Antenna

Abstract

The utility model discloses an antenna which is used for expanding the bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna provided by the utility model comprises at least one antenna unit; wherein each antenna unit comprises a radiation layer, a first reference ground layer, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a second reference ground layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; wherein an antenna radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the radiation layer; a microstrip line extending along a first direction is arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer; the first dielectric layer is used for isolating microstrip lines arranged on the first reference ground layer and the second dielectric layer; in the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, the projection of the first reference ground layer on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers a part of the microstrip line, and the projection of the second reference ground layer on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers the other part of the microstrip line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of signal transmission technology, and more particularly to an antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Microstrip antennas are generally thin strips with regular shapes, which makes them small, lightweight and low profile, and they are widely used in the millimeter wave field. However, microstrip antennas are resonant antennas with narrow bandwidth. For 77GHz millimeter wave radar, the antenna bandwidth is usually only 2GHz. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides an antenna for extending antenna bandwidth.

[0004] An antenna provided in this application includes: at least one antenna element; wherein each antenna element includes:

[0005] The layers arranged from top to bottom are: radiation layer, first reference layer, first dielectric layer, second dielectric layer, and second reference layer; wherein:

[0006] An antenna radiator is provided on the upper surface of the radiating layer;

[0007] The upper surface of the second dielectric layer is provided with microstrip lines extending along the first direction;

[0008] The first dielectric layer is used to isolate the first reference ground layer and the microstrip line disposed on the second dielectric layer;

[0009] In a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, the projection of the first reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers a portion of the microstrip line, and the projection of the second reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers another portion of the microstrip line.

[0010] As can be seen, the antenna provided in this application embodiment has two reference ground layers: a first reference ground layer and a second reference ground layer. In the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, the projection of the first reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers a portion of the microstrip line, and the projection of the second reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers another portion of the microstrip line. This enables the microstrip line disposed on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer to switch between different reference ground layers, thereby causing the impedance of the microstrip line to change. Due to the change in the impedance of the microstrip line, the bandwidth of the antenna fluctuates, forming two V-shaped bandwidth curves, thus achieving the effect of expanding the antenna bandwidth.

[0011] In some embodiments, the antenna radiator is projected onto the first reference ground layer in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the first reference ground layer. The first reference ground layer is provided with a hollow structure, which is used by the microstrip line to couple the signal to the antenna radiator.

[0012] In some embodiments, the upper surface of the radiation layer is further provided with at least one impedance adjustment unit.

[0013] In some embodiments, two impedance adjustment units are provided on the upper surface of the radiating layer, respectively located on both sides of the antenna radiator.

[0014] In some embodiments, the impedance adjustment unit is made of a conductor.

[0015] In some embodiments, the width of the first portion of the microstrip line is greater than the width of the second portion of the microstrip line;

[0016] The first portion of the microstrip line is the portion covered by the projection of the first reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer;

[0017] The second portion of the microstrip line is the portion covered by the projection of the second reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, the antenna includes four antenna elements arranged sequentially along a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0019] In some embodiments, the microstrip lines of adjacent antenna elements are parallel to each other and spaced apart by a predetermined distance.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first reference ground layer, the second reference ground layer, and the antenna radiator are all made of conductive material;

[0021] The radiation layer, the first dielectric layer, and the second dielectric layer are all made of high-frequency material boards.

[0022] In some embodiments, the antenna radiator is a cylinder. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hollow structure provided in the first reference stratum in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing an impedance adjustment unit disposed on the upper surface of the radiating layer, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a microstrip line disposed on a second dielectric layer according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array composed of antenna elements provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the spacing between microstrip lines of adjacent antenna elements provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a structure provided in this application embodiment for fixing the upper and lower layers of the second dielectric layer at a preset position is provided.

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the antenna radiator and impedance adjustment unit disposed on the radiating layer with a preset height, as provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing a microstrip line with a preset height disposed on a second dielectric layer as provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing a groove corresponding to a microstrip line on a first dielectric layer provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 11 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall antenna appearance provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the bandwidth waveform of the dual "V" antennas for switching reference ground layers provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the "W" antenna bandwidth waveform when an impedance adjustment unit is added, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] This application provides an antenna for extending antenna bandwidth.

[0039] The terms "first," "second," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, antenna, system, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, antennas, products, or devices.

[0040] The following examples and embodiments are to be understood as illustrative only. While this specification may refer to "a," "an," or "some" examples or embodiments in several places, this does not mean that every such reference relates to the same example or embodiment, nor does it mean that the feature applies only to a single example or embodiment. Individual features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising" and "including" should be understood not to limit the described embodiments to consisting only of those features mentioned; such examples and embodiments may also include features, structures, units, modules, etc., not specifically mentioned.

