Tool battery pack

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model relates to the field of energy, and discloses a tool battery pack which is provided with a shell assembly, a battery cell assembly, an output pole piece seat, a control device and a waterproof layer, and the shell assembly is used for containing the battery cell assembly, the output pole piece seat and the control device; the control device is connected with the output pole piece seat and the battery cell assembly; the battery cell assembly is provided with a battery cell support and unit battery cells installed on the battery cell support, the battery cell support is provided with a first end and a second end, the second end is provided with an exposed hole, the waterproof layer is arranged at the second end of the battery cell support, the waterproof piece is arranged at the second end of the battery cell support, the waterproof piece is connected with the battery cell support through the positioning piece, and the waterproof piece is arranged at the second end of the battery cell support. The waterproof piece is provided with a first end face away from the battery cell support and a second end face close to the battery cell support, at least part of a waterproof layer is arranged between the second end face and the battery cell support, and the second end face is provided with a second convex face protruding towards the end face of the unit battery cell at the exposed hole.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202520348339.4, filed on February 28, 2025, entitled “A Battery Pack”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the energy field, and in particular to a tool battery pack. Background Technology

[0003] In the current field of utility battery packs, battery packs typically consist of 1-parallel or 2-parallel cell assemblies. The individual cells within the battery pack are grouped together, and conductive electrode plates are usually connected to the control board on the cell end face. To prevent short circuits between the individual cells, waterproof material is needed to cover the cell end faces, allowing each cell to remain relatively independent. Traditional waterproofing processes usually involve allowing the waterproof material to stand for a period of time before proceeding with subsequent assembly processes, thus limiting overall production efficiency due to the curing time of the waterproof material. Furthermore, traditional... The power and charging / discharging requirements of the tools are not high, and the probability of thermal runaway in the battery pack is very low. However, as the power of the tools continues to increase, the local temperature gradient expands due to the increased charging and discharging speed, and the risk of thermal runaway increases significantly. The thermal runaway cell will experience irreversible overheating, and the end face temperature of the cell will rise sharply. Usually, there will be high pressure and high temperature flames in the cell end face area. If the thermal runaway cell is not controlled, the surface temperature of the adjacent cells will be affected by the heat propagation of the thermal runaway cell, and then thermal runaway will spread to the entire battery pack. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a tool battery pack that solves the problems of waterproofing the battery pack, accelerating production, and providing rapid pressure relief for thermal runaway cells to avoid secondary thermal runaway triggering, thus achieving a lightweight, efficient, and safe isolation solution.

[0005] A utility battery pack includes a housing assembly, a cell assembly, an output electrode holder, a control device, and a waterproof layer. The housing assembly houses the cell assembly, the output electrode holder, and the control device. The control device is connected to the output electrode holder and the cell assembly. The cell assembly includes a cell support and a unit cell mounted on the cell support. The cell support has a first end and a second end, the second end having an exposed hole. The waterproof layer is disposed at the second end of the cell support. The pack also includes a waterproof component and a positioning component connecting the waterproof component to the cell support. The waterproof component is disposed at the second end of the cell support and has a first end face away from the cell support and a second end face close to the cell support. At least a partial waterproof layer is present between the second end face and the cell support. The second end face has a second convex surface at the exposed hole, protruding towards the end face of the unit cell. This design is different from traditional waterproofing processes, which typically involve covering the surface with waterproof material and allowing it to stand for a period of time before applying the waterproof layer. The subsequent assembly process is limited by the curing time of the waterproof material, which restricts the overall production efficiency. This application addresses this by adding a waterproof component with a second convex surface. On one hand, this additional waterproof component allows subsequent assembly work to proceed without waiting for the waterproof layer to dry completely after it is applied to the cell support, greatly improving production line efficiency, reducing waiting time, and increasing production flexibility and response speed. On the other hand, the second convex surface ensures that the waterproof component compresses the waterproof layer, making the waterproof layer tightly adhere to the cell end face. This prevents the waterproof layer from peeling off from the cell end face due to vibration or abrasion. The waterproof layer thickness is thinner at the exposed hole of the cell end face, allowing abnormal cell units to quickly break through the weak waterproof layer, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism and preventing the impact on adjacent cell units or adjacent cell assemblies, thus avoiding continuous deflagration.

[0006] Optionally, the first end face has a first convex surface at the exposed hole that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell. Through a minimum gap of 0.1mm, a clear "weak interface" is formed between the waterproof layer and the cell, as well as in the exposed hole area of ​​the waterproof component. When the internal pressure increases, the stress will preferentially concentrate in this area, accelerating the tearing or rupture of the waterproof layer. In the case of abnormal overheating of the cell, there is usually a high pressure and high temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face. At this time, the abnormal unit cell can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding the impact on adjacent unit cells or adjacent cell assemblies, preventing continuous deflagration.

[0007] Optionally, the distance B between the first convex surface and the second end face is greater than 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. By setting the range of the distance B between the first convex surface and the second end face, the thickness of the weak area can be controlled as much as possible to make it easier to break through. At the same time, it effectively prevents the problem of the waterproof layer being broken through due to improper operation during the pressing process. It ensures that while providing waterproof protection, it provides a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by specifying the range of B, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process.

[0008] Optionally, the cell has a first cell end face and a second cell end face. The first cell end face has a positive terminal face, and the distance A2 between the second convex face and the positive terminal face is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. By defining the range of the distance A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by defining the range of the distance A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process.

[0009] Optionally, the distance A2 between the second convex surface and the positive end face is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm. By clearly defining the range of distance A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of distance A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process, prevents excessive gaps from extending the path of external liquid intrusion, enhances the uniform coverage of water pressure by the sealing layer, and reduces the overall volume while ensuring a safe distance, which is conducive to the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery pack.

[0010] Optionally, the distance A2 between the second convex surface and the positive terminal surface is greater than or equal to 0.3mm and less than 1.2mm. The narrow interval design ensures a more uniform fit between the waterproof component and the cell end face, significantly improving long-term leak-proof performance. Precise gap control reduces fatigue damage to the waterproof layer under temperature fluctuations or mechanical impacts, extending service life. By clearly defining the range of distance A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in weak areas can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of distance A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of weak areas can be maintained during manufacturing. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process, preventing excessive gaps from extending the path of external liquid intrusion, and improving the uniform coverage of water pressure by the sealing layer. While ensuring a safe distance, the overall volume is reduced, which is beneficial for the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery pack.

[0011] Optionally, the positive extreme face has a cap end face, and the distance A1 between the second convex face and the cap end face is greater than or equal to 0.1mm. By defining the range of the distance A1, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by defining the range of the distance A1, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process.

[0012] Optionally, the distance A1 between the second convex surface and the cap end face is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of distance A1, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process, prevents excessive gaps from extending the path of external liquid intrusion, enhances the uniform coverage of water pressure by the sealing layer, and reduces the overall volume while ensuring a safe distance, which is conducive to the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery pack.

