Helium circulating cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnet

Abstract

The utility model discloses a helium circulation cooling structure suitable for a superconducting magnet. The helium circulation cooling structure comprises a first cooling assembly, a first heat exchange assembly, a second cooling assembly and a refrigeration part. The first cooling assembly comprises a cooling plate and a first cooling pipe which is fixedly mounted on the cooling plate and is in thermal conduction with the cooling plate, the first heat exchange assembly comprises a first heat exchange pipe which is fixedly and annularly arranged on the outer wall surface of the thermal radiation shielding cover, and the second cooling assembly comprises a second cooling pipe which is annularly arranged on the outer wall surface of the superconducting magnet and is in thermal conduction with the superconducting magnet. And the first cold head of the refrigeration part is fixedly connected with the cooling plate and is in thermal conduction with the cooling plate. When the superconducting magnet is cooled, helium is subjected to secondary cooling through the first heat exchange pipe and the first cooling pipe, the temperature of the helium is greatly reduced, then the helium enters the second cooling pipe to cool the superconducting magnet, and therefore the cooling cost of the superconducting magnet is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of superconducting magnet cooling technology, and particularly relates to a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnet devices are instruments that utilize the zero-resistance characteristic of superconducting materials at extremely low temperatures to generate strong magnetic fields. They are widely used in various high-tech fields such as medicine, scientific research, energy, and transportation. Their core advantage lies in resistance-free operation, which significantly reduces energy consumption and generates stable, high-intensity magnetic fields.

[0003] In existing technologies, common superconducting magnet devices include stellarators, superconducting current limiters, and tokamak. When using superconducting magnet devices, it is necessary to cool the superconducting magnets inside to maintain the zero resistance state of the superconducting material, thereby generating a stable and high-intensity magnetic field and ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the device.

[0004] In existing technologies, cooling the superconducting magnet in a superconducting magnet device requires immersing it in liquid helium. The liquid helium cools the superconducting magnet, thereby reducing its temperature and maintaining its zero-resistance state. However, liquid helium is expensive, and it needs to be replenished periodically during cooling. Therefore, existing technologies for cooling superconducting magnets in superconducting magnet devices suffer from high cooling costs. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that when cooling the superconducting magnet of a superconducting magnet device with liquid helium, the superconducting magnet needs to be immersed in liquid helium. Due to the high cost of liquid helium and the need for regular replenishment, there is a problem of high cooling costs.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model discloses a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets, including: a first cooling component, a first heat exchange component, a second cooling component, and a refrigeration component; the first cooling component includes a cooling plate and a first cooling pipe fixedly installed on the cooling plate and thermally connected to the cooling plate, and one end of the first cooling pipe is provided with a first air inlet and the other end is provided with a first air outlet, and the cooling plate is disposed on or used as the top plate of a heat radiation shield; the first heat exchange component includes a first heat exchange pipe, the first heat exchange pipe is fixedly ringed on the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield and is thermally connected to each other, the first heat exchange pipe includes a first cooling channel and a first return channel, one end of the first cooling channel has a first main air inlet and the other end has a first main air outlet connected to the first air inlet pipe, one end of the first return channel is provided with a first side return port and the other end is provided with a first side outlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the second cooling assembly includes a second cooling pipe that is arranged around the outer wall of the superconducting magnet and is thermally connected to the superconducting magnet. One end of the second cooling pipe is provided with a second air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second air outlet that is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe. The superconducting magnet is located in the cavity enclosed by the thermal radiation shield. The first cold head of the cooling component is fixedly connected to the cooling plate and is thermally connected to each other.

[0008] Using the above technical solution, when cooling the superconducting magnet through this helium circulation cooling structure, the cooling plate is cooled by the first cold head of the cooling component. Since the cooling plate can serve as the top plate of the heat radiation shield, or be mounted on the top plate of the heat radiation shield, the heat radiation shield is cooled by the cooling plate, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat radiation shield. At this time, helium enters the first cooling channel of the first heat exchange tube from the first main inlet. Because the first heat exchange tube fixing ring is located on the outer wall of the heat radiation shield and is thermally conductive to each other, the helium in the first cooling channel will... The outer wall of the heat radiation shield undergoes initial cooling. Helium then enters the first cooling pipe via the first cooling channel, the first main outlet, and the first inlet. Due to thermal conductivity between the cooling plate and the first cooling pipe, the helium in the first cooling pipe undergoes secondary cooling by the cooling plate. Helium then enters the second cooling pipe via the first cooling pipe, the first outlet, and the second inlet. Since the superconducting magnet is thermally connected to the second cooling pipe, when the superconducting magnet generates heat during use, the secondary-cooled helium can be used to cool and dissipate heat through the second cooling pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, after the helium gas cools the superconducting magnet in the second cooling tube, it enters the first return channel through the second outlet and the first side return port, and then the helium gas is discharged from the first outlet after passing through the first return channel.

[0010] In summary, the helium circulation cooling structure for superconducting magnets described in this application significantly reduces the temperature of the helium by first passing it through a first heat exchange tube and a first cooling tube. Then, the helium enters a second cooling tube to cool the superconducting magnet. This ensures that the superconducting magnet remains in a zero-resistance state while cooling it with helium. Furthermore, the helium circulates through the first heat exchange tube, the first cooling tube, and the second cooling tube during cooling, allowing for reuse within the tubes and reducing helium loss. This significantly lowers the cooling cost of the superconducting magnet.

[0011] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. The interior of the thermal radiation shield has a cavity, and the top of the thermal radiation shield has an opening communicating with the cavity in the height direction of the thermal radiation shield. The superconducting magnet extends along the height direction of the thermal radiation shield and is disposed in the cavity, and a cooling plate is fixedly covered by the opening.

[0012] Furthermore, the helium circulation cooling structure also includes a third cooling component, which is disposed within the cavity of the thermal radiation shield. In the height direction of the thermal radiation shield, the third cooling component is located between the first cooling component and the superconducting magnet. The third cooling component includes a cold-conducting plate and a third cooling pipe. The cold-conducting plate is directly opposite the cooling plate in the height direction of the thermal radiation shield. The third cooling pipe is fixedly installed on the cold-conducting plate and is thermally connected to the cooling plate. One end of the third cooling pipe is provided with a third air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a third air outlet that is connected to the second air inlet pipe, so that the second air inlet is connected to the first air outlet pipe through the third cooling pipe.

[0013] Using the above technical solution, when cooling the superconducting magnet through this helium circulation cooling structure, the second cold head of the cooling component cools the cold-conducting plate. Then, the helium gas undergoes secondary cooling through the first heat exchange tube and the first cooling tube, and then enters the third cooling tube through the third inlet. Since there is thermal conductivity between the cold-conducting plate and the third cooling tube, the helium gas in the third cooling tube is cooled a third time by the cold-conducting plate, further reducing the temperature of the helium gas. Then, the helium gas enters the second cooling tube through the third outlet and the second inlet to cool the superconducting magnet. At this time, because the temperature of the helium gas is even lower, the cooling effect on the superconducting magnet is better, further achieving the goal of keeping the superconducting magnet in a zero-resistance state.

