Forking equipment for large support

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of bridge support carrying, and mainly discloses fork loading equipment for a large support, which comprises a portal frame, a vertical driving device, a fork arm carrier, a movable sliding plate and a fork arm, a handle is arranged at the top of the fork loading equipment, and lifting of the fork arm carrier is realized inside the fork loading equipment through chain transmission; the pallet fork arm can be switched between a horizontal forklift mode and a vertical clamping mode, the pallet fork arm is used for inserting and taking a cuboid support in the horizontal state and installing a detachable clamping jaw to be matched with a curved-surface support in the vertical state, and the problem that a traditional forklift cannot accurately carry special-shaped supports in a narrow space of a laboratory is solved by transversely adjusting the distance between sliding plates. The clamping device has clamping stability, shape adaptability and operation safety, the manual carrying risk is remarkably reduced, and the clamping device is suitable for inspection and carrying scenes of large rubber supports, pot type supports and spherical supports.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of bridge bearing handling, in particular to a forklift loading device for large bearings. Background Art

[0002] As a key component in bridge structures, bridge bearings undertake important functions such as load transfer, deformation adaptation, seismic isolation and shock absorption, and their performance directly affects the safety and durability of bridges. With the development of bridge engineering towards large-span and high-load directions, the specifications of bearings are continuously increasing, and the structures tend to be diversified. There are significant differences in the external shape designs of common rubber bearings, pot bearings and spherical bearings: rubber bearings are mostly cuboid or cylindrical, with a smooth surface and lack of rigid structures; pot bearings and spherical bearings have complex curved surfaces or concave-convex pressure-bearing surface structures. These shape differences pose higher requirements for the clamping adaptability of handling equipment. According to relevant inspection standards, bearing specimens need to be statically placed for 24 hours at a standard temperature (23±5°C) to ensure the internal and external temperatures are the same, and some specimens also need to undergo high-temperature aging tests. During this process, how to efficiently and safely transport large bearings with different shapes to a compression-shear testing machine or a designated storage location has become a technical problem to be solved urgently.

[0003] Traditional handling methods mainly rely on forklifts or manual operations, but there are significant defects in the compact space of the laboratory: firstly, forklift operations need to lift from the bottom of the bearing, and the upper and lower pressure-bearing surfaces of the bearing have high flatness requirements. During the handling process, it is easy to cause damage to the contact surface, affecting the accuracy of subsequent test data. Moreover, the surface of large rubber bearings is smooth and lacks effective着力点, and it is extremely easy to slip due to unstable lifting; secondly, the layout of equipment such as laboratory shelves and testing machines is dense, and it is difficult for forklifts to operate, resulting in the inability to effectively place the bearing on the shelf or testing machine; thirdly, manual handling of heavy bearings has a high labor intensity, and there are risks of personnel injury and specimen collision.

[0004] In the prior art, although there are some clamping-type handling devices, the clamping surfaces of conventional robotic arms are mostly designed with flat surfaces or fixed arc fixed structures, and it is difficult to effectively meet the requirements of the flat or curved surface structures of various pot bearings or spherical bearings. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] The utility model provides a forklift loading device for large bearings, which can adapt to large bearings of different shapes (cuboid, cylinder, curved surface) to solve the problem of safe and efficient clamping and handling in a laboratory environment.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions: A forklift loading device for a large support includes a gantry, a fork carriage, and fork arms. The bottom end of the gantry is provided with front wheels and rear wheels, and the rear wheels are universal wheels. A handle is provided above the gantry. A vertical driving device is installed on the gantry, and the vertical driving device is used to drive the fork carriage to reciprocate up and down along the vertical direction of the gantry. On one side of the fork carriage, there are two movable slides that can move in the same or opposite directions along the transverse direction of the fork carriage. The movable slides are controlled to reciprocate horizontally by a transverse driving device. Fork arms are respectively provided on the two movable slides. Anti-slip lines or anti-slip rubber are provided on the working surface of the fork arms. The working surface of the fork arms has a horizontal state facing upwards and a vertical state facing inwards on the movable slides. When the working surface of the fork arms is in the horizontal state, it can be used as an ordinary forklift. When the working surface of the fork arms is in the vertical state, detachable claws are respectively provided on the inner sides of the two movable slides. An arc surface is provided on the inner side of the claws. When the working surface of the fork arms is vertical and the claws are not installed, it is used to pick up a bridge support similar to a cube shape. When the working surface of the fork arms is in the vertical state and the claws are installed, it is used to pick up a bridge support similar to a cylindrical shape.

[0007] A further solution of the present utility model is that the vertical driving device is an electric hydraulic cylinder. The upper part of the push rod of the electric hydraulic cylinder is connected to a sprocket wheel frame. One end of a chain is fixed to the gantry. After the chain bypasses the sprocket wheel, the other end is fixedly connected to the fork carriage. By driving the push rod of the electric hydraulic cylinder to move up and down, the sprocket wheel frame is driven to move up and down, thereby driving the other end of the chain to drive the fork carriage to reciprocate up and down.

