Intelligent photovoltaic module and system
By introducing a shutdown control module into the photovoltaic module, parallel connection and fault bypass of the photovoltaic module with external components are realized, solving the problem of high cost caused by a large number of cables and improving the stability and safety of the system.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SUZHOU HEGUANG TONGYAO INTELLIGENT TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing photovoltaic modules have a large number of cables when connected to photovoltaic strings, resulting in high material costs.
A shutdown control module is added to the photovoltaic module, which connects the internal photovoltaic module in parallel or bypasses the subsequent external module through four cables, reducing the use of cables, and realizing voltage parallel connection and fault bypass through the shutdown control module.
It reduces the cost of using cables and photovoltaic connectors, improves the stability and safety of photovoltaic strings, and reduces losses caused by failures.
Smart Images
Figure CN224178142U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to an intelligent photovoltaic module and system. Background Technology
[0002] Photovoltaic modules, also known as solar cell modules or solar panels, are composed of multiple solar cells sealed together in series and parallel. Their core function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules typically have a three-part junction box on the back, with a cable leading from each of the two junction boxes, serving as the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic module, respectively. The ends of the cables are photovoltaic connectors. The male and female connectors of the photovoltaic connectors can be quickly plugged and unplugged, allowing multiple photovoltaic modules to be connected in series, or to photovoltaic modules to be connected to module-level power electronics (MLPE) devices to form photovoltaic strings. The resulting photovoltaic strings can provide higher voltages to match grid voltages or meet the input requirements of inverters.
[0003] MLPE equipment mainly includes micro-inverters, shutdown devices, and power optimizers. These are sophisticated control devices in solar photovoltaic systems, capable of inverting, monitoring, optimizing power, and shutting down individual or several photovoltaic modules, thus achieving refined management of the photovoltaic modules. However, the aforementioned photovoltaic modules present a high cost issue when connected to photovoltaic strings. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an intelligent photovoltaic module and system that reduces the number of cables used in series between photovoltaic modules, thereby reducing material costs.
[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an intelligent photovoltaic module, including an internal photovoltaic module and a shutdown control module;
[0006] The first cable of the shutdown control module is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module, and the second cable of the shutdown control module is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module.
[0007] The third cable of the shutdown control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module and / or the positive terminal of the subsequent smart photovoltaic module.
[0008] The fourth cable of the shutdown control module is used to connect to the positive terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module;
[0009] The shutdown control module is used to connect the output voltage of the internal photovoltaic module and / or the subsequent external photovoltaic module in parallel to the photovoltaic string when it is turned on, and to bypass the internal photovoltaic module and / or the subsequent external photovoltaic module when it is turned off.
[0010] Optionally, the shutdown control module includes a first switch, a second switch, and a bypass unit;
[0011] The first end of the first switch is connected to the negative electrode of the internal photovoltaic module through the first cable, the second end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the second switch, and the second end of the second switch is used to connect to the positive electrode of the next-stage external photovoltaic module through the fourth cable;
[0012] The input terminal of the bypass unit is connected to the second terminal of the first switch, and the output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module via a second cable, so as to bypass the internal photovoltaic module when the first switch is open; or,
[0013] The input terminal of the bypass unit is connected to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module and / or the positive terminal of the next-stage smart photovoltaic module via a third cable, and the output terminal is connected to the first terminal of the second switch, so as to bypass the next-stage external photovoltaic module when the second switch is open.
[0014] Optionally, the bypass unit includes a first diode, the positive terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the first switch and the first terminal of the second switch, respectively, and the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module through the second cable.
[0015] Optionally, the shutdown control module includes a first switch, a second switch, a second diode, and a third diode;
[0016] The first end of the first switch is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module via the first cable, and the second end of the second switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module via the fourth cable.
[0017] The positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the first switch, the first terminal of the second switch, and the negative terminal of the third diode, respectively.
[0018] The negative terminal of the second diode is used to connect to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module through the second cable, and the positive terminal of the third diode is used to connect to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module and the positive terminal of the subsequent smart photovoltaic module through the third cable.
[0019] Optionally, both the first switch and the second switch include a control terminal, which is used to receive control signals.
[0020] Optionally, both the first cable and the second cable include a photovoltaic connector.