[0014] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. The helium gas circulation cooling structure further includes a second heat exchange component, which is disposed in the cavity of the thermal radiation shield. In the height direction of the thermal radiation shield, the second heat exchange component is located between the first cooling component and the second cooling component.

[0015] The second heat exchange component includes a second heat exchange tube and a fixing component. The second heat exchange tube extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the heat radiation shield. One end of the fixing component is fixedly connected to the second heat exchange tube, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the cooling plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the second heat exchange tube includes a second cooling channel and a second reflux channel that are thermally connected to each other. One end of the second cooling channel is provided with a second main air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second main air outlet that is connected to the third air inlet pipe, so that the third air inlet is connected to the first air outlet pipe through the second cooling channel. One end of the second reflux channel is provided with a second side return air outlet that is connected to the second air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second side air outlet that is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe, so that the second air outlet is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe through the second reflux channel.

[0017] Using the above technical solution, the temperature of helium rises after it enters the second cooling pipe and cools the superconducting magnet. Therefore, when the helium flows back into the first reflux channel, its temperature also rises, making it difficult to cool when it recirculates back into the first cooling channel. Therefore, by setting a second heat exchange component, when this helium circulation cooling structure cools the superconducting magnet, the helium, after being cooled by the first cooling pipe, enters the second cooling channel through the first outlet and the second main inlet. Then, it sequentially passes through the third cooling pipe and the second cooling tube to cool the superconducting magnet before entering the second reflux channel through the second outlet and the second side return port. Since the second cooling channel and the second reflux channel are thermally connected, the helium entering from the second cooling channel cools the helium exiting from the second reflux channel, resulting in a lower temperature for the discharged helium and avoiding the problem of it being difficult to cool when it recirculates back into the first cooling channel.

[0018] In addition, it should be understood that after the helium is cooled by the second cooling channel during the discharge process through the second return channel, it enters the first return channel through the second side outlet and the first side return port, and then is discharged from the first side outlet to the helium compression device, and then the helium is compressed by the helium compression device and enters the first main inlet.

[0019] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets, wherein the first heat exchange tube includes a first inlet pipe and a first outlet pipe, and the first inlet pipe is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first outlet pipe.

[0020] The first exhaust pipe has a first return channel formed along its length. Along the length of the first exhaust pipe, a plurality of first support sleeves are also fitted on the outer circumferential surface of the first exhaust pipe. The plurality of first support sleeves are spaced apart along the length of the first exhaust pipe. Each first support sleeve has a plurality of first support protrusions on its outer circumferential surface. The plurality of first support protrusions are spaced apart along the circumference of the first support sleeve. The part of each first support protrusion away from the first support sleeve abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the first intake pipe, so that a first cooling channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the first exhaust pipe and the inner circumferential surface of the first intake pipe.

[0021] Furthermore, the first main air inlet and the first side air outlet are located at one end of the first heat exchange tube, and the first main air outlet and the first side air return outlet are located at the other end of the first heat exchange tube.

[0022] Using the above technical solution, since the first inlet pipe is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first outlet pipe, the first inlet pipe is in direct contact with the outer wall of the heat radiation shield. When helium enters the first inlet pipe from the first main inlet, it can be quickly cooled by the heat radiation shield. In addition, when the helium is cooled by the second cooling channel during the discharge process through the second return channel, it enters the first outlet pipe through the second side outlet and the first side return port, and is discharged to the external helium compression device from the first side outlet.

[0023] Furthermore, since the first air inlet pipe is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first air outlet pipe, the internal and external pipeline design of the first heat exchange tube is realized, which saves space when the first heat exchange tube is installed on the outer wall of the heat radiation shield, and is easy to install, making it suitable for compact superconducting magnet equipment.

[0024] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. The first heat exchange tube extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the thermal radiation shield. The first heat exchange assembly also includes a plurality of mounting components arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the thermal radiation shield.

[0025] Each mounting component includes a pair of first clamps extending along the height direction of the heat radiation shield. In the radial direction of the heat radiation shield, the pair of first clamps are arranged opposite to each other and are fixedly installed to the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield. Along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, a plurality of first through holes are formed between the pair of first clamps at intervals, and the first heat exchange tube passes through the plurality of first through holes in sequence.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the first heat exchange tube extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, thereby increasing the heat exchange area between the first heat exchange tube and the heat radiation shield and improving the first cooling effect of helium.

[0027] In addition, by limiting the first heat exchange tube with each pair of first clamps and fixing the first heat exchange tube to the outer wall of the radiation shield, the risk of the first heat exchange tube shaking when helium is compressed into the first heat exchange tube is avoided.

[0028] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. When viewed along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, the second heat exchange tube is located at the circumferential edge of the cold-conducting plate. The second heat exchange tube includes a second inlet pipe and a second outlet pipe, with the second inlet pipe sleeved around the outer periphery of the second outlet pipe.

[0029] Furthermore, a second return channel is formed within the second exhaust pipe along its length. Along the length of the second exhaust pipe, a plurality of second support sleeves are also fitted on the outer circumferential surface of the second exhaust pipe, and the plurality of second support sleeves are spaced apart along the length of the second exhaust pipe. Each second support sleeve has a plurality of second support protrusions on its outer circumferential surface, and the plurality of second support protrusions are spaced apart along the circumference of the second support sleeve. The portion of each second support protrusion away from the second support sleeve abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the second intake pipe, so that a second cooling channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the second exhaust pipe and the inner circumferential surface of the second intake pipe.

[0030] Furthermore, the second main air inlet and the second side air outlet are located at one end of the second heat exchange tube, while the second main air outlet and the second side air return outlet are located at the other end of the second heat exchange tube.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, since the second inlet pipe is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second outlet pipe, when the helium gas after secondary cooling flows through the second inlet pipe and the helium gas after heat exchange flows through the second outlet pipe, the heat dissipation area of ​​the helium gas in the second outlet pipe is increased. This allows the helium gas discharged from the second outlet pipe to be cooled quickly, resulting in a lower temperature of the discharged helium gas and avoiding the problem that the helium gas is not easily cooled when it recirculates into the first cooling channel.

[0032] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets, wherein the second heat exchange component includes a plurality of fixed components arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the heat radiation shield.

