Current and voltage regulating system for switching of multiple power supplies

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of multi-power-supply switching, and relates to a current and voltage adjusting system for multi-power-supply switching, which comprises a main power supply and a standby power supply, and further comprises a current adjusting loop which comprises a first processor and at least two buffer resistor units, and each buffer resistor unit comprises two resistors which are equal in resistance value and are connected in parallel, the main power supply inputs charging current to the first processor through each buffer resistor unit, and the charging current is input to the standby power supply through the first processor; the differential pressure adjusting loop comprises a differential pressure comparison circuit and a logic control circuit; and the MOSFET is used for controlling the main power supply and the standby power supply to supply power. According to the invention, the plurality of buffer resistor units of the current regulation loop are switched on and off in different combinations, so that the fine grading regulation of the charging current is realized, the MOSFET is controlled to be in different working states through the logic control circuit, and the safe operation of the power supply and the system is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of multiple power supply switching technology and relates to a current and voltage regulation system for multiple power supply switching. Background Technology

[0002] In dual-power or multi-power-supply collaborative power supply systems, the current surge, voltage drop, and reverse current during power switching are critical factors affecting system stability and equipment lifespan. Traditional power switching solutions often employ diodes or simple MOSFET switches, which have the following drawbacks:

[0003] 1. Inefficient charging management: The charging current of energy storage components (such as supercapacitors and supercapacitors) lacks fine control. Fixed resistor current limiting or simple constant current is often used, which cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the capacitor status and ambient temperature, resulting in overcharging, low-temperature failure and shortened lifespan.

[0004] 2. Uncontrollable voltage drop: Traditional solutions use Schottky diodes as switching devices, with forward voltage drops as high as 0.3~0.5V. Under high current, the power consumption is high and the heat generation is serious. Even if MOSFETs are used, they are mostly simple on-off control and cannot dynamically optimize the on-state voltage drop according to the load. In addition, the response is slow under reverse voltage and it is easy to generate reverse current surges.

[0005] 3. Lack of system-level current and voltage regulation: Existing circuits only focus on switching functions and do not treat charging current and discharge voltage difference as adjustable and optimizable control objects, thus failing to achieve multi-level current regulation and millivolt-level dynamic maintenance of voltage difference.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system that can perform high-precision, programmable, and adaptive adjustment of charging current and discharge voltage difference during power switching to improve equipment reliability, extend the life of energy storage components, and reduce power consumption. Utility Model Content

[0007] To overcome the above problems, this disclosure provides a current and voltage regulation system for multiple power supply switching.

[0008] The technical solution disclosed herein is as follows:

[0009] A current and voltage regulation system for multiple power supply switching includes a main power supply and a backup power supply, and further includes:

[0010] The current regulation loop includes a first processor and at least two buffer resistor units. Each buffer resistor unit includes two resistors with equal resistance values ​​connected in parallel. The main power supply inputs charging current to the first processor through each buffer resistor unit, and the charging current inputs backup power through the first processor.

[0011] The differential pressure regulation loop includes a differential pressure comparison circuit and a logic control circuit;

[0012] The differential pressure comparison circuit includes at least two differential pressure comparators, each of which compares the voltages of the main power supply and the backup power supply, and the reference voltage thresholds of each differential pressure comparator are different.

[0013] The logic control circuit includes a second processor, which is used to acquire the output of each differential voltage comparator and control the MOSFET to turn on or off.

[0014] The MOSFET is used to control the main power supply and the backup power supply.

[0015] Furthermore, the current regulation loop includes four buffer resistor units, with resistance values ​​of R, 2R, 4R and 8R respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, the charging current is input to the backup power supply through the four output terminals of the first processor, and the current output by each output terminal corresponds to the current input by each buffer resistor unit.

[0017] Furthermore, the differential pressure comparison circuit includes three differential pressure comparators, each with a reference voltage threshold of -10mV, 20mV, and 60mV.

[0018] Furthermore, the differential voltage comparison circuit includes three reference voltage threshold circuits;

[0019] The reference voltage threshold circuit includes a first comparator. The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to a 2.5V reference voltage through a first resistor and grounded through a second resistor. The inverting input is connected to the output through a first capacitor and then to the output through a third and a fourth resistor.

[0020] Furthermore, the second processor collects the outputs of each differential voltage comparator and controls the operating state of the MOSFETs.

