Negative feedback voltage stabilizer, power module driving board and motor controller

Abstract

The utility model discloses a negative feedback voltage stabilizer, a power module driving board and a motor controller, relates to the technical field of power electronics, and realizes a temperature compensation function which is simple in circuit structure, low in cost and small in occupied area. The negative feedback voltage stabilizer comprises a voltage sampling circuit and a closed-loop regulating circuit, the voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage stabilizer and feeding back the output voltage to the closed-loop regulating circuit; the closed-loop regulation circuit is used for comparing the feedback voltage with the reference voltage and dynamically regulating the output voltage according to the deviation between the feedback voltage and the reference voltage; wherein the voltage sampling circuit is a voltage division type sampling circuit integrated with a thermosensitive device, and the feedback voltage of the voltage sampling circuit is regulated and controlled by the output voltage and the terminal voltage of the thermosensitive device at the same time, so that the closed-loop regulation circuit can dynamically compensate the temperature drift of the output voltage according to the temperature change.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a negative feedback voltage regulator, a power module driver board, and a motor controller. Background Technology

[0002] A negative feedback voltage regulator is a voltage regulation device based on the principle of negative feedback. It mainly consists of a voltage sampling circuit and a closed-loop regulation circuit. The voltage sampling circuit samples the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator in real time and feeds it back to the closed-loop regulation circuit. The closed-loop regulation circuit compares the feedback voltage with a reference voltage and dynamically adjusts the operating state of its internal power devices based on the deviation between the two, thereby dynamically adjusting the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator. This ensures that the output voltage always changes in the direction of reducing the deviation, ultimately stabilizing the feedback voltage near the reference voltage, achieving high-precision and stable output. Due to its high-precision voltage regulation capability and excellent stability, negative feedback voltage regulators are widely used in modern electronic devices. For example, in the power module driver board of a motor controller, the drive power supply typically uses a transformer-isolated open-loop power supply, and the front-end circuit of this transformer-isolated open-loop power supply usually uses a negative feedback voltage regulator.

[0003] During the operation of a negative feedback voltage regulator, its internal power devices, energy storage elements, and other key components are susceptible to parameter drift due to temperature changes. This leads to a drift in the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator with temperature variations, a phenomenon known as "temperature drift." To ensure stable operation over a wide temperature range, it is necessary to perform temperature compensation on the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator to suppress the impact of temperature on the output voltage.

[0004] Traditional temperature compensation schemes for negative feedback voltage regulators mainly involve introducing an external temperature sensor to monitor the temperature changes of key internal components of the negative feedback voltage regulator in real time and transmit the data to a processor. The processor then adjusts the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator in real time based on these temperature changes, thereby achieving output voltage stability. However, this scheme has disadvantages such as circuit complexity, high cost, and large footprint due to the need for an additional temperature sensor and processor, thus limiting its application. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a negative feedback voltage regulator, a power module driver board, and a motor controller to achieve temperature compensation function with simple circuit structure, low cost, and small footprint. The specific solution is as follows:

[0006] This application provides a negative feedback voltage regulator, including a voltage sampling circuit and a closed-loop adjustment circuit. The voltage sampling circuit samples the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator and feeds it back to the closed-loop adjustment circuit. The closed-loop adjustment circuit compares the feedback voltage with a reference voltage and dynamically adjusts the output voltage based on the deviation between the two. The voltage sampling circuit is a voltage divider sampling circuit with an integrated thermistor, and its feedback voltage is simultaneously controlled by the output voltage and the terminal voltage of the thermistor, enabling the closed-loop adjustment circuit to dynamically compensate for temperature drift of the output voltage based on temperature changes.

[0007] In one possible implementation, for a negative feedback regulator with positive temperature drift in the output voltage, the voltage sampling circuit includes: resistors R1, R2, and R3, and a thermistor D1 with a negative temperature coefficient.

[0008] The resistor R2 is connected in series with the thermistor D1 and then in parallel with the resistor R1 to form a parallel circuit structure.

[0009] The first terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the positive output terminal of the negative feedback voltage regulator; the second terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R3; the second terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the negative feedback voltage regulator.

[0010] The voltage across resistor R3 is the feedback voltage.