[0021] Optionally, the end of the third cable away from the shutdown control module includes a first branch cable and a second branch cable, and both the first branch cable and the second branch cable are provided with photovoltaic connectors;
[0022] The first branch cable is used to connect to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module, and the second branch cable is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage smart photovoltaic module;
[0023] The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also connected to a fifth cable, and the second branch cable of the previous stage intelligent photovoltaic module is connected through the fifth cable.
[0024] Optionally, the positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is further connected to a sixth cable and a seventh cable;
[0025] The positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module is used to connect to the fourth cable of the previous stage intelligent photovoltaic module via the sixth cable;
[0026] The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also used to connect to the negative electrode of the previous-stage external photovoltaic module via the seventh cable.
[0027] Optionally, the positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also connected to an eighth cable, which is used to connect to the negative electrode of the previous stage external photovoltaic module through the eighth cable;
[0028] The fourth cable of the shutdown control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the external photovoltaic module of the next stage.
[0029] Secondly, this application provides an intelligent photovoltaic system, including the intelligent photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect.
[0030] This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic module and system. The intelligent photovoltaic module is constructed by adding a shutdown control module to an internal photovoltaic module. Each of the positive and negative terminals of the internal photovoltaic module is connected to the shutdown control module via a separate cable, eliminating the need for extra cable length. With the help of the internal shutdown control module, only four cables are required to connect the internal module and the subsequent external photovoltaic module into the photovoltaic string, further reducing the number of cables. Furthermore, when the internal photovoltaic module and the shutdown control module are connected via cables, photovoltaic connectors are not required. Therefore, the use of cables and photovoltaic connectors is saved, significantly reducing material costs.
[0031] Furthermore, by shutting down the control module, the status of the entire photovoltaic string is not affected when the internal photovoltaic modules or the downstream external photovoltaic modules are disconnected due to faults or damage, thus reducing losses and improving stability. Attached Figure Description
[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0033] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0034] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0035] Figure 3 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the connection between a smart photovoltaic module and other photovoltaic modules.
[0036] Figure 4 This is the second schematic diagram showing the connection between the smart photovoltaic module and other photovoltaic modules.
[0037] Figure 5 This is the third diagram illustrating the connection between a smart photovoltaic module and other photovoltaic modules.
[0038] Figure 6 The third schematic diagram of the structure of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0039] Figure 7 The fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0040] Figure 8 The fifth schematic diagram of the structure of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0041] Figure 9 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the structure of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0042] Figure 10 The seventh schematic diagram of the structure of the smart photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0043] Icons: 10 - Smart photovoltaic module; 100 - Internal photovoltaic module; 110 - Shutdown control module; 111 - Bypass unit; 120 - First cable; 130 - Second cable; 140 - Third cable; 141 - First branch cable; 142 - Second branch cable; 150 - Fourth cable; 160 - Photovoltaic connector; 170 - Fifth cable; 180 - Sixth cable; 190 - Seventh cable; 200 - Eighth cable; 20 - External photovoltaic module; Q1 - First switch; Q2 - Second switch; D1 - First diode; D2 - Second diode; D3 - Third diode. Detailed Implementation
[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0045] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0046] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0048] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0049] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0050] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0051] Multiple photovoltaic (PV) modules connected in series form a PV array. Connecting multiple PV modules in series typically requires a single-to-one or a single-to-two power cut-off switch. When using a single-to-one power cut-off switch, the output of each PV module is connected to the input of its corresponding switch, and the outputs of these switches are then connected in series to form a string, which outputs power. Compared to a single-to-one switch, a single-to-two power cut-off switch has two sets of inputs, allowing connection to two PV modules and independent control of each. A single-to-one power cut-off switch requires four cables to connect one PV module to a PV string, while a single-to-two power cut-off switch requires six cables to connect two PV modules to a PV string.
[0052] Photovoltaic cables account for a relatively high proportion of the cost, about 20%, which leads to the high cost of current photovoltaic modules connected in series.
[0053] To reduce the series connection cost of photovoltaic modules, refer to Figure 1 This application provides an intelligent photovoltaic module 10, an internal photovoltaic module 100, and a shutdown control module 110.
[0054] The first cable 120 of the shutdown control module 110 is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100, and the second cable 130 of the shutdown control module 110 is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100.
[0055] The third cable 140 of the shutdown control module 110 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module and / or the positive terminal of the subsequent smart photovoltaic module 10.
