Shearing-resistant anchor cable sleeve applicable to large deformation of deep surrounding rock and tunnel

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of underground engineering, in particular to a shear-resistant anchor cable sleeve suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock and a tunnel. A shear-resistant anchor cable casing pipe suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock comprises a shear-resistant casing pipe, and an anchor cable is sleeved with the shear-resistant casing pipe; the fixed pulleys are arranged in the shear-resistant casing pipe, pulley grooves of the fixed pulleys are connected to the outer surface of the anchor cable, and the rolling direction of the fixed pulleys is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable; and the lockset is connected to the end part of the shear-resistant sleeve, is arranged outside the tunnel surrounding rock, and is used for anchoring the anchor cable. In the prior art, when the surrounding rock of the tunnel has large shear deformation, deformation around the anchor cable lock drives the free section of the anchor cable to deviate, so that a large included angle is formed between the free section and the tensile resistance direction of the anchoring section of the anchor cable, and the tensile resistance provided by the anchoring section cannot be transmitted to the tunnel primary support and the lock, so that the tensile resistance of the anchor cable cannot be transmitted to the tunnel primary support and the lock. Therefore, the supporting effect is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of underground engineering, and in particular to a shear anchor cable sleeve and tunnel suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there is a clear trend towards deeper infrastructure construction in my country, especially in the mountainous areas of western China. The construction of many highways and railway tunnels under construction or planned has become the norm, with depths exceeding 1,000 meters. These projects are often accompanied by unfavorable engineering geological conditions such as weak or fractured surrounding rock. Under the influence of high ground stress at deep depths, large deformation disasters of the surrounding rock during construction are common.

[0003] Anchor cable support is one of the main methods in tunnel construction. When the surrounding rock undergoes large deformation, the anchor cable will change from a straight shape in the early stage of construction to a tortuous shape. At the same time, it will change from the initial tensile state to a mixed tensile and shear state. The anchor cable itself has strong tensile strength but extremely weak shear strength. Therefore, under the condition of large deformation of the surrounding rock, the anchor cable cannot efficiently exert the initially set tensile prestress and is prone to shear failure, leading to complete failure of the anchor cable. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies where, when the surrounding rock of a tunnel undergoes large shear deformation, the deformation around the anchor cable lock causes the free section of the anchor cable to shift, resulting in a large angle between the tensile force direction of the free section and the anchored section of the anchor cable. This prevents the tensile force provided by the anchored section from being transmitted to the tunnel's initial support and the lock, thus reducing the inadequacy of the support effect. The invention provides a shear-resistant anchor cable sleeve and tunnel suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock.

[0005] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, comprising:

[0006] Shear sleeve, wherein the shear sleeve is fitted over the anchor cable;

[0007] At least one fixed pulley is disposed inside the shear sleeve, the pulley groove of the fixed pulley is connected to the outer surface of the anchor cable, and the rolling direction of the fixed pulley is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable;

[0008] A locking device is connected to the end of the shear sleeve, the locking device is disposed outside the tunnel surrounding rock, and the locking device is used to anchor the anchor cable.

[0009] The pulley groove of a fixed pulley is the curved surface of the fixed pulley.

[0010] This application incorporates a fixed pulley inside the shear sleeve, with the sliding groove of the fixed pulley connected to the anchor cable. The rolling direction of the fixed pulley is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable, ensuring that the tension in the anchor cable sections before and after the fixed pulley is equal. Therefore, even when there is a large angle between the anchored section and the free section, the fixed pulley inside the shear sleeve can effectively transfer the tensile force provided by the anchored section to the tunnel's initial support and locking device, minimizing the reduction in support effectiveness.

[0011] Preferably, the height of the two sides of the pulley groove is higher than the height of the middle.

[0012] The height on both sides of the pulley groove is greater than the height in the middle, which can limit the anchor cable from shifting as much as possible so that it can disengage from the fixed pulley.

[0013] Preferably, the pulley groove has an arc-shaped cross-section, and the width of the pulley groove is greater than the diameter of the anchor cable.

[0014] The pulley groove has an arc-shaped cross-section, which maximizes the contact area between the pulley groove and the anchor cable, minimizing stress concentration. Furthermore, the width of the pulley groove is greater than the diameter of the anchor cable, thus preventing the anchor cable from detaching from the fixed pulley if it shifts.

[0015] Preferably, the diameter of the fixed pulley is smaller than the difference between the inner diameter of the shear sleeve and the diameter of the anchor cable.

[0016] When the fixed pulley is a variable cross-section fixed pulley, the maximum diameter of the fixed pulley is less than the difference between the inner diameter of the shear sleeve and the diameter of the anchor cable.

[0017] Preferably, the diameters of the fixed pulleys are equal.

[0018] Preferably, the anchor cable includes at least two fixed pulleys, wherein the two fixed pulleys are spaced apart along the length of the anchor cable.