[0013] Optionally, the distance A1 between the second convex surface and the end face of the cap is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than 1.5 mm. By clearly defining the range of the distance A1, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of the distance A1, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process, prevents excessive gaps from extending the path of external liquid intrusion, enhances the uniform coverage of water pressure by the sealing layer, and reduces the overall volume while ensuring a safe distance, which is conducive to the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery pack.

[0014] Optionally, the distance A1 between the second convex surface and the cap end face is greater than or equal to 0.3mm and less than 1.2mm. The narrow interval design ensures a more uniform fit between the waterproof component and the cell end face, significantly improving long-term leak-proof performance. Precise gap control reduces fatigue damage to the waterproof layer under temperature fluctuations or mechanical impacts, extending service life. By clearly defining the range of distance A1, the thickness of the waterproof layer in weak areas can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of distance A1, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of weak areas can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process, prevents excessive gaps from extending the path of external liquid intrusion, and enhances the uniform coverage of water pressure by the sealing layer. While ensuring a safe distance, the overall volume is reduced, which is beneficial for the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery pack.

[0015] Optionally, the waterproof component is made of a non-metallic material with a thermal softening temperature of ≥90°C. By setting the waterproof component to a non-metallic material with a thermal softening temperature of ≥90°C, the waterproof component can soften on its own during abnormal cell heating. At this time, the abnormal cell can more quickly break through the waterproof component in the weak area, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding continuous explosion of adjacent cell components or adjacent cell assemblies. At the same time, it can be unaffected by temperature rise during normal cell heating, thus providing a stable and effective waterproof effect.

[0016] Optionally, the waterproof component can be any one of ABS, PC, PP, PE, nylon, PA, or GF. By setting the waterproof component to ABS, PC, PP, PE, nylon, PA, or GF, the waterproof component can soften on its own during abnormal cell heating. At this time, the abnormal cell can more quickly break through the waterproof component in the weak area, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism to avoid affecting adjacent cell or adjacent cell assembly and causing continuous deflagration. At the same time, during normal cell heating, it can be unaffected by temperature rise, thus providing a stable and effective waterproof effect.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the waterproof component is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. By setting the thickness of the waterproof membrane, the thickness of the weak area can be controlled as much as possible so that it is easier to be broken through. At the same time, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This can not only ensure quality control in mass production, but also improve the stability of the production process.

[0018] Optionally, the waterproof component is a waterproof plate of uneven thickness. The thickness of the waterproof component at the exposed hole is less than or equal to the thickness of the waterproof component outside the exposed hole. The waterproof component is formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole. When the battery cell is in an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high pressure and high temperature flame in the first battery cell end face area. At this time, the abnormal unit battery cell can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism to avoid affecting adjacent unit battery cells or adjacent battery cell assemblies and causing continuous deflagration.

[0019] Optionally, the first cell end face also has a negative terminal face, and there is an insulating element between the negative terminal face and the positive terminal face. The edge of the negative terminal face near the central axis of the cell is the first edge, and the exposed hole exposes the first edge. The projected distance C between the first edge and the edge inside the exposed hole is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. The gap between the exposed hole and the first edge allows the waterproof layer to directly cover the positive and negative terminal faces. This not only strengthens the insulation isolation in structure, but also allows the waterproof layer to cover the negative terminal face and the insulating element. Once the insulating element is damaged or fails due to aging, the waterproof layer becomes an additional barrier to prevent moisture from entering the cell. At the same time, the waterproof layer covers the negative terminal face and the exposed hole, so that moisture will not seep into the cell end face from the assembly gap of the receiving groove along the length direction of the cell. The positive and negative terminal faces are in contact, thereby avoiding potential short circuits.

[0020] Optionally, the internal height D of the exposed hole is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm. This provides effective support for the cell unit, preventing positional displacement due to vibration or other external forces during normal use, thus improving the overall mechanical stability and safety of the battery pack. A height D less than or equal to 2.5 mm helps to avoid unnecessary material usage while strengthening the support, thereby optimizing the weight of the battery pack and further improving energy efficiency and range performance. This height range design also takes into account the utilization rate of the internal space of the cell. While ensuring strong support, the reasonable setting of the hole height avoids unnecessary occupation of the effective space of the battery pack, allowing the battery pack to maximize capacitance and energy density within a limited space.

[0021] Optionally, the cell support has a receiving groove, and the other end of the receiving groove has an exposed hole that passes through the cell support. The area inside the exposed hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the receiving groove parallel to the exposed hole, and the area of ​​the exposed hole is smaller than the maximum area of ​​the first cell end face extending into the receiving groove, so as to achieve effective positioning.

[0022] Optionally, the waterproof layer is applied to the second end of the cell bracket using either potting or vacuum coating processes. The waterproof layer covers the first and second cell end faces of the unit cell to prevent short circuits caused by contact between the first and second cell end faces and external moisture.

[0023] Optionally, the positioning element is a positioning hole, and the battery cell bracket has a positioning post that mates with the positioning hole. The positioning post has a size of 1mm-10mm, which can achieve effective positioning.

[0024] Optionally, the positioning element is a positioning post with a size of 0.5mm-2mm. The battery cell bracket has a positioning hole that mates with the positioning post. The positioning hole can accommodate part or all of the positioning post, thus achieving effective positioning. Attached Figure Description

[0025] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, and these illustrative descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 This application provides a top perspective view of a tool battery pack according to an embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 This application provides a bottom-view perspective view of a tool battery pack;

[0028] Figure 3 This application provides an internal structural diagram of a tool battery pack;

[0029] Figure 4 An exploded view of the internal structure of a tool battery pack provided in the application embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a single-cell battery provided in the application embodiment;

[0031] Figure 6 This application provides a perspective view of the first end face of a waterproof plate of a tool battery pack;

[0032] Figure 7 This application provides a perspective view of the second end face of a waterproof plate of a tool battery pack;

[0033] Figure 8 This application provides a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the waterproof plate A of a tool battery pack;

[0034] Figure 9 This application provides an embodiment of the assembly relationship between a partial waterproofing membrane, a waterproofing layer, a cell support, and a unit cell;

[0035] Figure 10 This application provides a partial cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a tool battery pack after concealing a waterproof plate and waterproof layer.

[0036] Figure 11 A partial perspective view of the output electrode holder provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 12 A front view of the output electrode holder provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 13 This application provides an embodiment of an internal structure diagram of a tool battery pack;

[0039] Figure 14 A perspective view of a connector provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 15 A front view of a first welding socket provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 16 A front view of a second welding socket provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 17 This application provides a diagram showing the temperature change data of a 60V battery cell and its end face under a 30A discharge mode.

[0043] Figure 18 This application provides a thermal runaway unit cell and adjacent cell temperature change data diagram for a tool battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the various embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been provided in the various embodiments of this application to help readers better understand this application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. The division of the various embodiments below is for the convenience of description and should not constitute any limitation on the specific implementation of this application. The various embodiments can be combined with and referenced by each other without contradiction.