[0056] The fourth cable 150 of the shutdown control module 110 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module.
[0057] The shutdown control module 110 is used to connect the output voltage of the internal photovoltaic module 100 and / or the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 in parallel to the photovoltaic string when it is turned on, and to bypass the internal photovoltaic module 100 and / or the subsequent external photovoltaic module when it is turned off.
[0058] In this application, both the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the external photovoltaic module are ordinary photovoltaic modules (i.e., solar panels). The subsequent intelligent photovoltaic module 10 has the same structure as the intelligent photovoltaic module 10 provided in this application, that is, it also includes the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the shutdown control module 110.
[0059] With the above structure, a smart photovoltaic module 10 is formed by adding a shutdown control module 110 to the internal photovoltaic module 100. The positive and negative terminals of the internal photovoltaic module 100 are each connected to the shutdown control module 110 via a separate cable, eliminating the need for extra length and reducing cable length. Under the control of the internal shutdown control module 110, only four cables are required to connect the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 into the photovoltaic string, further reducing the number of cables. Furthermore, when the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the shutdown control module 110 are connected via cables, the photovoltaic connector 160 is not needed. This saves on cables and photovoltaic connectors 160, significantly reducing material costs.
[0060] Furthermore, by shutting down the control module, the status of the entire photovoltaic string is not affected when the internal photovoltaic module 100 or the downstream external photovoltaic module is disconnected due to fault or damage, thus reducing losses and improving stability.
[0061] In order to enable connection to external photovoltaic modules and / or smart photovoltaic modules 10, the third cable 140 and the fourth cable 150 are equipped with photovoltaic connectors 160.
[0062] Both the first cable 120 and the second cable 130 can be cables of any specification and structure, such as non-detachable cables or detachable cables, and can be selected according to actual needs.
[0063] For ease of disassembly and maintenance of the shutdown control module 110, refer to... Figure 2 Both the first cable 120 and the second cable 130 include a photovoltaic connector 160.
[0064] Thus, the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the shutdown control module 110 of the smart photovoltaic module 10 are connected by a first cable 120 and a second cable 130 with a photovoltaic connector 160, allowing the shutdown control module 110 and the internal photovoltaic module 100 to be detached. This facilitates the replacement and maintenance of the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the shutdown control module 110.
[0065] Based on the structure of the intelligent photovoltaic module 10, the intelligent photovoltaic module 10 connects itself and the next-level external photovoltaic module in series to form a unit group. By selecting different types of cables as the third cable 140, the unit group can be connected to the photovoltaic string in multiple ways.
[0066] In one example, refer to Figure 3 The third cable 140 can be a branched cable. At this time, the end of the third cable 140 away from the shutdown control module 110 includes a first branch cable 141 and a second branch cable 142. Both the first branch cable 141 and the second branch cable 142 are equipped with photovoltaic connectors 160.
[0067] The first branch cable 141 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20, and the second branch cable 142 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage smart photovoltaic module 10.
[0068] The positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 is also connected to a fifth cable 170, and is connected to the second branch cable 142 of the previous stage intelligent photovoltaic module 10 through the fifth cable 170.
[0069] In the above structure, only five cables are needed to connect the unit group consisting of the intelligent photovoltaic module 10 and the external photovoltaic module 20 in series to the photovoltaic module. The total length and number of cables required are greatly reduced, thereby significantly reducing material costs.
[0070] The aforementioned intelligent photovoltaic module 10 and external photovoltaic module 20 are connected in series to form a unit group. Any number of identical unit groups can be connected in series using the above structure (e.g., the second branch cable 142 of the previous unit group is connected to the fifth cable 170 of the next unit group) to form a photovoltaic string.
[0071] In another example, the third cable 140 can be a regular cable. In this case, to connect other photovoltaic modules in series to form a photovoltaic string, refer to... Figure 4 The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module 100 is also connected to the sixth cable 180 and the seventh cable 190.
[0072] The positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 is used to connect to the fourth cable 150 of the previous stage intelligent photovoltaic module 10 via the sixth cable 180.
[0073] The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module 100 is also used to connect to the negative electrode of the previous external photovoltaic module 20 via the seventh cable 190.
