Positioning unit and steel rail fastener

Abstract

According to the positioning unit and the steel rail fastener, the through positioning hole is formed in the middle of the positioning unit, and the elastic unit can be arranged according to the height difference between the positioning unit and the steel rail and the depth of the positioning hole, so that the thickness of the elastic unit can be obviously increased in the limited height between a sleeper and the steel rail; and the rigidity is correspondingly reduced, so that the fastener has better vibration reduction performance. Moreover, when a train passes through a steel rail on the steel rail fastener, the elastic unit plays a role in vertical bearing, and the buckling and pressing unit and the positioning unit play roles in transverse and longitudinal bearing, so that effective separation of vertical bearing and longitudinal and transverse bearing of the steel rail fastener is innovatively realized through the arrangement of the through positioning holes, a force transmission path is optimized, and the reliability of the steel rail fastener is improved. The vertical force basically does not act on the positioning unit, so that the problem that the positioning unit is bent, deformed and even broken due to the fact that the positioning unit frequently bears large vertical force for a long time can be solved, the continuous service life of the fastener is longer, and the reliability is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of rail transit technology, specifically relating to a positioning unit and a rail fastener. Background Technology

[0002] In track structures, rail fasteners are one of the most critical components. They maintain the correct position of the rails on the sleepers and other rail foundations, ensure a reliable connection between the rails and sleepers, prevent longitudinal and lateral movement of the rails, provide a certain degree of elasticity to the track structure, reduce the transmission of wheel-rail vibration, and slow down the accumulation of residual track deformation.

[0003] Figure 14 This diagram illustrates a commonly used rail fastener, which mainly includes an insulating buffer pad 1, a steel pad 2, a rail underplate 3, an elastic clip 4, and a gauge block 5, all mounted on the sleeper. The rail rests on the rail underplate 3 and is held in place by the elastic clip 4 and the gauge block 5. The insulating buffer pad 1 and the rail underplate 3 are typically rubber elastic pads. Corresponding through holes are provided on the insulating buffer pad 1 and the steel pad 2, which are then fixed to the sleeper by a pair of rail spikes 6. In this structure, although two rubber pads are provided, the insulating buffer pad 1, due to being pressed down by the steel pad 2 and the rail spikes 6, cannot actually undergo dynamic elastic deformation when a train passes, meaning it cannot provide vibration damping. Only the rail underplate 3 can undergo elastic deformation in the vertical direction, thus providing a certain degree of vibration damping. Because a multi-layer plate structure needs to be installed within a limited height between the sleeper and the rail, the thickness of the rail pad 3 is relatively thin, resulting in high stiffness. After the pre-compression of the elastic clip 4 and the rail during assembly, the dynamic stiffness of the rail pad 3 is even higher, resulting in very limited vibration reduction effect and difficulty in meeting the requirements of high vibration reduction scenarios.

[0004] While other types of rail fasteners exist, they generally suffer from the aforementioned problem of poor vibration reduction. Furthermore, some existing rail fasteners have complex structures, numerous components, and require cumbersome and time-consuming assembly, making subsequent maintenance extremely inconvenient. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model is made to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a positioning unit with better vibration reduction effect, simpler structure, and easier assembly and maintenance, as well as a rail fastener containing the positioning unit. The utility model adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This utility model provides a positioning unit for use with an elastic unit and a clamping unit to form a rail fastener that is matched with a sleeper and a rail. The positioning unit has the following technical features: a central positioning part located between the sleeper and the rail for positioning the elastic unit; and two side positioning parts located on either side of the central positioning part for positioning the clamping unit. The central positioning part has a through positioning hole in its center, the through direction of which is perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper. The width of the central positioning hole is not less than the width of the rail.

[0007] The positioning unit provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features, wherein the central positioning hole is a rectangular through hole with a depth of 12mm to 30mm and a length and width of 150mm to 170mm.

[0008] The positioning unit provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features: the surface directions of the four inner sidewalls of the central positioning part are perpendicular to the length direction and width direction of the positioning unit, respectively; the central positioning part also has one or more longitudinally extending guide grooves, which are semi-cylindrical grooves, and are disposed on one or more sides of the central positioning hole for limiting and guiding the elastic unit with corresponding protrusions.

[0009] The positioning unit provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features: the difference between the length and width of the positioning hole is less than 10% of the width; the middle positioning portion on both sides of the positioning hole is square columnar with a thickness of 12mm to 30mm and a width of 15mm to 20mm.

[0010] The positioning unit provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features, wherein the clamping unit includes a gauge block and an e-type elastic bar, and each of the side positioning parts includes: an elastic bar fixing block, disposed next to the central positioning hole, having a fixing hole on one side that matches the end of the e-type elastic bar, and having one side facing the central positioning hole for supporting the gauge block; and an elastic bar support positioning block, disposed on one side of the elastic bar fixing block, having a support positioning surface at its upper end that matches the e-type elastic bar for supporting and positioning the e-type elastic bar.