[0021] Furthermore, the MOSFET is an N-MOSFET, with its drain connected to the main power supply output, its source connected to the backup power supply, and its gate connected to the second processor.

[0022] Furthermore, the differential pressure regulation loop also includes a MOSFET drive circuit for providing drive power to the MOSFET.

[0023] This disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This disclosure achieves fine-level regulation of the charging current by turning multiple buffer resistor units of the current regulation loop on and off in different combinations.

[0025] This disclosure controls the MOSFET to operate in different states by utilizing the voltage difference between the main power supply and the backup power supply, thereby protecting the safe operation of the power supply and the system. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is an overall structural block diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2 The charging loop and discharging loop circuits are embodiments of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a reference voltage output circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes. To keep the following description of the embodiments of this disclosure clear and concise, detailed descriptions of some known functions and components are omitted.

[0031] The present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] refer to Figure 1-2 A current and voltage regulation system for multiple power supply switching includes a main power supply and a backup power supply, and further includes:

[0033] The current regulation loop includes a first processor and at least two buffer resistor units. Each buffer resistor unit includes two resistors with equal resistance values ​​connected in parallel. The main power supply inputs charging current to the first processor through each buffer resistor unit, and the charging current inputs backup power through the first processor.

[0034] The differential pressure regulation loop includes a differential pressure comparison circuit and a logic control circuit;

[0035] The differential pressure comparison circuit includes at least two differential pressure comparators, each of which compares the voltages of the main power supply and the backup power supply, and the reference voltage thresholds of each differential pressure comparator are different.

[0036] The logic control circuit includes a second processor, which is used to acquire the output of each differential voltage comparator and control the MOSFET to turn on or off.

[0037] The MOSFET is used to control the main power supply and the backup power supply.

[0038] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the first processor controls the conduction and disconnection of the buffer resistor unit by acquiring the voltage signal of the circuit (not shown in the figure).

[0039] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the current regulation loop includes four buffer resistor units, the resistance values ​​of which are R, 2R, 4R and 8R respectively. Figure 2 As shown, resistors R1 and R2, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, and R7 and R8 are connected in parallel to form a buffer resistor unit, and the resistance values ​​of each buffer resistor unit are R, 2R, 4R and 8R respectively.

[0040] The charging current is input to the backup power supply through the four output terminals of the first processor, and the current output by each output terminal corresponds to the current input by each buffer resistor unit.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the first processor is an STM32G030. The fourth, seventh, ninth, and twelfth pins of the first processor are enable control terminals (GPIO), which control the switching on and off through high and low level signals. A high level enables the switch. The second, fifth, eleventh, and fourteenth pins are connected to the positive terminal of the backup power supply, and the charging current flows out to the backup power supply from there. The third, sixth, tenth, and thirteenth pins are connected to the positive terminal of the main power supply, which is the main power input for the charging current.

[0042] The charging current flowing into the backup power supply is controlled by the enable control terminal. For example, the fourth pin controls the conduction of the second and third pins, and so on for other pins. By controlling the enable pin of the switch, different combinations of channels are opened, controlling the resistance to charge the backup power supply.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first controller can achieve 16 on / off combinations by controlling the input / output port signals connected to each buffer resistor unit, thereby achieving 16 levels of accurate adjustment of the charging current.

[0044] When making specific adjustments, a switch combination-equivalent resistance correspondence table can be pre-stored in the first processor. This table records the total equivalent resistance value and expected current range of all closed switch corresponding resistance units connected in parallel under 16 switch state combinations. The first processor selects the closest switch combination for switching based on the required target resistance value by looking up the table.

[0045] To improve power supply stability, multi-stage state control can also be implemented when using this system.

[0046] Safe startup phase: After power-on or deep discharge of the supercapacitor, the first processor controls the closing of the switch of the corresponding maximum resistance unit (8R) to wake up and precharge the capacitor with a minimum current until its voltage exceeds the safety threshold.

[0047] Adaptive constant current charging stage: When the supercapacitor voltage rises to the normal operating range (e.g., 20% to 85% of the nominal voltage), the system enters constant current charging mode. The first processor uses the target charging current as the set value and employs a discrete PID control algorithm. By dynamically switching the switch combination through table lookup, it adjusts the total equivalent resistance connected in parallel, so that the measured charging current accurately tracks the target charging current.