[0033] Each fixing component includes a pair of second clamping plates and a first pull rod. The pair of second clamping plates extend along the height direction of the heat radiation shield. One end of the pull rod is fixedly installed on the pair of second clamping plates, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the cooling plate. In the radial direction of the heat radiation shield, the pair of second clamping plates are arranged opposite to each other and are fixedly installed on the corresponding side of their respective second heat exchange tubes. Along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, a plurality of second through holes are formed between the pair of second clamping plates at intervals. The second heat exchange tubes pass through the plurality of second through holes in sequence.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the second heat exchange tube is limited by each pair of second clamps, and the second heat exchange tube is suspended in the cavity of the heat radiation shield by the first pull rod, thereby avoiding the risk of the second heat exchange tube shaking when helium enters the second heat exchange tube.

[0035] Furthermore, since the second heat exchange tube is suspended inside the cavity of the thermal radiation shield by the second tie rod, and since the cavity is in a vacuum state, the risk of heat exchange between the second heat exchange tube and the inner wall of the cavity is avoided.

[0036] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. A spirally extending groove is provided on one side of the cooling plate. A first cooling pipe passes through the groove sequentially along the length direction of the groove, and at least partially is fixedly embedded in the groove in the height direction of the heat radiation shield. A spirally extending mounting groove is provided on one side of the cooling plate. A third cooling pipe passes through the mounting groove sequentially along the length direction of the mounting groove, and at least partially is fixedly embedded in the mounting groove in the height direction of the heat radiation shield.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, a spirally extending groove is provided on one side of the cooling plate, and the first cooling pipe passes through the groove sequentially along the length of the groove, so that the helium gas has a longer flow path when flowing through the first cooling pipe, so that the helium gas can be completely cooled; in addition, the first cooling pipe is at least partially fixedly embedded in the groove in the height direction of the heat radiation shield, thereby increasing the contact area between the first cooling pipe and the cooling plate, so that the helium gas can be rapidly cooled in the first cooling pipe.

[0038] Furthermore, a spirally extending mounting groove is provided on one side of the cooling plate, and the third cooling pipe passes through the mounting groove sequentially along its length, so that the helium gas has a longer flow path when flowing through the third cooling pipe, allowing the helium gas to be further cooled; in addition, in the height direction of the heat radiation shield, the third cooling pipe is at least partially fixedly embedded in the mounting groove, thereby increasing the contact area between the third cooling pipe and the cooling plate, so that the helium gas can be rapidly cooled in the third cooling pipe.

[0039] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. The outer periphery of the heat radiation shield is covered with an outer shell, the cooling component is fixedly installed on the outer shell, and a receiving cavity is formed between the inner wall surface of the outer shell and the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield. The heat radiation shield is suspended in the receiving cavity, and the superconducting magnet is suspended in the cavity.

[0040] The first cooling assembly also includes a plurality of second tie rods located within the receiving cavity, and a plurality of third tie rods located within the cavity; the plurality of second tie rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the heat radiation shield, one end of each second tie rod is fixedly installed on the side of the cooling plate away from the cold conducting plate, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the top wall of the receiving cavity; the plurality of third tie rods are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the heat radiation shield, one end of each third tie rod is fixedly installed on the side of the cooling plate near the cold conducting plate, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the top wall of the superconducting magnet.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, the heat radiation shield is suspended in the receiving cavity by multiple second tie rods, thereby increasing the contact area between the heat radiation shield and the outer shell, and thus reducing the risk that the heat will be quickly conducted to the external environment after the heat radiation shield is cooled by the cooling component.

[0042] In addition, by setting multiple third tie rods, the superconducting magnet is prevented from coming into contact with the thermal radiation shield, thus avoiding the risk of the superconducting magnet heating the thermal radiation shield during operation.

[0043] Furthermore, the embodiments of this utility model also disclose a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets. The helium gas circulation cooling structure further includes a helium gas inlet pipe, a helium gas outlet pipe, a first self-sealing joint, a second self-sealing joint, a transfer pipe assembly, and a helium gas compressor.

[0044] One end of the helium inlet pipe is connected to the first main inlet via an inlet sealing joint, and the other end passes through the outer shell and is connected to one end of the first self-sealing joint. The other end of the first self-sealing joint is connected to the supply port of the helium compressor. One end of the helium outlet pipe is connected to the first side outlet via an exhaust sealing joint, and the other end passes through the outer shell and is connected to one end of the second self-sealing joint. The other end of the second self-sealing joint is connected to the return port of the helium compressor.

[0045] The adapter assembly includes multiple adapters, each adapter having a pair of adapter sealing joints at both ends, and each adapter having its ends connected to a corresponding air port via a pair of adapter sealing joints.

[0046] Using the above technical solution, when cooling the superconducting magnet through this helium circulation cooling structure, helium is compressed by a helium compressor and enters the helium inlet pipe through the first self-sealing joint. After passing through the helium inlet pipe, the helium sequentially passes through the first cooling channel, the first cooling pipe, the second cooling channel, the third cooling pipe, the second cooling pipe, the second reflux channel, and the first reflux channel before entering the helium outlet pipe. After passing through the helium outlet pipe, the helium enters the helium compressor again through the second self-sealing joint, thereby completing the helium circulation cooling and ensuring that the superconducting magnet maintains a zero-resistance state.

[0047] Furthermore, by setting each end of the transfer pipe to be connected to the corresponding gas port through a pair of transfer sealing joints, the helium circulation cooling structure can be spliced ​​to form a complete circulation pipeline. The transfer sealing joints and transfer pipes have the advantages of easy disassembly, easy installation and easy replacement of parts, and meet the spatial arrangement requirements of this helium circulation cooling structure during assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of the helium gas circulation cooling structure provided in this embodiment of the present invention when it is installed on a superconducting device;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first heat exchange component provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section A;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the first cooling assembly provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of the third cooling component provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second heat exchange component provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0054] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of section B.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0056] 1. First cooling assembly;

[0057] 10. Cooling plate; 11. First cooling pipe; 12. Second tie rod; 13. Third tie rod;

[0058] 2. First heat exchange component;

[0059] 20. First heat exchange tube; 21. First cooling channel; 22. First reflux channel;

[0060] 200. First intake pipe; 201. First exhaust pipe;

[0061] 23. First support sleeve;

[0062] 230. First support protrusion;

[0063] 34. Install components;

[0064] 340. First plywood;

[0065] 3. Second cooling component;

[0066] 30. Second cooling pipe;

[0067] 4. Refrigeration components;

[0068] 40. First cold head; 41. Second cold head;

[0069] 5. Third cooling component;

[0070] 50. Third cooling pipe; 51. Cooling plate;

[0071] 6. Second heat exchange component;

[0072] 60. Second heat exchange tube; 61. Second cooling channel; 62. Second reflux channel;

[0073] 600. Second air intake pipe; 601. Second air outlet pipe;

[0074] 63. Second support sleeve;

[0075] 630. Second support protrusion;

[0076] 64. Fixed components;

[0077] 640. Second clamping plate; 641. First pull rod;

[0078] 7. Helium inlet pipe;

[0079] 70. Helium vent pipe; 71. First self-sealing connector; 72. Second self-sealing connector; 73. First adapter pipe; 74. Second adapter pipe; 75. Third adapter pipe; 76. Fourth adapter pipe; 77. Fifth adapter pipe; 78. Sixth adapter pipe; 79. VCR connector;

[0080] 8. Heat radiation shielding cover;

[0081] 80. Cavity; 81. Superconducting magnet; 82. Outer shell; 83. Receiving cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0082] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0083] First, we will explain how superconducting magnets are protected when applied to superconducting devices.