[0008] A further solution of the present utility model is that connecting plates are respectively provided at both ends of the other side in the transverse direction of the fork carriage. Rollers are provided on the connecting plates. A chute is provided inside the gantry. The rollers are placed in the chute. When the chain drives the fork carriage to move up and down, the rollers roll in the chute to limit and guide the up and down reciprocating movement of the fork carriage.

[0009] A further solution of the present utility model is that the transverse driving device is a hydraulic cylinder. There are two hydraulic cylinders, and the two hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged along the vertical center line of the fork carriage. Slide rails arranged transversely along the fork carriage are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends on one side of the fork carriage. The movable slides are connected to the slide rails through sliders. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fork carriage, and the push rod of the hydraulic cylinder is linked with the movable slide, that is, the push rod at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the movable slide.

[0010] A further solution of the present utility model is that limit columns are provided at both ends of the slide rail to limit the movement of the movable slide in the fork carriage.

[0011] A further aspect of this invention is that the fork arm is connected to the movable slide plate via a rotating plate, the rotating plate is rotatably connected to the movable slide plate via a pin, the outer circumference of the pin on the rotating plate is provided with a threaded hole, the movable slide plate is provided with a corresponding threaded hole, and the position of the rotating plate is adjusted and then fixed by bolts.

[0012] A further aspect of this invention is that one end of the fork arm is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating plate, which ensures that when the fork arm is in a horizontal state, it is located at a lower position, making it easier for the fork arm to be inserted into the bottom gap of the goods.

[0013] A further aspect of this invention is that the inner side of the arc surface of the gripper is provided with anti-slip rubber. The rough rubber layer protects the support from damage by the bearing force and increases the coefficient of friction between the arc surface and the support.

[0014] A further aspect of this invention is that a pressure sensor is installed within the interlayer between the arc surface and the anti-slip rubber to measure the clamping force. The weight can be calculated based on the support volume or the weight of the support can be determined by directly consulting the warranty certificate. The clamping force is set by monitoring the clamping force in real time to ensure that the clamping force can smoothly hold the support while avoiding excessive clamping force that could damage the support surface.

[0015] A further aspect of this invention is that a housing is provided on the other side of the gantry, and the housing is used to accommodate the motor, oil tank, battery, and counterweight, etc.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0017] This invention provides a forklift device for large supports. It features multi-shape adaptability, addressing structural differences in cuboid, cylindrical, and curved supports. Through detachable grippers and fork arm switching, it achieves multi-functional coverage: Horizontal state: The fork arm acts as a forklift arm, inserting into the bottom of the support to accommodate cuboid supports; Vertical state + planar clamping: The fork arm directly clamps the cuboid / cylindrical support, with anti-slip texture preventing slippage; Vertical state + curved grippers: The arc surface of the grippers conforms to the curved surface of the basin / spherical support, increasing the contact area and avoiding localized stress concentration. The transverse slide rail is linked to the hydraulic cylinder, allowing for adjustable clamping width to accommodate different support sizes. The anti-slip rubber layer is linked to the pressure sensor, preventing slippage and avoiding excessive clamping force that could deform the sample. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the forklift equipment in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the forklift equipment according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of the forklift equipment according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a top view of the forklift equipment in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the forklift equipment in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram, 1. mast; 2. fork carriage; 3. vertical drive unit; 4. sprocket frame; 5. chain; 6. movable slide plate; 7. slide rail; 8. slider; 9. lateral drive unit; 10. fork arm; 11. gripper; 12. housing; 13. handle; 14. rotating plate; 15. pin; 16. threaded hole; 17. front wheel; 18. rear wheel; 19. arc surface; 20. connecting plate; 21. roller; 22. slide groove; 23. working surface. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a forklift for large supports includes a mast 1, a fork carriage 2, and fork arms 10. The mast 1 is provided with a front wheel 17 and a rear wheel 18 at its bottom. The front wheel 17 is a fixed wheel, and the rear wheel 18 is a swivel wheel. A handle 13 is provided on the top of the mast 1. A housing 12 is also provided on the other side of the mast 1. The housing 12 is used to house the motor, oil tank, battery, and counterweight, etc., to ensure the stability of the equipment's center of gravity and prevent tipping.

[0027] The mast 1 is equipped with a vertical drive device 3, which is used to drive the fork carriage 2 to move up and down reciprocally along the vertical direction of the mast 1.