[0074] In the above structure, when the other photovoltaic modules are connected in series, only two additional cables (i.e., the sixth cable 180 and the seventh cable 190) need to be led out from the positive terminal junction box of the smart photovoltaic module 10 to connect the unit group formed by the smart photovoltaic module 10 and the external photovoltaic module 20 in series to the photovoltaic module. The third cable 140 no longer needs to be split into two. The total length and number of cables required are greatly reduced, thereby significantly reducing material costs.
[0075] In yet another example, the third cable 140 can be a regular cable. In this case, to connect other photovoltaic modules in series to form a photovoltaic string, refer to... Figure 5 The positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 is also connected to an eighth cable 200, which is used to connect to the negative terminal of the previous external photovoltaic module 20 via the eighth cable 200.
[0076] The fourth cable 150 of the shutdown control module 110 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the external photovoltaic module 20 of the next stage.
[0077] In the above structure, when the other photovoltaic modules are connected in series, only one additional cable (i.e., the eighth cable 200) needs to be led out from the positive terminal junction box of the smart photovoltaic module 10 to connect the unit group formed by the smart photovoltaic module 10 and the external photovoltaic module 20 in series to the photovoltaic module. The third cable 140 no longer needs to be split into two, and the total length and number of cables required are greatly reduced, thereby significantly reducing material costs.
[0078] In the smart photovoltaic module 10 provided above, the implementation structure of the shutdown control module 110 can be flexibly set. For example, it can be a switching circuit composed of switches, or a switching circuit composed of switching transistors such as MOSFETs and transistors. Its circuit structure is not limited.
[0079] In order to bypass (i.e. isolate) the faulty photovoltaic module when the external photovoltaic module 20 or the internal photovoltaic module 100 of the smart photovoltaic module 10 fails and the switch-off control module 110 is disconnected, without affecting the working status of the photovoltaic string, the switch and the function of bypassing the faulty photovoltaic module are introduced in the shutdown control module 110.
[0080] In one example, refer to Figure 6 The shutdown control module 110 includes a first switch Q1, a second switch Q2, and a bypass unit.
[0081] The first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 via the first cable 120. The second end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first end of the second switch Q2. The second end of the second switch Q2 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20 via the fourth cable 150.
[0082] The input terminal of the bypass unit is connected to the second terminal of the first switch Q1, and the output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 through the second cable 130, so as to bypass the internal photovoltaic module 100 when the first switch Q1 is open.
[0083] Or, in another example, refer to Figure 7 ,and Figure 6 The difference in the provided shutdown control module 110 is that the input terminal of the bypass unit is connected to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20 and / or the positive terminal of the next-stage smart photovoltaic module 10 via the third cable 140, and the output terminal is connected to the first terminal of the second switch Q2, so as to bypass the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20 when the second switch Q2 is open.
[0084] When the bypass unit 111 is connected to the second terminal of the first switch Q1, and connected to the positive terminal of the second internal photovoltaic module 100 via the second cable 130 (i.e., Figure 6 When the structure shown is in place, if the internal photovoltaic module 100 fails or is damaged, the first switch Q1 will be disconnected to disconnect the internal photovoltaic module 100, and under the action of the bypass unit 111, the external photovoltaic module 20 will be normally connected to the photovoltaic string so that the photovoltaic string can work normally.
[0085] When the bypass unit 111 is connected to the first terminal of the second switch Q2, and is connected to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 and / or the subsequent smart photovoltaic module 10 (i.e., ...) via the third cable 140 Figure 7 When the structure shown is such that the downstream external photovoltaic module 20 fails or is damaged, the second switch Q2 will be disconnected to disconnect the downstream external photovoltaic module 20, and under the action of the bypass unit 111, the internal photovoltaic module 100 will be normally connected to the photovoltaic string so that the photovoltaic string can work normally.
[0086] With the above structure, the shutdown control module 110 can disconnect and bypass only the photovoltaic modules that are not working properly, without affecting the entire photovoltaic string, thus ensuring the stability of the photovoltaic string and reducing losses caused by the failure of a single module.
[0087] The circuit structure of the bypass unit 111 can be flexibly selected. For example, it can be a circuit composed of MOS transistors or a circuit composed of triodes. Its circuit structure is not limited.
[0088] In order to reduce circuit complexity and cost while still achieving the bypass function, the bypass unit 111 can be a circuit composed of diodes.