[0084] like Figure 1As shown, when a superconducting magnet 81 is applied to a superconducting device, a thermal radiation shield 8 is provided, and the interior of the thermal radiation shield 8 has a cavity 80. In the height direction of the thermal radiation shield 8, the top of the thermal radiation shield 8 has an opening that communicates with the cavity 80, and the superconducting magnet 81 extends along the height direction of the thermal radiation shield 8 and is disposed in the cavity 80.

[0085] Furthermore, in some superconducting devices, an outer shell 82 is also provided around the outer periphery of the thermal radiation shield 8, and a receiving cavity 83 is formed between the inner wall surface of the outer shell 82 and the outer wall surface of the thermal radiation shield 8, thereby further isolating the external environment.

[0086] Furthermore, this helium gas circulating cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets will be described in detail.

[0087] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a helium gas circulation cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets, including: a first cooling component 1, a first heat exchange component 2, a second cooling component 3, and a refrigeration component 4.

[0088] Specifically, the first cooling assembly 1 includes a cooling plate 10 and a first cooling pipe 11 fixedly mounted on the cooling plate 10 and in thermal communication with the cooling plate 10 (see [link to article]). Figure 4 The first cooling pipe 11 has a first air inlet at one end and a first air outlet at the other end. The cooling plate 10 is disposed on or used as the top plate of the heat radiation shield 8. The first cold head 40 of the refrigeration component 4 is fixedly connected to the cooling plate 10 and is thermally connected to it. When the first cold head 40 cools the cooling plate 10, the helium gas enters the first cooling pipe 11 and is first cooled by the cooling plate 10, and then the helium gas is cooled by the first cooling pipe 11.

[0089] It should be noted that the refrigeration component 4 is fixedly installed on the outer casing 82, and the refrigeration component 4 can be a refrigeration machine, compressor, condenser, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0090] More specifically, the first heat exchange assembly 2 includes a first heat exchange tube 20, which is fixed in a ring on the outer wall of the heat radiation shield 8 and is thermally connected to each other. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The first heat exchange tube 20 includes a first cooling channel 21 and a first return channel 22. One end of the first cooling channel 21 has a first main air inlet and the other end has a first main air outlet connected to the first air inlet pipe. One end of the first return channel 22 is provided with a first side return air inlet and the other end is provided with a first side air outlet.

[0091] More specifically, the second cooling assembly 3 includes a second cooling pipe 30 that is arranged around the outer wall of the superconducting magnet 81 and is thermally connected to the superconducting magnet 81. One end of the second cooling pipe 30 is provided with a second air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second air outlet that is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe. The superconducting magnet 81 is located in the cavity 80 enclosed by the thermal radiation shield 8. The first cold head 40 of the cooling component 4 is fixedly connected to the cooling plate 10 and is thermally connected to each other.

[0092] The cooling principle of this helium circulation cooling structure for superconducting magnets is as follows: When cooling the superconducting magnet 81 using this helium circulation cooling structure, the cooling plate 10 is cooled by the first cold head 40 of the cooling component 4. Since the cooling plate 10 can serve as the top plate of the heat radiation shield 8, or be placed on the top plate of the heat radiation shield 8, the heat radiation shield 8 will be cooled by the cooling plate 10, thereby reducing the temperature of both the cooling plate 10 and the heat radiation shield 8. At this time, helium gas enters the first cooling channel 21 of the first heat exchange tube 20 from the first main inlet. Because the first heat exchange tube 20 is fixed to the outer wall of the heat radiation shield 8 and is thermally connected to each other, the first cooling channel 21... The helium gas inside the heat radiation shield 8 is cooled for the first time by the outer wall of the heat radiation shield 8. Then, the helium gas enters the first cooling pipe 11 through the first cooling channel 21, the first main outlet, and the first inlet. Since the cooling plate 10 and the first cooling pipe 11 are thermally connected, the helium gas in the first cooling pipe 11 is cooled for the second time by the cooling plate 10. Then, the helium gas enters the second cooling pipe 30 through the first cooling pipe 11, the first outlet, and the second inlet. Since the superconducting magnet 81 is thermally connected to the second cooling pipe 30, when the superconducting magnet 81 heats up during use, the superconducting magnet 81 can be cooled and dissipated by the helium gas after secondary cooling through the second cooling pipe 30.

[0093] In addition, after the helium gas cools the superconducting magnet 81 in the second cooling tube, it enters the first return channel 22 through the second outlet and the first side return port, and then the helium gas is discharged from the first outlet after passing through the first return channel 22.

[0094] In summary, the helium circulation cooling structure for superconducting magnets described in this application significantly reduces the temperature of the helium gas by passing it through the first heat exchange tube 20 and the first cooling tube 11 for secondary cooling. The helium gas then enters the second cooling tube 30 to cool the superconducting magnet 81. This ensures that the superconducting magnet 81 remains in a zero-resistance state while cooling it with helium. Furthermore, the helium gas circulates within the first heat exchange tube 20, the first cooling tube 11, and the second cooling tube 30 during cooling, thereby greatly reducing the cooling cost of the superconducting magnet 81.

[0095] Furthermore, in one implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, to improve the cooling effect of this helium circulation cooling structure, the cooling plate 10 is fixedly covered by the opening. The helium circulation cooling structure also includes a third cooling component 5, which is disposed in the cavity 80 of the heat radiation shield 8. In the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, the third cooling component 5 is located between the first cooling component 1 and the superconducting magnet 81. The third cooling component 5 includes a cold-conducting plate 51 and a third cooling pipe 50. The cold-conducting plate 51 is directly opposite the cooling plate 10 in the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8. The third cooling pipe 50 is fixedly installed on the cold-conducting plate 51 and is thermally connected to the cooling plate 10. One end of the third cooling pipe 50 is provided with a third air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a third air outlet that is connected to the second air inlet pipe, so that the second air inlet is connected to the first air outlet pipe through the third cooling pipe 50.

[0096] Specifically, by setting the third cooling component 5, when cooling the superconducting magnet 81 through this helium circulation cooling structure, the second cold head 41 of the cooling component 4 cools the cold-conducting plate 51. Then, the helium gas undergoes secondary cooling through the first heat exchange tube 20 and the first cooling tube 11, and then enters the third cooling tube 50 through the third air inlet. Since there is thermal conductivity between the cold-conducting plate 51 and the third cooling tube 50, the helium gas in the third cooling tube 50 will be cooled for the third time by the cold-conducting plate 51, further reducing the temperature of the helium gas. Then, the helium gas enters the second cooling tube 30 through the third air outlet and the second air inlet to cool the superconducting magnet 81. At this time, because the temperature of the helium gas is even lower, the cooling effect on the superconducting magnet 81 is better, further achieving the purpose of keeping the superconducting magnet 81 in a zero-resistance state.