[0028] Specifically, the vertical drive device 3 is an electric hydraulic cylinder. The top rod of the electric hydraulic cylinder is connected to the sprocket frame 4. One end of the chain 5 is fixed to the mast 1, and the other end of the chain 5, after passing over the sprocket, is fixedly connected to the fork carriage 2. The electric hydraulic cylinder drives the top rod to move up and down, which in turn drives the sprocket frame 4 to move up and down, thereby driving the other end of the chain 5 to drive the fork carriage 2 to move up and down reciprocally. The lifting stroke covers 0-1800mm, meeting the height requirements of laboratory shelves and testing machines.

[0029] The fork carriage 2 has connecting plates 20 at both ends on the other side in the lateral direction. Rollers 21 are mounted on the connecting plates 20. The mast 1 has a sliding groove 22 inside, and the rollers 21 are placed within the sliding groove 22. When the chain 5 drives the fork carriage 2 to move up and down, the rollers 21 roll along the sliding groove 22 to limit and guide the reciprocating up and down movement of the fork carriage 2. The rollers 21 and the sliding groove 22 cooperate to limit the lateral displacement of the fork carriage 2, ensuring smooth lifting and lowering.

[0030] The fork carriage 2 has two movable slide plates 6 on one side, which can move in the same or opposite directions along the lateral direction of the fork carriage 2. The movable slide plates 6 are controlled by a lateral drive device 9 to reciprocate laterally. Fork arms 10 are respectively provided on the two movable slide plates 6. The clamping width is adjustable from 400-1100mm. It is compatible with supports of different sizes.

[0031] The working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is provided with anti-slip texture or anti-slip rubber. The working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is in a vertical state facing inward on the movable slide plate 6. When the working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is in a vertical state, detachable grippers 11 are respectively provided on the inner side of the two movable slide plates 6. The inner side of the grippers 11 is provided with an arc surface 19. When the working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is vertical and the grippers 11 are not installed, it is used to grip a bridge support similar to a cube. When the working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is vertical and the grippers 11 are installed, it is used to grip a bridge support similar to a cylinder.

[0032] The lateral drive device 9 is a hydraulic cylinder. There are two hydraulic cylinders, which are symmetrically arranged along the vertical centerline of the fork carriage 2. The upper and lower ends of one side of the fork carriage 2 are respectively provided with slide rails 7 arranged laterally along the fork carriage 2. The movable slide plate 6 is connected to the slide rail 7 through a slider 8. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the fork carriage 2, and the hydraulic cylinder push rod is linked with the movable slide plate 6, that is, the push rod at the other end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the movable slide plate 6.

[0033] The slide rail 7 is provided with limit posts at both ends to restrict the movement of the movable slide plate 6 within the fork carriage 2. The limit posts at both ends of the slide rail 7 prevent the slide plate from derailing and ensure safe clamping operation.

[0034] The inner side of the arc surface 19 of the gripper 11 is provided with anti-slip rubber. In this embodiment, the arc surface 19 of the gripper 11 is covered with a 3mm thick anti-slip rubber layer, and the surface is provided with wavy anti-slip texture. The friction coefficient is ≥0.5. The rough rubber layer protects the support from damage by the bearing force, and at the same time increases the friction coefficient between the arc surface 19 and the support.

[0035] A pressure sensor is installed within the interlayer between the arc surface 19 and the anti-slip rubber to measure the clamping force. The clamping force can be set based on the weight calculated from the support volume or by referring to the warranty certificate. Real-time monitoring of the clamping force ensures that the support can be held securely while preventing excessive clamping force that could damage the support surface. The pressure sensor is embedded between the rubber layer and the metal substrate of the gripper 11 to monitor the clamping force in real time. The hydraulic pressure is adjusted via an electronic control system to prevent overload damage to the support surface.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, a forklift equipment for large supports includes a mast 1, a fork carriage 2, and fork arms 10. The mast 1 is provided with a front wheel 17 and a rear wheel 18 at its bottom end. The rear wheel 18 is a swivel wheel. A handle 13 is provided on the top of the mast 1. A vertical drive device 3 is installed on the mast 1. The vertical drive device 3 is used to drive the fork carriage 2 to move up and down reciprocally along the vertical direction of the mast 1. Two movable slide plates 6 are provided on one side of the fork carriage 2, which can move in the same direction or opposite directions along the lateral direction of the fork carriage 2. The movable slide plates 6 are controlled by a lateral drive device 9 to move laterally reciprocally. Fork arms 10 are respectively provided on the two movable slide plates 6. The working surface 23 of the fork arms 10 is provided with anti-slip texture or anti-slip rubber.

[0038] The fork arm 10 is connected to the movable slide plate 6 via a rotating plate 14. The rotating plate 14 is rotatably connected to the movable slide plate 6 via a pin 15. A threaded hole 16 is provided on the outer circumference of the pin 15 on the rotating plate 14, and a corresponding threaded hole 16 is provided on the movable slide plate 6. The position of the rotating plate 14 is adjusted and then fixed with bolts. Adjusting the rotating plate 14 ensures that the working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is horizontally oriented inwards on the movable slide plate 6.