[0048] Constant voltage trickle charging and maintenance phase: When the voltage approaches the nominal value (e.g., >85%), the control target switches to voltage regulation. The first processor gradually increases the total resistance connected (by reducing the number of parallel connected units), causing the charging current to decay exponentially. When the current falls below the maintenance threshold, the system enters a "float charging" state, maintaining only a very small compensation current.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the differential pressure comparison circuit includes three differential pressure comparators, each with a reference voltage threshold of -10mV, 20mV, and 60mV.

[0050] The voltage difference between the main power supply and the backup power supply is ΔV = Vfara - Vmain, where Vmain is the voltage of the main power supply and Vfara is the voltage of the backup power supply.

[0051] By using different voltage differences, the second processor can control the MOSFET to operate in different modes.

[0052] Mode 1: Fully Conductive Mode

[0053] Triggering condition: ΔV > +60mV (differential pressure comparator U2A output is valid).

[0054] Operating state: At this time, the load current is large, and the voltage drop caused by the MOSFET's on-resistance exceeds 60mV. The logic control circuit controls the MOSFET drive circuit to fully turn on the external MOSFET. In this mode, a sufficiently high voltage is applied to the MOSFET gate through a charge pump, causing it to enter the deep saturation region, where the on-resistance is minimized, and the forward voltage drop is determined only by the MOSFET's on-resistance and the load current.

[0055] Objective: To provide the lowest on-state voltage drop under heavy loads and achieve the highest efficiency.

[0056] Mode 2: Partial Conductivity Mode

[0057] Triggering condition: +20mV < ΔV < +60mV (differential pressure comparator U2B output is valid, and differential pressure comparator U2A output is invalid).

[0058] Operating state: The load current is at a moderate level. The logic control circuit controls the MOSFET drive circuit, causing the external MOSFET to be partially turned on. By adjusting the gate voltage of the MOSFET, it is made to operate in the linear region, thereby maintaining ΔV at a level of approximately 20mV.

[0059] Objective: To maintain an appropriate forward voltage drop (approximately 20mV) under medium load conditions, ensuring both low conduction losses and a sufficient threshold window for reverse current detection. Simultaneously, by reducing the gate drive voltage, drive losses and MOSFET switching losses are minimized.

[0060] Mode 3: Reverse Blocking Mode

[0061] Triggering condition: ΔV < -10mV (differential pressure comparator U2C output is valid).

[0062] Operating state: At this time, reverse voltage or reverse current is detected (output voltage is higher than input voltage). The logic control circuit immediately controls the MOSFET drive circuit to quickly turn off the external MOSFET. The delay time from detecting reverse voltage to the MOSFET being completely turned off does not exceed 1 microsecond.

[0063] Purpose: To prevent reverse current flow and protect the front-end power supply and system safety.

[0064] like Figure 3As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the differential pressure comparison circuit includes three reference voltage threshold circuits.

[0065] The reference voltage threshold circuit includes a first comparator. The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to a 2.5V reference voltage through a first resistor and grounded through a second resistor. The inverting input is connected to the output through a first capacitor and then to the output through a third and a fourth resistor.

[0066] In embodiments of this disclosure, the reference voltage threshold circuit employs the following parameters:

[0067] R29, R38, and R26 are 10Ω resistors, R28 is a 390Ω resistor, R37 is a 1.2KΩ resistor, and R25 is a 2.4KΩ resistor. They are mainly used to achieve voltage division.

[0068] R31, R30, and R40 are 47KΩ resistors, and C2, C8, and C1 are 1UF capacitors. The RC circuit formed by these components filters the signal, making it more stable.

[0069] R36, R41, and R34 are 50Ω series resistors used as output buffer resistors.

[0070] C5, C4, and C10 are 0.1uF capacitors, used as output filter capacitors.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the 2.5V reference voltage of the reference voltage threshold circuit is obtained in the following manner:

[0072] The fourth processor is a reference chip (such as TL431 or a precision reference source). The cathode of the fourth processor is connected to an external 3.3V power supply through resistor R27, the reference terminal is connected to the cathode through resistor R32, the anode is grounded and connected to the reference terminal through resistor R33, and connected to the cathode through capacitor C3.

[0073] A high-precision 2.5V power supply can be obtained through the fourth processor and peripheral circuitry.

[0074] A high-precision 2.5V power supply is input through the non-inverting input of comparator U7A. The inverting input is connected to the output through resistors R36 and R39 in sequence. Capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between the inverting input and the output.