[0097] Furthermore, in one implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, to increase the cooling effect of the cooling plate 10 on the first cooling pipe 11, a spirally extending groove is provided on one side of the cooling plate 10. The first cooling pipe 11 passes through the groove sequentially along its length, thus providing a longer flow path for the helium gas as it flows through the first cooling pipe 11, allowing the helium gas to be completely cooled. Furthermore, in the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, the first cooling pipe 11 is at least partially embedded in the groove, thereby increasing the contact area between the first cooling pipe 11 and the cooling plate 10, allowing the helium gas to be rapidly cooled within the first cooling pipe 11. It should be understood that the first cooling pipe 11 being at least partially embedded in the groove can mean that 1 / 3, 1 / 2, or all of its radial dimension is embedded in the groove; this embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0098] Furthermore, in one implementation, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, to increase the cooling effect of the cold-conducting plate 51 on the third cooling pipe 50, a spirally extending mounting groove is provided on one side of the cold-conducting plate 51. The third cooling pipe 50 passes through the mounting groove sequentially along its length, thus providing a longer flow path for the helium gas as it flows through the third cooling pipe 50, allowing for further cooling. Furthermore, in the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, the third cooling pipe 50 is at least partially fixedly embedded in the mounting groove, thereby increasing the contact area between the third cooling pipe 50 and the cold-conducting plate 51, allowing the helium gas to be rapidly cooled within the third cooling pipe 50. It should be understood that the at least partial embedding of the third cooling pipe 50 into the mounting groove can mean that 1 / 3, 1 / 2, or all of the third cooling pipe 50's radial dimension is embedded in the mounting groove; this embodiment does not impose such a limitation.

[0099] Furthermore, in one implementation, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, after helium enters the second cooling pipe 30 and cools the superconducting magnet 81, the temperature of the helium will rise. Therefore, the temperature of the helium will rise again after it flows back into the first return channel 22. When the helium recirculates into the first cooling channel 21, it is not easily cooled. Therefore, the helium circulation cooling structure also includes a second heat exchange component 6. The second heat exchange component 6 is disposed in the cavity 80 of the heat radiation shield 8. In the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, the second heat exchange component 6 is located between the first cooling component 1 and the second cooling component 3.

[0100] Specifically, the second heat exchange component 6 includes a second heat exchange tube 60 and a fixing component 64. The second heat exchange tube 60 extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8. One end of the fixing component 64 is fixedly connected to the second heat exchange tube 60, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8 and is fixedly connected to the cooling plate 10, so that the second heat exchange tube 60 will not easily shake during use.

[0101] More specifically, the second heat exchange tube 60 includes a second cooling channel 61 and a second reflux channel 62 that are thermally connected to each other. One end of the second cooling channel 61 is provided with a second main air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second main air outlet that is connected to the third air inlet pipe, so that the third air inlet is connected to the first air outlet pipe through the second cooling channel 61. One end of the second reflux channel 62 is provided with a second side return air outlet that is connected to the second air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second side air outlet that is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe, so that the second air outlet is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe through the second reflux channel 62.

[0102] More specifically, by setting the second heat exchange component 6, when this helium gas circulation cooling structure cools the superconducting magnet 81, the helium gas is cooled by the first cooling pipe 11, then enters the second cooling channel 61 through the first outlet and the second main inlet, and then passes through the third cooling pipe 50 and the second cooling pipe to cool the superconducting magnet 81 in sequence. After cooling the superconducting magnet 81 through the second outlet and the second side return port, it enters the second return channel 62. At this time, since the second cooling channel 61 and the second return channel 62 are thermally connected, the helium gas entering from the second cooling channel 61 will cool the helium gas exiting from the second return channel 62, thereby making the temperature of the discharged helium gas lower and avoiding the problem that the helium gas is not easy to be cooled when it recirculates into the first cooling channel 21.

[0103] Furthermore, it should be understood that after the helium is cooled by the second cooling channel 61 during the discharge process through the second return channel 62, it enters the first return channel 22 through the second side outlet and the first side return port, and then is discharged from the first side outlet to the helium compression device. The helium is then compressed by the helium compression device and enters the first main inlet, thereby realizing the cooling of the superconducting magnet 81 by helium circulation.

[0104] The structure and arrangement of the first heat exchange tube 20 will be further explained below.

[0105] In one implementation, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first heat exchange tube 20 includes a first inlet pipe 200 and a first outlet pipe 201. The first inlet pipe 200 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first outlet pipe 201, thereby realizing the internal and external pipeline design of the first heat exchange tube 20, saving space when the first heat exchange tube 20 is installed on the outer wall of the heat radiation shield 8, and is easy to install, suitable for the compact superconducting magnet 81 equipment.

[0106] Specifically, a first return channel 22 is formed inside the first exhaust pipe 201 along its length direction, and a plurality of first support sleeves 23 are also sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the first exhaust pipe 201 along its length direction. The plurality of first support sleeves 23 are spaced apart along the length direction of the first exhaust pipe 201. A plurality of first support protrusions 230 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of each first support sleeve 23. The plurality of first support protrusions 230 are spaced apart along the circumference of the first support sleeve 23. The part of each first support protrusion 230 away from the first support sleeve 23 abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the first intake pipe 200, so that a first cooling channel 21 is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the first exhaust pipe 201 and the inner circumferential surface of the first intake pipe 200. Furthermore, the first main intake port and the first side exhaust port are located at one end of the first heat exchange pipe 20, and the first main exhaust port and the first side return port are located at the other end of the first heat exchange pipe 20. It should be understood that the number of the multiple first support protrusions 230 is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 3, 6, etc., and this embodiment does not make a unique limitation.

[0107] Specifically, since the first inlet pipe 200 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the first outlet pipe 201, the first inlet pipe 200 is in direct contact with the outer wall of the heat radiation shield 8. When helium enters the first inlet pipe 200 from the first main inlet, it can be quickly cooled by the heat radiation shield 8 through the first inlet pipe 200. In addition, when the helium is cooled by the second cooling channel 61 during the discharge process through the second return channel 62, it enters the first outlet pipe 201 through the second side outlet and the first side return port, and is discharged to the external helium compression device from the first side outlet.

[0108] Of course, the arrangement of the first heat exchange tube 20 is not limited to this. It can also be configured to include a first inlet branch pipe and a first outlet branch pipe, wherein the first inlet branch pipe and the first outlet branch pipe do not contact each other and are respectively sleeved on the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield 8. This embodiment does not limit this, and those skilled in the art can design it according to their own needs.