[0011] The positioning unit provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features, wherein the clamping unit includes a gauge block, an ω-shaped elastic bar, and an elastic bar fixing member. Each side positioning part includes: two supporting positioning posts for supporting and positioning the two bends of the ω-shaped elastic bar, and the upper end of each supporting positioning post has an arc-shaped bottom groove that matches the bend; an elastic bar fixing hole, disposed between the two supporting posts and the central positioning hole, for installing the elastic bar fixing member; and a gauge block support plate, disposed between the two supporting posts and the central positioning hole, with one side facing the central positioning hole for supporting the gauge block.

[0012] The positioning unit provided by this utility model may also have the following technical feature: the central positioning part is integrally formed with the two side positioning parts.

[0013] This utility model provides a rail fastener, which is used in conjunction with a sleeper and a rail. The rail fastener comprises: a positioning unit disposed on the sleeper; an elastic unit disposed between the sleeper and the rail, with the rail supported on the elastic unit; and a pair of clamping units disposed on the positioning unit for clamping the rail. The positioning unit is the aforementioned positioning unit, the elastic unit is disposed in the central positioning hole of the positioning unit, and the pair of clamping units are respectively disposed on the two side positioning portions.

[0014] The rail fastener provided by this utility model may also have the following technical feature: the height of the elastic unit corresponds to the height difference between the sleeper and the rail.

[0015] The rail fastener provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features: it further includes an insulating plate disposed between the sleeper and the positioning unit, wherein the lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the insulating plate.

[0016] The rail fastener provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features: it further includes one or more first height adjustment pads, which are disposed between the upper end of the elastic unit and the bottom surface of the rail, for adjusting the height of the upper surface of the rail.

[0017] The rail fastener provided by this utility model may also have the following technical features: it further includes one or more second height adjustment pads, which are disposed between the positioning unit and the sleeper, for adjusting the height of the upper surface of the rail.

[0018] Functions and effects of utility models

[0019] The positioning unit and rail fastener provided by this utility model include a central positioning part disposed between the sleeper and the rail and side positioning parts located on both sides thereon. Since the central positioning part has a through positioning hole, the elastic unit can be disposed in the positioning hole. That is, the elastic unit can not only utilize the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail, but also the depth of the positioning hole. Therefore, within the limited height between the sleeper and the rail, the thickness of the elastic unit can be significantly increased, and its stiffness is significantly reduced when other conditions such as materials remain unchanged, thereby giving the fastener better vibration damping performance. Furthermore, when a train passes over the rail on this rail fastener, the elastic unit provides vertical load-bearing capacity, while the clamping unit and positioning unit provide lateral and longitudinal load-bearing capacity. Therefore, by setting positioning holes, the vertical load-bearing capacity of the rail fastener is effectively separated from the longitudinal and lateral load-bearing capacity, optimizing the force transmission path. The vertical force is basically not applied to the positioning unit, thus avoiding the problem of bending deformation or even breakage of the positioning unit due to long-term and frequent exposure to large vertical forces. Moreover, the vibration of the rail is not transmitted to the clamping unit, making the stress on the rail fastener system more reasonable and improving the service life of each component of the rail fastener system, resulting in a longer continuous service life and higher reliability of the rail fastener. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of one side of the track in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a top view of one side of the track in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a top view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of one side of the track in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 10This is a top view of one side of the track in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of one side of the track in Embodiment 3 of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a top view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 4 of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a side view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 4 of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 14 It is a cross-sectional view of one side of the track in the prior art.

[0034] Figure label:

[0035] Rail fastener 100; positioning unit 10; positioning unit 10; connecting part 112; connecting limiting groove 1121; groove 1121a; positioning hole 113; inner side wall 1131; side positioning part 12; support column 121; arc bottom groove 1211; elastic bar fixing hole 122; gauge block support plate 123; gauge block support surface 1231; elastic bar fixing block 124; elastic bar fixing hole 1241; gauge block support surface 1242; 125; 1251; 128; 1281; 1282; 1282; 20; 30; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 81; 82; 200; 300; 1; 2; 3; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easy to understand, the positioning unit and rail fastener of this utility model will be specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0037] <Example 1>

[0038] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the positioning unit in this embodiment. Figure 2 This is a top view of the positioning unit in this embodiment. Figure 3 This is a side view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the positioning unit 10 is plate-shaped with a raised structure on one side, and includes a central positioning part 11 and a pair of side positioning parts 12.

[0040] The central positioning part 11 is generally rectangular in shape, with a through positioning hole 113 in the middle, and two parallel connecting parts 112 formed on both sides of the positioning hole 113.

