiple pyrolysis gas exhaust holes 810, used to transport pyrolysis gas to the slag layer 4 through the pyrolysis gas exhaust holes 810.

[0031] In one specific structure provided in this embodiment, an air circulation duct 85 is provided on the outer shell 81. The air circulation duct 85 can be welded to the outer shell 81. One end of the air circulation duct 85 is located inside the air channel 83, and the other end is located outside the outer shell 81, so that the air in the air channel 83 can be discharged into the furnace body through the air circulation duct 85. A dry distillation gas channel 86 is also provided on the outer shell 81. The dry distillation gas channel 86 can be welded and fixed to the outer shell 81 and the inner shell 82. One end of the dry distillation gas channel 86 passes through the air channel 83 and extends into the dry distillation gas channel 84, and the other end is located outside the outer shell 81, so that the dry distillation gas can be discharged into the furnace body through the interior of the dry distillation gas channel 86.

[0032] In this embodiment, air and distillation gas are distributed to the slag layer 4 through the grate structure, and the air and distillation gas are discharged separately to avoid the two gas streams from mixing in advance, thus ensuring the safety of the distillation gasification furnace.

[0033] In this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, an air exhaust port baffle 87 is provided on the upper part of each air circulation duct 85, and a dry distillation gas exhaust port baffle 88 is provided on the upper part of each dry distillation gas channel 86, which can prevent furnace ash and slag from falling into the exhaust port and avoid clogging the exhaust port.

[0034] To ensure that air and distillation gas can enter the furnace body evenly through the grate, in this embodiment, the multiple air exhaust ports 89 and the multiple distillation gas exhaust ports 810 are arranged in a staggered manner. (Reference) Figure 3 The above, Figure 3 The dashed lines represent all air exhaust ports 89, and the solid lines represent distillation gas exhaust ports 810. Their specific arrangement is as follows: a distillation gas exhaust port 810 is located at the center of the outer shell 81. Three concentric rings of exhaust ports are arranged around the outer shell 81, labeled as the first, second, and third rings from the innermost to the outermost. The first ring has three evenly distributed air exhaust ports 89; the second ring has three evenly distributed air exhaust ports 89 and three distillation gas exhaust ports 810, with the three air exhaust ports 89 and three distillation gas exhaust ports 810 arranged alternately; the third ring has four evenly distributed air exhaust ports 89 and eight distillation gas exhaust ports 810. The eight biomass exhaust ports 810 are arranged in pairs, alternating with the four air exhaust ports 89. This structure ensures the uniformity of the distribution of distillation gas and air.

Claims

1. A biomass gasifier high-temperature pyrolysis tar device, comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises, from bottom to top, a slag layer, a fire layer and a reduction layer in sequence, characterized in that, The grate is arranged at the slag layer, and has an air passage and a dry distillation gas passage, both of which are communicated to the slag layer of the furnace body. The dry distillation gas generated at the upper part of the furnace body is separately punched into the dry distillation gas passage of the grate by a pipe from a pressurized air blower, the air punched by the air blower enters the air passage of the grate, and the air and the dry distillation gas are distributed through the grate and then mixed in the slag layer.

2. The biomass gasification furnace high-temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grate is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the furnace body.

3. The biomass gasification furnace high temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air passage has a plurality of air exhaust holes communicated to the slag layer, and the dry distillation gas passage has a plurality of dry distillation gas exhaust holes communicated to the slag layer.

4. The biomass gasification furnace high temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of air exhaust holes and the plurality of dry distillation gas exhaust holes are arranged in a staggered manner.

5. The biomass gasification furnace high temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper part of the air exhaust hole is provided with an air exhaust hole baffle, and the upper part of the dry distillation gas passage is provided with a dry distillation gas exhaust hole baffle.

6. The biomass gasification furnace high temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The grate comprises an inner shell and an outer shell, the inner shell is the dry distillation gas passage, and the air passage is arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell.

7. The biomass gasification furnace high temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer shell is provided with an air flow pipe, one end of the air flow pipe is located in the air passage, and the other end is communicated to the slag layer, and the air flow pipe is the air exhaust hole. The outer shell is provided with a dry distillation gas flow pipe, one end of the dry distillation gas flow pipe penetrates through the air passage and extends into the dry distillation gas passage, and the other end is communicated to the slag layer, and the dry distillation gas flow pipe is the dry distillation gas exhaust hole.

8. The biomass gasification furnace high temperature pyrolysis tar device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper parts of the inner shell and the outer shell are both in the form of a pyramid.

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