[0075] The comparator U7A and its peripheral circuits form a follower circuit that outputs a 2.5V power supply (AVCC2V5), increasing the load-carrying capacity of the high-precision 2.5V power supply and making the voltage more stable. AVCC2V5 serves as the 2.5V reference voltage for the reference voltage threshold circuit.

[0076] refer to Figure 2In one embodiment of this disclosure, the second processor acquires the output of each differential voltage comparator and controls the operating state of the MOSFET.

[0077] Specifically, the first, second, and fifth pins of the second processor are connected to the outputs of different differential voltage comparators, and the seventh pin is connected to the MOSFET gate. Based on the differential voltage comparison result, the MOSFET is controlled to operate in different states.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the MOSFET is an N-MOSFET, with the drain of the MOSFET connected to the main power supply output terminal, the source connected to the backup power supply, and the gate connected to the second processor.

[0079] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the differential pressure regulation loop further includes a MOSFET drive circuit (i.e., a charge pump) for providing drive power to the MOSFET.

[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, the MOSFET driving circuit includes a third processor. The first pin of the third processor is the power input, the sixth pin is the enable pin, the ninth pin is connected to the positive terminal of the external pump capacitor ZC2, and the charge pump charges the pump capacitor through this pin. The eleventh pin is connected to the negative terminal of the external pump capacitor ZC2, and works with C+ to complete charge transfer and achieve voltage multiplication. The tenth pin is the voltage output, which outputs the boosted voltage (such as twice VIN), and after passing through the current limiting resistor R15 and the filter capacitor ZC3, it supplies the MOSFET gate.

[0081] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0082] The units described in the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in software or in hardware. The names of the units are not, in some cases, intended to limit the specific unit.

[0083] The functions described above in this document can be performed at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. For example, exemplary types of hardware logic components that can be used, without limitation, include: field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and so on.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features disclosed in this disclosure that have similar functions.

[0085] Furthermore, while the operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order. In certain environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0086] Although the subject matter has been described using language specific to structural features and / or methodological logic, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are merely illustrative examples of implementing the claims.

[0087] The following points should be noted regarding this disclosure:

[0088] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of this disclosure. Other structures can be referred to the general design.

[0089] (2) Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0090] The above description is merely an embodiment of this disclosure and does not limit the patent scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent structure made using the content of this disclosure and its drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, is similarly included within the patent protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A current and voltage regulation system for multiple power supply switching, comprising a main power supply and a backup power supply, characterized in that, Also includes: The current regulation loop includes a first processor and at least two buffer resistor units. Each buffer resistor unit includes two resistors with equal resistance values ​​connected in parallel. The main power supply inputs charging current to the first processor through each buffer resistor unit, and the charging current inputs backup power through the first processor. The differential pressure regulation loop includes a differential pressure comparison circuit and a logic control circuit; The differential pressure comparison circuit includes at least two differential pressure comparators, each of which compares the voltages of the main power supply and the backup power supply, and the reference voltage thresholds of each differential pressure comparator are different. The logic control circuit includes a second processor, which is used to acquire the output of each differential voltage comparator and control the MOSFET to turn on or off. The MOSFET is used to control the main power supply and the backup power supply.

2. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current regulation loop includes four buffer resistor units, with resistance values ​​of R, 2R, 4R and 8R respectively.

3. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 2, characterized in that, The charging current is input to the backup power supply through the four output terminals of the first processor, and the current output by each output terminal corresponds to the current input by each buffer resistor unit.

4. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential pressure comparison circuit includes three differential pressure comparators, each with a reference voltage threshold of -10mV, 20mV, and 60mV.

5. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 4, characterized in that, The differential voltage comparison circuit includes three reference voltage threshold circuits; The reference voltage threshold circuit includes a first comparator. The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to a 2.5V reference voltage through a first resistor and grounded through a second resistor. The inverting input is connected to the output through a first capacitor and then to the output through a third and a fourth resistor.

6. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second processor collects the outputs of each differential voltage comparator and controls the operating state of the MOSFETs.

7. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MOSFET is an N-MOSFET, with its drain connected to the main power supply output, its source connected to the backup power supply, and its gate connected to the second processor.

8. The current and voltage regulation system for multi-power supply switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential pressure regulation loop also includes a MOSFET drive circuit to provide drive power to the MOSFET.

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