Metric all-steel truck tubeless radial tire tread pattern structure and tire

Abstract

The utility model relates to a metric all-steel truck tubeless radial tire tread pattern structure and a tire, the pattern structure is arranged on a tire tread, the tire tread is provided with four rows of longitudinal zigzag grooves, including two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves and two rows of outer longitudinal zigzag grooves; a plurality of central transverse shallow grooves and central longitudinal thin grooves are uniformly distributed on the central pattern block between the two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves, and are continuously connected; a plurality of outer side transverse shallow grooves are uniformly distributed in the outer side pattern blocks between the central longitudinal zigzag grooves and the outer side longitudinal zigzag grooves in the circumferential direction of the tire tread; compared with the prior art, the tire adopting the pattern form disclosed by the utility model has good stone removal performance, lower rolling resistance, wear resistance and heat dissipation performance, can reduce the probability of early damage of the tire caused by shoulder vacancy, crown vacancy, non-wear resistance and the like, and is suitable for road conditions of high speed, national roads and provincial roads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tire technology, and in particular to a tread pattern structure and tire of a metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire. Background Technology

[0002] Tires are annular, elastic rubber products mounted on various vehicles or machinery for contact with the ground and rolling. Tires are typically mounted on metal rims, supporting the vehicle body, cushioning external impacts, ensuring contact with the road surface, and guaranteeing vehicle performance. Tires are often used under complex and harsh conditions, enduring various deformations, loads, forces, and extreme temperatures during operation. Therefore, they must possess high load-bearing capacity, traction, and cushioning performance. Simultaneously, tires are also required to have high wear resistance and flexural strength, as well as low rolling resistance and heat generation.

[0003] Tire tread designs vary widely and must be considered based on their suitability for different uses and road conditions. Tire tread plays a crucial role in the overall driving experience. A well-designed tread pattern can not only effectively save fuel but also reduce noise during driving. Furthermore, it can enhance the vehicle's driving force, braking force, and traction performance on various harsh and slippery road surfaces, thereby improving driving safety.

[0004] Tire tread patterns are broadly categorized into straight groove patterns, lateral groove patterns, longitudinal and transverse groove patterns, and block patterns. Straight groove patterns, also known as standard tread patterns, are primarily designed with longitudinal grooves. Straight groove patterns offer excellent handling stability, low rotational resistance, low noise, and particularly excellent water drainage, making them less prone to lateral slippage. They are suitable for driving on flat roads and are applicable to passenger cars, trucks, and even aircraft. However, straight groove patterns have the disadvantage of relatively poor traction and drive capability. Lateral groove patterns are a design primarily based on transverse grooves. Lateral groove patterns offer exceptionally good driving force, braking force, and traction, and also exhibit excellent wear resistance. Lateral groove patterns are suitable for harsh road surfaces such as gravel roads and are mostly used in industrial and short-to-medium-distance vehicles such as bulldozers, excavators, and loaders. However, lateral groove patterns have the disadvantage of higher noise levels. Longitudinal and transverse groove patterns, also known as composite patterns, combine the design of straight and transverse grooves, possessing the advantages of both, and are suitable for harsh road surfaces. However, they are prone to wear during use. Block patterns feature patterns arranged in regular blocks. Block patterns offer good driving and braking power, providing the force to propel the vehicle forward, and are suitable for roads such as snow and mud. However, block patterns have the disadvantages of poor wear resistance and short mileage life.

[0005] The main metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tires on the market are used on paved roads. The main quality defects are shoulder gaps, crown gaps, and poor wear resistance. Poor wear resistance stems from uneven ground pressure distribution or abnormal wear (such as stone scratches or localized overheating and softening). Shoulder gaps (delamination or cracking in the tire shoulder area) are mainly caused by stress concentration and high-temperature aging, commonly seen in heavy-load, frequent steering, or poor heat dissipation conditions. Crown gaps (delamination in the tire crown area) are often caused by excessive localized impact loads or stones embedding and damaging the belt layer. Tires require high-quality tread patterns, exhibiting good stone removal performance, low rolling resistance, wear resistance, and heat dissipation, while also maintaining a novel appearance.

[0006] However, the existing tire tread patterns are difficult to meet the above requirements and are not suitable for metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tires. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tread pattern structure and tire for a metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire, which has lower rolling resistance, wear resistance, and heat dissipation performance. The tire with the tread pattern design can reduce the probability of premature tire damage caused by shoulder gaps and poor wear resistance.

