Cutter head flushing device and heading machine comprising same

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling machines, and particularly provides a cutterhead flushing device and a tunneling machine comprising the cutterhead flushing device, the cutterhead flushing device comprises a bulkhead gate, a flushing unit and a water supply unit; the bulkhead gate is detachably mounted on a mounting seat of the flushing unit; the flushing unit is detachably mounted on the bulkhead gate; one end of the water supply unit is connected with the flushing unit, and the other end of the water supply unit is connected with an external water source and used for supplying water to the flushing unit. By arranging the bulkhead gate, the problem that in the prior art, a fixed flushing device cannot be overhauled at normal pressure is solved, the construction risk is effectively reduced, and the application range of equipment is widened; by arranging the flushing unit and the water supply unit, the problems that in the prior art, a fixed flushing pipe is limited in flushing area, complex in pipeline, rapid in water pressure attenuation and the like are solved, and the cutterhead flushing effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, and relates to a cutterhead flushing device and a tunneling machine containing the same. Background Technology

[0002] When a tunnel boring machine (TBM) is excavating in cohesive strata, the soil particles and debris cut off by the cutterhead will re-aggregate on the cutterhead surface or around the cutters under the combined effects of factors such as adhesion, pressure, and temperature. As the TBM continues to advance, the aggregated particles increase and form mud cakes, causing a series of problems such as reduced cutterhead cutting capacity, accelerated cutter wear, and abnormal TBM excavation, which seriously affect the construction progress of the project.

[0003] The current conventional approach to dealing with cutterhead mud cake is to increase the cutterhead flushing flow rate or to treat it under pressure. However, the flushing water pressure drops sharply after passing through the excavation chamber mud, making it unable to effectively flush the cutterhead mud cake. At the same time, the pressurized filling method is not only expensive but also risky, causing unnecessary economic losses to the construction.

[0004] Existing technologies for preventing cutterhead cake mostly involve designing fixed flushing systems, or providing telescopic protection for the flushing ports, or increasing the number of flushing holes to expand the flushing area. These technologies suffer from problems such as limited flushing area, complex pipeline layout, and pipeline damage.

[0005] Therefore, how to develop a shield tunnel cutterhead flushing device that is retractable and protective, can be maintained under normal pressure, has multiple degrees of freedom, and can be used for variable area flushing is a key research topic for those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, this utility model proposes a cutter head flushing device, which aims to solve the problems of weak equipment adaptability, complicated pipeline layout and difficulty in normal pressure maintenance in the prior art.

[0007] This utility model provides a cutterhead flushing device, which is detachably installed on the shield of a tunneling machine; the cutterhead flushing device includes a maintenance gate, a flushing unit and a water supply unit;

[0008] The maintenance gate is detachably mounted on the mounting base of the flushing unit;

[0009] The flushing unit is detachably mounted on the maintenance gate;

[0010] One end of the water supply unit is connected to the rinsing unit, and the other end of the water supply unit is connected to an external water source to supply water to the rinsing unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the maintenance gate is configured as a normally open gate;

[0012] A first mounting hole for installing the flushing unit is provided at the same position in the maintenance gate and the shield diaphragm in the shield body.

[0013] Furthermore, the flushing unit includes a first valve body, a second valve body, a valve core, a telescopic tube, a quick-connect valve, and a valve body seal;

[0014] The first valve body and the second valve body are connected to each other to form a valve body structure; the valve body structure is fixedly installed in the first mounting hole set at the same position as the maintenance gate and the shield diaphragm.

[0015] The valve core is detachably installed inside the valve body structure, and the valve core and the valve body structure are rotatably connected.

[0016] One end of the telescopic tube is installed through the valve core and is coaxial with the valve core. The other end of the telescopic tube is connected to the water supply unit through a quick-connect valve.

[0017] The valve body seal is used to seal the space between the first valve body and the valve core, as well as between the second valve body and the valve core.