[0041] The two connecting parts 112 are prismatic and parallel to each other. The length, width, and height of each connecting part 112 are aligned with the length, width, and height of the positioning unit 10, respectively. Each connecting part 112 has multiple limiting grooves 1121 (limiting parts), which are semi-cylindrical grooves. The length direction of the limiting groove 1121 is aligned with the thickness direction of the central positioning part 11. Its upper end is located in the middle of the connecting part 112, and its lower end is located at the bottom surface of the connecting part 112, forming a semi-circular groove 1121a on the bottom surface of the connecting part 112. That is, the upper end of the limiting groove 1121 is closed, and the lower end is open. One side of the limiting groove 1121 communicates with the positioning hole 113, forming a rectangular opening on the inner wall of the positioning hole 113.

[0042] The positioning hole 113 extends through the thickness direction of the positioning unit 10, and its cross-section in the through direction is a rounded rectangle with consistent dimensions. The openings at both ends are also rounded rectangles. Furthermore, the four inner sidewalls 1131 of the positioning hole 113 are rectangular strips, perpendicular to both the length and width directions of the central positioning part 11. After assembly, the positioning hole 113 of the positioning unit 10 is located directly below the rail. For ease of description below, in this embodiment, the width direction of the positioning hole 113 is the width direction of the rail, and the length direction of the positioning hole 113 is the extension direction of the rail.

[0043] In this embodiment, each connecting portion 112 is provided with two connecting limiting grooves 1121, respectively located near both ends of the connecting portion 112. The length and width of the aforementioned cross-section of the positioning hole 113 are both 150mm to 170mm. Preferably, the difference between the length and width of the cross-section of the positioning hole 113 is less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, that is, the vertical cross-section of the positioning hole 113 is very close to a square. The depth of the positioning hole 113 (that is, the thickness of the connecting portion 112) is 12mm to 30mm, preferably 20mm to 30mm. The width of the connecting portion 112 is 15mm to 25mm, and the thickness of the connecting portion 112 is correspondingly 12mm to 30mm.

[0044] The side positioning part 12 is used to set and position the snap fastener unit. The two side positioning parts 12 are located on both sides of the central positioning part 11 and are centrally symmetrically distributed along the center of the positioning unit 10.

[0045] In this embodiment, the side positioning part 12 is used to install and support the ω-shaped elastic bar. The side positioning part 12 includes a plate-shaped portion 128 and two support columns 121, an elastic bar fixing hole 122, and a gauge block support plate 123 disposed on the plate-shaped portion 128.

[0046] The plate-shaped portion 128 is generally rectangular with rounded corners. A square shallow groove 1281 and a rail spike mounting hole 1282 are formed on one side of the upper surface of each plate-shaped portion 128. The corners of the square shallow groove 1281 are rounded. The rail spike mounting hole 1282 is a circular through hole, and a pair of rail spike mounting holes 1282 are located on one diagonal of the positioning unit 10.

[0047] The spring clip fixing block 124 is disposed on the upper surface of the plate-shaped portion 128 and located next to the positioning hole 113. The spring clip fixing block 124 is generally incompletely cylindrical, with its axial direction aligned with the width direction of the positioning unit 10. A spring clip fixing hole 1241 is formed along its axial direction for fixing one end of the e-type spring clip. The side of the spring clip fixing block 124 facing the positioning hole 113 has a gauge block support surface 1242, which is planar and perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning unit 10. The gauge block support surfaces 1242 of a pair of spring clip fixing blocks 124 face each other.

[0048] The elastic bar support block 125 is an elongated block shape, located on one side of the elastic bar fixing block 124 and relatively further away from the positioning hole 113, with a height lower than that of the elastic bar fixing block 124. The upper end of the elastic bar support block 125 has an elastic bar support surface 1251, which is approximately an elongated plane. The elastic bar support surface 1251 is inclined relative to the surface direction of the positioning unit 10 and is inclined downward toward the rail spike mounting hole 1282 on one side.

[0049] In this embodiment, the positioning unit 10 is an integrally formed part made of ductile iron.

[0050] In an alternative, the positioning unit 10 can also be assembled from multiple components made of ductile iron. For example, the central positioning part 11 and the two plate-shaped parts 1281 can be made into a rectangular plate-shaped component, and the two support columns 121, the spring clip fixing hole 122, the gauge block support plate 123, etc., can be made into an irregularly shaped component, which can then be fixed to the rectangular plate-shaped component with fasteners. Alternatively, the positioning unit 10 can also be made of other metallic materials, such as cast iron or steel.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use in this embodiment. Figure 5 This is a top view of the rail fasteners in use. Figure 5 The elastic element below the rail is shown in dashed lines.

[0052] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the rail fastener 100 includes the aforementioned positioning unit 10, elastic unit 20, insulating base plate 30, fastening unit, and a pair of rail spikes 70. In this embodiment, the fastening unit includes a pair of elastic clips 40, two sets of elastic clip fixing members 50, and a pair of gauge blocks 60.

