Automatic unhooking and hooking device for vehicle and tractor comprising automatic unhooking and hooking device

Abstract

The utility model relates to an automatic unhooking and hooking device for a vehicle, which comprises a regulation and control assembly, and the regulation and control assembly comprises a first mounting plate and a regulation and control switch connected to the first mounting plate; the device further comprises a back plate, a driving assembly and a moving assembly, wherein the driving assembly and the moving assembly are arranged on the back plate. The regulation and control switch is matched with the driving assembly; the device further comprises a traction assembly and a lock pin assembly, and the traction assembly and the lock pin assembly are matched through the movement assembly to achieve relative movement in the first direction. A gear of the movement assembly is matched with a first rack, so that when the traction assembly moves in the first direction, the gear is in meshing transmission with the first rack and a second rack, and the lock pin assembly moves in the opposite direction; under the guiding action of the guide rail, the movement tracks of the guide plate and the third mounting plate are restrained, the reverse movement precision of the traction assembly and the lock pin assembly is ensured, the limitation of the movement angle of a traditional traction arm is relieved, and the connecting device of the tractor and the trailer can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode at any angle.

Description

An automatic uncoupling device for vehicles and a tractor including the device Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tractor technology, and in particular to an automatic uncoupling device for vehicles and a tractor including the device. Background Technology

[0002] In modern logistics and transportation systems, the connection device between the tractor and trailer, as a core transmission component, directly affects transportation efficiency and safety. Traditional tractor units have long faced unresolved technical challenges in traction operations. Specifically:

[0003] (a) The design of the traction arm of a traditional tractor is often limited to a specific range of motion angles. This directly results in the tractor being unable to exhibit sufficient flexibility to complete traction tasks when faced with some complex and ever-changing traction conditions, which in turn restricts the efficiency of operation.

[0004] (ii) When a traditional tractor unit is connected to a trailer and travels together, the various impacts and vibrations generated by the trailer during its movement are directly transmitted to the tractor unit's structure without any obstruction. This direct impact transmission not only exacerbates the wear and aging of the tractor unit's structural components but also causes significant damage to the overall structure, affecting the stability and safety of the vehicle during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an automatic uncoupling device for vehicles and a tractor including the device, so as to solve one or more problems in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] An automatic unhooking device for vehicles includes a drive assembly and a motion assembly both disposed on a back plate. The device also includes a traction assembly and a locking pin assembly respectively cooperating with the motion assembly. The drive assembly is connected to the traction assembly. Under the drive of the drive assembly, the traction assembly and the locking pin assembly achieve relative movement in a first direction through the cooperation of the motion assembly.

[0008] Furthermore, the drive assembly includes a motor and a second mounting plate for mounting the motor, the second mounting plate being connected to the back plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the drive assembly also includes a first fixing member and a second fixing member arranged vertically along a first direction, as well as a lead screw. One end of the lead screw is disposed on the first fixing member and cooperates with the motor, and the other end of the lead screw is disposed on the second fixing member. The drive assembly also includes a movable block disposed between the first fixing member and the second fixing member and cooperating with the lead screw. A first connecting plate is disposed on the movable block, and the first connecting plate is disposed on the traction assembly.

[0010] Furthermore, the traction assembly includes a second connecting plate and a guide plate connected to the second connecting plate, the guide plate having an oblique opening at one end away from the back plate in a direction away from the back plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the locking pin assembly includes a third mounting plate, an elastic element, and a pin, with one end of the elastic element connected to the third mounting plate and the other end of the elastic element connected to the pin.

[0012] Furthermore, the locking pin assembly also includes a base plate, the surface of which has a first hole and a bevel at one end away from the back plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the motion component includes a guide rail disposed along a first direction, the guide rail being respectively engaged with the traction component and the locking pin component.

[0014] Furthermore, the motion component also includes a first rack, a second rack, and a gear disposed on the back plate. The first rack is disposed on the traction component, the second rack is disposed on the locking pin component, and the gear cooperates with the first rack and the second rack.

[0015] Furthermore, the device includes a control component and a fourth mounting plate, the fourth mounting plate being connected to the back plate, and the control component being disposed on the fourth mounting plate; the control component includes a first mounting plate and a control switch connected to the first mounting plate, the control switch cooperating with the drive component.

