Star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device
By using a multi-level design with a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure, the problem of insufficient energy absorption by traditional anti-collision devices when large ships collide at high speeds is solved, achieving bridge protection with efficient energy dispersion and low maintenance costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
Traditional anti-collision devices are unable to effectively absorb and disperse impact energy when faced with high-speed impacts from large ships, resulting in damage to bridge structures. Furthermore, customized designs are costly, require frequent maintenance, and cannot cope with complex impact situations.
The anti-collision device adopts a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure, which includes multiple filling cavities separated by an outer shell, partitions, and limiting plates. These cavities are filled with energy-absorbing materials and utilize the negative Poisson's ratio characteristics to disperse impact energy. Combined with a multi-level integrated design, it achieves multi-level energy absorption.
It significantly improves energy absorption capacity, reduces the risk of bridge damage, lowers maintenance costs, adapts to complex impact conditions, and features a modular design for easy maintenance and standardized production.
Smart Images
Figure CN224092371U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of anti-collision safety technology, specifically to a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device. Background Technology
[0002] In today's society, the importance of transportation is becoming increasingly prominent. Whether it is automobiles in land transportation or ships in water transportation, their driving safety is of great concern. In order to reduce the occurrence of accidents such as vehicle collisions and ships hitting bridges, various anti-collision devices have emerged. However, these devices still have certain limitations in practical applications.
[0003] Traditional collision avoidance devices are increasingly unable to meet the rising safety requirements in terms of materials, structure, and function, especially in high-speed, high-mass collisions. Their protective effectiveness is often limited. Traditional ship collision avoidance devices often fail to fully absorb and disperse impact energy when facing high-speed impacts from large ships. For example, some rigid collision avoidance devices, while able to prevent direct impacts to bridge piers to some extent, are ineffective at buffering larger impacts, potentially causing significant damage to the bridge structure. Conversely, some flexible collision avoidance devices, despite possessing some elasticity, have limited deformation capacity under large impacts, failing to fully absorb impact energy and thus failing to effectively protect bridges and ships. Furthermore, traditional collision avoidance devices are often designed in a simplistic manner, making them ill-suited for complex real-world scenarios. Especially in high-intensity impacts, they cannot effectively extend the stress duration, reduce the peak impact value, or minimize damage to the protected object. While these devices offer some protection in terms of collision energy absorption, they still have many limitations, particularly the high cost of customized design and manufacturing, and the need for regular maintenance and inspection to maintain performance. At the same time, the long production cycle of customized systems increases project time costs. Utility Model Content
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device for bridge pier anti-collision, the anti-collision device including multiple pre-embedded sleeves disposed on the outside of the bridge pier, each pre-embedded sleeve being equipped with an anti-collision unit body through a connector;
[0005] The anti-collision unit includes an outer shell, and the interior of the outer shell is equipped with multiple sets of star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structures.
[0006] Furthermore, a partition is fixed inside the outer shell, which divides the interior of the outer shell into multiple cavities, and a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure is provided in each cavity.
[0007] Furthermore, the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure includes four sequentially adjacent and integrally connected acute-angled plates, with the surfaces of adjacent acute-angled plates forming an inwardly obtuse angle.
[0008] Furthermore, a limiting plate is fixed outward at the apex of the concave obtuse angle.
[0009] Furthermore, the limiting plate and the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure divide the cavity into multiple filling cavities, and each filling cavity is filled with filler material.
[0010] Furthermore, a functional coating is provided on the outer side of the outer casing.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:
[0012] This star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device uses multiple star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structures set inside the outer shell of the anti-collision unit. Combined with partitions and limiting plates, multiple filling cavities are formed and filled with filler material, thus forming a multi-level integrated design. When a collision occurs, the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure generates large deformation by utilizing the negative Poisson's ratio characteristics. The synergistic effect of each level allows the filler material and structure to jointly absorb and disperse the impact energy, and the energy absorption effect far exceeds that of traditional single-structure anti-collision devices. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0014] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;
[0015] Figure 3 This is a front view of the anti-collision unit of this utility model.
[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-collision unit of this utility model;
[0017] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the anti-collision unit of this utility model.
[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the filler structure in this utility model.