[0053] An insulating base plate 30 is mounted on the sleeper 200, and its length and width are substantially the same as those of the positioning unit 10. In this embodiment, the sleeper 200 is a concrete sleeper, and its upper surface is basically flat. The insulating base plate 30 is relatively thin, less than 5 mm thick. A pair of rail spike mounting holes are also provided at corresponding positions on the insulating base plate 30. In this embodiment, the insulating base plate 30 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0054] The positioning unit 10 is set on the insulating base plate 30, and the stacked insulating base plate 30 and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper 200 by a pair of track spikes 70.

[0055] The elastic unit 20 is block-shaped, with a cuboid lower part and a cuboid upper part, the length and width of which are smaller than those of the lower part, making the upper edge of the elastic unit 20 stepped. Figure 2 As you can see, the elastic unit 20 is inverted T-shaped. The shape of the lower part of the elastic unit 20 matches the positioning hole 113. In addition, the lower two sides of the elastic unit 20 have multiple columnar protrusions (not shown in the figure), which match the multiple connecting limiting grooves 1121 on both sides of the positioning hole 113. Therefore, the elastic unit 20 can be inserted into the lower opening of the positioning hole 113, so that the lower part of the elastic unit 20 is embedded in the positioning hole 113, and the multiple columnar protrusions on both sides are embedded into the connecting limiting grooves 1121 from the respective grooves 1121a, thereby providing lateral and vertical limiting functions for the elastic unit 20.

[0056] The elastic unit 20 may be, for example, a single rubber spring of the shape described above or a rubber spring with reinforcing plates embedded at both ends. Alternatively, the elastic unit 20 may include a telescopic housing of the shape described above and a spring disposed within the housing, such as a housing composed of an upper housing and a lower housing that can be slidably fitted together, with a square column-shaped rubber spring disposed within the housing. In this embodiment, the elastic unit 20 is a rubber spring with reinforcing plates embedded at both ends.

[0057] In this embodiment, under the initial state without external force, the length and width of the lower part of the elastic unit 20 are equal to or slightly smaller than the length and width of the positioning hole 113, respectively; the width of the upper end of the elastic unit 20 is slightly smaller than the width of the bottom surface of the small rail 300; since the positioning unit 10 is provided with the positioning hole 113, the overall thickness of the elastic unit 20 is greatly increased compared with the thickness of the elastic unit in the conventional structure (e.g., the rail pad), and the thickness of the elastic unit 20 is 35mm to 44mm. Furthermore, through the height and stiffness design of the elastic unit 20, within a predetermined load range (e.g., 20kN to 55kN), the thickness of the elastic unit 20 is always greater than the thickness of the connecting part 112 of the positioning unit 10, and the minimum height difference between the upper end of the elastic unit 20 and the upper end of the connecting part 112 is 3mm to 5mm, that is, within the predetermined load range, even if the elastic unit 20 is compressed to its limit, the rail, gauge block, etc. will not contact the positioning unit 10. Furthermore, the width of the upper surface of the elastic unit 20 is smaller than the width of the bottom of the rail. After assembly, a gap of 5mm to 8mm is left between the two sides of the upper surface of the elastic unit 20 and the corresponding sides of the bottom of the rail. The width of the bottom of the rail is 150mm. Preferably, the width of the upper surface of the elastic unit 20 is 140mm, and the length (length along the extension direction of the rail) is 134mm.

[0058] The spring clip 40 is an E-type spring clip, with one end embedded in the spring clip fixing hole 1241, and a straight section in the middle of the spring clip 40 supported on the spring clip support surface 1251. In this embodiment, the spring clip 40 is made of silicon manganese spring steel.

[0059] The gauge block 60 is elongated, with an obtuse L-shaped cross-section along its length. The inner side of the gauge block 60 rests against one side of the bottom of the rail 300, the outer side abuts against the gauge block support surface 1242 on one side of the elastic clip fixing block 124, and the upper side abuts against one end of the elastic clip 40. Under the force of the elastic clip 40, the bottom sides of the rail 300 are pressed together by the two gauge blocks 60, experiencing downward and lateral opposing compressive forces. Depending on the gauge and rail geometry requirements, the two gauge blocks 60 can be of different models. In this embodiment, the gauge block is made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0060] like Figure 4As shown, after assembly, the insulating base plate 30 and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper 200 by a pair of rail spikes 70. The elastic unit 20 is accommodated in the positioning hole 113 in the middle of the positioning unit 10. The elastic unit 20 can elastically deform in the vertical direction, and its position and elastic deformation in the lateral direction are positioned and restricted by the positioning hole 113. Furthermore, since the upper end of the connecting limiting groove 1121 is closed, the vertical position of the elastic unit 20 is also positioned and restricted. The rail 300 is placed above the elastic unit 20, that is, the lower end of the elastic unit 20 abuts against the insulating base plate 30, and the upper end abuts against the bottom surface of the rail 300. The elastic strips 40 and gauge blocks 60 installed at both ends of the positioning unit 10 apply downward and lateral pressure to both sides of the bottom of the rail 300.