[0016] A tractor unit includes the aforementioned automatic uncoupling device for vehicles.

[0017] Furthermore, the tractor unit includes a vehicle body and an automatic uncoupling device for vehicles located at the rear of the tractor unit's running path, and is at least partially embedded in the tractor unit. Specifically, the aforementioned back plate is installed inside the tractor unit body.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0019] (i) In this new type, the gear of the motion component cooperates with the first rack, so that when the traction component moves in the first direction, the locking pin component will move in the opposite direction through the meshing transmission of the gear with the first rack and the second rack; and the guiding effect of the guide rail further constrains the movement trajectory of the guide plate and the third mounting plate, ensuring the accuracy of the reverse movement of the traction component and the locking pin component, effectively removing the limitation of the traditional traction arm's angle of movement, and enabling the connection device between the tractor and the trailer to be adaptively adjusted at any angle.

[0020] (ii) The combination of the pin and elastic element in the new locking pin assembly can absorb the impact energy transmitted by the trailer through elastic deformation while towing the trailer, effectively attenuating the impact and vibration transmitted by the trailer, avoiding the direct action of rigid impact on the tractor body, further extending the service life of the tractor, and enhancing the stability and safety during driving. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic unhooking device for vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic unhooking device for vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 shows a structural schematic diagram of an automatic vehicle unhooking device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 shows an automatic vehicle unhooking device and a traction device including the device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] A schematic diagram of the tractor unit.

[0025] The following are labels in the attached diagram: 1. Control component; 11. First mounting plate; 12. Control switch; 2. Back plate; 3. Drive component; 31. Motor; 32. Second mounting plate; 33. First fixing component; 34. Second fixing component; 35. Lead screw; 36. Moving block; 4. Motion component; 41. Guide rail; 42. First rack; 43. Second rack; 44. Gear; 5. Traction component; 51. Second connecting plate; 52. Guide plate; 6. Locking pin component; 61. Third mounting plate; 62. Elastic element; 63. Pin; 64. Base plate; 641. First hole; 642. Inclined surface; 7. Fourth mounting plate; 71. Second hole; 8. First connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description of an automatic vehicle unhooking device proposed by this utility model, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, will further illustrate its purpose. The advantages and features of this utility model will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, used only to facilitate and clearly illustrate the purpose of the embodiments of this utility model. Please refer to the accompanying drawings to make the objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of this utility model. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by this utility model, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this utility model.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, where Figures 1 and 3 show the state of the automatic unhooking device for the tractor unit in this embodiment when it is not towing a trailer, and Figure 2 shows the state of the automatic unhooking device for the tractor unit in this embodiment when it is towing a trailer. The device includes a control component 1, which includes a first mounting plate 11 and a control switch 12 connected to the first mounting plate 11. The device also includes a back plate 2 and a drive component 3 and a motion component 4 disposed on the back plate 2. Preferably, the back plate 2 is used to install the automatic unhooking device onto the tractor unit. The control switch 12 cooperates with the drive component 3. When the trailer's towing arm approaches the tractor unit, the control switch 12 detects whether the towing arm has entered the effective sensing range, thereby driving the drive component 3 to move. The device also includes a traction component 5 and a locking pin component 6 respectively cooperating with the motion component 4. The drive component 3 acts on the traction component 5 via a first connecting plate 8. Under the drive of the drive component 3, the traction component 5 and the locking pin component 6 achieve relative movement in a first direction through the cooperation of the motion component 4. In this embodiment, the first direction is the height direction of the back plate 2.