[0019] In the diagram: 1. Pier; 2. Shell; 3. Connector; 4. Functional coating; 5. Star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure; 6. Partition; 7. Limiting plate; 8. Filler. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0021] Please see Figure 1-6 In this embodiment, a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device is used for anti-collision of bridge pier 1. The anti-collision device includes multiple pre-embedded sleeves set on the outside of bridge pier 1. The pre-embedded sleeves are embedded during the construction stage of bridge pier 1 to provide a reliable connection foundation for the subsequent installation of anti-collision unit. Each pre-embedded sleeve is equipped with an anti-collision unit through a connector 3, so as to realize the stable installation of the anti-collision unit and bridge pier 1 and ensure the reliability and stability of the connection.
[0022] The anti-collision unit is the core component of this device, including the outer shell 2 which is fixed to the pier 1 by the connector 3. The outer shell 2 is made of high-strength material, such as high-strength alloy steel. This material has excellent wear resistance and impact resistance, which can effectively resist external impact and wear, and can also evenly transmit the impact force to the inner structure. The inner shell 2 is fixed with partitions 6, which are reasonably distributed along the inner space of the outer shell 2, dividing the inner space of the outer shell 2 into multiple independent cavities.
[0023] Multiple sets of star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structures 5 are installed in each cavity. These star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structures 5 are key structures of the inner core energy-absorbing layer. Each star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5 includes four sequentially adjacent and integrally connected acute-angled plates. The surfaces of the adjacent acute-angled plates form an inwardly obtuse angle. A limiting plate 7 is fixed outward at the apex of the inwardly obtuse angle. The limiting plate 7 and the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5 further divide the cavity into multiple filling cavities. Filler material 8 is placed in the filling cavities. The filler material 8 can be a material with good energy absorption performance, such as a polymer buffer energy-absorbing material. It can absorb part of the energy through its own compression deformation during the collision. At the same time, the limiting plate and the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5 work together to absorb energy. The limiting plate 7 can be attached to the inner wall of the outer shell 2 or the partition 6, or it can be welded and fixed to the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5 when it is placed in the cavity.
[0024] Both the outer shell 2 and the inner core energy-absorbing layer are made of star-shaped steel structure material. The porous structure of this material gives it excellent energy absorption characteristics, which can efficiently disperse and absorb impact energy and reduce its own damage. Under impact, the star-shaped steel structure and the steel shell deform together. As the impact velocity increases, the energy absorption and initial instability load increase. When the wall thickness of the steel shell increases, the peak collapse load and the total absorbed energy increase simultaneously. At the same time, the impact mass has a relatively small impact on the initial peak collapse load.
[0025] The star-shaped concave design utilizes the negative Poisson's ratio characteristic to disperse the impact force from the center along the star-shaped branches in multiple directions upon impact, avoiding force concentration and reducing localized structural damage. The innovative structure and arrangement enable the metamaterial to exhibit a concave deformation mechanism under load, achieving negative Poisson's ratio performance. This mechanism expands the area of force application, reducing the stress intensity per unit area; simultaneously, the concave shape provides a smooth transition for the multi-layered structure, promoting the layer-by-layer transmission of impact force, synergistically achieving efficient energy absorption and dispersion, and significantly improving the protective effectiveness of the collision avoidance device.
[0026] This integrated multi-layered star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device utilizes optimized materials to achieve performance matching and synergy. The outermost steel shell, with its excellent toughness and impact resistance, buffers the force in the initial stage of a collision, protecting the internal structure. The inner star-shaped steel structure material, with its porous properties, quickly absorbs impact energy and converts it into deformation energy. The second-layer star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure, with its unique concave design, disperses the impact force in all directions, avoiding energy concentration, while further dissipating energy through its own deformation. The third layer, with its matrix-arranged energy-absorbing units filling the star-shaped steel structure, works synergistically with the first and second layers to ensure that the energy transferred to the protected object is minimized.
[0027] To improve nighttime driving safety, a functional coating 4 is provided on the outer side of the outer shell 2. The functional coating 4 can be an anti-slip, reflective, or other functional coating to improve the performance of the anti-collision device. It usually uses a high-brightness reflective material that can produce strong reflection under the illumination of lights to alert attention to the location of the bridge pier and reduce the risk of collision.