[0011] In one possible implementation, for a negative feedback regulator with negative temperature drift in the output voltage, the voltage sampling circuit includes: resistors R1, R2, and R3, and a thermistor D1 with a negative temperature coefficient.

[0012] The resistor R2 is connected in series with the thermistor D1 and then in parallel with the resistor R1 to form a parallel circuit structure.

[0013] The first terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the negative output terminal of the negative feedback regulator; the second terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R3; the second terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive output terminal of the negative feedback regulator.

[0014] The voltage across the parallel circuit structure is the feedback voltage.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the thermistor is a semiconductor device or a thermistor.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the semiconductor device is a diode or a controllable semiconductor device.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the negative feedback regulator is a switching regulator or a linear regulator.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the linear regulator is a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO).

[0019] In one possible implementation, the switching regulator is a flyback power supply, a Buck circuit, or a Boost circuit.

[0020] The second aspect of this application provides a power module driver board, wherein the driving power supply in the power module driver board is a transformer-isolated open-loop power supply; the front-end circuit of the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply is a negative feedback regulator of the first aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0021] A third aspect of this application provides a motor controller, including: the power module driver board provided in the second aspect above.

[0022] By employing the above technical solution, this application innovatively integrates a thermistor into the voltage sampling circuit to construct a composite feedback mechanism: the feedback voltage is simultaneously regulated by the output voltage and the voltage at the thermistor terminal, thus carrying dual parameter information of output voltage and temperature. The closed-loop regulation circuit dynamically adjusts the output voltage based on the deviation signal by comparing the feedback voltage with the reference voltage in real time, simultaneously achieving high-precision voltage regulation and temperature compensation. The temperature compensation coefficient is determined by the topology and parameters of the voltage sampling circuit, thus "cancelling" the temperature drift trend of the output voltage. This solution eliminates the need for an external temperature sensor and processor, achieving a temperature compensation function with a simple circuit structure, low cost, and small footprint through hardware-level temperature-voltage coupling design. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and the originals and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0024] Figure 1 A circuit topology diagram of a negative feedback voltage regulator provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 2 A circuit topology diagram of another negative feedback voltage regulator provided in this application;

[0026] Figure 3 The present application provides a characteristic curve of the forward voltage drop of a negative temperature coefficient diode as a function of forward current under different temperature conditions.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power module driver board provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In order to ensure the accuracy of the citations and the fluency of reading, the key technical terms, abbreviations or acronyms used in the text are summarized and explained as follows:

[0029] MOSFET: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor;

[0030] IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor;

[0031] PTC: Positive Temperature Coefficient;

[0032] NTC: Negative Temperature Coefficient;

[0033] LDO: Low Dropout Regulator;

[0034] LED: Light-Emitting Diode;

[0035] EMI: Electromagnetic Interference.

[0036] Given that the output voltage of negative feedback voltage regulators exhibits temperature drift characteristics, and that existing temperature compensation schemes require the addition of temperature sensors and processors, resulting in complex circuits, high costs, and large footprints, this application provides a negative feedback voltage regulator that achieves temperature compensation functions with simple circuit structure, low cost, and small footprint by optimizing the circuit topology.

[0037] The following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a negative feedback voltage regulator provided in an embodiment of this application. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, with technological advancements and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0038] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate; this is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of units is not necessarily limited to those units, but may include other units not explicitly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses. Additionally, the terms "one or more" in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application refer to one, two, or more; "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0039] See Figure 1 The negative feedback voltage regulator provided in this application embodiment not only has the basic architecture of a traditional negative feedback voltage regulator, but also innovatively introduces a temperature compensation design, which is described in detail below:

[0040] I. Basic Architecture

[0041] The negative feedback regulator includes a voltage sampling circuit 100 and a closed-loop regulation circuit 200;

[0042] The voltage sampling circuit 100 is connected between the positive and negative output terminals of the negative feedback regulator (the negative output terminal of the negative feedback regulator is usually grounded) and is used to sample the output voltage V of the negative feedback regulator. o The sampled voltage is fed back to the closed-loop regulation circuit 200;