[0089] When the bypass unit is a circuit composed of diodes, and the bypass unit is connected to the second terminal of the first switch Q1, and connected to the positive terminal of the second internal photovoltaic module 100 via the second cable 130 (i.e., Figure 6 When referring to the structure shown), Figure 8 The bypass unit includes a first diode D1. The positive terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of the first switch Q1 and the first terminal of the second switch Q2, respectively. The negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 through the second cable 130.
[0090] When the bypass unit is a circuit composed of the first diode D1, and the bypass unit is connected to the first terminal of the second switch Q2, and is connected to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 and / or the subsequent smart photovoltaic module 10 (i.e., ...) via the third cable 140 Figure 7 When referring to the structure shown), Figure 9The positive terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20 and / or the positive terminal of the next-stage intelligent photovoltaic module 10 through the third cable 140, and the negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of the second switch Q2.
[0091] To ensure that in the event of a failure or damage to either or both of the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20, their connection can be disconnected without affecting the connection between the remaining photovoltaic modules, while also reducing circuit complexity and cost, refer to... Figure 10 The shutdown control module 110 includes a first switch Q1, a second switch Q2, a second diode D2, and a third diode D3.
[0092] The first end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 via the first cable 120, and the second end of the second switch Q2 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20 via the fourth cable 150.
[0093] The positive terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to the second terminal of the first switch Q1, the first terminal of the second switch Q2, and the negative terminal of the third diode D3.
[0094] The negative terminal of the second diode D2 is used to connect to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module 100 through the second cable 130, and the positive terminal of the third diode D3 is used to connect to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module 20 and the positive terminal of the next-stage intelligent photovoltaic module 10 through the third cable 140.
[0095] When both switches are closed, the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 are both connected to the photovoltaic string. When the first switch Q1 is opened due to a fault or damage to the internal photovoltaic module, the internal photovoltaic module 100 is bypassed under the action of the second diode D2, and the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 is normally connected to the photovoltaic string. When the second switch Q2 is opened due to a fault or damage to the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20, the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 is bypassed under the action of the third diode D3, and the internal photovoltaic module 100 is normally connected to the photovoltaic string. When both the internal photovoltaic module 100 and the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 are faulty or damaged, and both the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 are opened, the other photovoltaic modules are normally connected under the action of the second diode D2 and the third diode D3, and the photovoltaic string is unaffected.
[0096] With the above structure, if either the internal photovoltaic module 100 or the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 fails or is damaged, the other can still be connected to the photovoltaic string normally without affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic string, greatly improving safety and other performance, and reducing losses.
[0097] The first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 in the aforementioned shutdown control module 110 can be manually switched or automatically controlled, and the implementation method is not limited.
[0098] To facilitate automatic control of the opening and closing of the two switches, both the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 include a control terminal for receiving control signals. These control signals can be input from external devices to the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, or they can be input from internal devices; the implementation method is unrestricted.
[0099] To automate the monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) module conditions and promptly disconnect modules in case of failure or damage to prevent collateral damage and reduce risk costs, a control chip, a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a first voltage sensor, and a second voltage sensor can be incorporated into the shutdown controller. The control chip is connected to the control terminals of the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2, respectively. The control chip is also connected to the output terminals of the first current sensor, the second current sensor, the first voltage sensor, and the second voltage sensor, respectively.
[0100] The sampling terminals of the first current sensor and the first sampling terminal of the first voltage sensor are both connected to the first terminal of the shutdown control module 110 (i.e., the connection point between the shutdown control module 110 and the first cable 120). The second sampling terminal of the first voltage sensor is connected to the first terminal of the shutdown control module (i.e., the connection point between the shutdown control module 110 and the second cable 130).
[0101] The sampling terminal of the second current sensor and the first sampling terminal of the second voltage sensor are connected to the fourth terminal of the shutdown control module 110 (i.e., the connection point between the shutdown control module 110 and the fourth cable 150), and the second sampling terminal of the second voltage sensor is connected to the third terminal of the shutdown control module 110 (i.e., the connection point between the shutdown control module 110 and the third cable 140).