[0109] The following explains how the first heat exchange tube 20 is fixed.

[0110] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first heat exchange tube 20 extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, thereby increasing the heat exchange area between the first heat exchange tube 20 and the heat radiation shield 8 and improving the first cooling effect on helium.

[0111] Specifically, the first heat exchange assembly 2 further includes a plurality of mounting components 34 arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the heat radiation shield 8. Each mounting component 34 includes a pair of first clamping plates 340 extending along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8. In the radial direction of the heat radiation shield 8, the pair of first clamping plates 340 are arranged opposite to each other and are both fixedly mounted to the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield 8. Along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, a plurality of first through holes are formed between the pair of first clamping plates 340 at intervals, and the first heat exchange tube 20 passes through the plurality of first through holes sequentially. It should be understood that the number of the plurality of mounting components 34 is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 3, 5, etc.; the number of the plurality of first through holes is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 3, 6, etc., and this embodiment does not make a unique limitation.

[0112] More specifically, by limiting the first heat exchange tube 20 with each pair of first clamps 340 and fixing the first heat exchange tube 20 to the outer wall of the radiation shield, the risk of the first heat exchange tube 20 shaking when helium is compressed into the first heat exchange tube 20 is avoided.

[0113] The structure and arrangement of the second heat exchange tube 60 will be further explained below.

[0114] In one implementation, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, when viewed along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, the second heat exchange tube 60 is located at the circumferential edge of the cold conduction plate 51, thereby ensuring that the second heat exchange tube 60 has sufficient installation space along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8 and avoiding interference with the cold conduction plate 51.

[0115] Specifically, the second heat exchange tube 60 includes a second inlet pipe 600 and a second outlet pipe 601. The second inlet pipe 600 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the second outlet pipe 601. A second return channel 62 is formed inside the second outlet pipe 601 along its length direction. Along the length direction of the second outlet pipe 601, a plurality of second support sleeves 63 are also sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the second outlet pipe 601. The plurality of second support sleeves 63 are spaced apart along the length direction of the second outlet pipe 601. A plurality of second support protrusions 630 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of each second support sleeve 63. The plurality of second support protrusions 630 are spaced apart along the circumference of the second support sleeve 63. The part of each second support protrusion 630 away from the second support sleeve 63 abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the second inlet pipe 600, so that a second cooling channel 61 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the second outlet pipe 601 and the inner peripheral surface of the second inlet pipe 600. Furthermore, the second main air inlet and the second side air outlet are located at one end of the second heat exchange tube 60, and the second main air outlet and the second side air return outlet are located at the other end of the second heat exchange tube 60. It should be understood that the number of multiple second support sleeves 63 is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 4, 5, etc., and this embodiment does not impose a unique limitation.

[0116] More specifically, since the second inlet pipe 600 is fitted around the outer periphery of the second outlet pipe 601, when the helium gas after secondary cooling flows through the second inlet pipe 600 and when the helium gas after heat exchange flows through the second outlet pipe 601, the heat dissipation area of ​​the helium gas in the second outlet pipe 601 is increased. This allows the helium gas discharged from the second outlet pipe 601 to be cooled quickly, resulting in a lower temperature of the discharged helium gas and avoiding the problem that the helium gas is not easily cooled when it recirculates into the first cooling channel 21.

[0117] Of course, the second heat exchange tube 60 can also be set as an independent vent pipe. Since there is a gas flow channel inside the vent pipe, a baffle is set inside the vent pipe to divide the gas flow channel into a second cooling channel 61 and a second return channel 62. Regarding the setting method of the second heat exchange tube 60, this embodiment does not limit it. Those skilled in the art can design it according to their own needs.

[0118] The following explains how the second heat exchange tube 60 is fixed.

[0119] Specifically, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the second heat exchange assembly 6 includes a plurality of fixed components 64 arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the heat radiation shield 8. It should be understood that the number of the plurality of fixed components 64 can be 2, 3, 4, etc., and this embodiment does not limit it to a single number.

[0120] Specifically, each fixing component 64 includes a pair of second clamping plates 640 and a first pull rod 641. The pair of second clamping plates 640 extend along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8. One end of the pull rod is fixedly installed on the pair of second clamping plates 640, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8 and is fixedly connected to the cooling plate 10. This allows the second heat exchange tube 60 to be suspended in the cavity 80 of the heat radiation shield 8 by the second pull rod 12. Since the cavity 80 is in a vacuum state, the risk of heat exchange between the second heat exchange tube 60 and the inner wall of the cavity 80 is avoided.

[0121] More specifically, in the radial direction of the heat radiation shield 8, a pair of second clamping plates 640 are arranged opposite to each other and fixedly installed to the corresponding side of their respective second heat exchange tubes 60. Along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8, a plurality of second through holes are formed between the pair of second clamping plates 640. The second heat exchange tubes 60 pass through these holes sequentially, thereby limiting the position of the second heat exchange tubes 60 by each pair of second clamping plates 640 and suspending the second heat exchange tubes 60 within the cavity 80 of the heat radiation shield 8 by the first pull rod 641. This avoids the risk of the second heat exchange tubes 60 shaking when helium enters them. It should be understood that the number of the plurality of second through holes is not limited; for example, it can be 2, 3, 5, etc., and this embodiment does not impose a unique limitation.

[0122] Furthermore, in one embodiment, to prevent the superconducting magnet 81 from dissipating heat through the thermal radiation shield 8, the first cooling assembly 1 further includes a plurality of second pull rods 12 located within the receiving cavity 83, and a plurality of third pull rods 13 located within the cavity 80. It should be understood that the number of the plurality of second pull rods 12 is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 3, 4, etc.; the number of the plurality of third pull rods 13 is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 3, 4, etc.; this embodiment does not impose a unique limitation.

[0123] Specifically, multiple second pull rods 12 are spaced apart around the heat radiation shield 8. One end of each second pull rod 12 is fixedly installed on the side of the cooling plate 10 away from the cold conduction plate 51, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8 and is fixedly connected to the top wall of the receiving cavity 83. This achieves the purpose of suspending the heat radiation shield 8 in the receiving cavity 83 by multiple second pull rods 12, thereby increasing the contact area between the heat radiation shield 8 and the outer shell 82, and thus reducing the risk that the heat of the heat radiation shield 8 will be quickly conducted to the external environment after being cooled by the cooling component 4.

[0124] More specifically, multiple third pull rods 13 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the heat radiation shield 8. One end of each third pull rod 13 is fixedly installed on the side of the cooling plate 10 near the cold conduction plate 51, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield 8 and is fixedly connected to the top wall of the superconducting magnet 81. This avoids the superconducting magnet 81 from contacting the heat radiation shield 8, thereby preventing the risk of the superconducting magnet 81 heating the heat radiation shield 8 during operation.