[0008] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] This utility model provides a tread pattern structure for a metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire. The tread pattern structure is set on the tire tread, and four rows of longitudinal zigzag grooves are provided on the tire tread. Shallow grooves are provided on the tread blocks between adjacent longitudinal zigzag grooves.

[0010] The longitudinal zigzag groove includes two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves located in the middle of the tire tread, and two rows of outer longitudinal zigzag grooves located on both sides of the central longitudinal zigzag grooves respectively.

[0011] The patterned blocks include the central patterned block between the two columns of central longitudinal zigzag grooves, and the outer patterned block between the central longitudinal zigzag groove and the outer longitudinal zigzag groove;

[0012] The shallow grooves include several central transverse shallow grooves and central longitudinal fine grooves evenly distributed on the central tread block, and several outer transverse shallow grooves evenly distributed along the circumference of the tire tread on the outer tread block.

[0013] The bottom of the longitudinal tortuous trenches is wavy, and the bottom of the shallow trenches is two straight grooves, with the bottom of the two straight grooves being a semi-circular arc transition.

[0014] Preferably, the tire tread is composed of nine equal parts of movable mold, and the tread pattern pitch of the tire tread is 50 segments.

[0015] Preferably, the four longitudinal zigzag grooves are spaced apart, and their extension direction is the same as the circumferential direction of the tire tread. The width of each of the four longitudinal zigzag grooves is 18-20mm, and the depth of the longitudinal zigzag grooves is 15-17mm, and they slope downwards.

[0016] More preferably, the width of each of the four longitudinal zigzag grooves is 19mm, and the depth of the longitudinal zigzag grooves is 16mm.

[0017] In this invention, the tire tread has a four-longitudinal zigzag groove design, which has low rolling resistance and saves fuel.

[0018] Preferably, the width of the wavy groove bottom is 11-13mm, and the bottom is a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 2.5-3.5mm, which effectively prevents the groove bottom from cracking.

[0019] More preferably, the width of the wavy groove bottom is 12mm, and the bottom is a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 3mm.

[0020] Preferably, the wavy ditch bottom is provided with several rows of stones along its extension direction to improve the stone removal performance.

[0021] In this invention, the bottom of the longitudinal tortuous groove is designed with a wave-shaped groove to effectively prevent cracks in the bottom of the groove.

[0022] Preferably, the central transverse shallow groove is 0.8-1.2mm wide and 3.8-4.2mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.4-0.6mm.

[0023] More preferably, the central transverse shallow groove is 1mm wide and 4mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.5mm.

[0024] Preferably, the central transverse shallow groove and the central longitudinal fine groove are arranged alternately.

[0025] Preferably, the central longitudinal groove has a Z-shaped structure and is evenly distributed along the central axis of the central tread block in the circumferential direction of the tire tread.

[0026] More preferably, the central transverse shallow groove of the tire tread is evenly distributed circumferentially on both sides of the central longitudinal groove.

[0027] Preferably, the central longitudinal groove is 0.8-1.2 mm wide and 3.8-4.2 mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.4-0.6 mm.

[0028] More preferably, the central longitudinal groove is 1.0 mm wide and 4 mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.5 mm.

[0029] Preferably, the outer transverse shallow grooves are arranged parallel to each other on the outer tread blocks, with a width of 0.8-1.2mm and a depth of 3.8-4.2mm. The bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.4-0.6mm, which provides the tire with excellent traction and braking performance as well as tire uniformity.

[0030] More preferably, the outer transverse shallow groove is 1mm wide and 4mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.5mm.

[0031] Preferably, the bottom arc of the shallow trench is tangent to its wall, and the wall thickness of the shallow trench is 3-4 mm, more preferably 3.5 mm.

[0032] Preferably, the two sides of the tire shoulder are evenly distributed with a number of under-shoulder tread grooves along the circumference of the tire tread. The under-shoulder tread grooves include parallel grooves and segmental grooves that communicate with the parallel grooves. The bottom of the parallel grooves and the segmental grooves are transitioned by a rounded arc to improve heat dissipation in the shoulder and prevent shoulder cracking.