[0018] Furthermore, the valve body seal includes a first seal, a second seal, and a third seal;

[0019] The first valve body includes a first main body, a third mounting hole disposed on the first main body, and a sealing structure for installing a valve body seal;

[0020] The third mounting hole is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the first body, and the inner wall of the third mounting hole is set as an inner arc surface structure.

[0021] The sealing structure includes a first sealing groove and a second sealing groove that are spaced apart from each other on the inner wall of the third mounting hole. A first seal is installed in the first sealing groove and a second seal is installed in the second sealing groove.

[0022] A third sealing groove is provided on the end face of the first body near the second sealing groove. The third sealing groove is arranged in a ring shape, and a third seal is installed in the third sealing groove.

[0023] Furthermore, the valve body seal includes a fourth seal;

[0024] The second valve body includes a second main body and a first limiting boss, a flange, and a support groove disposed on the second main body;

[0025] The second body includes a flange structure for matching with the first body and a sealing cylinder structure for matching with the maintenance gate. The flange structure is provided with mounting holes for bolting to the first valve body.

[0026] The first limiting boss is provided on the flange structure and is used to match and connect with the third sealing groove of the first valve body to press the third seal.

[0027] A second mounting hole is also provided at the central axis of the flange structure. The inner wall of the second mounting hole is set as an inner arc structure, and the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole are set as equal diameter spherical surface structures.

[0028] A fourth sealing groove and a fifth sealing groove are also provided on the inner wall of the second mounting hole. A fourth seal is installed in the fourth sealing groove, and the fifth sealing groove is arranged opposite to the second sealing groove for installing the extension end of the second seal.

[0029] Furthermore, a flange is provided on the sealing cylinder structure of the second valve body, and the flange access gate is detachably connected.

[0030] Furthermore, the valve core includes a connecting part, a sleeve, a limiting groove, and a telescopic seal;

[0031] The connecting part is configured as a hollow spherical structure that matches the third mounting hole provided on the first valve body and the second mounting hole provided on the second valve body;

[0032] One end of the sleeve is fixedly installed inside the hollow part of the connecting part and extends to the outside of the connecting part by a distance W, which is used to limit the telescopic tube; and multiple sets of telescopic seals are provided on the inner wall of the sleeve at intervals.

[0033] Furthermore, two support grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder structure of the second valve body;

[0034] A limiting groove is provided on the other end of the sleeve for connecting with the two support grooves.

[0035] Furthermore, the telescopic pipe includes a pipe body and a mudguard plate disposed at one end of the pipe body;

[0036] The pipe body is configured as a variable diameter pipe structure, with a mud-proof plate fixed on the end face of its smaller diameter and a threaded interface on the end face of its larger diameter.

[0037] The mudguard is used to prevent large-diameter slag generated by the tunnel boring machine during the tunneling process from entering the shield body when the cutterhead flushing device is in its initial state, and to prevent the telescopic pipe from sliding out of the casing under the action of water and soil pressure in the excavation chamber.

[0038] This utility model relates to a tunneling machine, which includes a shield body, a cutterhead, and a cutterhead flushing device as described above.

[0039] The fixed end of the cutterhead is fixedly connected to the shield body, and the driving end of the cutterhead is used to excavate the tunnel.

[0040] The cutterhead flushing device is detachably mounted on the shield body and is used to flush the cutterhead.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The cutterhead flushing device provided by this utility model solves the problem that fixed flushing devices in the prior art cannot be maintained at normal pressure by setting a maintenance gate, thereby effectively reducing construction risks and improving the applicability of the equipment. By setting a flushing unit and a water supply unit, it solves the problems of limited flushing area, complicated pipelines and rapid water pressure attenuation in the prior art, thereby improving the flushing efficiency of the cutterhead.

[0043] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, this utility model has other objectives, features, and advantages. The present utility model will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cutterhead flushing device and the tunnel boring machine after they are connected in Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0046] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point I in the middle;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a blade flushing device in its initial state according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model;

[0048] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Exploded view of the structure of the intermediate flushing unit;

[0049] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the first valve body and the valve body seal after they are connected.