[0061] Therefore, when a train passes over the rail 300, the insulating base plate 30 and the elastic unit 20 provide vertical load bearing, and the elastic unit 20 can buffer and dampen vibration through elastic deformation, reducing the downward transmission of vertical load. Only a small portion of the lateral force on the rail 300 is transmitted to the elastic unit 20 in the form of friction. The gauge block 60, elastic strip 40, positioning unit 10, and track spike 70 provide longitudinal and lateral (rail width and rail extension) load bearing, maintaining the rail gauge and geometry. The vertical force on the rail 300 mainly acts on the elastic unit 20, and the positioning unit 10 is basically not subjected to vertical force from the rail 300. That is, by opening a positioning hole 113 in the middle of the positioning unit 10 and placing the elastic unit 20 in the positioning hole 113, not only can the thickness of the elastic unit 20 be increased, but the decoupling of the vertical load bearing and the longitudinal and lateral load bearing of the rail fastener is also achieved.

[0062] Regarding decoupling, it's worth noting that vibration isolation primarily works by reducing the transmission of vibration from its source to other structures or equipment, or vice versa. Vibration isolation technologies include damping and decoupling. Damping dissipates vibration energy, while decoupling refers to cutting off the vibration energy transmission path through physical isolation or dynamic means. Its core objective is to reduce or eliminate the mechanical coupling between the vibration source and the protected system, thereby effectively isolating vibration transmission. In this embodiment, the principle of decoupling is to block the rigid connection between the rail and the positioning unit and optimize the vibration transmission path. This is achieved by creating a through-hole in the center of the positioning unit and installing an elastic element within it, ensuring that the rail only contacts the elastic element within a predetermined load range, thus preventing vibration from being directly transmitted through the structure.

[0063] Functions and effects of Example 1

[0064] The positioning unit and rail fastener provided in this embodiment include a central positioning part disposed between the sleeper and the rail, and side positioning parts located on both sides thereof. Since the central positioning part has a through positioning hole, the elastic unit can be disposed in the positioning hole. That is, the elastic unit can utilize not only the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail, but also the depth of the positioning hole. Therefore, within the limited height between the sleeper and the rail, the thickness of the elastic unit can be significantly increased, and its stiffness is significantly reduced when other conditions such as materials remain unchanged, thereby giving the fastener better vibration damping performance. Furthermore, when a train passes over the rail on this rail fastener, the elastic unit provides vertical load-bearing capacity, while the clamping unit and positioning unit provide lateral and longitudinal load-bearing capacity. Therefore, by setting positioning holes, the vertical load-bearing capacity of the rail fastener is effectively separated from the longitudinal and lateral load-bearing capacity, optimizing the force transmission path. The vertical force is basically not applied to the positioning unit, thus avoiding the problem of bending deformation or even breakage of the positioning unit due to long-term and frequent exposure to large vertical forces. Moreover, the vibration of the rail is not transmitted to the clamping unit, making the stress on the rail fastener system more reasonable and improving the service life of each component of the rail fastener system, resulting in a longer continuous service life and higher reliability of the rail fastener.

[0065] In this embodiment, the positioning unit is a one-piece molded part. Therefore, the main components of the rail fastener are only the positioning unit, the elastic unit, the elastic strip and its fixing parts, and the gauge block. The number of parts is small and the overall structure is simplified. Therefore, the assembly process is efficient and subsequent maintenance is very convenient. It is suitable for new line construction or existing line renovation scenarios. Compared with the use of existing rail fasteners, it can significantly reduce the installation complexity and improve the construction and maintenance efficiency in these scenarios.

[0066] In the embodiment, the cross-section of the positioning hole is a rounded rectangle and is very close to a square, with a side length of 150mm to 180mm. Therefore, it can be used to set an elastic unit with a rounded rectangle in the vertical cross-section. The bearing surface at the upper end of the elastic unit is close to a square and has a large area. Such an elastic unit can better support the rail, reduce the torsion of the rail when it is under stress, and make the rail have higher stability.

[0067] Furthermore, the connecting parts of the positioning units on both sides of the positioning hole are square columnar, with a width and thickness of more than 15mm. Therefore, even if a large rectangular positioning hole is opened in the middle of the positioning unit, the connecting parts on both sides of the positioning hole still have sufficient strength and will not affect the stability and reliability of the positioning unit and its elastic strip and gauge block.