[0045] As can be seen from the background technology, in the existing field of tool battery packs, battery packs are usually composed of 1 parallel cell assembly or 2 parallel cell assembly. The individual cells in the battery pack are arranged in groups, and conductive electrode plates are usually connected to the control board on the end face of the cell. In order to prevent short circuits caused by electrical conduction between the individual cells, waterproof material needs to be covered on the end face of the cell to make the individual cells relatively independent. The traditional waterproofing process usually involves leaving the waterproof material to stand for a period of time before proceeding to the subsequent assembly process, which limits the overall production efficiency due to the curing time of the waterproof material. Meanwhile, traditional tools have low power and charging / discharging requirements, resulting in a low probability of thermal runaway in battery packs. However, as the power of tools continues to increase, the increased charging / discharging speed leads to a widening of the local temperature gradient, significantly increasing the risk of thermal runaway. Thermal runaway cells will experience irreversible overheating, with the end-face temperature of the cell rising sharply. Typically, there will be high-pressure, high-temperature flames in the cell end-face area. If thermal runaway cells are not controlled, the surface temperature of adjacent cells will be affected by the heat propagation from the thermal runaway cell, leading to thermal runaway and spreading to the entire battery pack.

[0046] When a 60V cell 21 is charged at 30A, the temperature rise of the cell end face is about 60°C. As the current intensity increases, the temperature rise of the cell end face will also increase. During the charging and discharging process, if the temperature of the cell end face remains high, when the cell end face temperature reaches 100°C, the surface temperature of adjacent cells will continue to rise as the temperature of the thermal runaway cell increases. When the thermal runaway cell reaches 283.6°C, an irreversible overheating situation will occur, and the end face temperature of the cell will rise sharply. Usually, there will be high pressure and high temperature flames in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. If the thermal runaway cell is not controlled, the surface temperature of adjacent cells will be affected by the heat propagation of the thermal runaway cell, and then thermal runaway will spread to the entire battery pack.

[0047] The inventors of this application, through research on the internal temperature of overheated cells and thermal runaway cells in existing tool-type battery packs, as well as the overall heat transfer of the battery pack, discovered the aforementioned defects and analyzed their causes. Thus, by ingeniously incorporating waterproof components and rationally designing the structure and materials, they overcame the problems of the tool-type battery pack's size and low production efficiency, while also providing rapid pressure relief for thermal runaway cells to prevent secondary thermal runaway triggering, achieving a lightweight, efficient, and safe isolation solution.