[0050] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view showing the connection between the second valve body and the fourth seal.

[0051] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the valve core;

[0052] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional schematic diagram of the telescopic pipe;

[0053] Figure 9 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle limit handle;

[0054] Figure 10 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the AA section;

[0055] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the position when a blade flushing device is used to flush the upper area of ​​the blade disc in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0056] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the position when a cutter disc rinsing device is used to rinse the lower area of ​​the cutter disc in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0057] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly and inspection of a cutter head flushing device in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0058] in:

[0059] 01. Flushing device; 02. Shield body; 201. Shield body partition; 202. Mounting base; 203. Cleaning interface; 03. Cutterhead;

[0060] 1. Inspection gate; 2. Flushing unit; 3. Water supply unit;

[0061] 2.1 First valve body; 2.2 Second valve body; 2.2.1 First limiting boss; 2.2.2 Flange; 2.2.3 Support groove; 2.3 Valve core; 2.3.1 Sleeve; 2.3.2 Limiting groove; 2.3.3 Telescopic seal; 2.4 Telescopic pipe; 2.4.1 Pipe body; 2.4.2 Mud guard; 2.5 Limiting handle; 2.5.1 Handle body; 2.5.2 Second limiting boss; 2.6 Quick-connect valve; 2.7 Support frame; 2.8 Valve body seal; 2.8.1 First seal; 2.8.2 Second seal; 2.8.3 Third seal; 2.8.4 Fourth seal; 2.9 Gate bolt; 2.10 Valve body bolt; 2.11 Fastening screw;

[0062] H. Distance between the front face of the initial position of the flushing unit and the back of the cutterhead (distance between the front face of the shield body partition and the back of the cutterhead).

[0063] h1, the telescopic length set for the telescopic tube;

[0064] h2, the minimum distance between the front end of the telescopic tube and the back of the cutter head (H=h1+h2).

[0065] α, Maximum flushing cone angle of the flushing unit (+ / - represents the flushing direction). Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model clearer and easier to understand, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings of this utility model are all in a simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clearly assist in illustrating the implementation of this utility model; the "several" mentioned in this utility model are not limited to the specific number shown in the examples in the drawings; the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front," "middle," "rear," "left," "right," "up," "down," "top," "bottom," and "middle" mentioned in this utility model are all based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings of this utility model, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, nor should they be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0067] Example 1:

[0068] See Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the tunneling machine provided by this utility model includes a shield body 02, a cutterhead 03, and a cutterhead flushing device 01;

[0069] The fixed end of the cutterhead 03 is fixedly connected to the shield body 02, and the driving end of the cutterhead 03 is used to excavate the tunnel.

[0070] The cutterhead flushing device 01 is detachably mounted on the shield body 02 and is used to flush the cutterhead 03.

[0071] Furthermore, the shield body 02 includes a shield body partition 201, a mounting base 202, and a cleaning interface 203;

[0072] At least one set of mounting bases 202 are provided on the shield body partition 201 to facilitate the installation of the cutterhead flushing device 01;

[0073] At least one cleaning port 203 is provided around the periphery of the single mounting base 202. The cleaning port 203 can be connected to the water supply unit 3 in the cutter head flushing device 01 to flush the front inner cavity of the mounting base 202, so as to prevent the slag and stone in the telescopic tube 2.4 in the cutter head flushing device 01 from entering the inner cavity of the mounting base 202 when it retracts, thereby causing the telescopic tube 2.4 to get stuck.

[0074] Preferably, the high water pressure provided by the supply unit 3 can ensure that the effective flushing stroke of the water column in the mud environment of the excavation chamber is greater than H, that is, when the flushing unit is in the initial position, it can still ensure effective flushing of the cutter head and prevent mud cake formation.

[0075] Preferably, after the flushing device 01 is installed, in its initial state (normal tunneling or early stage of mud cake formation), the telescopic pipe is fully retracted, and its front end is H away from the back of the cutterhead, ensuring the safety of the telescopic pipe.