[0068] Furthermore, the height and stiffness settings of the elastic unit ensure that even if the elastic unit is compressed to its limit within the predetermined load range, there is still a certain height difference between the upper end of the elastic unit and the upper end of the connection part of the positioning unit. This prevents the rail and gauge block from contacting the positioning unit under stress, ensuring that the elastic unit can perform its elastic vibration reduction effect without obstruction, and further preventing bending of the middle part of the positioning unit under stress, thus improving the reliability of the rail fastener.

[0069] Furthermore, the positioning hole has multiple connecting limiting grooves with one end closed on both sides, and the lower part of the elastic unit has multiple limiting protrusions that match it. Therefore, through the cooperation of the connecting limiting grooves and the limiting protrusions, the vertical position and the horizontal and longitudinal position of the elastic unit can be positioned and constrained, thereby avoiding or mitigating defects such as rail corrugation and gauge changes caused by weak lateral constraints.

[0070] Furthermore, since the component mounting section includes a spring clip fixing block with lateral mounting holes and a spring clip support block with an inclined elongated support surface, it can be used to stably install E-type spring clips. Moreover, the overall shape of the positioning unit is very similar to the existing iron pads used for E-type spring clips, thus allowing for easy and direct replacement of existing iron pads in the track.

[0071] In this embodiment, the positioning unit is made of ductile iron, which has mechanical properties close to those of steel, good wear resistance, and certain elasticity, resistance to rapid temperature changes, and corrosion resistance. The insulating base plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which has very good insulation and wear resistance, and can reduce the risk of electrochemical corrosion. Therefore, the rail fastener has a longer service life while maintaining a lower cost, making it suitable for large-scale application in rails.

[0072] Furthermore, the embodiment adopts a standardized design, and the overall shape and size of the rail fastener are exactly the same as those in the prior art. Therefore, it can easily replace existing fasteners, and no height or slope adjustment is required during use. The method of adjusting the track gauge level is also exactly the same as that of existing fasteners. In addition, the positioning unit, fasteners, elastic clips, gauge blocks, etc. in the rail fastener are all standard parts, making operation, maintenance and replacement very convenient.

[0073] <Example 2>

[0074] This embodiment provides a positioning unit and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0075] Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that the positioning unit in this embodiment is used to install and support the ω-shaped elastic bar, and correspondingly, the rail fastener in this embodiment is a fastener using the ω-shaped elastic bar.

[0076] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the positioning unit in this embodiment. Figure 7 This is a top view of the positioning unit in this embodiment. Figure 8 This is a side view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0077] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the structure of the side positioning part 12 in the positioning unit 10 of this embodiment is different. A pair of side positioning parts 12 are also located on a diagonal line of the positioning unit 10, and each side positioning part 12 includes two support columns 121, a spring clip fixing hole 122 and a gauge block support plate 123.

[0078] The support column 121 is generally square column-shaped, with an arc-bottom groove 1211 at its upper end that matches the bend of the ω-shaped elastic bar. The bottom surface of the arc-bottom groove 1211 is generally cylindrical. The two support columns 121 are arranged at a certain distance along the width direction of the positioning unit 10, and the two arc-bottom grooves 1211 are roughly aligned in the width direction of the positioning unit 10.

[0079] The spring bar fixing hole 122 is located between the two support columns 121 and the positioning hole 113, and is also located between the two supports 121 in the width direction of the positioning unit 10. The spring bar fixing hole 122 is a columnar hole used to install the spring bar fixing component for fixing the ω-type spring bar.

[0080] The gauge block support plate 123 is disposed between the two support columns 121 and the positioning hole 113, and is close to the edge of the positioning hole 113. Each gauge block support plate 123 has a gauge block support surface 1231 on the side facing the positioning hole 113, which is basically planar and perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning unit 10. The gauge block support surfaces 1231 of a pair of gauge block support plates 123 face each other and are used to support a pair of gauge blocks in the lateral direction.

[0081] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of one side of the track in this embodiment. Figure 10 This is a top view of one side of the track in this embodiment, where the elastic element below the rail is shown in dashed lines.

[0082] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in the rail fastener 100 of this embodiment, the fastening unit includes a pair of elastic strips 40, two sets of elastic strip fixing parts 50, and a pair of gauge blocks 60.

[0083] The spring bar 40 is an ω-shaped spring bar. A pair of spring bars 40 are respectively fixed to a pair of side positioning parts 12 by a set of spring bar fixing parts 50. The two curved parts of the ω-shaped spring bar are respectively placed in the arc bottom groove 1211 on a pair of support columns 121. The spring bar fixing parts 50 pass through the middle of the ω-shaped spring bar and press it tightly. The spring bar fixing parts 50 include, for example, bolts, nuts and washers.

[0084] The gauge block 60 is long and narrow, with an obtuse L-shaped cross section along its length. The inner side of the gauge block 60 is attached to one side of the bottom of the rail 300, the outer side abuts against the gauge block support surface 1231 of the gauge block support plate 123, and the upper side abuts against both ends of the elastic bar 40. Under the force of the elastic bar 40, the bottom sides of the rail 300 are pressed by the two gauge blocks 60 respectively, and are subjected to downward and lateral relative pressing forces.