[0028] The backplate 2 can be understood as a mounting component for connecting the vehicle's automatic disengagement device to the vehicle body. In different embodiments, the mounting component is not limited to a single structural form; for example, it can be configured as two or more mounting plates, or replaced with mounting blocks, as long as a stable connection with the vehicle body can be achieved. Further, the drive assembly 3 includes a motor 31 and a second mounting plate 32 for mounting the motor 31, the second mounting plate 32 being connected to the backplate 2. The drive assembly 3 also includes a first fixing member 33 and a second fixing member 34 arranged vertically along a first direction, and a lead screw 35. One end of the lead screw 35 is disposed on the first fixing member 33 and cooperates with the motor 31, and the other end of the lead screw 35 is disposed on the second fixing member 34. The forward and reverse rotation of the lead screw 35 is achieved by the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 31. The drive assembly 3 further includes a movable block 36 disposed between the first fixing member 33 and the second fixing member 34 and cooperating with the lead screw 35. The movable block 36 is provided with the first connecting plate 8. By rotating the lead screw 35, the movable block 36 and the first connecting plate 8 connected to the movable block 36 are driven to rise or fall along the first direction.

[0029] Furthermore, the traction assembly 5 includes a second connecting plate 51 and a guide plate 52 connected to the second connecting plate 51. In this embodiment, two guide plates 52 are provided. The guide plate 52 forms an oblique opening at the end away from the back plate 2, and the opening diameter increases as it moves away from the back plate 2, thereby guiding the trailer traction. The first connecting plate 8 is also provided on the traction assembly 5. Specifically, the first connecting plate 8 is also connected to the guide plate 52 near the drive assembly 3, i.e., the guide plate 52 on the left side of Figure 1. When the lead screw 35 rotates, it drives the guide plate 52 to rise or fall in the first direction, thereby causing the traction assembly 5 to rise or fall in the first direction.

[0030] Furthermore, the locking pin assembly 6 includes a third mounting plate 61, an elastic element 62, and a pin 63. One end of the elastic element 62 is connected to the third mounting plate 61, and the other end of the elastic element 62 is connected to the pin 63. Specifically, the elastic element 62 can be selected from other components that can play a buffering role, such as a spring. Preferably, the pin 63 is movably located in the opening formed by the guide plate 52, which facilitates the trailer to enter the opening and be acted upon by the pin 63. The pin 63 can be made of materials such as elastic rubber, which absorbs impact energy through elastic deformation, reduces the damage of impact force to the tractor structure, improves the service life of the tractor, and also improves the comfort and safety of vehicle driving.

[0031] Furthermore, the locking pin assembly 6 also includes a base plate 64, the surface of which has a first hole 641, and an inclined surface 642 at the end away from the back plate 2. The inclined surface 642 facilitates the entry of the trailer into the area of ​​the base plate 64. The device also includes a fourth mounting plate 7, which is connected to the back plate 2. The adjusting assembly 1 is disposed on the fourth mounting plate 7. The fourth mounting plate 7 has a second hole 71. The first hole 641, the second hole 71, and the pin 63 are collinear along the center of a first direction, meaning that the pin 63 can move along the first direction through the first hole 641 and the second hole 71, thereby locking or releasing the trailer and ensuring the accuracy and safety of the docking operation.

[0032] Furthermore, the motion component 4 includes a guide rail 41 arranged along a first direction. The guide rail 41 is respectively engaged with the traction component 5 and the locking pin component 6. Specifically, the guide rail 41 is respectively engaged with the guide plate 52 and the third mounting plate 61. That is, in this embodiment, three guide rails 41 are provided, preferably connected by a slider. The motion component 4 also includes a first rack 42, a second rack 43, and a gear 44 disposed on the back plate 2. The first rack 42 is disposed on the traction component 5, specifically on the guide plate 52 on the side away from the drive component 3, i.e., the right-side guide plate 52. The second rack 43 is disposed on the locking pin component 6, specifically on the side of the third mounting plate 61 near the gear 44. The gear 44 engages with the first rack 42 and the second rack 43. Specifically, when the traction component 5 moves in the first direction, due to the arrangement of the gear 44, the first rack 42, and the second rack 43, the locking pin component 6 moves in the opposite direction to the movement of the traction component 5, thereby realizing that when towing a trailer, the movement angle between the trailer and the tractor is not restricted, improving the tractor's working ability under various working conditions.

[0033] A tractor unit includes the aforementioned automatic uncoupling device for vehicles.

[0034] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4, the tractor includes a vehicle body and an automatic uncoupling device for vehicles located at the rear of the tractor's running path, and at least part of the device is embedded in the tractor. Specifically, the back plate 2 is installed in the body of the tractor.