[0048] One embodiment, the following will describe in more detail the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings: Please refer to Figures 1-18A tool battery pack includes a housing assembly 1, a cell assembly 2, an output electrode holder 3, and a control device 4. The housing assembly 1 houses the cell assembly 2, the output electrode holder 3, and the control device 4. The control device 4 is connected to the output electrode holder 3 and the cell assembly 2. The housing assembly 1 has a first heat dissipation vent 11, a bracket fixing seat (not shown), an opening 13, and a second heat dissipation vent 14. The opening 13 is located on the housing assembly 1 at a position corresponding to the output electrode holder 3, for tool electrodes to pass through and connect to the output electrode holder 3. A second heat dissipation vent 14 is provided on the side of the battery pack with the opening 13. The first heat dissipation vent 11 and the second heat dissipation vent 14 are arranged opposite each other on the surface of the housing assembly 1. The first heat dissipation vent 11 is an air inlet, and the second heat dissipation vent 14 is a heat dissipation vent. The heat outlet 14 is an air outlet. By setting the first heat dissipation outlet 11 and the second heat dissipation outlet 14 to form a straight air channel, this direct ventilation path helps the airflow pass through the battery pack more efficiently, ensuring that the internal temperature of the battery pack is always maintained within a safe range, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency and reducing the risk of cell overheating and explosion. The bracket fixing seat (not shown in the figure) is set inside the housing assembly 1 on at least one side for fixing the cell assembly 2 to prevent the cell bracket 22 from moving in the housing assembly 1. The total area of ​​the first heat dissipation outlet 11 is larger than the total area of ​​the second heat dissipation outlet 14. After the airflow enters the housing assembly 1 through the first heat dissipation outlet 11, it is discharged from the second heat dissipation outlet 14. The larger area of ​​the first heat dissipation outlet 11 is conducive to drawing in more cold air, so that the cold air can fully contact the cell assembly 2. In one embodiment, the housing assembly 1 further has a third heat dissipation vent 15, which is located on any side of the housing assembly 1 other than the surfaces where the first heat dissipation vent 11 and the second heat dissipation vent 14 are located. The third heat dissipation vent 15 is used to allow airflow from this side into the battery pack. The airflow passing through the third heat dissipation vent 15 and the airflow passing through the first heat dissipation vent 11 converge into a single airflow and exits through the second heat dissipation vent 14. By adding the third heat dissipation vent 15, airflow from different directions can enter the battery pack, which can more evenly distribute the heat of the cell assembly 2 and avoid local overheating. The convergence of airflow inside can more comprehensively and efficiently cover the surface of the cell, maintain the overall thermal balance, and further improve the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack. This not only increases the airflow and improves the efficiency of internal heat exchange, but also ensures that even if a heat dissipation vent is partially blocked by external factors, the battery pack can still dissipate heat through other inlets, ensuring the reliability of the heat dissipation system. This multi-inlet single-outlet heat dissipation method helps to reduce the surface temperature of the cell more quickly.In one embodiment, the housing assembly 1 further has a third heat dissipation vent 15, which is located on any two opposite sides of the housing assembly 1 other than the surfaces where the first heat dissipation vent 11 and the second heat dissipation vent 14 are located. The third heat dissipation vent 15 is used to allow airflow from the opposite sides into the battery pack. The airflow passing through the third heat dissipation vent 15 and the airflow passing through the first heat dissipation vent 11 form a single airflow that exits from the second heat dissipation vent 14. By adding the third heat dissipation vent 15, airflow from different directions can enter the battery pack, which can more evenly distribute the heat of the cell assembly 2 and avoid local overheating. The convergence of airflow inside can more comprehensively and efficiently cover the surface of the cell, maintain the overall thermal balance, and further improve the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack. This not only increases the airflow and improves the efficiency of internal heat exchange, but also ensures that even if a heat dissipation vent is partially blocked by external factors, the battery pack can still dissipate heat through other inlets, ensuring the reliability of the heat dissipation system. This multi-inlet single-outlet heat dissipation method helps to reduce the surface temperature of the cell more quickly. In one embodiment, the total area of ​​the third heat dissipation vent 15 is less than or equal to the total area of ​​the second heat dissipation vent 14, solving the problem of localized overheating caused by a single airflow direction. Lateral or other airflow directions can flow in sufficiently, ensuring uniform heat dissipation throughout the battery cell and preventing performance loss or risks due to localized high temperatures. The refined heat dissipation vent layout allows for better control of temperature gradients in different areas of the device. The multi-inlet, single-outlet layout ensures that even if one heat dissipation vent fails due to external obstruction or other issues, the remaining vents can still ensure sufficient airflow and heat dissipation, thus guaranteeing the continuity and reliability of the system. In another embodiment, the total area of ​​the third heat dissipation vent 15 is greater than the total area of ​​the second heat dissipation vent 14, solving the problem of localized overheating caused by a single airflow direction. Lateral or other airflow directions can flow in sufficiently, ensuring uniform heat dissipation throughout the battery cell and preventing performance loss or risks due to localized high temperatures. The refined heat dissipation vent layout allows for better control of temperature gradients in different areas of the device. The multi-inlet, single-outlet layout ensures that even if one heat dissipation vent fails due to external obstruction or other issues, the remaining vents can still ensure sufficient airflow and heat dissipation, thus guaranteeing the continuity and reliability of the system. In one embodiment, the second heat dissipation vent 14 is located in the central region of the side of the outer casing assembly 1 opposite to the first heat dissipation vent 11, allowing airflow to more evenly cover the surface of the cell assembly 2. The airflow distribution, spreading from the center to the periphery, reduces localized heat concentration and helps maintain temperature uniformity within the battery pack. In another embodiment, the second heat dissipation vent 14 is located in the central region of the side of the outer casing assembly 1 opposite to the first heat dissipation vent 11, and is adjacent to the opening 13. This allows airflow to more evenly cover the surface of the cell assembly 2, and the airflow distribution, spreading from the center to the periphery, reduces localized heat concentration and helps maintain temperature uniformity within the battery pack.In one embodiment, the housing assembly 1 has a locking position 16 for locking the battery pack with a tool to prevent the battery pack from moving. A second heat dissipation vent 14 is located in the central region of the side of the housing assembly 1 with an opening 13 opposite to the first heat dissipation vent 11, between the second heat dissipation vent 14 and the locking position 16. This allows airflow to more evenly cover the surface of the cell assembly 2. The airflow distribution from the center to the periphery reduces local heat concentration and helps maintain temperature uniformity inside the battery pack. In another embodiment, the housing assembly 1 is a two-part assembly, with the housing assembly 1 being a recessed housing with an opening on the top surface or either side, and an end cap connected to the housing from one of the openings; the housing assembly 1 is a three-part assembly, with the housing assembly 1 being a through-hole, one-piece housing with openings on opposite sides, and an end cap connected to the housing from one of the openings; the housing assembly 1 is a four-part assembly, with the housing assembly 1 being a through-hole, split housing with openings on opposite sides, the housings being able to be snapped together vertically, and an end cap connected to the housing from one of the openings. The assembly form of the housing assembly 1 is not specifically limited. In one embodiment, the housing assembly 1 further includes a drain outlet 113, which is disposed on at least one side other than the battery pack surface where the opening 13 is located, for draining water entering the housing assembly 1. See also. Figure 4 The battery cell assembly 2 includes a unit battery cell 21, a battery cell support 22, a waterproof layer 23, and a waterproof component 24; the unit battery cell 21 is a cylindrical battery cell, having a first battery cell end face 211 and a second battery cell end face 212. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 In one embodiment, the first cell end face 211 has a positive terminal face 2111, and the positive terminal face 2111 is a planar end face. See also... Figure 5 In one embodiment, the first cell end face 211 has a positive terminal face 2111, and the positive terminal face 2111 has a cap end face 21111, which protrudes outward from the positive terminal face 2111. See also... Figure 5 , Figure 9-10As shown, in one embodiment, the first cell end face 211 has a positive terminal face 2111 and a negative terminal face 2112. An insulating member 2113 is provided between the negative terminal face 2112 and the positive terminal face 2111 to isolate the positive and negative terminals from contact and prevent short circuits. On the first cell end face 211, the edge of the negative terminal face 2112 near the central axis of the cell 21 is designated as the first edge. An exposed hole 222 exposes the first edge. The projected distance C between the first edge and the edge inside the exposed hole 222 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. The spacing between 222 and the first edge not only strengthens the insulation structurally but also allows the waterproof layer 23 to cover the negative terminal face 2112 and the insulating element 2113. If the insulating element 2113 is damaged or fails due to aging, the waterproof layer 23 becomes an additional barrier, preventing moisture from entering the cell. Simultaneously, the waterproof layer 23 covers the negative terminal face 2112 and the exposed hole 222, preventing moisture from seeping along the length of the cell through the assembly gap in the receiving groove 221. This also prevents the cell end face from contacting the positive and negative terminal faces 2112, thus avoiding potential short circuits. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The cell support 22 has a receiving groove 221, an exposed hole 222, a first end 223, and a second end 224. The first end 223 of the cell support 22 has a receiving groove 221 for accommodating a unit cell 21. One end of the receiving groove 221 has an opening for the unit cell 21 to extend into. The other end of the receiving groove 221 has an exposed hole 222 that penetrates the cell support 22. The area inside the exposed hole 222 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the receiving groove 221 parallel to the exposed hole 222. The area of ​​the exposed hole 222 is smaller than the maximum area of ​​the end face 211 of the first cell extending into the receiving groove 221. The shape of the exposed hole 222 includes, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical, and square shapes. The cell support 22 is securely fixed to the support mounting base 12 within the housing assembly 1 by means of, but not limited to, welding or screw connection, to provide additional structural support and vibration protection. Please refer to... Figure 10 In one embodiment, the cell support 22 has a limiting portion 225 that cooperates with the support fixing seat 12. The limiting portion 225 has a locking element 2251. The locking element 2251 can take various forms, including but not limited to using a screw hole for tightening with screws, or using a first tenon structure for fastening with a second tenon structure on the outer casing assembly 1, or welding the limiting portion 225 to the outer casing assembly 1, or using adhesive bonding, to ensure that the cell support 22 does not move within the outer casing assembly 1. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9In one embodiment, the internal height D of the exposed hole 222 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm. By setting the internal height D of the exposed hole 222 to be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, effective support strength can be achieved for the unit cell 21, preventing the unit cell 21 from shifting position due to vibration or other external forces during normal use, thus improving the overall mechanical stability and safety of the battery pack. A height of less than or equal to 2.5 mm helps to avoid unnecessary material usage while strengthening the support strength, thereby optimizing the weight of the battery pack and further improving energy efficiency and range performance. This height range design takes into account the utilization rate of the internal space of the cell. While ensuring strong support, the reasonable setting of the hole height avoids unnecessary occupation of the effective space of the battery pack, allowing the battery pack to maximize capacitance and energy density within a limited space. The waterproof layer 23 is applied to the second end 224 of the cell support 22 using either potting or vacuum coating processes. The waterproof layer 23 covers the first cell end face 211 and the second cell end face 212 of the unit cell 21 to prevent short circuits caused by contact between the first cell end face 211 and the second cell end face 212 and external moisture. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 6-10 The waterproof component 24 is disposed at the second end 224 of the cell support 22. The waterproof component 24 has a first end face 241 away from the cell support 22 and a second end face 242 close to the cell support 22. At least a partial waterproof layer is formed between the second end face 242 and the cell support 22. Compared with the traditional waterproofing process, which usually requires the waterproofing material to be covered and left to stand for a period of time before proceeding to the subsequent assembly process, thus limiting the overall production efficiency due to the curing time of the waterproofing material, this application, by providing a waterproof component 24 with a second convex surface, allows the waterproofing layer 23 to be covered on the cell support 22 without waiting for the waterproofing layer 23 to dry. Subsequent assembly work is carried out after penetration, which greatly improves the efficiency of the production line, reduces waiting time, and increases production flexibility and response speed. On the other hand, it ensures that the waterproof layer 23 can tightly abut against the end face of the cell through the waterproof component 24, limiting the peeling of the waterproof layer 23 from the end face of the cell due to vibration and scratches. The thickness of the waterproof layer 23 at the cell end face of the exposed hole 222 is thin, so that abnormal cell 21 can quickly break through the weak area of ​​the waterproof layer 23, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding the impact on adjacent cell units or adjacent cell assemblies 2, preventing continuous deflagration. Please refer to Figure 9In one embodiment, the first end face 241 has a first convex surface 2411 at the exposed hole 222, protruding towards the end face of the unit cell 21. The second end face 242 is flat. The waterproof component 24 has the first convex surface 2411 at the exposed hole 222. The waterproof component 24 is formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole 222. When the cell is in an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high pressure and high temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. At this time, the abnormal unit cell 21 can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding affecting adjacent unit cells 21 or adjacent cell assemblies 2, preventing continuous deflagration. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9In one embodiment, the first end face 241 has a first convex surface 2411 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell 21, and the second end face 242 is flat. The distance B between the first convex surface 2411 and the second end face 242 is greater than 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. By setting the range of the distance B between the first convex surface 2411 and the second end face 242, the thickness of the weak area can be controlled as much as possible to make it easier to break through. At the same time, it effectively prevents the problem of the waterproof layer being broken due to improper operation during the pressing process. It ensures that while providing waterproof protection, it provides a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by defining the range of B, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the second end face 242 is non-planar, and the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell 21. The distance A2 between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process, which can not only ensure quality control in mass production, but also improve the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the second end face 242 is non-planar, and the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell 11. The distance A2 between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process, which can not only ensure quality control in mass production, but also improve the stability of the production process.In one embodiment, the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes toward the end face of the unit cell 21. The distance between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than 1 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than 1.5 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222, protruding towards the end face of the unit cell 11. The distance A2 between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm. By clearly defining the ranges of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible to ensure effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the ranges of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 17 In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is a non-metallic material with a thermal softening temperature greater than or equal to 90°C, such as... Figure 17As shown, during the charging process of a 60V cell 21 at a discharge rate of 30A, the temperature rise of the cell end face is approximately 60°C. As the current intensity increases, the temperature rise of the cell end face also increases. To protect the cell 21, during the charging and discharging process, in the event of an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high-pressure, high-temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. At this time, the temperature of the cell end face is usually above 100°C. By setting the waterproof component 24 to a non-metallic material with a thermal softening temperature greater than or equal to 90°C, the waterproof component 24 can soften on its own during the abnormal heating process of the cell 21. At this time, the abnormal cell 21 can more quickly break through the waterproof component in the weak area, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding continuous explosion of adjacent cell 21 or adjacent cell assembly 2. At the same time, during the normal heating process of the cell 21, it is unaffected by the temperature rise, thus providing a stable and effective waterproof effect. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is made of ABS, PC, PP, PE, nylon, PA, or GF. By setting the waterproof component 24 to ABS, PC, PP, PE, nylon, PA, or GF, the waterproof component 24 can soften on its own during the abnormal heating process of the cell 21. At this time, the abnormal cell 21 can more quickly break through the waterproof component in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding continuous deflagration of adjacent cell 21s or adjacent cell assemblies 2. At the same time, during the normal heating process of the cell 21, it can be unaffected by the temperature rise, thereby providing a stable and effective waterproof effect. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is a waterproof plate of the same thickness, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. The waterproof component 24 has a first convex surface 2411 and a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222, which protrude towards the end face of the unit cell 21. The first convex surface 2411 and the second convex surface are formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole 222. When the cell is in an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high pressure and high temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. At this time, the abnormal unit cell 21 can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism to avoid affecting the adjacent unit cells 21 or the adjacent cell assembly 2 and causing continuous deflagration. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is a waterproof plate of uneven thickness. The thickness of the waterproof component 24 at the exposed hole 222 is less than the thickness of the waterproof component 24 outside the exposed hole 222. The waterproof component 24 is formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole 222. When the battery cell experiences an abnormal overheating condition, there is usually a high-pressure, high-temperature flame in the area of ​​the first battery cell end face 211. At this time, the abnormal unit battery cell 21 can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding affecting adjacent unit battery cells 21 or adjacent battery cell assemblies 2, preventing continuous deflagration. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 has a positioning component 226, which is a positioning hole. A positioning post is disposed on the cell support 22, and the positioning post has a size of 1mm-10mm to achieve effective positioning. In another embodiment, the waterproof component 24 has a positioning component 226, which is a positioning post with a size of 0.5mm-2mm. A positioning hole is disposed on the cell support 22, and the positioning hole can accommodate part or all of the positioning. In yet another embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is fitted into the cell support 22 for limiting, and the implementation includes, but is not limited to, mortise and tenon joints, welding, bonding, and other connection methods. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 10-12The output electrode holder 3 has a terminal assembly 32 and a terminal fixing seat 33. The terminal fixing seat 33 has a guide groove 331, a fixing end 332, and a waterproof space 333. The guide groove 331 is used to guide the correct insertion direction of the tool electrode to avoid short circuits caused by incorrect installation, and at the same time, it can stabilize the tool electrode to ensure its effective connection with the control device 4. The fixing end 332 is used for fixed connection with the control device 4. The waterproof space 333 includes a first waterproof space 3331 and a second waterproof space 3332. The first waterproof space 3331 is the assembly gap between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the terminal assembly 32 when the terminal fixing seat 33 limits the terminal assembly 32. The second waterproof space 333... 