[0043] The closed-loop regulation circuit 200 is used to adjust the feedback voltage V FB (i.e., the sampling voltage) and the reference voltage V ref Compare and based on the feedback voltage V FB With reference voltage V ref The deviation between the two voltages dynamically adjusts the operating state of internal power devices (such as MOSFETs or IGBTs), thereby achieving control over the output voltage V. o Dynamic adjustment makes the output voltage V o The system continuously adjusts in the direction of reducing this deviation, eventually bringing the system (i.e., the negative feedback regulator) to a steady state. "Reaching a steady state" means that after dynamic adjustment, the system enters a relatively stable equilibrium state, at which point the feedback voltage V... FB With reference voltage Vref The deviation between them is basically zero, and the output voltage V o The deviation from the target voltage must also be essentially zero. During this process, the closed-loop regulation circuit 200 can not only cope with changes in the output load, but also adapt to the input voltage V. in Fluctuations, ensuring output voltage V o The stability of the closed-loop regulating circuit 200. In an ideal negative feedback control scenario, the steady state is reached when the feedback voltage V... FB With reference voltage V ref The deviation between them is zero, at which point the output voltage V o The deviation from the target voltage must also be zero.

[0044] II. Temperature Compensation Design

[0045] To suppress output voltage V o To address the drift caused by temperature changes, this embodiment of the application designs the voltage sampling circuit 100 as a voltage divider sampling circuit integrating a thermistor. A thermistor is an electronic component that is sensitive to temperature changes, and its terminal voltage changes with temperature.

[0046] The voltage sampling circuit 100 utilizes the temperature-sensitive characteristics of a thermistor to dynamically adjust the voltage division ratio of the voltage sampling circuit 100, thereby adjusting the feedback voltage V. FB Simultaneously affected by the output voltage V o And the regulation of the voltage across the thermistor. By selecting a suitable type of thermistor (classified by the characteristic of resistance changing with temperature, thermistors are divided into PTC and NTC types. PTC thermistors have resistance that increases with increasing temperature and decreases with decreasing temperature. NTC thermistors have resistance that decreases with increasing temperature and increases with decreasing temperature. In a voltage divider sampling circuit, the voltage across the thermistor increases with increasing resistance and decreases with decreasing resistance), and by rationally designing the circuit topology of the voltage sampling circuit 100, the closed-loop regulation circuit 200 can dynamically compensate the output voltage V according to temperature changes. o Temperature drift, that is, the output voltage V caused by the change in the terminal voltage of the thermistor with temperature when the system reaches steady state. o The adjustment amount can offset (i.e. reduce or eliminate) the output voltage V. o The original temperature drift is thus reduced, thereby achieving the output voltage V. o Stability under a wide temperature range.

[0047] Specifically, the output voltage V o The drift phenomenon caused by temperature changes can be positive or negative temperature drift. Positive temperature drift refers to the output voltage V... oIt increases with increasing temperature and decreases with decreasing temperature; negative temperature drift refers to the output voltage V. o It decreases as temperature increases and increases as temperature decreases.

[0048] For the existence of output voltage V o A negative feedback voltage regulator with positive temperature drift can be constructed by selecting a suitable thermistor type and rationally designing the circuit structure of the voltage sampling circuit 100. This allows for the construction of a negative feedback voltage regulator with a negative temperature compensation coefficient. Thus, when the temperature rises, the change in the thermistor terminal voltage drives the output voltage V through the negative feedback mechanism. o This reduces the output voltage V, thereby offsetting the increase in temperature. o When the temperature increases, the voltage change at the thermistor terminals drives the output voltage V through a negative feedback mechanism; conversely, when the temperature decreases, the change in the thermistor's terminal voltage drives the output voltage V. o The voltage increases, thus offsetting the decrease in output voltage V due to temperature drop. o reduce.

[0049] For the existence of output voltage V o A negative feedback voltage regulator with negative temperature drift can be constructed by selecting a suitable thermistor type and rationally designing the circuit structure of the voltage sampling circuit 100. This allows for the construction of a negative feedback voltage regulator with a positive temperature compensation coefficient. Thus, when the temperature rises, the change in the thermistor terminal voltage drives the output voltage V through the negative feedback mechanism. o The voltage increases, thereby offsetting the increase in output voltage V due to the temperature rise. o Decrease; conversely, when the temperature decreases, the change in the voltage at the thermistor terminals drives the output voltage V through a negative feedback mechanism. o This reduces the output voltage V, thereby offsetting the decrease in output voltage due to the temperature drop. o Increase.