[0125] The following is a further explanation of how this helium circulation cooling structure achieves helium circulation.

[0126] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, this helium circulation cooling structure also includes a helium inlet pipe 7, a helium outlet pipe 70, a first self-sealing joint 71, a second self-sealing joint 72, a transfer pipe assembly, and a helium compressor.

[0127] Specifically, one end of the helium inlet pipe 7 is connected to the first main inlet through an inlet sealing joint, and the other end passes through the outer shell 82 and is connected to one end of the first self-sealing joint 71. The other end of the first self-sealing joint 71 is connected to the supply port of the helium compressor. One end of the helium outlet pipe 70 is connected to the first side outlet through an exhaust sealing joint, and the other end passes through the outer shell 82 and is connected to one end of the second self-sealing joint 72. The other end of the second self-sealing joint 72 is connected to the return port of the helium compressor.

[0128] More specifically, the adapter assembly includes multiple adapters, each adapter having a pair of adapter sealing joints at both ends, and each adapter having its ends connected to a corresponding air port via a pair of adapter sealing joints.

[0129] More specifically, when cooling the superconducting magnet 81 using this helium circulation cooling structure, helium is compressed by a helium compressor and enters the helium inlet pipe 7 through the first self-sealing joint 71. After passing through the helium inlet pipe 7, the helium sequentially passes through the first cooling channel 21, the first cooling pipe 11, the second cooling channel 61, the third cooling pipe 50, the second cooling pipe 30, the second return channel 62, and the first return channel 22 before entering the helium outlet pipe 70. After passing through the helium outlet pipe 70, the helium enters the helium compressor again through the second self-sealing joint 72, thus completing the helium circulation cooling. This repeated circulation of helium ensures that the superconducting magnet 81 maintains a zero-resistance state.

[0130] More specifically, by setting a first self-sealing connector 71, when the other end of the first self-sealing connector 71 is disconnected from the gas supply port of the helium compressor, the first self-sealing connector 71 automatically seals the inlet end of the helium inlet pipe 7 to prevent helium leakage; by setting a second self-sealing connector 72, when the other end of the second self-sealing connector 72 is disconnected from the gas return port of the helium compressor, the second self-sealing connector 72 automatically seals the inlet end of the helium outlet pipe 70 to prevent helium leakage.

[0131] More specifically, the multiple transfer pipes are configured to include a first transfer pipe 73, a second transfer pipe 74, a third transfer pipe 75, a fourth transfer pipe 76, a fifth transfer pipe 77, and a sixth transfer pipe 78.

[0132] More specifically, one end of the first adapter pipe 73 is connected to the first main air outlet via an adapter sealing joint, and the other end is connected to the first air inlet via an adapter sealing joint; one end of the second adapter pipe 74 is connected to the first air outlet via an adapter sealing joint, and the other end is connected to the second main air inlet via an adapter sealing joint; one end of the third adapter pipe 75 is connected to the second main air outlet via an adapter sealing joint, and the other end is connected to the third air inlet via an adapter sealing joint; one end of the fourth adapter pipe 76 is connected to the third air outlet via an adapter sealing joint, and the other end is connected to the second air inlet via an adapter sealing joint; one end of the fifth adapter pipe 77 is connected to the second air outlet via an adapter sealing joint, and the other end is connected to the second side return air port via an adapter sealing joint; one end of the sixth adapter pipe 78 is connected to the second side air outlet via an adapter sealing joint, and the other end is connected to the first side return air port via an adapter sealing joint.

[0133] More specifically, by setting the first adapter pipe 73, the second adapter pipe 74, the third adapter pipe 75, the fourth adapter pipe 76, the fifth adapter pipe 77, the sixth adapter pipe 78, and the adapter sealing joint, this helium gas circulation cooling structure can be spliced ​​to form a complete circulation pipeline. Furthermore, by setting the adapter sealing joint and the adapter pipe, it has the advantages of easy disassembly, easy installation, and easy replacement of parts, and meets the spatial arrangement requirements of this helium gas circulation cooling structure during assembly.

[0134] It should be noted that the preferred intake sealing joint, exhaust sealing joint, and adapter sealing joint all use VCR joint 79. VCR joint 79 is a type of face seal fitting joint. The sealing element uses a metal gasket. The metal gasket is compressed by the interlocking of the internal and external threads, causing the gasket to deform to a certain extent, thereby achieving a sealing effect. A metal gasket is used in the middle of the two side joints. Tightening the nut compresses the two side joints towards the middle, causing the gasket to deform and seal, thereby further improving the sealing performance of this helium circulation cooling structure during use.

[0135] It should be noted that by setting up an inlet sealing joint, an exhaust sealing joint, a first adapter pipe 73, a second adapter pipe 74, a third adapter pipe 75, a fourth adapter pipe 76, a fifth adapter pipe 77, a sixth adapter pipe 78, and an adapter sealing joint, when this helium circulation cooling structure is spliced ​​to form a complete circulation pipeline, helium can flow through each pipeline in sequence without leakage.

[0136] The above description illustrates the implementation of this utility model through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this utility model is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this utility model are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the utility model in conjunction with the embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this utility model. To provide a deep understanding of this utility model, many specific details will be included in the following description. This utility model may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this utility model, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0137] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0138] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0139] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0140] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A helium gas circulating cooling structure suitable for superconducting magnets, characterized in that, include: The first cooling assembly includes a cooling plate and a first cooling pipe fixedly installed on the cooling plate and in thermal communication with the cooling plate. One end of the first cooling pipe is provided with a first air inlet and the other end is provided with a first air outlet. The cooling plate is disposed on or used as the top plate of a heat radiation shield. The first heat exchange assembly includes a first heat exchange tube. The first heat exchange tube is fixed in a ring on the outer wall of the heat radiation shield and is thermally connected to each other. The first heat exchange tube includes a first cooling channel and a first return channel. One end of the first cooling channel has a first main air inlet and the other end has a first main air outlet connected to the first air inlet pipe. One end of the first return channel is provided with a first side return air outlet and the other end is provided with a first side air outlet. The second cooling assembly includes a second cooling pipe that is arranged around the outer wall of the superconducting magnet and is thermally connected to the superconducting magnet. One end of the second cooling pipe is provided with a second air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second air outlet that is connected to the first side return air outlet pipe. The superconducting magnet is located in the cavity enclosed by the thermal radiation shield. A refrigeration component, wherein the first cold head of the refrigeration component is fixedly connected to the cooling plate and is thermally connected to it.

2. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal radiation shield has an internal cavity, and its top end has an opening communicating with the cavity along its height. The superconducting magnet extends along the height of the thermal radiation shield and is disposed within the cavity, with a cooling plate fixedly covering the opening. The helium circulation cooling structure further includes a third cooling component, which is disposed in the cavity of the thermal radiation shield and is located between the first cooling component and the superconducting magnet in the height direction of the thermal radiation shield. The third cooling component includes a cooling plate and a third cooling pipe. The cooling plate is directly opposite the cooling plate in the height direction of the heat radiation shield. The third cooling pipe is fixedly installed on the cooling plate and is thermally connected to the cooling plate. One end of the third cooling pipe is provided with a third air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a third air outlet that is connected to the second air inlet pipe, so that the second air inlet is connected to the first air outlet pipe through the third cooling pipe. The second cold head of the refrigeration component passes through the cooling plate along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the cold conduction plate, and they are thermally connected to each other.

3. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The helium circulation cooling structure further includes a second heat exchange component, which is disposed in the cavity of the heat radiation shield and is located between the first cooling component and the second cooling component in the height direction of the heat radiation shield. The second heat exchange assembly includes a second heat exchange tube and a fixing component. The second heat exchange tube extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the heat radiation shield. One end of the fixing component is fixedly connected to the second heat exchange tube, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the cooling plate. The second heat exchange tube includes a second cooling channel and a second reflux channel that are thermally connected to each other. One end of the second cooling channel is provided with a second main air inlet that is connected to the first air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second main air outlet that is connected to the third air inlet pipe, so that the third air inlet is connected to the first air outlet pipe through the second cooling channel. One end of the second reflux channel is provided with a second side air return port that is connected to the second air outlet pipe, and the other end is provided with a second side air outlet that is connected to the first side air return port pipe, so that the second air outlet is connected to the first side air return port pipe through the second reflux channel.

4. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first heat exchange tube includes a first inlet pipe and a first outlet pipe, with the first inlet pipe sleeved around the outer periphery of the first outlet pipe; A first return channel is formed inside the first exhaust pipe along its length direction, and a plurality of first support sleeves are also fitted on the outer circumferential surface of the first exhaust pipe along the length direction of the first exhaust pipe. The plurality of first support sleeves are spaced apart along the length direction of the first exhaust pipe. A plurality of first support protrusions are provided on the outer circumferential surface of each first support sleeve. The plurality of first support protrusions are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the first support sleeve. The portion of each first support protrusion away from the first support sleeve abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the first intake pipe, so that a first cooling channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the first exhaust pipe and the inner circumferential surface of the first intake pipe. The first main air inlet and the first side air outlet are located at one end of the first heat exchange tube, and the first main air outlet and the first side air return outlet are located at the other end of the first heat exchange tube.

5. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first heat exchange tube extends spirally from top to bottom along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, and the first heat exchange assembly further includes a plurality of mounting components arranged at intervals along the circumference of the heat radiation shield; wherein... Each of the mounting components includes a pair of first clamps extending along the height direction of the heat radiation shield. In the radial direction of the heat radiation shield, the pair of first clamps are arranged opposite to each other and are both fixedly mounted to the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield. Along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, a plurality of first through holes are formed between the pair of first clamps at intervals, and the first heat exchange tube passes through the plurality of first through holes in sequence.

6. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Viewed along the height of the thermal radiation shield, the second heat exchange tube is located at the circumferential edge of the cold-conducting plate; the second heat exchange tube includes a second inlet pipe and a second outlet pipe, with the second inlet pipe sleeved around the outer periphery of the second outlet pipe; and... A second return channel is formed inside the second exhaust pipe along its length. Along the length of the second exhaust pipe, a plurality of second support sleeves are also fitted on the outer circumferential surface of the second exhaust pipe. The plurality of second support sleeves are spaced apart along the length of the second exhaust pipe. A plurality of second support protrusions are provided on the outer circumferential surface of each second support sleeve. The plurality of second support protrusions are spaced apart along the circumference of the second support sleeve. The portion of each second support protrusion away from the second support sleeve abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the second intake pipe, so that a second cooling channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the second exhaust pipe and the inner circumferential surface of the second intake pipe. The second main air inlet and the second side air outlet are located at one end of the second heat exchange tube, and the second main air outlet and the second side air return outlet are located at the other end of the second heat exchange tube.

7. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second heat exchange assembly includes a plurality of fixed components arranged at intervals along the circumference of the heat radiation shield; wherein, Each of the fixing components includes a pair of second clamping plates and a first pull rod. The pair of second clamping plates extend along the height direction of the heat radiation shield. One end of the pull rod is fixedly installed on the pair of second clamping plates, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the cooling plate. In the radial direction of the heat radiation shield, the pair of second clamping plates are arranged opposite to each other and are fixedly installed on the corresponding side of their respective second heat exchange tubes. Along the height direction of the heat radiation shield, a plurality of second through holes are formed between the pair of second clamping plates at intervals. The second heat exchange tubes pass through the plurality of second through holes in sequence.

8. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that, A spirally extending groove is provided on one side of the cooling plate. The first cooling pipe passes through the groove sequentially along the length of the groove, and at least partially is fixedly embedded in the groove in the height direction of the heat radiation shield. The cooling plate has a spirally extending mounting groove on one side. The third cooling pipe passes through the mounting groove sequentially along its length. In the height direction of the heat radiation shield, the third cooling pipe is at least partially fixedly embedded in the mounting groove.

9. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the heat radiation shield is further covered by an outer shell, the cooling component is fixedly mounted on the outer shell, and a receiving cavity is formed between the inner wall surface of the outer shell and the outer wall surface of the heat radiation shield. The heat radiation shield is suspended within the receiving cavity, and the superconducting magnet is suspended within the cavity; wherein, The first cooling assembly further includes a plurality of second tie rods located within the receiving cavity and a plurality of third tie rods located within the cavity; the plurality of second tie rods are spaced apart circumferentially on the heat radiation shield, one end of each second tie rod is fixedly installed on the side of the cooling plate away from the cold conducting plate, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the top wall of the receiving cavity; the plurality of third tie rods are spaced apart circumferentially on the heat radiation shield, one end of each third tie rod is fixedly installed on the side of the cooling plate near the cold conducting plate, and the other end extends along the height direction of the heat radiation shield and is fixedly connected to the top wall of the superconducting magnet.

10. The helium gas circulating cooling structure for superconducting magnets as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The helium circulation cooling structure further includes a helium inlet pipe, a helium outlet pipe, a first self-sealing joint, a second self-sealing joint, a transfer pipe assembly, and a helium compressor; wherein, One end of the helium inlet pipe is connected to the first main inlet via an inlet sealing connector, and the other end passes through the outer shell and is connected to one end of the first self-sealing connector. The other end of the first self-sealing connector is connected to the supply port of the helium compressor. One end of the helium outlet pipe is connected to the first side outlet via an exhaust sealing connector, and the other end passes through the outer shell and is connected to one end of the second self-sealing connector. The other end of the second self-sealing connector is connected to the return port of the helium compressor. The adapter assembly includes multiple adapters, each adapter having a pair of adapter sealing joints at both ends, and each adapter having its ends connected to a corresponding air port via the pair of adapter sealing joints.

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