Anti-freezing reinforced concrete panel
By embedding an electric heat tracing system, including panel reinforcement and electric heat tracing tape, in the concrete panels of hydropower and water conservancy projects, the problem of panel damage caused by freezing was solved, the anti-freezing effect of the panels was achieved, and the safety and operational stability of the project were improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
In cold or frigid regions, water-retaining structures in hydropower and water conservancy projects can freeze due to reservoir water seeping into the capillary pores and cracks of the concrete. This can lead to ice pressure, frost heave, and dragging and ice pull-out caused by water level fluctuations, resulting in panel damage and leakage, which affects the safety of the project.
The steel reinforcement of the concrete panel is embedded and electric heating tape is tied to it. The panel is heated by the electric heating power supply system to prevent ice from sticking to the panel. This includes the installation of self-limiting low temperature electric heating tape and cold wire, as well as the use of intelligent control and alarm system.
It effectively prevents freezing damage to the panels, reduces repair costs, improves project safety and panel quality, and ensures stable reservoir operation.
Smart Images
Figure CN224133651U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of water-retaining structures in hydropower and water conservancy projects, and specifically relates to an anti-freezing reinforced concrete panel. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, most water-retaining structures in hydropower and water conservancy projects use reinforced concrete panels for seepage prevention. Reservoir water can seep into the capillary pores and cracks of the concrete panels, as well as into the water-stopping structures of the panel expansion joints. In reservoirs in cold or frigid regions, this seeping water will freeze simultaneously with the reservoir water in winter, forming a frozen whole. This not only generates enormous ice pressure and frost heave, but the rise and fall of the ice surface caused by water level changes also exerts a huge dragging and lifting effect on the panels. As a result, the concrete panels are constantly frozen and thawed, eroding and eventually exposing the reinforcing steel. The water-stopping structure and the surrounding panels used to fix the water stop are often damaged, leading to serious reservoir leakage and even the possibility of structural instability and dam failure, requiring repeated repairs at great expense. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a frost-resistant reinforced concrete panel, which can effectively solve the above problems.
[0004] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:
[0005] This utility model provides a frost-resistant reinforced concrete panel, including a concrete panel, panel reinforcement (2) and an electric heat tracing system (1); wherein, the electric heat tracing system (1) includes an electric heat tracing power supply system (1.1) and an electric heat tracing cable (1.2);
[0006] The panel reinforcement (2) and the electric heating tape (1.2) are embedded in the concrete panel, and the electric heating tape (1.2) is tied and fixed to the panel reinforcement (2); the electric heating power supply system (1.1) is located outside the concrete panel and connected to the electric heating tape (1.2).
[0007] Preferably, the electric heating cable (1.2) is of the corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant type and is laid along the panel steel bars (2) above the dead water level of the reservoir.
[0008] Preferably, the panel reinforcement (2) includes horizontal panel reinforcement (2.1) and slope-direction panel reinforcement (2.2);
[0009] The electric heating tape (1.2) includes a self-limiting cryogenic electric heating tape (1.2.1), a cold conductor (1.2.2), and a junction box (1.2.3);
[0010] The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) is laid along the horizontal panel reinforcement (2.1) in the area from the dead water level to the normal water level of the reservoir; the cold conductor (1.2.2) is laid along the slope panel reinforcement (2.2) above the dead water level of the reservoir to the top of the dam or the top of the reservoir.
[0011] The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) at the same elevation is laid out along the length or in sections within the concrete panels of the dam and reservoir basin, and is connected to the cold conductor (1.2.2) and the electric heating power supply system (1.1) through the corresponding junction box (1.2.3) to form a separate heating circuit.
[0012] Preferably, the material of the electric heating tape (1.2) is as follows: if the extreme minimum temperature of the top concrete of the concrete panel is not lower than -30°C, a fluoroplastic or polyethylene substrate is used; if it is not lower than -40°C, a polyethylene substrate is used.