[0050] In summary, this application innovatively integrates a thermistor into the voltage sampling circuit 100 to construct a composite feedback mechanism: the feedback voltage is simultaneously influenced by the output voltage V. o The voltage at the terminal of the thermistor is adjusted to enable it to carry the output voltage V. o The closed-loop control circuit 200 obtains dual parameter information, including temperature. This is achieved through real-time comparison of the feedback voltage V. FB With reference voltage V ref The output voltage V is dynamically adjusted based on the deviation signal. o Simultaneously achieving high-precision voltage regulation and temperature compensation, the temperature compensation coefficient is determined by the topology and parameters of the voltage sampling circuit 100, making it consistent with the output voltage V. o The temperature drift trend is "offset". This embodiment of the application eliminates the need for an external temperature sensor and processor, achieving temperature compensation functionality with a simple circuit structure, low cost, and small footprint through hardware-level temperature-voltage coupling design.

[0051] In one possible implementation, see still Figure 1 For the existence of output voltage V o The voltage sampling circuit 100 of the positive temperature drift negative feedback voltage regulator includes: resistors R1, R2, and R3, and an NTC thermistor D1. Figure 1 (Taking NTC thermistor D1 as an example, where NTC diode is used instead of the thermistor itself); resistor R2 is connected in series with NTC thermistor D1 and then in parallel with resistor R1 to form a parallel circuit structure; the first terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the positive output of voltage regulator circuit 100; the second terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the first terminal of resistor R3; the second terminal of resistor R3 is connected to the negative output of voltage regulator circuit 100; the voltage across resistor R3 is the feedback voltage V. FB .

[0052] for Figure 1 In an ideal negative feedback control scenario, when the system reaches steady state, the following condition is met:

[0053] (1);

[0054] Among them, V F This represents the terminal voltage of the NTC thermistor D1. When the NTC thermistor D1 is a diode, V F This is the forward conduction voltage drop of the NTC-type thermistor D1.

[0055] From equation (1), we can derive:

[0056] (2).

[0057] From equation (2), it can be seen that the output voltage V o The terminal voltage V of the NTC type thermistor D1 F There is a positive correlation. As the temperature increases, the terminal voltage V of the NTC thermistor D1 also increases. F The lower the value, the lower the output voltage V. o The lower the value, the better. This results in a negative feedback regulator with a negative temperature compensation coefficient, suitable for applications with varying output voltage V. o A negative feedback voltage regulator with positive temperature drift is used for temperature compensation.

[0058] Figure 1 The NTC-type thermistor D1 used in this process can be an NTC-type diode. Figure 3 The forward voltage drop V of a negative temperature coefficient diode under different temperature conditions F (Unit: V) With forward current I F (Unit: mA) characteristic curve. Among them: Curve (1) is the forward voltage drop V of the NTC diode under the condition of ambient temperature Tamb=150℃ (high temperature environment). FWith forward current I F Typical value characteristic curve (typical value characteristic curve refers to the curve that characterizes the distribution of conventional performance parameters of a device under specific conditions based on a large amount of measured data or theoretical models). Curve (2) is the forward voltage drop V of the NTC diode under the condition of ambient temperature Tamb=25°C (normal temperature environment). F With forward current I F Typical characteristic curves of the change. Curve (3) shows the forward voltage drop V of the NTC diode under ambient temperature Tamb=25℃ (normal temperature environment). F With forward current I F The characteristic curve showing the maximum permissible value of variation.

[0059] In one possible implementation, by taking Figure 1 By reversing the connection directions of the positive and negative terminals of the voltage sampling circuit 100 and the output of the negative feedback regulator, a negative feedback regulator with a positive temperature compensation coefficient can be obtained (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), it is applicable to applications where there is an output voltage V. o A negative feedback voltage regulator with negative temperature drift is used for temperature compensation. For details, see [link to details]. Figure 2 For the existence of output voltage V o The negative feedback voltage regulator with negative temperature drift includes a voltage sampling circuit 100 comprising: resistors R1, R2, and R3, and an NTC thermistor D1; resistor R2 and the NTC thermistor D1 are connected in series, and then connected in parallel with resistor R1 to form a parallel circuit structure; the first terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the negative output terminal of the negative feedback voltage regulator; the second terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the first terminal of resistor R3; the second terminal of resistor R3 is connected to the positive output terminal of the negative feedback voltage regulator; the voltage across the parallel circuit structure is the feedback voltage V. FB .