[0033] Preferably, the width of the parallel groove is 3.8-4.2 mm, the radius of the segmental groove is 4.8-5.2 mm, the depth of both the parallel groove and the segmental groove is 1.8-2.2 mm, and the bottom of the parallel groove and the segmental groove are transitioned by an arc with a radius of 4.5-5.5 mm.

[0034] Preferably, the tire tread has a closed shoulder design on both sides to improve the rigidity of the shoulder tread strips and effectively prevent uneven wear.

[0035] Preferably, the tread blocks and the tire shoulder are provided with vent holes, the diameter of which is 0.7-0.9mm. This facilitates venting during vulcanization, prevents air pockets from causing tread rounding and sidewall lack of rubber, promotes rubber flow, and makes the rubber vulcanization more uniform.

[0036] The present invention also provides a tire, including a wheel and a tire tread, wherein the tire tread adopts the tread pattern structure of the metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire described above.

[0037] The metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire with the tire tread structure of this utility model has lower rolling resistance and saves fuel. The tread pattern of this utility model has high wear resistance and reduces the probability of premature tire damage caused by shoulder gaps, crown gaps and poor wear resistance.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] (1) This utility model provides a metric all-steel tubeless radial tire tread pattern structure and tire. The tire using the pattern of this utility model has lower rolling resistance, wear resistance and heat dissipation, thereby reducing the probability of early tire damage caused by shoulder gaps, crown gaps and poor wear resistance.

[0040] (2) Multiple shallow transverse grooves are evenly distributed on the central pattern block between the central longitudinal zigzag grooves of this utility model along the circumference of the tire tread, providing the tire with excellent traction and braking performance, and having low rolling resistance and wear resistance; the bottom of the groove adopts a rounded transition to improve heat dissipation.

[0041] (3) The stone-removing block design of this utility model improves the stone-removing performance and reduces the probability of early tire damage caused by crown voids.

[0042] (4) The tread pitch of this utility model is 50 segments. The tread is designed with four longitudinal zigzag grooves from the nine-part movable mold to the upper and lower side plates, which has low rolling resistance and saves fuel. The bottom of the groove is designed with a wave-shaped groove to effectively prevent the bottom of the groove from cracking. The bottom of the shallow groove of the shoulder tread groove adopts a radius arc transition to improve the heat dissipation of the shoulder and avoid shoulder cracking. It improves the rigidity of the shoulder tread strip and effectively prevents uneven wear. The bottom of the groove is designed with two straight grooves with a height of 4mm. The bottom of the two small grooves is a semi-circular arc transition, which provides the tire with good drainage and heat dissipation performance and provides driving safety in various weather conditions.

[0043] (5) The four longitudinal tortuous grooves of this utility model are 19mm wide and 16mm deep, and are sloped downwards. The bottom of the groove is 12mm wide and is a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 3mm, which can further effectively prevent the bottom of the groove from cracking.

[0044] (6) This utility model achieves good guidance, drainage, grip and anti-skid performance of the tire at high speed through the combination design of longitudinal and transverse tread patterns. In addition, the constantly changing tread groove angle improves the tire's traction and lateral force, and the wear-resistant tread compound design increases the service life. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0046] Explanation of markings in the diagram:

[0047] 1-Tire tread, 2-Longitudinal groove, 21-Central longitudinal groove, 22-Outer longitudinal groove, 23-Wave groove bottom, 24-Stone block; 3-Tread block, 31-Central tread block, 32-Outer tread block, 4-Shallow groove, 41-Outer lateral shallow groove, 42-Central longitudinal fine groove, 43-Central lateral shallow groove, 5-Shoulder, 6-Under-shoulder tread groove, 61-Parallel groove, 62-Clip-shaped groove, 7-Ventilation hole. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is based on the technical solution of the present invention and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0049] In this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can be internal connections between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a metric all-steel tubeless radial tire tread pattern structure. The pattern structure is set on the tire tread 1, and the tire tread 1 has four rows of longitudinal zigzag grooves 2. Shallow grooves 4 are set on the tread blocks 3 between adjacent longitudinal zigzag grooves 2.

[0053] The four longitudinal grooves 2 include two central longitudinal grooves 21 and two outer longitudinal grooves 22: the two central longitudinal grooves 21 are located in the middle of the tire tread 1, and the two outer longitudinal grooves 22 are located on both sides of the two central longitudinal grooves 21.