3332 is the assembly gap between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the control device 4. The second waterproof space 3332 has at least one inlet 33321. The inlet 33321 is located between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the control device 4. The position of the inlet 33321 is designed to facilitate the rapid and uniform penetration and filling of the second waterproof space 3332 during operation, thereby achieving a highly efficient waterproof effect during installation and maintenance, and ensuring the safe operation of the control device for a long time. The second waterproof space 3332 is fully filled, providing a basic waterproof barrier for the terminal assembly 32, protecting the internal structure from moisture and contaminants that could cause the control board to malfunction. In one embodiment, the fixed end 332 has a columnar shape with a height greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. The first end of the fixed end 332 is connected to the terminal fixing seat 33, and the second end is connected to the control device 4. The fixed end 332 supports the terminal fixing seat 33, preventing contact between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the control device 4. The second waterproof space 3332 is the projection area of ​​the terminal fixing seat 33 onto the control device 4, representing a non-contact space between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the control device 4. In another embodiment, the terminal fixing seat 33 has a protruding fixed end 332 on the side near the control device 4. The fixed end 332 is connected to the control device 4, supporting the terminal fixing seat 33 and preventing contact between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the control device 4. The second waterproof space 3332 is the projection area of ​​the terminal fixing seat 33 onto the control device 4, representing a non-contact space between the terminal fixing seat 33 and the control device 4. In one embodiment, the waterproof materials of the first waterproof space 3331 and the second waterproof space 3332 are encapsulated in one step by vacuum coating. At this time, the height distance of the inlet 33321 is greater than or equal to 0.5mm, and / or the minimum height distance of the second waterproof space 3332 is greater than or equal to 0.5mm. With a distance of greater than or equal to 0.5mm, under the vacuum coating process and the compression of the overall size of the battery pack, the waterproof material can be better filled in the second waterproof space 3332, avoiding the situation that the central area of ​​the second waterproof space 3332 is not filled properly or the waterproof material is unevenly distributed in the second waterproof space 3332.In one embodiment, the waterproof materials of the first waterproof space 3331 and the second waterproof space 3332 are encapsulated in one step by low-pressure injection molding. At this time, the height distance of the inlet 33321 is greater than or equal to 0.8mm, and / or the minimum height distance of the second waterproof space 3332 is greater than or equal to 0.8mm. With a distance of greater than or equal to 0.8mm, under the low-pressure injection molding process and the compression of the overall size of the battery pack, the waterproof material can be better and more fully filled in the second waterproof space 3332, avoiding the situation that the central area of ​​the second waterproof space 3332 is not filled properly or the waterproof material is unevenly distributed in the second waterproof space 3332. In one embodiment, the waterproof materials in the first waterproof space 3331 and the second waterproof space 3332 are encapsulated by potting. At this time, the height distance of the inlet 33321 is greater than or equal to 0.5mm, and / or the minimum height distance of the second waterproof space 3332 is greater than or equal to 0.5mm. With this greater than or equal to 0.5mm distance, under the potting process and the compression of the overall battery pack size, the waterproof material can be better and more fully filled in the second waterproof space 3332, avoiding incomplete filling in the central area of ​​the second waterproof space 3332 and uneven distribution of the waterproof material within the second waterproof space 3332. The control device 4 is mounted on the cell support 22. The control device 4 has a control board 41 and a connector 42. The control board 41 has at least a control module and a communication module. The control board 41 is connected to the unit cell 21 through the connector 42 from the exposed hole 222 to at least realize communication and control functions. The control module is used to adjust parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in the battery pack to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the entire system. The communication module is used to exchange data with external devices to monitor the working status of the battery pack. Please see below. Figures 14-16The connector 42 has a single cell detection component 421 and a connecting electrode 422. The single cell detection component 421 has a first connecting end 4211 and a second connecting end 4212. The first connecting end 4211 is connected to the connecting electrode 422. The connecting electrode 422 is connected to the unit cell 21 through the exposed hole 222. The second connecting end 4212 is connected to the control board 41 through a welding process to avoid the situation where messy power lines are connected to the control board through the terminals, resulting in poor terminal waterproofing and inconvenience for maintenance inside the battery pack. In one embodiment, the second connection terminal 4212 has a first pad 42121 corresponding to at least the number of cell 21 units, and the control board 41 has a second pad 411 corresponding to at least the number of first pads 42121 on the second connection terminal 4212. The area of ​​the first pad 42121 is less than or equal to that of the second pad 411. By making the area of ​​the first pad 42121 less than or equal to that of the second pad 411, the smaller area of ​​the first pad 42121 allows it to be fully attached to the larger second pad 411, reducing the possible short circuit risk between adjacent pads, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the circuit, providing good thermal conductivity and electrical connection. At the same time, the smaller pad acts on the larger pad during thermal expansion, which can reduce the mechanical stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction, thereby reducing fatigue of the solder joint and potential solder cracking problems. This configuration can increase the mechanical strength of the solder and improve the stability and durability of the connection. In one embodiment, the second connection end 4212 has at least a first pad 42121 corresponding to the number of unit cells 21, and the control board 41 has at least a second pad 411 corresponding to the number of first pads 42121 of the second connection end 4212. The first pad 42121 has at least one through hole 42122 penetrating the first pad 42121. The ratio of the diameter of the through hole 42122 to the width of the first pad 42121 is less than or equal to 1:2. By setting the ratio of the diameter of the through hole 42122 to the width of the first pad 42121 to less than or equal to 1:2, the penetration ability of the solder during the welding process is enhanced, the mechanical strength and the firmness of the conductive connection are improved, and the through hole allows the solder to fill better, forming a more robust connection with better conductivity.In one embodiment, the second connection terminal 4212 has at least a first pad 42121 corresponding to the number of cell 21, and the control board 41 has at least a second pad 411 corresponding to the number of first pads 42121 of the second connection terminal 4212. In the first pad 42121 and / or the second pad 411, the minimum spacing e between adjacent pads is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. By having the minimum spacing e between adjacent pads greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm, the risk of short circuits caused by solder bridging or conductive particle contamination can be effectively reduced. At the same time, it can also reduce welding defects caused by deviations in the manufacturing process. During manufacturing and operation, the increased spacing provides greater error tolerance for welding and subsequent operations, enhances the safety and reliability of the overall circuit, prevents crosstalk between signals, improves signal integrity and transmission efficiency, and each pad area can effectively dissipate heat, avoiding local overheating problems caused by excessive concentration. The increased pad spacing allows for better heat dissipation and management. In one embodiment, the second connection terminal 4212 has at least a first pad 42121 corresponding to the number of cell 21, and the control board 41 has at least a second pad 411 corresponding to the number of first pads 42121 of the second connection terminal 4212. The distance f between the peripheral components and the adjacent soldering area of ​​the first pad 42121 and / or the second pad 411 is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 25 mm. By setting f to be greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 25 mm, the distance between the pads and the peripheral components can be increased, which helps to reduce the mutual influence of electromagnetic interference. This physical isolation can reduce signal coupling on the circuit board, improve signal integrity, and ensure more stable electrical performance. At the same time, the larger distance between the components and the pads reduces the risk of short circuits caused by accidental contact or material bridging (such as solder overflow), providing a greater safety margin for production and subsequent equipment operation. Furthermore, the increased distance improves the heat dissipation capability of the circuit board, allowing heat to be conducted away more effectively from high-heat areas, preventing local overheating and heat accumulation problems. In one embodiment, the tin plating thickness of the first pad 42121 and / or the second pad 411 is 0.05-0.15 mm. By controlling the tin plating thickness to 0.05-0.15 mm, excessive solder flow during the soldering process can be reduced, lowering the risk of solder bridges and short circuits, thereby improving the electrical isolation effect of the soldering area. In another embodiment, the following will describe the embodiments of this application in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: A tool battery pack includes a housing assembly 1, a cell assembly 2, an output electrode holder 3, and a control device 4; the housing assembly 1 has a bracket fixing seat (not shown) and an opening 13 for accommodating the cell assembly, the output electrode holder, and the control device; the opening 13 is disposed on the housing assembly 1 corresponding to the output electrode holder 3 for a tool electrode to pass through and connect to the output electrode holder 3; the bracket fixing seat (not shown) is disposed on at least one side inside the housing assembly 1 to fix the cell assembly 2. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 The battery cell assembly 2 includes a unit battery cell 21, a battery cell support 22, a waterproof layer 23, and a waterproof component 24; the unit battery cell 21 is a cylindrical battery cell, having a first battery cell end face 211 and a second battery cell end face 212. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 In one embodiment, the first cell end face 211 has a positive terminal face 2111, and the positive terminal face 2111 is a planar end face. See also... Figure 5 In one embodiment, the first cell end face 211 has a positive terminal face 2111, and the positive terminal face 2111 has a cap end face 21111, which protrudes outward from the positive terminal face 2111. See also... Figure 5 , Figure 9 In one embodiment, the first cell end face 211 has a positive terminal face 2111 and a negative terminal face 2112. An insulating member 2113 is provided between the negative terminal face 2112 and the positive terminal face 2111 to isolate the positive and negative terminals from contact and prevent short circuits. On the first cell end face 211, the edge of the negative terminal face 2112 near the central axis of the cell 21 is designated as the first edge. An exposed hole 222 exposes the first edge. The projected distance C between the first edge and the edge inside the exposed hole 222 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. The spacing between 22 and the first edge not only strengthens the insulation structurally but also allows the waterproof layer 23 to cover the negative terminal face 2112 and the insulating element 2113. If the insulating element 2113 is damaged or fails due to aging, the waterproof layer 23 acts as an additional barrier, preventing moisture from entering the cell. Simultaneously, the waterproof layer 23 covers the negative terminal face 2112 and the exposed hole 222, preventing moisture from seeping along the length of the cell through the assembly gap in the receiving groove 221. This also prevents the cell end face from contacting the positive and negative terminal faces 2112, thus avoiding potential short circuits. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The cell support 22 has a receiving groove 221, an exposed hole 222, a first end 223, and a second end 224. The first end 223 of the cell support 22 has a receiving groove 221 for accommodating a unit cell 21. One end of the receiving groove 221 has an opening for the unit cell 21 to extend into. The other end of the receiving groove 221 has an exposed hole 222 that penetrates the cell support 22. The area inside the exposed hole 222 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the receiving groove 221 parallel to the exposed hole 222. The area of ​​the exposed hole 222 is smaller than the maximum area of ​​the end face 211 of the first cell extending into the receiving groove 221. The shape of the exposed hole 222 includes, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical, and square shapes. The cell support 22 is securely fixed to the support mounting base 12 within the housing assembly 1 by means of, but not limited to, welding or screw connection, to provide additional structural support and vibration protection. Please refer to... Figure 10In one embodiment, the cell support 22 has a limiting portion 225 that cooperates with the support fixing seat 12. The limiting portion 225 has a locking element (not shown in the figure). The locking element (not shown in the figure) can take the form of, but is not limited to, using a screw hole for tightening with a screw, or using a first tenon structure for fastening with a second tenon structure on the housing assembly 1, or welding the limiting portion 225 to the housing assembly 1, or using adhesive bonding, etc., to ensure that the cell support 22 does not move within the housing assembly 1. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 In one embodiment, the internal height D of the exposed hole 222 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm. By setting the internal height D of the exposed hole 222 to be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, effective support strength can be achieved for the unit cell 21, preventing the unit cell 21 from shifting position due to vibration or other external forces during normal use, thus improving the overall mechanical stability and safety of the battery pack. A height of less than or equal to 2.5 mm helps to avoid unnecessary material usage while strengthening the support strength, thereby optimizing the weight of the battery pack and further improving energy efficiency and range performance. This height range design takes into account the utilization rate of the internal space of the cell. While ensuring strong support, the reasonable setting of the hole height avoids unnecessary occupation of the effective space of the battery pack, allowing the battery pack to maximize capacitance and energy density within a limited space. The waterproof layer 23 is applied to the second end 224 of the cell support 22 using either potting or vacuum coating processes. The waterproof layer 23 covers the first cell end face 211 and the second cell end face 212 of the unit cell 21 to prevent short circuits caused by contact between the first cell end face 211 and the second cell end face 212 and external moisture. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 6-10 The waterproof component 24 is disposed at the second end 224 of the cell support 22. The waterproof component 24 has a first end face 241 away from the cell support 22 and a second end face 242 close to the cell support 22. At least a partial waterproof layer is formed between the second end face 242 and the cell support 22. By adding the waterproof component 24, subsequent assembly work can be performed after the waterproof layer 23 has been applied to the cell support 22 without waiting for the waterproof layer to dry completely. This greatly improves production line efficiency, reduces waiting time, and enhances production flexibility and response speed. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9In one embodiment, the first end face 241 has a first convex surface 2411 at the exposed hole 222, protruding towards the end face of the unit cell 21. The second end face 242 is flat. The waterproof component 24 has the first convex surface 2411 at the exposed hole 222. The waterproof component 24 is formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole 222. When the cell is in an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high pressure and high temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. At this time, the abnormal unit cell 21 can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding affecting adjacent unit cells 21 or adjacent cell assemblies 2, preventing continuous deflagration. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9In one embodiment, the first end face 241 has a first convex surface 2411 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell 21, and the second end face 242 is flat. The distance B between the first convex surface 2411 and the second end face 242 is greater than 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. By setting the range of the distance B between the first convex surface 2411 and the second end face 242, the thickness of the weak area can be controlled as much as possible to make it easier to break through. At the same time, it effectively prevents the problem of the waterproof layer being broken due to improper operation during the pressing process. It ensures that while providing waterproof protection, it provides a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by defining the range of B, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production, but also improves the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the second end face 242 is non-planar, and the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell 21. The distance A2 between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process, which can not only ensure quality control in mass production, but also improve the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the second end face 242 is non-planar, and the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes towards the end face of the unit cell 11. The distance A2 between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process, which can not only ensure quality control in mass production, but also improve the stability of the production process.In one embodiment, the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222 that protrudes toward the end face of the unit cell 21. The distance between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than 1 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than 1.5 mm. By clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the range of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the second end face 242 has a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222, protruding towards the end face of the unit cell 11. The distance A2 between the second convex surface 2421 and the positive end face 2111 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm, or the distance A1 between the second convex surface 2421 and the cap end face 21111 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm. By clearly defining the ranges of A1 and A2, the thickness of the waterproof layer in the weak area can be controlled as much as possible under effective waterproof protection, providing a clear and controlled safe pressure relief channel for abnormal situations such as high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, by clearly defining the ranges of A1 and A2, the controllability and consistency of the thickness of the weak area can be maintained during the manufacturing process. This not only ensures quality control in mass production but also improves the stability of the production process. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is a non-metallic material with a thermal softening temperature greater than or equal to 90°C, such as... Figure 17As shown, during the charging process of a 60V cell 21 at a discharge rate of 30A, the temperature rise of the cell end face is approximately 60°C. As the current intensity increases, the temperature rise of the cell end face also increases. To protect the cell 21, during the charging and discharging process, in the event of an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high-pressure, high-temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. At this time, the temperature of the cell end face is usually above 100°C. By setting the waterproof component 24 to a non-metallic material with a thermal softening temperature greater than or equal to 90°C, the waterproof component 24 can soften on its own during the abnormal heating process of the cell 21. At this time, the abnormal cell 21 can more quickly break through the waterproof component in the weak area, thus providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding continuous explosion of adjacent cell 21 or adjacent cell assembly 2. At the same time, during the normal heating process of the cell 21, it is unaffected by the temperature rise, thus providing a stable and effective waterproof effect. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is made of ABS, PC, PP, PE, nylon, PA, or GF. By setting the waterproof component 24 to ABS, PC, PP, PE, nylon, PA, or GF, the waterproof component 24 can soften on its own during the abnormal heating process of the cell 21. At this time, the abnormal cell 21 can more quickly break through the waterproof component in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding continuous deflagration of adjacent cell 21s or adjacent cell assemblies 2. At the same time, during the normal heating process of the cell 21, it can be unaffected by the temperature rise, thereby providing a stable and effective waterproof effect. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is a waterproof plate of the same thickness, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. The waterproof component 24 has a first convex surface 2411 and a second convex surface 2421 at the exposed hole 222, which protrude towards the end face of the unit cell 21. The first convex surface 2411 and the second convex surface are formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole 222. When the cell is in an abnormal overheating situation, there is usually a high pressure and high temperature flame in the area of ​​the first cell end face 211. At this time, the abnormal unit cell 21 can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism to avoid affecting the adjacent unit cells 21 or the adjacent cell assembly 2 and causing continuous deflagration. In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is a waterproof plate of uneven thickness. The thickness of the waterproof component 24 at the exposed hole 222 is less than the thickness of the waterproof component 24 outside the exposed hole 222. The waterproof component 24 is formed in the weak area of ​​the exposed hole 222. When the battery cell experiences an abnormal overheating condition, there is usually a high-pressure, high-temperature flame in the area of ​​the first battery cell end face 211. At this time, the abnormal unit battery cell 21 can quickly break through the waterproof plate in the weak area, thereby providing a safe pressure release mechanism and avoiding affecting adjacent unit battery cells 21 or adjacent battery cell assemblies 2, preventing continuous deflagration. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4In one embodiment, the waterproof component 24 has a positioning component 226, which is a positioning hole. A positioning post is disposed on the cell support 22, and the positioning post has a size of 1mm-10mm to achieve effective positioning. In another embodiment, the waterproof component 24 has a positioning component 226, which is a positioning post with a size of 0.5mm-2mm. A positioning hole is disposed on the cell support 22, and the positioning hole can accommodate part or all of the positioning. In yet another embodiment, the waterproof component 24 is fitted into the cell support 22 for limiting, and the implementation methods include, but are not limited to, mortise and tenon joints, welding, bonding, and other connection processes. The output electrode holder 3 has a terminal assembly 32 and a terminal fixing seat 33. The terminal assembly 32 is installed in the terminal fixing seat 33, and the terminal fixing seat 33 limits the terminal assembly 32. The terminal fixing seat 33 is fixedly connected to the control board, and the terminal assembly 32 is connected to the control device 4. The terminal fixing seat 33 has a guide groove 331, which guides the correct insertion direction of the tool electrode to avoid short circuits caused by incorrect installation. At the same time, it can stabilize the tool electrode and ensure its effective connection with the control device 4. The control device 4 is set on the cell support 22. The control device 4 has a control board 41 and a connector 42. The control board has at least a control module and a communication module. The control board 41 is connected to the unit cell 21 through the exposed hole 222 via the connector 42 to at least realize communication and control functions. The control module has parameters such as voltage, current and temperature in the battery pack to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the entire system. The communication module is used to exchange data with external devices to monitor the working status of the battery pack.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific embodiments for implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to them in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of this application.