[0013] Preferably, the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) has a width of 8mm to 16mm and a thickness of 3.2mm to 8mm, and is wrapped with an outer sheath made of low-temperature resistant material, the outer sheath having a thickness of 0.4mm to 0.8mm.
[0014] Preferably, the junction box (1.2.3) includes: a power junction box at the connection between the electric heating power supply system (1.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2); a straight junction box at the extended connection between the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2); an L-shaped or T-shaped junction box at the intersection of the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2); and a terminal junction box at the ends of the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2).
[0015] Preferably, the electric heat tracing system (1) further includes an electric heat tracing intelligent control and alarm system (1.3), which includes a temperature sensor, a high-definition camera, a pressure gauge, an alarm device, and a controller; the controller is connected to the temperature sensor, the high-definition camera, the pressure gauge, the alarm device, and the electric heat tracing system (1) respectively.
[0016] Preferably, the diameter of the panel reinforcement (2) is 16mm to 25mm, the spacing is 15cm to 25cm, and it is laid in the concrete on the water-facing side of the concrete panel, and the thickness of its concrete protective layer is not less than 8cm.
[0017] The anti-freezing reinforced concrete panel provided by this utility model has the following advantages:
[0018] The electric heat tracing system installed with the reinforced concrete panel features high thermal efficiency, simple design, no pollution, long service life, and remote automatic control. The electric heat tracing tape is laid along with the steel reinforcement of the panel, making construction and installation convenient. By heating the panel in the frozen area, it ensures that the ice in the reservoir does not stick to the panel during operation, avoiding the ice pressure and frost heave on the panel, as well as the dragging and ice-pulling effects caused by the rise and fall of the ice surface. This reduces the freeze-thaw erosion of the panel concrete and the damage to the water-stop structure, greatly reducing repair costs, improving the overall quality of the panel and the operational safety of the project, and has broad guiding and promotional significance. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 A plan view of a freeze-resistant reinforced concrete panel provided by this utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A-A cross-section.
[0021] in:
[0022] 1-Electric heat tracing system; 1.1-Electric heat tracing power supply system; 1.2-Electric heat tracing tape; 1.2.1-Self-limiting low-temperature electric heat tracing tape; 1.2.2-Cold wire; 1.2.3-Gathering box; 1.3-Intelligent control and alarm system for electric heat tracing;
[0023] 2- Panel reinforcement; 2.1- Horizontal panel reinforcement; 2.2- Slope-direction panel reinforcement. Detailed Implementation
[0024] To make the technical problems solved, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.
[0025] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an anti-freezing reinforced concrete panel. By using an electric heating system installed with the panel, the problem of ice sticking to the panel during reservoir operation is solved. This completely solves the technical problems such as the ice pressure and frost heave on the panel, the dragging and ice-pulling effects caused by the rise and fall of the ice surface, the freeze-thaw erosion of the panel concrete, and the repeated repairs after damage to the water-stop structure, which are costly and affect the overall quality of the panel and the operational safety of the project.
[0026] refer to Figures 1-2 This utility model provides a frost-resistant reinforced concrete panel, including a concrete panel, panel reinforcement 2, and an electric heat tracing system 1; wherein, the electric heat tracing system 1 includes an electric heat tracing power supply system 1.1 and an electric heat tracing tape 1.2;
[0027] The panel reinforcement 2 and the electric heating cable 1.2 are embedded in the concrete panel, and the electric heating cable 1.2 is tied and fixed to the panel reinforcement 2; the electric heating power supply system 1.1 is located outside the concrete panel and is connected to the electric heating cable 1.2.
[0028] Specifically, the panel reinforcement 2 includes horizontal panel reinforcement 2.1 and slope-direction panel reinforcement 2.2; the diameter of the panel reinforcement 2 is 16mm to 25mm, the spacing is 15cm to 25cm, and it is laid in the concrete on the water-facing side of the concrete panel, but the thickness of the concrete protective layer in cold regions is not less than 8cm, and the thickness of the concrete protective layer in severely cold regions is not less than 10cm.