[0054] Patterned blocks 3 include a central patterned block 31 and an outer patterned block 32: the central patterned block 31 is located between two columns of central longitudinal zigzag grooves 21, and the outer patterned block 32 is located between the central longitudinal zigzag grooves 21 and the outer longitudinal zigzag grooves 22.

[0055] Among them, the central tread block 31 has several central transverse shallow grooves 43 and central longitudinal fine grooves 42 evenly distributed on it, and the central transverse shallow grooves 43 and central longitudinal fine grooves 42 are continuously connected. The outer tread block 32 has several outer transverse shallow grooves 41 evenly distributed along the circumference of the tire tread 1.

[0056] The bottom of the longitudinal tortuous ditch 2 is a wavy ditch bottom 23. The bottom of the shallow ditch 4 (including the outer transverse shallow ditch 41, the central longitudinal fine ditch 42, and the central transverse shallow ditch 43) is a double straight ditch, and the bottom of the double straight ditch is a semi-circular arc transition.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Based on Example 1, this example provides a metric all-steel tubeless radial tire tread pattern structure. The tread pattern structure is set on the tire tread 1, which is composed of nine equal parts of movable molds, and the tread pitch is 50 segments.

[0059] In this embodiment, the tire tread 1 has two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves 21 in the middle, and two rows of outer longitudinal zigzag grooves 22 on each side of the central longitudinal zigzag grooves 21. The four rows of longitudinal zigzag grooves 2 (two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves 21 and two rows of outer longitudinal zigzag grooves 22) are spaced apart, extending in the same direction as the circumference of the tire tread 1. They are all 19mm wide and 16mm deep, and slope downwards. The bottom of the four rows of longitudinal zigzag grooves 2 is a wavy groove bottom 23 with a width of 12mm and a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 3mm at the bottom. The wavy groove bottom 23 has several rows of stones 24 along its extension direction to improve the stone removal performance.

[0060] A central tread block 31 is provided between two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves 21. Several central transverse shallow grooves 43 and central longitudinal fine grooves 42 are evenly distributed on the central tread block 31, and the central transverse shallow grooves 43 and central longitudinal fine grooves 42 are continuously connected. In this embodiment, the central transverse shallow groove 43 is 1 mm wide and 4 mm deep, with a semi-circular transition at the bottom with a radius of 0.5 mm. The central longitudinal fine groove 42 has a Z-shaped structure, evenly distributed along the circumference of the tire tread on the central axis of the central tread block 31. This central longitudinal fine groove 42 is 1.0 mm wide and 4 mm deep, with a semi-circular transition at the bottom with a radius of 0.5 mm.

[0061] An outer tread block 32 is provided between the central longitudinal zigzag groove 21 and the outer longitudinal zigzag groove 22. Several outer transverse shallow grooves 41 are evenly distributed on the outer tread block 32 along the circumference of the tire tread. In this embodiment, the outer transverse shallow grooves 41 are arranged parallel to each other on the outer tread block 32, with a width of 1 mm, a depth of 4 mm, and a bottom set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.5 mm.

[0062] In this embodiment, the bottom of the outer transverse shallow groove 41, the central longitudinal fine groove 42, and the central transverse shallow groove 43 are all two straight grooves, and the bottom of the two straight grooves are all semi-circular arc transitions, which provides good drainage and heat dissipation for the tire and provides driving safety in various weather conditions.

[0063] In this embodiment, several under-shoulder tread grooves 6 are evenly distributed on both sides of the tire shoulder 5 along the circumference of the tire tread 1. The under-shoulder tread grooves 6 include parallel grooves 61 with a width of 4mm and circular grooves 62 with a radius of 5mm that are connected to the parallel grooves 61. The bottom of the parallel grooves 61 and the circular grooves 62 are transitioned by a circular arc with a radius of 5mm, which improves the heat dissipation effect of the shoulder and avoids shoulder cracking.

[0064] The two tire shoulders 5 are closed tire shoulders. The central tread block 31, the outer tread block 32 and the tire shoulder 5 are all provided with vent holes 7 with a diameter of 0.8mm. This facilitates venting during vulcanization, prevents air from accumulating and causing rounded corners of the tread and missing rubber on the tire sidewall, promotes the flow of rubber material and makes the rubber material vulcanization more uniform.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] This embodiment provides a metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire, including a wheel and a tire tread 1. The tire tread 1 adopts the tread pattern structure of the metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire in Embodiment 2.