Claims

1. A tool battery pack comprising a housing assembly, a cell assembly, an output electrode holder, a control device, and a waterproof layer, wherein the housing assembly is used to house the cell assembly, the output electrode holder, and the control device; the control device is connected to the output electrode holder and the cell assembly; the cell assembly comprises a cell support and a unit cell mounted on the cell support, the cell support having a first end and a second end, the second end having an exposed hole, and the waterproof layer being disposed at the second end of the cell support, characterized in that: It also includes a waterproof component and a positioning component that connects the waterproof component to the cell support. The waterproof component is disposed at the second end of the cell support. The waterproof component has a first end face away from the cell support and a second end face close to the cell support. At least part of the waterproof layer is between the second end face and the cell support. The second end face has a second convex surface at the exposed hole that protrudes toward the end face of the cell unit.

2. The tool battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end face has a first convex surface at the exposed hole that protrudes toward the end face of the cell.

3. A tool battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance B between the first convex surface and the second end surface is greater than 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.

4. A tool battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cell has a first cell end face and a second cell end face. The first cell end face has a positive terminal face, and the distance A2 between the second convex face and the positive terminal face is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

5. A tool battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that... : The distance A2 between the second convex surface and the positive end face is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm.

6. A tool battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that... : The distance A2 between the second convex surface and the positive end face is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than 1.2 mm.

7. A tool battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positive end face has a cap end face, and the distance A1 between the second convex surface and the cap end face is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

8. A tool battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that... : The distance A1 between the second convex surface and the end face of the cap is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than 2 mm.

9. A tool battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that... : The distance A1 between the second convex surface and the end face of the cap is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than 1.5 mm.

10. A tool battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that... : The distance A1 between the second convex surface and the end face of the cap is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than 1.2 mm.

11. A tool battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that... : The waterproof component is a non-metallic material with a heat softening temperature greater than or equal to 90°C.

12. A tool battery pack according to claim 11, characterized in that... : The waterproof component is any one of ABS, PC, PP, PE, PA, or GF.

13. A tool battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the waterproof component is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.

14. A tool battery pack according to claim 13, characterized in that: The waterproof component is a waterproof plate with uneven thickness, and the thickness of the waterproof component at the exposed hole is less than or equal to the thickness of the waterproof component outside the exposed hole.

15. A tool battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first cell end face also has a negative terminal face, and there is an isolation member between the negative terminal face and the positive terminal face. The edge of the negative terminal face near the central axis of the cell is the first edge, and the exposed hole exposes the first edge. The projection distance C between the first edge and the edge inside the exposed hole is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm.

16. A tool battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height D inside the exposed hole is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm.

17. A tool battery pack according to claim 16, characterized in that: The cell support has a receiving groove, and the other end of the receiving groove has an exposed hole that passes through the cell support. The area inside the exposed hole is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the receiving groove that is parallel to the exposed hole, and the area of ​​the exposed hole is smaller than the maximum area of ​​the end face of the first cell that extends into the receiving groove.

18. A tool battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waterproof layer is applied to the second end of the cell bracket using either potting or vacuum coating processes, and the waterproof layer covers the first cell end face and the second cell end face of the unit cell.

19. A tool battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning element is a positioning hole, and the battery cell bracket has a positioning post that mates with the positioning hole. The size of the positioning post is 1mm-10mm.

20. A tool battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning element is a positioning post with a size of 0.5mm-2mm. The battery cell bracket has a positioning hole that mates with the positioning post, and the positioning hole can accommodate part or all of the positioning post.

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