[0041] The various embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the order in which the embodiments are presented represents only a chronological order and does not indicate the superiority or inferiority of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments.

[0042] The bandwidth of a microstrip antenna directly affects the performance of the final antenna product. For example, if the antenna bandwidth is required to reach 10 GHz or even higher, it is necessary to consider how to expand the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna.

[0043] See Figure 1 An antenna provided in this application embodiment includes: at least one antenna element 101; wherein each antenna element 101 includes:

[0044] The layers arranged from top to bottom are: Radiation Layer 01, First Reference Layer 02, First Medium Layer 03, Second Medium Layer 04, and Second Reference Layer 05; wherein:

[0045] An antenna radiator 11 is provided on the upper surface of the radiation layer 01;

[0046] The upper surface of the second dielectric layer 04 is provided with a microstrip line 41 extending in the first direction;

[0047] The first dielectric layer 03 is used to isolate the microstrip line 41 disposed on the first reference ground layer 02 and the second dielectric layer 04;

[0048] In a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 04, the projection of the first reference ground layer 02 onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 04 covers a portion of the microstrip line 41, and the projection of the second reference ground layer 05 onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 04 covers another portion of the microstrip line 41.

[0049] In this embodiment, two reference ground layers are used as an example for illustration. However, in actual applications, more reference ground layers can be set, such as three reference ground layers as needed, so that the microstrip line can switch between two reference ground layers, thereby further expanding the antenna bandwidth.

[0050] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 In the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the first reference ground layer 02, the antenna radiator 11 is projected onto the first reference ground layer 02. The first reference ground layer 02 is provided with a hollow structure 21, which is used by the microstrip line 41 to couple the signal to the antenna radiator 11.

[0051] In some embodiments, the hollow structure 21 is, for example, a rectangular hollow structure.

[0052] In this embodiment of the application, the energy of the microstrip line 41 can be better coupled to the antenna radiator 11 by setting the hollow structure 21 described above.

[0053] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The upper surface of the radiation layer 01 is also provided with at least one impedance adjustment unit 12.

[0054] In some embodiments, the impedance adjustment unit 12 is a strip-shaped metal (e.g., copper) structure.

[0055] In some embodiments, see Figure 3Two impedance adjustment units 12 are provided on the upper surface of the radiation layer 01, located on both sides of the antenna radiator 11, so that the antenna radiation pattern can be symmetrical and the radiation center of the antenna is at zero degrees.

[0056] In some embodiments, the impedance adjustment unit 12 is made of a conductor material.

[0057] In some embodiments, the impedance adjustment unit is a rectangular metal strip with a length of 1 mm, a width of 0.2 mm, and a height of 0.03 mm.

[0058] When the reference ground plane of a microstrip line changes, its impedance also changes. Therefore, the width of the microstrip line needs to be changed accordingly. Changing the microstrip line width can control the impedance to within 50 ohms, allowing current to pass through the microstrip line without loss. Therefore, in some embodiments, see... Figure 4 The width of the first portion 411 of the microstrip line 41 is greater than the width of the second portion 412 of the microstrip line 41;

[0059] The first portion 411 of the microstrip line 41 is the portion covered by the projection of the first reference ground layer 02 onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 04.

[0060] The second portion 412 of the microstrip line 41 is the portion covered by the projection of the second reference ground layer 05 onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 04.

[0061] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The antenna includes four antenna elements 101 arranged sequentially along a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0062] In some embodiments, the microstrip lines 41 of adjacent antenna elements 101 are parallel to each other and spaced apart by a predetermined distance (see [reference]). Figure 6 (e.g., 4mm).

[0063] In some embodiments, the first reference ground layer 02, the second reference ground layer 05, and the antenna radiator 11 are all made of a conductor material (e.g., copper);

[0064] The radiation layer 01, the first dielectric layer 03, and the second dielectric layer 04 are all made of high-frequency material boards.

[0065] In some embodiments, the antenna radiator 11 is a cylinder (e.g., a cylinder with a radius of 0.5 mm and a height of 0.03556 mm).

[0066] In some embodiments, see Figure 7The second dielectric layer 04 is further provided with a structure 42 for fixing the upper and lower layers of the second dielectric layer 04 at a preset position, including:

[0067] The structure is used to fix the second dielectric layer 04 on the second reference ground layer 05, such that the projection of the second reference ground layer 05 on the second dielectric layer 04 covers a portion (e.g. half) of the second dielectric layer 04.