[0060] for Figure 2 In an ideal negative feedback control scenario, when the negative feedback control reaches steady state, the following condition is met:

[0061] (3);

[0062] Among them, V F This indicates the terminal voltage of the NTC-type thermistor D1.

[0063] From equation (3), we can derive:

[0064] (4).

[0065] From equation (4), it can be seen that the output voltage V o The terminal voltage V of the NTC type thermistor D1 FNegative correlation. Because the higher the temperature, the lower the terminal voltage V of the NTC thermistor D1. F The lower the value, the lower the output voltage V. o The higher the value, the better. Thus, a negative feedback regulator with a positive temperature compensation coefficient is obtained, suitable for applications with varying output voltage V. o A negative feedback voltage regulator with negative temperature drift is used for temperature compensation.

[0066] In the negative feedback regulator provided in any of the above embodiments, the thermistor in the voltage sampling circuit 100 includes, but is not limited to, semiconductor devices and thermistors; the semiconductor devices include, but are not limited to, diodes (uncontrollable semiconductor devices) and controllable semiconductor devices; the controllable semiconductor switching devices include, but are not limited to, transistors, MOSFETs and IGBTs.

[0067] During the operation of a negative feedback voltage regulator, a voltage is applied across the thermistor, putting it in a conductive state. When the thermistor is a semiconductor device, the potential at the power input terminal must be higher than the potential at the power output terminal to keep the semiconductor device in a conducting state.

[0068] Specifically, when the thermistor is a diode (a diode has unidirectional conductivity that conducts in the forward direction and cuts off in the reverse direction), the power input terminal of the semiconductor device is the anode of the diode, and the power output terminal of the semiconductor device is the cathode of the diode.

[0069] When the thermistor is a controllable semiconductor device, its control terminal is connected to the drive circuit to keep it in a conducting state. Specifically, when the controllable semiconductor device is a MOSFET, its power input terminal is the drain, its power output terminal is the source, and its control terminal is the gate. When the controllable semiconductor device is an IGBT, its power input terminal is the collector, its power output terminal is the emitter, and its control terminal is the gate. When the controllable semiconductor device is a transistor, its power input terminal is the collector, its power output terminal is the emitter, and its control terminal is the base.

[0070] According to the voltage regulation principle and circuit structure, the negative feedback voltage regulator provided in any of the above embodiments can be classified as a linear voltage regulator or a switching voltage regulator. In a linear voltage regulator, the closed-loop regulation circuit adjusts the voltage based on the feedback voltage V. FB With reference voltage V ref The deviation between the voltage and the feedback voltage V is dynamically adjusted to regulate the voltage drop of the internal power devices, ensuring a stable output voltage. In a switching regulator, the closed-loop regulation circuit adjusts the voltage drop based on the feedback voltage V.FB With reference voltage V ref The system dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of internal power devices to compensate for deviations in voltage output, ensuring stable output voltage.

[0071] The linear regulator is, for example, an LDO, which can maintain a stable output even when the difference between the input and output voltages is extremely low (e.g., the difference is as low as tens to hundreds of millivolts).

[0072] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The closed-loop regulation circuit 200 shown is only an example of the closed-loop regulation circuit in an LDO, which includes an operational amplifier and power devices; the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier receives a reference voltage V. ref The inverting input of the operational amplifier receives a feedback voltage V. FB The output of the operational amplifier is connected to the control terminal of the power device; the power input terminal of the power device receives the input voltage V. in The power output terminal of this power device is connected to the positive output terminal of a negative feedback voltage regulator. When the output voltage V o Due to load changes or input voltage V in When the feedback voltage fluctuates and deviates from the target voltage, the feedback voltage V ref Consequently, this operational amplifier, acting as an error amplification stage, will compare the feedback voltage V in real time. FB With reference voltage V ref Deviation: If the output voltage V o The increase leads to an increase in feedback voltage V FB Feedback voltage V ref The operational amplifier outputs a low-level signal, reducing the conduction level of the power device and increasing its voltage drop, thereby lowering the output voltage V. o If the output voltage V o The reduction leads to a decrease in feedback voltage V FB <Feedback voltage V ref The operational amplifier outputs a high-level signal, enhancing the conduction capability of the power devices, reducing the voltage drop across the power devices, and thus increasing the output voltage V. o Ultimately, this causes the feedback voltage V to... FB With reference voltage V ref The deviation is suppressed within the allowable deviation range, thereby ensuring the output voltage V. o Stability.