[0019] Preferably, the fixed pulley is connected to the inner wall of the shear sleeve via a bracket, and the width of the bracket is greater than the rim width of the fixed pulley.

[0020] The rim width of the fixed pulley is the distance between the two rims. If the width of the support is greater than the rim width of the fixed pulley, the fixed pulley can adjust its position appropriately when the anchor cable shifts, minimizing the risk of the anchor cable detaching from the fixed pulley.

[0021] Preferably, it further includes a tray disposed between the shear sleeve and the lock.

[0022] The tray is positioned between the shear sleeve and the lock to minimize stress concentration caused by direct connection between the lock and the shear sleeve.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel, including anchor cables and a shear anchor cable sleeve as described above, suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock.

[0024] By setting anchor cables and the aforementioned shear anchor cable sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, the support effect can be minimized even when there is a large angle between the anchored section and the free section.

[0025] Preferably, the anchor cable is a pressure-reducing constant resistance anchor cable or a pressure-reducing resistance increasing anchor cable.

[0026] Preferably, if the anchor cable in the anchor cable hole contains several steel strands, each steel strand is sheathed with a shear anchor cable sleeve as described above, which is suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, and adjacent shear sleeves are welded together.

[0027] The adjacent shear sleeves are welded together, which helps to improve the stability of the structure.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0029] 1. This utility model provides a shear-resistant anchor cable sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, comprising a shear-resistant sleeve, a locking device, and at least one fixed pulley. The shear-resistant sleeve is fitted over the anchor cable, the locking device is connected to the end of the shear-resistant sleeve, and the fixed pulley is located inside the shear-resistant sleeve. The fixed pulley can rotate along the length of the anchor cable, and its pulley groove is connected to the anchor cable. Therefore, the tension in the anchor cable sections before and after the fixed pulley is equal. Thus, even when there is a large angle between the anchored section and the free section, the fixed pulley inside the shear-resistant sleeve can fully transfer the tensile force provided by the anchored section to the tunnel initial support and the locking device, minimizing the reduction in support effectiveness. This application overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies where, when the surrounding rock of the tunnel undergoes large shear deformation, the deformation around the anchor cable locking device causes the free section of the anchor cable to shift, resulting in a large angle between the tensile force direction of the free section and the anchored section of the anchor cable. This prevents the tensile force provided by the anchored section from being transferred to the tunnel initial support and the locking device, thereby reducing the support effectiveness.

[0030] 2. This utility model provides a tunnel comprising the above-mentioned shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock, which can minimize the impact on the support effect when there is a large angle between the anchored section and the free section. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a cross-section of a shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, according to this utility model. Figure 1 (Parallel to the length of the anchor cable);

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-section of a shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, according to this utility model. Figure 2 (Perpendicular to the length of the anchor cable);

[0033] icon:

[0034] 1-Anchor cable, 2-Shear sleeve, 3-Bracket, 4-Fixed pulley, 5-Lock, 6-Tray. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of this utility model is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the utility model solution or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0037] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0038] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0039] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "several", "multiple", and "several" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0040] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "equipped with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock includes:

[0043] Shear sleeve 2, which is sleeved on anchor cable 1;

[0044] At least one fixed pulley 4 is disposed inside the shear sleeve 2, the pulley groove of the fixed pulley 4 is connected to the outer surface of the anchor cable 1, and the rolling direction of the fixed pulley 4 is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable 1;

[0045] Lock 5 is connected to the end of the shear sleeve 2 and is located outside the tunnel surrounding rock. Lock 5 is used to anchor the anchor cable 1.

[0046] This application provides a fixed pulley 4 inside the shear sleeve 2, with the sliding groove of the fixed pulley 4 connected to the anchor cable. The rolling direction of the fixed pulley 4 is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable 1. Therefore, the tension of the anchor cable 1 section before and after the fixed pulley 4 is equal. Thus, even when there is a large angle between the anchored section and the free section, the fixed pulley 4 inside the shear sleeve 2 can fully transfer the tensile force provided by the anchored section to the tunnel initial support and the locking device 5, thereby minimizing the reduction of the support effect.

[0047] In actual use, the anchor cable 1 is placed inside the sliding groove of the fixed pulley 4, which will not affect the rotation of the fixed pulley 4.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the height of the two sides of the pulley groove is higher than the height in the middle, which can limit the anchor cable 1 and prevent the anchor cable 1 from detaching from the fixed pulley 4. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the pulley groove is arc-shaped, which can maximize the contact area between the pulley groove and the anchor cable 1 and minimize stress concentration. The width of the pulley groove is greater than the diameter of the anchor cable 1, so that the anchor cable 1 can be prevented from detaching from the fixed pulley 4 as much as possible when the anchor cable 1 deviates.