[0068] And a structure for fixing the first dielectric layer 03 onto the second dielectric layer 04, such that the projection of the first dielectric layer 03 onto the second dielectric layer 04 covers another part (e.g., the other half) of the second dielectric layer 04.

[0069] In some embodiments, see Figure 8 The antenna radiator 11 and impedance adjustment unit 12 installed on the radiation layer 01 have a preset height, for example, 0.03mm.

[0070] In some embodiments, see Figure 9 The microstrip line 41 disposed on the second dielectric layer 04 has a preset height, for example, 0.03 mm.

[0071] In some embodiments, see Figure 10 The first dielectric layer 03 is provided with a groove 31 corresponding to the microstrip line 41, so that the first dielectric layer 03 can be stably fixed on the second dielectric layer 04.

[0072] In some embodiments, a three-dimensional view of the entire antenna appearance is shown as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0073] When microstrip lines are fed, if only one reference ground plane is used as the standard, i.e., the reference ground plane remains unchanged, the energy output is stable, which is reflected as a V-shaped curve across the antenna bandwidth. In the embodiments of this application, the upper and lower reference ground planes corresponding to the microstrip line are switched in the middle section of the microstrip line. That is, in the middle segment of the microstrip line, the lower reference plane abruptly changes to the upper reference plane. As a result, due to impedance transformation, the antenna bandwidth fluctuates, forming two V-shaped bandwidth curves, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the bandwidth of the entire antenna is extended to about 10GHz.

[0074] Furthermore, to avoid frequency offset caused by antenna waveform instability due to reference stratum switching, the two resonant frequencies are prone to excessive deviation, forming two "V"-shaped curves. To overcome this defect, the impedance adjustment unit is introduced in this embodiment, which can adjust the frequencies of the two "V"-shaped resonant points, stabilizing the two resonant frequencies near the desired frequency band. The antenna waveform intersects to form a stable "W"-shaped resonant curve, thereby further extending the antenna bandwidth. Verification has shown that, for example, the antenna bandwidth can be successfully extended to 15 GHz. Figure 13 As shown, it ranges from 75GHz to nearly 90GHz.

[0075] In summary, the antenna provided in this application embodiment has two reference ground layers: a first reference ground layer and a second reference ground layer. Furthermore, in the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, the projection of the first reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers a portion of the microstrip line, and the projection of the second reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers another portion of the microstrip line. This enables the microstrip line on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer to switch between different reference ground layers, expanding the antenna bandwidth. Further, this application embodiment introduces an impedance adjustment unit to adjust the frequencies of the two "V"-shaped resonant points, bringing the frequencies of the two resonant waveforms closer together and ultimately stabilizing them at the core frequency of 77GHz. The "V" waveforms intersect to present a stable "W"-shaped resonant curve, further expanding the antenna bandwidth. For example, the antenna bandwidth can be increased to 15GHz, significantly improving the performance of the antenna product.

[0076] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, include: At least one antenna element; wherein each of the antenna elements comprises: The layers arranged from top to bottom are: radiation layer, first reference layer, first dielectric layer, second dielectric layer, and second reference layer; wherein: An antenna radiator is provided on the upper surface of the radiating layer; The upper surface of the second dielectric layer is provided with microstrip lines extending along the first direction; The first dielectric layer is used to isolate the first reference ground layer and the microstrip line disposed on the second dielectric layer; In a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, the projection of the first reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers a portion of the microstrip line, and the projection of the second reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer covers another portion of the microstrip line.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, In a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the first reference ground layer, the antenna radiator is projected onto the first reference ground layer. The first reference ground layer is provided with a hollow structure, which is used by the microstrip line to couple the signal to the antenna radiator.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the radiation layer is also provided with at least one impedance adjustment unit.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, Two impedance adjustment units are provided on the upper surface of the radiating layer, located on both sides of the antenna radiator.

5. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The impedance adjustment unit is made of a conductor.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the first portion of the microstrip line is greater than the width of the second portion of the microstrip line; The first portion of the microstrip line is the portion covered by the projection of the first reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer; The second portion of the microstrip line is the portion covered by the projection of the second reference ground layer onto the upper surface of the second dielectric layer.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes four antenna elements arranged sequentially along a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microstrip lines of adjacent antenna elements are parallel to each other and spaced at a predetermined distance.

9. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first reference ground layer, the second reference ground layer, and the antenna radiator are all made of conductive material; The radiation layer, the first dielectric layer, and the second dielectric layer are all made of high-frequency material boards.

10. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna radiator is a cylinder.

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