[0076] Preferably, when the rinsing device 01 is in working state (preferably when the cutter disc is stopped), the telescopic tube is fully extended, and the shortest distance between its front end and the back of the cutter disc is h2, to ensure high-pressure rinsing of the cutter disc.

[0077] Preferably, when the telescopic tube extends to the set position, the oscillating and rotating flushing unit can perform high-pressure flushing of the cutter disc in a multi-degree-of-freedom, variable-diameter area.

[0078] As a further embodiment, the cutterhead flushing device 01 includes a maintenance gate 1, a flushing unit 2, and a water supply unit 3;

[0079] The maintenance gate 1 is detachably mounted on the mounting base of the flushing unit 2 by gate bolts 2.9, ensuring good sealing performance between the maintenance gate 1 and the mounting base;

[0080] The flushing unit 2 is detachably mounted on the maintenance gate 1 via valve body bolts 2.10, and the flushing unit 2 and the maintenance gate 1 are arranged coaxially to ensure good sealing performance between them.

[0081] One end of the water supply unit 3 is connected to the flushing unit 2, and the other end of the water supply unit 3 is connected to an external high-pressure water source to supply water to the flushing unit 2.

[0082] Preferably, the maintenance gate 1 is configured as a normally open gate.

[0083] More preferably, a first mounting hole for installing the flushing unit 2 is provided at the same position on the maintenance gate 1 and the shield diaphragm 201.

[0084] Furthermore, the flushing unit 2 includes a first valve body 2.1, a second valve body 2.2, a valve core 2.3, a telescopic tube 2.4, a quick-connect valve 2.6, and a valve body seal 2.8;

[0085] The first valve body 2.1 and the second valve body 2.2 are connected to each other to form a valve body structure; the valve body structure is fixedly installed in the first mounting hole provided at the same position on the maintenance gate 1 and the shield partition 201;

[0086] The valve core 2.3 is detachably installed inside the valve body structure, and the valve core 2.3 and the valve body structure are rotatably connected.

[0087] One end of the telescopic tube 2.4 is installed through the valve core 2.3 and is coaxially arranged with the valve core 2.3. The other end of the telescopic tube 2.4 is connected to the water supply unit 3 through a quick-connect valve 2.6.

[0088] The valve body seal 2.8 is used to seal the space between the first valve body 2.1 and the valve core 2.3, as well as between the second valve body 2.1 and the valve core 2.3.

[0089] More preferably, the valve body seal 2.8 includes a first seal 2.8.1, a second seal 2.8.2, a third seal 2.8.3, and a fourth seal 2.8.4.

[0090] For further optimization, see Figure 5 As shown, the first valve body 2.1 is generally configured as a flange-shaped structure. Specifically, the first valve body 2.1 includes a first main body, a third mounting hole disposed on the first main body, and a sealing structure for mounting the valve body seal 2.8;

[0091] The third mounting hole is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the first body, and the inner wall of the third mounting hole is preferably configured as an inner arc surface structure;

[0092] The sealing structure includes a first sealing groove and a second sealing groove that are spaced apart from each other on the inner wall of the third mounting hole. A first seal 2.8.1 is installed in the first sealing groove, and a second seal 2.8.2 is installed in the second sealing groove.

[0093] A third sealing groove is provided on the end face of the first body near the second sealing groove. The third sealing groove is arranged in a ring shape, and a third seal 2.8.3 is installed in the third sealing groove.

[0094] More preferably, one end of the second seal 2.8.2 extends along the side away from the first seal 2.8.1.

[0095] For further optimization, see Figure 6 As shown, the second valve body 2.2 is configured as a cylindrical structure. Specifically, the second valve body 2.2 includes a second main body and a first limiting boss 2.2.1, a flange 2.2.2, and a support groove 2.2.3 disposed on the second main body;

[0096] The second main body includes a flange structure for matching with the first main body and a sealing cylinder structure for matching with the maintenance gate 1. The flange structure is provided with mounting holes for bolting connection with the first valve body 2.1.