[0085] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0086] Example 2: Function and Effect

[0087] Based on the positioning unit and rail fastener provided in this embodiment, and the effects of the first embodiment, each component mounting part has two support columns and spring clip fixing holes. The top of the support column has an arc-bottom groove, so it can stably install and support the ω-type spring clip, forming another type of rail fastener. Furthermore, since the overall shape of the positioning unit is very similar to the existing iron pad for the ω-type spring clip, it can easily replace the existing iron pad in the track.

[0088] <Example 3>

[0089] This embodiment provides a positioning unit and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 2, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0090] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener and the rail in this embodiment.

[0091] like Figure 11 As shown, compared with Embodiment 2, the difference is that the rail fastener 100 in this embodiment also includes one or more height adjustment pads, including a first height adjustment pad 81 and a second height adjustment pad 82.

[0092] The first height adjustment pad 81 is a rail-mounted height adjustment pad, which is a rectangular flat plate with a thickness of 1mm to 5mm, and is set between the bottom surface of the rail 300 and the upper surface of the elastic unit 20.

[0093] The second height adjustment pad 82 is the lower height adjustment pad of the positioning unit. It is a rounded rectangular flat plate, the length and width of which are basically the same as the length and width of the insulating base plate 30, and its thickness is 5mm to 15mm. A pair of rail spike mounting holes are also opened at corresponding positions on the second height adjustment pad 82. The second height adjustment pad 82 is set between the positioning unit 10 and the insulating base plate 30. The insulating base plate 30, one or more stacked second height adjustment pads 82, and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper by rail spikes.

[0094] In this embodiment, both the first height adjustment pad 81 and the second height adjustment pad 82 are made of high-density polyethylene or rubber.

[0095] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0096] In addition, in the rail fastener using the e-type elastic bar in Embodiment 1, one or more height adjustment pads can also be added below the rail 300 and / or below the positioning unit 10 as needed.

[0097] Functions and effects of Example 3

[0098] Based on the positioning unit and rail fastener provided in this embodiment, and building upon the function and effect of Embodiment 2, since it also includes a height adjustment shim, one or more height adjustment shims can be added below the positioning unit as needed. For example, when the base settles, the height adjustment shims can be added accordingly based on the detection results, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the rail surface. The structure of other components of the rail fastener does not need to be changed, making it easy to implement.

[0099] <Example 4>

[0100] This embodiment provides a positioning unit and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 2, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0101] Figure 12 This is a top view of the positioning unit in this embodiment. Figure 13 This is a side view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0102] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the positioning unit 10 in this embodiment is also used for ω-type elastic bars. Compared with the second embodiment, the difference is that in the positioning unit 10 of this embodiment, a pair of rail spike mounting holes 1282 are located at both ends of the positioning unit 10 and in the middle of the width direction of the positioning unit 10. The support column 121, the elastic bar fixing hole 122 and the gauge block support plate 123 on the same side are located between the rail spike mounting hole 1282 and the positioning hole 113.

[0103] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0104] In addition, the positioning unit 10 for the e-type elastic bar in Embodiment 1 can also adopt such a design, that is, a pair of rail spike mounting holes 1282 are located at both ends of the positioning unit 10, and the elastic bar fixing block 124 and the elastic bar support block 125 on the same side are located between the rail spike mounting hole 1282 and the positioning hole 113.

[0105] <Comparative Example>

[0106] This comparative example provides a prior art rail fastener for comparison with the rail fastener of Embodiment 1, showing the structure of the current rail fastener as follows. Figure 14 As shown, after assembly, the distance between the bottom surface of the rail and the upper surface of the sleeper is 38mm. The thickness of the insulating buffer pad 1 is about 10mm, and the thickness of the rail pad 3 (that is, the thickness after preloading) is about 10mm to 15mm. As mentioned above, since the insulating buffer pad 1 is fixed by the iron pad and the rail spike, only the rail pad 3 plays an elastic vibration reduction role. Under the condition of a load of 20kN to 55kN and a load application frequency of 5Hz, the dynamic stiffness of the preloaded rail pad 3 is usually 50kN / mm to 60kN / mm or even higher, so the vibration reduction effect is very limited.

[0107] In comparison, in the rail fastener 100 of Embodiment 1, the height of the elastic unit 20 can reach 38mm to 44mm due to the depth of the positioning hole 113. When it is a single rubber spring, under the condition that the same rubber material is used as the rail pad 3, the elastic unit 20 has a significantly increased thickness. Under the same load of 20kN to 55kN and frequency of 5Hz, the dynamic stiffness is only 8kN / mm to 20kN / mm, which is significantly reduced compared to the rail pad 3. Therefore, the vibration reduction effect will be significantly improved.