[0039] One end of the fork arm 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating plate 14, which ensures that when the fork arm 10 is in a horizontal state, the fork arm 10 is located at a lower position, making it easier for the fork arm 10 to be inserted into the bottom gap of the goods.

[0040] Working principle:

[0041] This device includes three operating modes:

[0042] 1. For transporting a rectangular support with a gap at the bottom, adjust the fork arm 10 to a horizontal position, push the equipment to the side of the support, insert the fork arm 10 horizontally into the gap at the bottom of the support, start the electric hydraulic cylinder, raise the fork carriage 2 to the target height, control the equipment to move to the testing machine position through the handle 13, lower the fork carriage 2 to the testing machine platform, and reverse the operation to remove the fork arm 10.

[0043] 2. Curved support clamping: Switch the fork arm 10 to the vertical position, fix the gripper 11 with bolts, start the lateral drive device 9, and the hydraulic cylinder pushes the slide plate to move in opposite directions, so that the arc surface 19 of the gripper 11 fits the curved surface of the support. The pressure sensor provides real-time feedback on the clamping force, and the electronic control system automatically adjusts the hydraulic pressure to the safety threshold, raises the fork carriage 2 to the specified height of the shelf, and releases the gripper 11 to complete the placement.

[0044] 3. For transporting a rectangular support with no gaps at the bottom, switch the fork arm 10 to the vertical position, start the lateral drive device 9, and the hydraulic cylinder pushes the slide plate to move in the opposite direction, so that the working surface 23 of the fork arm 10 is on the support side. The pressure sensor provides real-time feedback of the clamping force, and the electronic control system automatically adjusts the hydraulic pressure to the safe threshold, raising the fork carriage 2 to the specified height of the shelf, and releasing the fork arm 10 to complete the placement.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A forklift apparatus for large supports, characterized by: The system includes a mast (1), a fork carriage (2), and fork arms (10). The mast (1) has a front wheel (17) and a rear wheel (18) at its bottom. A handle (13) is located on the top of the mast (1). A vertical drive device (3) is installed on the mast (1) to drive the fork carriage (2) to move up and down reciprocally along the vertical direction of the mast (1). Two movable slides (6) are located on one side of the fork carriage (2) and can move in the same or opposite directions along the lateral direction of the fork carriage (2). The plate (6) is controlled by a lateral drive device (9) to move laterally back and forth. Two movable slide plates (6) are respectively provided with fork arms (10). The working surface (23) of the fork arms (10) is provided with anti-slip texture or anti-slip rubber. The working surface (23) of the fork arms (10) is provided with an upward horizontal state and an inward vertical state on the movable slide plate (6). A detachable gripper (11) is provided on the two movable slide plates (6). The inner side of the gripper (11) is provided with an arc surface (19).

2. A forklift apparatus for large supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical drive device (3) is an electric hydraulic cylinder. Its push rod is connected to the sprocket frame (4). One end of the chain (5) is fixed to the mast (1), and the other end passes around the sprocket and is fixed to the fork carriage (2). The push rod moves to drive the fork carriage (2) to rise and fall.

3. A forklift apparatus for large supports according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fork carriage (2) has connecting plates (20) at both ends on the other side. The connecting plates (20) are equipped with rollers (21). The rollers (21) cooperate with the sliding grooves (22) inside the mast (1) for limiting and guiding the fork carriage (2) when it is raised or lowered.

4. A forklift apparatus for large supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral drive device (9) consists of two symmetrically arranged hydraulic cylinders. The upper and lower ends of one side of the fork carriage (2) are provided with lateral slide rails (7). The movable slide plate (6) is connected to the slide rail (7) through the slider (8). The hydraulic cylinder push rod is linked with the movable slide plate (6).

5. A forklift apparatus for large supports according to claim 4, characterized in that: Limiting posts are provided at both ends of the slide rail (7).

6. A forklift apparatus for large supports according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fork arm (10) is connected to the movable slide plate (6) via a rotating plate (14). The rotating plate (14) is rotatably connected to the movable slide plate (6) via a pin (15) and is fixed to the threaded hole (16) by bolts to adjust the horizontal or vertical state of the fork arm (10).

7. A fork-lift apparatus for large supports according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the fork arm (10) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating plate (14).

8. A forklift apparatus for large support structures as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that: The inner side of the arc surface (19) of the gripper (11) is provided with anti-slip rubber.

9. A fork-lift apparatus for large supports according to claim 8, characterized in that: A pressure sensor is installed in the interlayer between the arc surface (19) and the anti-slip rubber.

10. A forklift apparatus for large supports according to claim 9, characterized in that: The other side of the gantry (1) is also provided with a box (12), which is used to house the motor, oil tank, battery and counterweight.

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