[0073] The switching regulator is, for example, a flyback power supply, a Buck circuit, a Boost circuit, etc.

[0074] The flyback power supply is a switching power supply based on the flyback topology. It realizes energy storage and transfer through a high-frequency transformer and has functions of voltage conversion and electrical isolation at the same time. It controls the energy storage and release of the transformer by the on-off of the switching tube, has a compact structure, and is suitable for medium and small power scenarios, such as adapters, LED drivers, etc.

[0075] The Buck circuit is a common step-down DC-DC converter. Its core function is to convert the input DC voltage into a lower regulated output voltage while efficiently managing energy. The output voltage V o =V in ×D; where D is the duty cycle of the power device inside the Buck circuit, that is, the ratio of the conduction time of the power device to the period, and 0 < D < 1. This formula reveals the step-down characteristic of the Buck circuit. The Buck circuit can linearly control the output voltage V o : when D increases, the output voltage V o approaches the input voltage V in ; when D decreases, the output voltage V o decreases accordingly.

[0076] The Boost circuit is a common boost-type DC-DC converter. Its core function is to boost the input DC voltage to a higher stable output voltage while maintaining a high conversion efficiency. The output voltage V o =V in / (1 - D), where D is the duty cycle of the power device inside the Boost circuit, that is, the ratio of the conduction time of the power device to the period, and 0 < D < 1. This formula reveals the boost characteristic of the Boost circuit: when the duty cycle D increases, the denominator 1 - D decreases, resulting in a significant increase in the output voltage Vo; when the duty cycle D decreases, the denominator 1 - D increases, resulting in a significant decrease in the output voltage Vo.

[0077] In Figure 1 and / or Figure 2 , the resistor R1 can be a single resistor or a series, parallel, or series-parallel combination of multiple resistors, without limitation. Similarly, the resistor R2 can be a single resistor or a series, parallel, or series-parallel combination of multiple resistors. The resistor R3 can be a single resistor or a series, parallel, or series-parallel combination of multiple resistors.

[0078] In addition, as Figure 4 shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides a power module drive board. The drive power supply in this power module drive board is a transformer-isolated open-loop power supply; the front-stage circuit of this transformer-isolated open-loop power supply is any negative feedback voltage regulator provided by the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the negative feedback voltage regulator is used to regulate the input voltage V inInitial voltage regulation and adjustment are performed to output a stable DC voltage; the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply is used to adjust the output voltage V of the switching regulator circuit. o Converted to the driving voltage of the power module.

[0079] exist Figure 4 In this context, negative feedback regulators, due to their simple circuit structure, low cost, and small footprint, effectively suppress the impact of ambient temperature changes on power output stability. Under different operating conditions, whether it's device parameter drift caused by high temperatures or power supply fluctuations caused by low temperatures, the negative feedback mechanism can respond quickly, dynamically adjusting the output voltage to ensure the power module always operates in its optimal state.

[0080] Meanwhile, the combined design of power modules and negative feedback voltage regulators significantly simplifies the complex closed-loop control logic of traditional drive power supplies while ensuring isolation and safety. The transformer-isolated open-loop power supply focuses solely on voltage conversion, utilizing magnetic coupling to achieve electrical isolation and avoid mutual interference between the power module and the preceding circuitry, further enhancing system reliability. This modular design approach allows the power module driver board to meet the requirements of high isolation and high conversion efficiency while leveraging the low-cost advantage of negative feedback voltage regulators to reduce overall production costs. It is particularly suitable for applications with stringent space and economic requirements, such as industrial automation and new energy vehicles.

[0081] Furthermore, the synergistic operation of the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply and the negative feedback regulator effectively reduces EMI. The stable DC output of the negative feedback regulator provides a clean input source for the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply, reducing harmonic interference from the switching devices within the power supply. Meanwhile, the isolation characteristics of the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply further block the transmission path of interference signals, ensuring stable operation of the entire power module driver board even in complex electromagnetic environments, providing dual protection for the efficient driving of the power module.