[0067] After adopting the tire tread structure of this embodiment, indoor test mileage and outdoor actual vehicle mileage tests have confirmed that the metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire of this embodiment has lower rolling resistance and saves fuel; and the tire tread structure of this embodiment has higher wear resistance, which can greatly reduce the probability of early tire damage caused by shoulder gaps, crown gaps and poor wear resistance.

[0068] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present utility model without departing from its scope should be within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire, characterized by, The pattern structure is set on the tire tread (1), and the tire tread (1) is provided with four rows of longitudinal zigzag grooves (2), and shallow grooves (4) are provided on the pattern blocks (3) between adjacent longitudinal zigzag grooves (2); The longitudinal zigzag groove (2) includes two rows of central longitudinal zigzag grooves (21) disposed in the middle of the tire tread (1), and two rows of outer longitudinal zigzag grooves (22) disposed on both sides of the central longitudinal zigzag grooves (21); The patterned blocks include the central patterned block (31) between the two columns of central longitudinal zigzag grooves (21) and the outer patterned block (32) between the central longitudinal zigzag groove (21) and the outer longitudinal zigzag groove (22); The shallow groove (4) includes several central transverse shallow grooves (43) and central longitudinal fine grooves (42) evenly distributed on the central tread block (31), and several outer transverse shallow grooves (41) evenly distributed on the outer tread block (32) along the circumference of the tire tread (1). The bottom of the longitudinal tortuous trench (2) is a wavy trench bottom (23), and the bottom of the shallow trench (4) is a double straight trench, with the bottom of the double straight trench being a semi-circular arc transition.

2. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tire tread (1) is composed of nine equal parts of movable mold, and the tread pitch of the tire tread (1) is 50 pitches.

3. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four longitudinal zigzag grooves (2) are spaced apart, and their extension direction is the same as that of the tire tread (1) circumferentially. The width of each of the four longitudinal zigzag grooves (2) is 18-20mm, and the depth of the longitudinal zigzag grooves (2) is 15-17mm, and they slope downwards.

4. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 1, wherein The width of the wavy ditch bottom (23) is 11-13mm, and the bottom is a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 2.5-3.5mm. The wavy ditch bottom (23) is provided with several rows of stones (24) along its extension direction.

5. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 1, wherein The central transverse shallow groove (43) and the central longitudinal fine groove (42) are arranged alternately. The central transverse shallow groove (43) is 0.8-1.2mm wide and 3.8-4.2mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.4-0.6mm. The central longitudinal fine groove (42) is a Z-shaped structure, which is evenly distributed along the circumference of the tire tread (1) on the central axis of the central tread block (31). The central longitudinal fine groove (42) is 0.8-1.2mm wide and 3.8-4.2mm deep, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.4-0.6mm.

6. The tread pattern structure of a metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer transverse shallow grooves (41) are arranged parallel to each other on the outer patterned block (32), with a width of 0.8-1.2mm and a depth of 3.8-4.2mm, and the bottom is set as a semi-circular arc transition with a radius of 0.4-0.6mm.

7. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 1, wherein The tire tread (1) has several shoulder grooves (6) evenly distributed around the circumference of the tire tread (1) on both sides of the shoulder (5). The shoulder grooves (6) include parallel grooves (61) and segmental grooves (62) that communicate with the parallel grooves (61). The bottom of the parallel grooves (61) and the segmental grooves (62) are connected by a rounded transition.

8. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 7, characterized in that, The width of the parallel groove (61) is 3.8-4.2 mm, the radius of the segmental groove (62) is 4.8-5.2 mm, the depth of the parallel groove (61) and the segmental groove (62) is 1.8-2.2 mm, and the bottom of the parallel groove (61) and the segmental groove (62) are transitioned by an arc with a radius of 4.5-5.5 mm.

9. A tread pattern structure for a metric type all-steel tubeless radial truck tire according to claim 7, characterized in that, The two sides of the tire shoulder (5) are closed tire shoulder designs. The tread block (3) and the tire shoulder (5) are provided with exhaust holes (7), and the diameter of the exhaust holes (7) is 0.7-0.9mm.

10. A tyre comprising a wheel disc and a tyre tread (1), characterised in that, The tire tread (1) adopts the tread pattern structure of a metric all-steel tubeless radial truck tire as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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