[0049] Furthermore, if the diameter of the fixed pulley 4 is smaller than the difference between the inner diameter of the shear sleeve 2 and the diameter of the anchor cable 1, then sufficient space is reserved inside the shear sleeve 2 for the fixed pulley 4. It should be noted that when the fixed pulley 4 is a variable cross-section fixed pulley 4, the maximum diameter of the fixed pulley 4 is smaller than the difference between the inner diameter of the shear sleeve 2 and the diameter of the anchor cable 1. If the height on both sides of the pulley groove cross-section is greater than the height in the middle, then the maximum diameter of the fixed pulley 4 is the corresponding diameter on both sides of the pulley groove cross-section.

[0050] Furthermore, the anchor cable 1 includes at least two fixed pulleys 4, which are spaced apart along its length. In this embodiment, the number of fixed pulleys 4 is not limited. Several fixed pulleys 4 of equal diameter are spaced apart along the length of the anchor cable 1 on one side, ensuring that the pulley grooves of the fixed pulleys 4 are connected to the anchor cable 1 as much as possible, and minimizing stress concentration, thereby minimizing the risk of damage to the anchor cable 1.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fixed pulley 4 is connected to the inner wall of the shear sleeve 2 through the bracket 3. The width of the bracket 3 is greater than the rim width of the fixed pulley 4, so the fixed pulley 4 can adjust its position appropriately when the anchor cable 1 deviates, so as to avoid the anchor cable 1 from detaching from the fixed pulley 4 as much as possible.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a tray 6, which is disposed between the shear sleeve 2 and the lock 5 to minimize stress concentration.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A tunnel, including anchor cable 1 and a shear anchor cable sleeve suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock as described in Example 1, can minimize the impact on the support effect when there is a large angle between the anchored section and the free section.

[0055] In this embodiment, the anchor cable 1 is a pressure-yielding constant resistance anchor cable or a pressure-yielding increase resistance anchor cable. However, in actual use, ordinary anchor cables can also be used depending on the actual situation.

[0056] "Pressure-yielding constant resistance anchor cable" is a high-performance intelligent anchor cable used for geotechnical engineering support. Its core feature is that it allows the surrounding rock to undergo a certain deformation (pressure yielding) while maintaining a constant support resistance (constant resistance), thus adapting to deep high ground pressure and strong disturbance environments (such as mine roadways and tunnel engineering).

[0057] "Pressure-increasing resistance anchor cable" is an intelligent support structure in geotechnical engineering that combines flexible deformation with adaptive resistance increase capability. It is an upgrade based on the traditional "constant resistance anchor cable". Its core innovation lies in the fact that the resistance increases with deformation (rather than being constant), thereby providing a more dynamic support force matching in deep, high-stress, and large-deformation strata.

[0058] Furthermore, if the anchor cable in the anchor cable hole contains several steel strands, each steel strand is covered with a shear anchor cable sleeve as described in Example 1, which is suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock. The two adjacent shear sleeves 2 are welded together, which helps to improve the structural stability of the device.

[0059] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformations in deep surrounding rock, characterized in that, include: Shear sleeve (2), the shear sleeve (2) is sleeved on the anchor cable (1); At least one fixed pulley (4) is provided inside the shear sleeve (2), the pulley groove of the fixed pulley (4) is connected to the outer surface of the anchor cable (1), and the rolling direction of the fixed pulley (4) is parallel to the length direction of the anchor cable (1); Lock (5), the lock (5) is connected to the end of the shear sleeve (2), the lock (5) is set outside the tunnel surrounding rock, and the lock (5) is used to anchor the anchor cable (1).

2. The shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation in deep surrounding rock as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the two sides of the pulley groove is higher than the height of the middle.

3. A shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation in deep surrounding rock as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pulley groove has an arc-shaped cross-section, and the width of the pulley groove is greater than the diameter of the anchor cable (1).

4. A shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation in deep surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The diameter of the fixed pulley (4) is smaller than the difference between the inner diameter of the shear sleeve (2) and the diameter of the anchor cable (1).

5. A shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation in deep surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It includes at least two fixed pulleys (4), wherein the two fixed pulleys (4) are spaced apart along the length direction of the anchor cable (1).

6. A shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation in deep surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The fixed pulley (4) is connected to the inner wall of the shear sleeve (2) by a bracket (3), and the width of the bracket (3) is greater than the rim width of the fixed pulley (4).

7. A shear anchor sleeve suitable for large deformation in deep surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a tray (6) disposed between the shear sleeve (2) and the lock (5).

8. A tunnel, characterized in that, It includes an anchor cable (1) and a shear anchor cable sleeve suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The anchor cable (1) is a pressure-reducing constant resistance anchor cable or a pressure-reducing resistance raising anchor cable.

10. A tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, If the anchor cable (1) in the anchor cable hole contains a number of steel strands, each of the steel strands is covered with a shear anchor cable sleeve as described in any one of claims 1-7, which is suitable for large deformation of deep surrounding rock, and two adjacent shear sleeves (2) are welded together.

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