[0029] The electric heating cable 1.2 is of corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant type and is laid along the panel steel bars 2 above the dead water level of the reservoir. The electric heating cable 1.2 includes a self-limiting low temperature electric heating cable 1.2.1, a cold wire 1.2.2 and a junction box 1.2.3.
[0030] The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating cable 1.2.1 is laid along the horizontal panel reinforcement 2.1 in the area from the dead water level to the normal water level of the reservoir; the cold conductor 1.2.2 is laid along the slope panel reinforcement 2.2 above the dead water level of the reservoir to the top of the dam or the reservoir; the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating cable 1.2.1 at the same elevation can be laid continuously or in sections within the concrete panel of the dam and reservoir according to the dam and reservoir basin and their shaded or sunny conditions, and connected to the cold conductor 1.2.2 and the electric heating power supply system 1.1 through the corresponding junction box 1.2.3 to form a separate heating circuit.
[0031] The panel reinforcement 2 has properties such as impact resistance, cold bending resistance, water and heat resistance, corrosion resistance, flame retardancy, and explosion resistance that meet the requirements of panel construction and long-term operation.
[0032] The material of the electric heating cable 1.2 is determined based on the extreme minimum temperature of the concrete on its top panel. When the temperature is not lower than -30°C, fluoroplastic or polyethylene substrate can be used, and when the temperature is not lower than -40°C, polyethylene substrate can be used.
[0033] The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating cable 1.2.1 has a nominal power of not less than 30W / m, a rated voltage of 110V or 220V, a maximum maintenance temperature of 65℃, a maximum surface temperature of 80℃, a maximum withstand temperature of 90℃, a width of 8mm to 16mm, and a thickness of 3.2mm to 8mm.
[0034] The self-limiting cryogenic electric heating cable 1.2.1 is wrapped with an outer sheath made of low-temperature resistant materials such as high-density polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, with a thickness of 0.4mm to 0.8mm.
[0035] The junction box 1.2.3 includes: a power junction box at the connection between the electric heating power supply system 1.1 and the cold wire 1.2.2; a straight junction box at the connection between the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape 1.2.1 and the extended cold wire 1.2.2; an L-shaped or T-shaped junction box at the intersection of the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape 1.2.1 and the cold wire 1.2.2; and a terminal junction box at the ends of the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape 1.2.1 and the cold wire 1.2.2.
[0036] In practical applications, as a preferred embodiment, the electric heat tracing system 1 also includes an intelligent control and alarm system 1.3. This intelligent control and alarm system 1.3 includes a temperature sensor, a high-definition camera, a pressure gauge, an alarm device, and a controller. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor, the high-definition camera, the pressure gauge, the alarm device, and the electric heat tracing system 1. The temperature sensor monitors the air temperature and panel temperature in the reservoir (dam) area; the high-definition camera, located at the top of the reservoir or dam, monitors the icing condition on the reservoir surface; and the pressure gauge collects the ice pressure on the panel. The temperature sensor and pressure gauge are located on the water-facing side of the panel, and the measured data are collected in real-time via transmission equipment.
[0037] Its operating principle is as follows: The electric heat tracing intelligent control alarm system 1.3 can monitor the adhesion area between the reservoir ice and the panel, or predict the possible freezing area at the junction of the reservoir water and the panel based on information such as the air temperature of the reservoir (dam) area, the panel temperature, the ice pressure of the panel and the ice conditions in the vicinity, the rise and fall rate and amplitude of the reservoir water and the duration of stillness, and weather forecasts. It can intelligently control the electric heat tracing tape 1.2 buried in the area to start heating when the set low temperature is reached and stop heating when the set high temperature is reached, and issue corresponding alarm signals to ensure that the reservoir ice and the panel do not stick together when the reservoir is running.