[0108] In addition, such as Figure 12 As shown, the rail pad 3 is placed on the upper surface of the iron pad 2, and there is basically no structure to limit its lateral and longitudinal movement. Therefore, when a train passes, the lateral force acting on the rail can easily cause the rail to twist laterally. Some rail pads 3 are made into L-shapes at both ends, which are fastened to the two sides of the iron pad 2. However, because the rail pad 3 is relatively thin, such L-shaped ends are relatively soft and can only provide weak lateral and longitudinal limiting, which still causes the above-mentioned torsion problem.

[0109] In contrast, in the rail fastener 100 of the embodiment, the lower part of the elastic unit 20 is fitted into the positioning hole 113 with sufficient depth. The inner wall 1131 of the positioning hole 113 can play a good role in lateral and longitudinal limiting. Furthermore, the lateral and longitudinal limiting is further strengthened by the cooperation between the limiting protrusion and the connecting limiting groove 1121. Therefore, the above-mentioned torsion problem of the rail can be significantly reduced, making the rail more stable.

[0110] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of specific implementations of this utility model, and the utility model is not limited to the scope of the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only for illustrating the principles of the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to the utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the utility model as claimed. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0111] For example, in the above embodiments, the mainline track is used as an example for specific description. The upper surface of the sleeper is a horizontal surface. In fact, the positioning unit and rail fastener of the present invention can also be used in the same way for curved track sections. The positioning unit is installed on the inclined upper surface of the sleeper, and the through direction of the positioning hole is also perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper.

Claims

1. A positioning unit, used together with an elastic unit and a clamping unit to form a rail fastener that is matched with a sleeper and a rail, characterized in that, include: The central positioning part, located between the sleeper and the rail, is used to position the elastic unit; as well as Two side positioning parts, located on either side of the central positioning part, are used to position the clamping unit. The central positioning part has a through positioning hole in its center, and the through direction of the positioning hole is perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper. The elastic unit is connected to the... The width of the positioning hole is not less than the width of the rail.

2. The positioning unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The positioning hole is a rectangular through hole with a depth of 12mm to 30mm and a length and width of 150mm to 170mm.

3. The positioning unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The four inner sidewalls of the central positioning part are perpendicular to the length and width directions of the positioning unit, respectively. The central positioning part also has one or more longitudinally extending guide grooves, which are semi-cylindrical grooves, disposed on one or more sides of the positioning hole, for limiting and guiding the elastic unit with corresponding protrusions.

4. The positioning unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The difference between the length and width of the positioning hole is less than 10% of the width. The middle positioning portion on both sides of the positioning hole is in the shape of a square column, with a thickness of 12mm to 30mm and a width of 15mm to 20mm.

5. The positioning unit according to claim 1, Its features are: The clamping unit includes a gauge block and an E-type spring bar. Each of the said side positioning portions includes: A spring clip fixing block, disposed beside the positioning hole, has a fixing hole on one side that matches the end of the e-type spring clip, and its side facing the positioning hole is used to support the gauge block; and A spring bar support and positioning block is disposed on one side of the spring bar fixing block, and its upper end has a support and positioning surface that matches the e-type spring bar, for supporting and positioning the e-type spring bar.

6. The positioning unit according to claim 1, Its features are: The clamping unit includes a gauge block, an ω-shaped elastic bar, and an elastic bar fixing component. Each of the said side positioning portions includes: Two support positioning posts are used to support and position the two bends of the ω-shaped elastic bar, and the upper end of each support positioning post has an arc-shaped bottom groove that matches the bend. A spring clip fixing hole is provided between the two support columns and the positioning hole for installing the spring clip fixing member; and A gauge block support plate is disposed between the two support columns and the positioning hole, and one side of the plate facing the positioning hole is used to support the gauge block.

7. The positioning unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The central positioning part is integrally formed with the two side positioning parts.

8. A rail fastener, used in conjunction with sleepers and rails, characterized in that, include: A positioning unit is installed on the sleeper; An elastic unit is disposed between the sleeper and the rail, and the rail is supported on the elastic unit; as well as A pair of clamping units, disposed on the positioning unit, are used to clamp the rail. The positioning unit is the positioning unit according to any one of claims 1-7. The elastic element is disposed in the positioning hole of the positioning unit. A pair of the clamping units are respectively disposed on the two side positioning portions.

9. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that: in, The height of the elastic unit corresponds to the height difference between the sleeper and the rail.

10. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: An insulating plate is disposed between the sleeper and the positioning unit. The lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the insulating plate.

11. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: One or more first height adjustment pads are disposed between the upper end of the elastic unit and the bottom surface of the rail, for adjusting the height of the upper surface of the rail.

12. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: One or more second height adjustment pads are disposed between the positioning unit and the sleeper to adjust the height of the upper surface of the rail.

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