[0035] A tractor unit can be used to tow trailers. In a tractor unit equipped with the aforementioned automatic uncoupling device, as shown in Figure 3, during the preparation phase of towing operations, the locking pin assembly 6 in the automatic uncoupling device rises and moves in the first direction, allowing for a greater range of motion in the towing arm. This enables the tractor unit to more flexibly adjust the position of the towing arm in different operating environments, such as narrow spaces and complex road conditions, facilitating docking with the trailer and greatly improving the efficiency and flexibility of towing operations.

[0036] The drawbar can be understood as a structure installed on the trailer. One end of the drawbar is connected to the trailer, and the other end is connected to the tractor through the automatic unhooking device.

[0037] Specifically, when the tractor unit approaches the trailer, the aforementioned control switch 12 detects whether the drawbar has accurately entered the automatic unhooking device. Once the drawbar is detected to be within the effective sensing range, it is determined that the drawbar is within the towing assembly 5, and the control switch 12 sends a signal to the control system in the tractor unit. Upon receiving this signal, the control system triggers the locking pin assembly 6 to begin its lowering action. Simultaneously with the lowering of the locking pin assembly 6, the towing assembly 5 rises, and the two together form a ball cage structure, as shown in Figure 2, completing the docking operation with the drawbar. At this time, the pin 63 is inserted into the drawbar and falls into the first hole 641. This process ensures the accuracy and safety of the docking operation, preventing the towing hook from blindly moving before accurately capturing the drawbar, thereby improving the reliability of the entire towing operation.

[0038] Specifically, when the locking pin assembly 6 rises or falls, the base plate 64 in the locking pin assembly 6 remains in a fixed position, and the base plate 64 can be fixedly connected to the back plate 2.

[0039] When the tractor unit is connected to the trailer, the elastic element 62 can effectively buffer the impact of the trailer on the tractor unit during vehicle operation. By absorbing impact energy through the deformation of the elastic element, the damage to the tractor unit structure caused by the impact force is reduced, thereby increasing the service life of the tractor unit and also improving the comfort, safety, and stability of the vehicle.

[0040] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0041] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic uncoupling device for a vehicle, characterized in that: The device includes a drive assembly and a motion assembly, both disposed on a back plate. The device also includes a traction assembly and a locking pin assembly that are respectively engaged with the motion assembly. The drive assembly is connected to the traction assembly. Under the drive of the drive assembly, the traction assembly and the locking pin assembly achieve relative movement in a first direction through the cooperation of the motion assembly.

2. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a motor and a second mounting plate for mounting the motor, the second mounting plate being connected to the back plate.

3. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The drive assembly further includes a first fixing member and a second fixing member arranged vertically along the first direction, and a lead screw. One end of the lead screw is disposed on the first fixing member and cooperates with the motor, and the other end of the lead screw is disposed on the second fixing member. The drive assembly further includes a movable block disposed between the first fixing member and the second fixing member and cooperating with the lead screw. A first connecting plate is disposed on the movable block, and the first connecting plate is disposed on the traction assembly.

4. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The traction assembly includes a second connecting plate and a guide plate connected to the second connecting plate, wherein the guide plate has an oblique opening at one end away from the back plate in a direction away from the back plate.

5. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The locking pin assembly includes a third mounting plate, an elastic element, and a pin. One end of the elastic element is connected to the third mounting plate, and the other end of the elastic element is connected to the pin.

6. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The locking pin assembly also includes a base plate, the surface of which has a first hole and a bevel at one end away from the back plate.

7. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The motion component includes a guide rail disposed along a first direction, the guide rail being respectively engaged with the traction component and the locking pin component.

8. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The motion component further includes a first rack, a second rack, and a gear disposed on the back plate. The first rack is disposed on the traction component, the second rack is disposed on the locking pin component, and the gear cooperates with the first rack and the second rack.

9. The automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The device includes a control component and a fourth mounting plate, the fourth mounting plate being connected to the back plate, and the control component being disposed on the fourth mounting plate; the control component includes a first mounting plate and a control switch connected to the first mounting plate, the control switch cooperating with the drive component.

10. A towing vehicle characterized by: Includes an automatic unhooking device for vehicles as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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