[0038] The following example, taken with reference to the attached diagram, illustrates the seepage-proof upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station that employs the technical solution of this utility model:
[0039] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the upper reservoir of a pumped storage power station is located in a frigid region with an extreme minimum temperature of -38℃. The entire reservoir is protected against seepage using reinforced concrete panels and is equipped with an electric heat tracing system 1, which includes an electric heat tracing power supply system 1.1, an electric heat tracing cable 1.2, and an electric heat tracing intelligent control and alarm system 1.3. The panel thickness is 30cm. Panel reinforcement bars 2, with a diameter of 20mm and a spacing of 20cm, are laid in the concrete on the water-facing side of the panel along both the horizontal and slope directions. The concrete cover thickness is 10cm.
[0040] The electric heating tape 1.2 consists of a self-limiting cryogenic electric heating tape 1.2.1, a cold conductor 1.2.2, and a junction box 1.2.3. All of them are corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant, and have the properties of impact resistance, cold bending resistance, water resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, flame retardancy, and explosion resistance to meet the requirements of panel construction and long-term operation. Based on the extreme minimum temperature of the concrete of the top panel, polyethylene substrate is selected, and it is laid and tied to the panel steel bars 2 above the dead water level of the reservoir.
[0041] The self-limiting cryogenic electric heating cable 1.2.1 is laid along the horizontal panel reinforcement 2.1 from the dead water level to the normal water level of the reservoir. It has a nominal power of 50W / m, a rated voltage of 220V, a maximum maintenance temperature of 65℃, a maximum surface temperature of 80℃, and a maximum withstand temperature of 90℃. It is 16mm wide and 8mm thick, and is wrapped with a 0.8mm thick outer sheath made of low-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene propylene. The cold conductor 1.2.2 is laid along the slope of the panel reinforcement 2.2 above the dead water level to the top of the dam or reservoir. The self-limiting cryogenic electric heating cable 1.2.1 at the same elevation is laid separately in the panels of the two areas of the dam area and the reservoir basin area, and is connected to the cold conductor 1.2.2 and the electric heating power supply system 1.1 through the corresponding junction box 1.2.3 to form a separate heating circuit. Junction box 1.2.3 includes: a power junction box at the connection between the electric heating power supply system 1.1 and the cold wire 1.2.2; a straight junction box at the connection between the self-limiting low temperature electric heating tape 1.2.1 and the extended cold wire 1.2.2; an L-shaped or T-shaped junction box at the intersection of the self-limiting low temperature electric heating tape 1.2.1 and the cold wire 1.2.2; and a terminal junction box at the end of the self-limiting low temperature electric heating tape 1.2.1 and the cold wire 1.2.2.
[0042] The intelligent control and alarm system for electric heat tracing 1.3 consists of temperature sensors for monitoring the air temperature and panel temperature in the reservoir area, high-definition cameras and pressure gauges for monitoring the icing condition of the reservoir surface, and control and alarm devices. A dedicated meteorological station for monitoring the air temperature in the reservoir area and a high-definition camera for monitoring the icing condition of the reservoir surface are located at the top of the upper reservoir. The panel thermometer and pressure gauge are located on the water-facing side of the panel. The measured data are collected in real time through transmission equipment, which can monitor the area where the reservoir ice adheres to the panel; or, based on information such as the air temperature in the reservoir area, the panel temperature, the ice pressure on the panel and the ice conditions in the vicinity, the rate and amplitude of the rise and fall of the reservoir water and the duration of stillness, and weather forecasts, it can analyze and predict the possible icing area at the junction of the reservoir water and the panel, and intelligently control the electric heat tracing tape 1.2 buried in this area to start heating when the set low temperature is reached and stop heating when the set high temperature is reached, and issue corresponding alarm signals to ensure that the reservoir ice does not adhere to the panel during reservoir operation.