[0028] In practical applications, when the anti-collision unit is subjected to a minor impact, the outer shell 2 mainly undertakes the protective task. Since the outer shell 2 is made of high-strength material, it can effectively resist the initial impact and prevent the impact force from acting directly on the inner structure, thus protecting the internal structure.
[0029] When subjected to a large impact, the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure of the inner core energy-absorbing layer begins to exhibit its excellent energy absorption characteristics. The impact force first acts on the central part of the star-shaped structure. Due to the concave design of the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5, the force diffuses outward along the branches of the star, distributing the impact force over a larger area and reducing the stress intensity per unit area. At the same time, the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5 undergoes a predetermined deformation under the impact force, converting the impact energy into the deformation energy of the material, thereby effectively reducing the transmission of the impact force. During the deformation process, the limiting plate 7 restricts the excessive deformation of the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5, ensuring that it absorbs energy within a reasonable deformation range. The filler material 8 in the filling cavity is also compressed along with the deformation of the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure 5, further absorbing the impact energy.
[0030] Furthermore, this device adopts a modular design, allowing each anti-collision unit to be flexibly configured according to different application scenarios. When an anti-collision unit is damaged in a collision, only the connector 3 of the damaged unit needs to be disassembled, a new anti-collision unit replaced, and reconnected to the pre-embedded sleeve via connector 3 to restore the overall performance of the anti-collision device, significantly reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, due to its reasonable structure, the device requires no additional maintenance, and its shape can be adjusted according to actual needs, enabling standardized production to meet different anti-collision requirements. It boasts significant advantages such as short construction cycles and low maintenance costs.
[0031] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows:
[0032] When the device is subjected to an external impact, the impact force first acts on the protruding part of the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure. Due to its shape characteristics, the force will spread outwards along the branches of the star.
[0033] The concave design allows the diffused force to be further buffered and dispersed within the concave area. This design can effectively transform concentrated impact force into smaller forces in multiple directions, reducing damage to the overall device and the protected object.
[0034] Meanwhile, the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure also increases the contact area between the device and the colliding object. The larger contact area can reduce the pressure per unit area, making the impact force more evenly distributed on the device, thus improving the stability and reliability of the anti-collision device.
[0035] Secondly, the multi-level design of the anti-collision device provides a mechanism for gradual buffering of collisions. When an external force is applied to the device, the outermost shell is the first to come into contact with and bear the impact. The outermost shell is usually made of high-strength material, which can withstand a certain degree of initial impact force and prevent the internal structure from being directly and severely damaged.
[0036] As the impact continues, the energy is gradually transferred to the limiting plate, partition, filler material and finally to the innermost star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure. The innermost layer can be made of energy-absorbing material or material with a certain elastic deformation capacity. When subjected to external force, these materials absorb part of the energy through their own deformation, slow down the transmission speed of the impact force, and through their special structural design, disperse the force to a larger area, reduce local pressure and protect the protected object.
[0037] When the anti-collision unit needs to be replaced, the connecting rod can be unscrewed with a power tool to remove the anti-collision unit. It is easy to disassemble and assemble, and its reasonable structure and flexible shape give it a series of advantages such as short construction period and low maintenance cost.
[0038] The entire workflow is now complete, and anything not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.
[0039] It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device, used for anti-collision of bridge piers (1), characterized in that: The anti-collision device includes multiple pre-embedded sleeves set on the outside of the pier (1), and each pre-embedded sleeve is equipped with an anti-collision unit through a connector (3); The anti-collision unit includes an outer shell (2), and the interior of the outer shell (2) is provided with multiple sets of star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structures (5).
2. The star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the outer shell (2) is fixed with a partition (6), which divides the interior of the outer shell (2) into multiple cavities, and each cavity is provided with a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure (5).
3. The star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure (5) includes four sequentially adjacent and integrally connected acute-angled plates, with the surfaces of adjacent acute-angled plates forming an inwardly obtuse angle.
4. The star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting plate (7) is fixed outward at the apex of the concave obtuse angle.
5. The star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting plate (7) and the star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure (5) divide the cavity into multiple filling cavities, and the filling cavities are filled with filler material (8).
6. The star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure anti-collision device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the outer shell (2) is provided with a functional coating (4).