[0082] In addition, this application embodiment also provides a motor controller, including: any of the power module driver boards provided in this application embodiment.

[0083] Integrating this power module driver board into the motor controller significantly improves the overall performance of the motor system. Thanks to the collaborative design of the negative feedback voltage regulator and the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply in the driver board, the motor controller can achieve precise and efficient drive control under complex operating conditions. On one hand, the stable drive voltage output effectively reduces torque ripple during motor operation, minimizing mechanical vibration and noise caused by voltage fluctuations and extending motor lifespan. On the other hand, excellent electromagnetic compatibility allows the controller to be adapted to various sensitive sensors and communication modules, ensuring the accuracy of motor control signal transmission and avoiding the risk of malfunctions in scenarios with stringent electromagnetic environment requirements, such as industrial automation and new energy vehicles.

[0084] Furthermore, the low cost and small size of this power module driver board allow for the more compact integration of the motor controller into the equipment, saving installation space and reducing overall material costs. This design advantage is particularly suitable for fields with urgent needs for lightweight and high integration, such as aerospace and robotics. By combining the high efficiency of the power module driver board with the controller algorithm, the motor can achieve rapid dynamic response and maintain stable output even in frequent start-stop and variable speed operation modes, providing a solid hardware foundation for improving the intelligence and reliability of the motor control system.

[0085] The power module driver board and motor controller provided in this application cover all the technical features of the negative feedback regulator in the previous embodiments, and the circuit structure, working principle and performance advantages of the negative feedback regulator have been described in detail in the previous embodiments. Therefore, the technical features of the negative feedback regulator can be directly inherited and reused in the description of the power module driver board and motor controller. The relevant content can be referred to the description of the negative feedback regulator embodiment, and will not be described in detail again.

[0086] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, the embodiments of this application are not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A negative feedback voltage regulator, comprising a voltage sampling circuit and a closed-loop adjustment circuit; the voltage sampling circuit is used to sample the output voltage of the negative feedback voltage regulator and feed it back to the closed-loop adjustment circuit; the closed-loop adjustment circuit is used to compare the feedback voltage with a reference voltage and dynamically adjust the output voltage according to the deviation between the two; characterized in that: The voltage sampling circuit is a voltage divider sampling circuit with an integrated thermistor. Its feedback voltage is simultaneously regulated by the output voltage and the terminal voltage of the thermistor, enabling the closed-loop regulation circuit to dynamically compensate for the temperature drift of the output voltage according to temperature changes.

2. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, For a negative feedback regulator with positive temperature drift in output voltage, the voltage sampling circuit includes: resistors R1, R2, and R3, and a thermistor D1 with a negative temperature coefficient. The resistor R2 is connected in series with the thermistor D1 and then in parallel with the resistor R1 to form a parallel circuit structure. The first terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the positive output terminal of the negative feedback voltage regulator; the second terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R3; the second terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the negative output terminal of the negative feedback voltage regulator. The voltage across resistor R3 is the feedback voltage.

3. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, For a negative feedback regulator with negative temperature drift in output voltage, the voltage sampling circuit includes: resistors R1, R2, and R3, and a thermistor D1 with a negative temperature coefficient. The resistor R2 is connected in series with the thermistor D1 and then in parallel with the resistor R1 to form a parallel circuit structure. The first terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the negative output terminal of the negative feedback regulator; the second terminal of the parallel circuit structure is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R3; the second terminal of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive output terminal of the negative feedback regulator. The voltage across the parallel circuit structure is the feedback voltage.

4. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermistor is a semiconductor device or a thermistor.

5. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The semiconductor device is a diode or a controllable semiconductor device.

6. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The negative feedback regulator is either a switching regulator or a linear regulator.

7. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The linear regulator is a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO).

8. The negative feedback voltage regulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The switching regulator is a flyback power supply, a Buck circuit, or a Boost circuit.

9. A power module driver board, characterized in that, The driving power supply in the power module driver board is a transformer-isolated open-loop power supply; the front-end circuit of the transformer-isolated open-loop power supply is the negative feedback regulator as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A motor controller, characterized in that, include: The power module driver board as described in claim 9.

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