[0043] By adopting the above-disclosed technical solution of this utility model, the following beneficial effects are obtained:
[0044] The electric heat tracing system installed with the reinforced concrete panel features high thermal efficiency, simple design, no pollution, long service life, and remote automatic control. The electric heat tracing tape is laid along with the steel reinforcement of the panel, making construction and installation convenient. By heating the panel in the frozen area, it ensures that the ice in the reservoir does not stick to the panel during operation, avoiding the ice pressure and frost heave on the panel, as well as the dragging and ice-pulling effects caused by the rise and fall of the ice surface. This reduces the freeze-thaw erosion of the panel concrete and the damage to the water-stop structure, greatly reducing repair costs, improving the overall quality of the panel and the operational safety of the project, and has broad guiding and promotional significance.
[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A frost protected reinforced concrete panel, characterized in that, It includes a concrete panel, panel reinforcement (2) and an electric heat tracing system (1); wherein the electric heat tracing system (1) includes an electric heat tracing power supply system (1.1) and an electric heat tracing tape (1.2); The panel reinforcement (2) and the electric heating tape (1.2) are embedded in the concrete panel, and the electric heating tape (1.2) is tied and fixed to the panel reinforcement (2); the electric heating power supply system (1.1) is located outside the concrete panel and connected to the electric heating tape (1.2).
2. An anti-freezing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric heating cable (1.2) is of the corrosion-resistant and flame-retardant type and is laid along the panel steel bars (2) above the dead water level of the reservoir.
3. An anti-icing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 1, wherein, The panel reinforcement (2) includes horizontal panel reinforcement (2.1) and slope-direction panel reinforcement (2.2); The electric heating tape (1.2) includes a self-limiting cryogenic electric heating tape (1.2.1), a cold conductor (1.2.2), and a junction box (1.2.3); The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) is laid along the horizontal panel reinforcement (2.1) in the area from the dead water level to the normal water level of the reservoir; the cold conductor (1.2.2) is laid along the slope panel reinforcement (2.2) above the dead water level of the reservoir to the top of the dam or the top of the reservoir. The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) at the same elevation is laid out along the length or in sections within the concrete panels of the dam and reservoir basin, and is connected to the cold conductor (1.2.2) and the electric heating power supply system (1.1) through the corresponding junction box (1.2.3) to form a separate heating circuit.
4. An anti-icing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 1, wherein, The material of the electric heating tape (1.2) is as follows: if the extreme minimum temperature of the top concrete of the concrete panel is not lower than -30°C, fluoroplastic or polyethylene substrate is used; if it is not lower than -40°C, polyethylene substrate is used.
5. An anti-icing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 3, wherein, The self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) has a width of 8mm to 16mm and a thickness of 3.2mm to 8mm, and is wrapped with an outer sheath made of low-temperature resistant material, the outer sheath having a thickness of 0.4mm to 0.8mm.
6. An anti-icing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 3, wherein, The junction box (1.2.3) includes: a power junction box at the connection between the electric heating power supply system (1.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2); a straight junction box at the extended connection between the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2); an L-shaped or T-shaped junction box at the intersection of the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2); and a terminal junction box at the ends of the self-limiting low-temperature electric heating tape (1.2.1) and the cold conductor (1.2.2).
7. An anti-icing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 1, wherein The electric heat tracing system (1) further includes an electric heat tracing intelligent control and alarm system (1.3), which includes a temperature sensor, a high-definition camera, a pressure gauge, an alarm device, and a controller; the controller is connected to the temperature sensor, the high-definition camera, the pressure gauge, the alarm device, and the electric heat tracing system (1) respectively.
8. An anti-icing reinforced concrete panel according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the panel steel bar (2) is 16mm-25mm, the interval is 15cm-25cm, and it is arranged in the concrete of the water-approaching side of the concrete panel, and the concrete protective layer thickness is not less than 8cm.