[0102] With the above structure, the first current sensor is used to collect the output current of the internal photovoltaic module 100, the first voltage sensor is used to collect the output voltage of the internal photovoltaic module 100, the second current sensor is used to collect the output current of the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20, and the second voltage sensor is used to collect the output voltage of the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20. Furthermore, the control chip determines whether the internal and external photovoltaic modules 20 are faulty based on the output voltage and output current of the internal photovoltaic module 100 (if both are zero, it is a fault), and controls the first switch Q1 to open when a fault is determined. Similarly, the control chip determines whether the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20 is faulty based on the output voltage and output current of the subsequent external photovoltaic module 20, and controls the second switch Q2 to open when a fault is determined.
[0103] In this way, the real-time detection of the photovoltaic module status and the automatic control of the switch can be realized, so that when the photovoltaic module is damaged or malfunctions, it can be switched off and bypassed in time, which greatly reduces losses and improves safety risks.
[0104] Based on the same inventive concept as the aforementioned smart photovoltaic module 10, this application embodiment also provides a smart photovoltaic system, which includes multiple smart photovoltaic modules 10 provided above, and multiple external photovoltaic modules 20. One smart photovoltaic module 10 and one external photovoltaic module 20 constitute a unit group, and multiple unit groups are connected in series in any of the connection methods provided above.
[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A smart photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Including internal photovoltaic modules and a shutdown control module; The first cable of the shutdown control module is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module, and the second cable of the shutdown control module is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module. The third cable of the shutdown control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module and / or the positive terminal of the subsequent smart photovoltaic module. The fourth cable of the shutdown control module is used to connect to the positive terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module; The shutdown control module is used to connect the output voltage of the internal photovoltaic module and / or the subsequent external photovoltaic module in parallel to the photovoltaic string when it is turned on, and to bypass the internal photovoltaic module and / or the subsequent external photovoltaic module when it is turned off.
2. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shutdown control module includes a first switch, a second switch, and a bypass unit; The first end of the first switch is connected to the negative electrode of the internal photovoltaic module through the first cable, the second end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the second switch, and the second end of the second switch is used to connect to the positive electrode of the next-stage external photovoltaic module through the fourth cable; The input terminal of the bypass unit is connected to the second terminal of the first switch, and the output terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module via a second cable, so as to bypass the internal photovoltaic module when the first switch is open; or, The input terminal of the bypass unit is connected to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module and / or the positive terminal of the next-stage smart photovoltaic module via a third cable, and the output terminal is connected to the first terminal of the second switch, so as to bypass the next-stage external photovoltaic module when the second switch is open.
3. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bypass unit includes a first diode, the positive terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the first switch and the first terminal of the second switch, respectively, and the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module through the second cable.
4. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shutdown control module includes a first switch, a second switch, a second diode, and a third diode; The first end of the first switch is connected to the negative terminal of the internal photovoltaic module via the first cable, and the second end of the second switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module via the fourth cable. The positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the first switch, the first terminal of the second switch, and the negative terminal of the third diode, respectively. The negative terminal of the second diode is used to connect to the positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module through the second cable, and the positive terminal of the third diode is used to connect to the negative terminal of the subsequent external photovoltaic module and the positive terminal of the subsequent smart photovoltaic module through the third cable.
5. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, Both the first switch and the second switch include a control terminal, which is used to receive control signals.
6. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Both the first cable and the second cable include photovoltaic connectors.
7. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The end of the third cable away from the shutdown control module includes a first branch cable and a second branch cable, and both the first branch cable and the second branch cable are provided with photovoltaic connectors. The first branch cable is used to connect to the negative terminal of the next-stage external photovoltaic module, and the second branch cable is used to connect to the positive terminal of the next-stage smart photovoltaic module; The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also connected to a fifth cable, and the second branch cable of the previous stage intelligent photovoltaic module is connected through the fifth cable.
8. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also connected to a sixth cable and a seventh cable; The positive terminal of the internal photovoltaic module is used to connect to the fourth cable of the previous stage intelligent photovoltaic module via the sixth cable; The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also used to connect to the negative electrode of the previous-stage external photovoltaic module via the seventh cable.
9. The intelligent photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The positive electrode of the internal photovoltaic module is also connected to an eighth cable, which is used to connect to the negative electrode of the previous external photovoltaic module through the eighth cable. The fourth cable of the shutdown control module is used to connect to the negative terminal of the external photovoltaic module of the next stage.
10. A smart photovoltaic system, characterized in that, Including the smart photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.