[0097] The first limiting boss 2.2.1 is provided on the flange structure and is used to match and connect with the third sealing groove of the first valve body 2.1 to press the third seal 2.8.3;

[0098] A second mounting hole is also provided at the central axis of the flange structure. The inner wall of the second mounting hole is preferably set as an inner arc structure, and the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole are set as equal diameter spherical surface structures.

[0099] A fourth sealing groove and a fifth sealing groove are also provided on the inner wall of the second mounting hole. The fourth sealing groove is used to install the fourth seal 2.8.4. The fifth sealing groove is arranged opposite to the second sealing groove and is used to install the extension end of the second seal 2.8.2.

[0100] More preferably, a flange 2.2.2 is also provided on the sealing cylinder structure of the second valve body 2.2, and the flange 2.2.2 is detachably connected to the maintenance gate 1 by valve body bolts 2.10.

[0101] Even more preferably, two support grooves 2.2.3 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder structure of the second valve body 2.2.

[0102] For further optimization, see Figure 7 As shown, the valve core 2.3 includes a connecting part, a sleeve 2.3.1, a limiting groove 2.3.2, and a telescopic seal 2.3.3;

[0103] The connecting part is preferably configured as a hollow spherical structure that matches the third mounting hole provided on the first valve body 2.1 and the second mounting hole provided on the second valve body 2.2;

[0104] One end of the sleeve 2.3.1 is fixedly installed in the hollow part of the connection and extends to the outside of the connection by a distance W, so as to limit the telescopic tube 2.4;

[0105] A limiting groove 2.3.2 for connecting with two support grooves 2.2.3 is provided on the other end of the sleeve 2.3.1. The part of the limiting groove 2.3.2 for connecting with the support groove 2.2.3 is preferably configured as an L-shaped structure.

[0106] More preferably, the inner wall of the sleeve 2.3.1 is provided with multiple sets of telescopic seals 2.3.3 arranged at intervals. Specifically, in this embodiment, the telescopic seals 2.3.3 are preferably provided with at least three sets, of which two sets are provided at the part where the sleeve 2.3.1 is connected to the connecting part, and the other set is provided at the part of the sleeve 2.3.1 near the limiting groove 2.3.2.

[0107] More preferably, the telescopic tube 2.4 is sleeved and installed inside the valve core 2.3, and slides and seals with the inside of the sleeve 2.3.1. See details below. Figure 8As shown, the telescopic pipe 2.4 includes a pipe body 2.4.1 and a mud-proof plate 2.4.2 disposed on one end of the pipe body 2.4.1; the pipe body 2.4.1 is configured as a variable diameter pipe structure, with the mud-proof plate 2.4.2 fixedly disposed on the end face of its smaller diameter and a threaded interface disposed on the end face of its larger diameter; the mud-proof plate 2.4.2 is used to prevent larger-diameter slag generated by the tunnel boring machine during the tunneling process from entering the inner cavity of the mounting base 202 when the cutterhead flushing device 01 is in its initial state, and to prevent the telescopic pipe 2.4 from sliding back out of the sleeve 2.3.1 under the action of water and soil pressure in the excavation chamber.

[0108] As a further embodiment of this utility model, in addition to the above structure, the flushing unit 2 also includes a limiting handle 2.5 disposed between the telescopic tube 2.4 and the quick-connect valve 2.6; the limiting handle 2.5 is screwed to the threaded interface provided on the telescopic tube 2.4, and the other end of the limiting handle 2.5 is detachably connected to the quick-connect valve 2.6.

[0109] For further optimization, see Figure 9 As shown, the limiting handle 2.5 includes a handle body 2.5.1 and a second limiting boss 2.5.2 symmetrically arranged on the outside of the handle body 2.5.1. When the limiting handle rotates along its axis by a set angle, the second limiting boss 2.5.2 can match the limiting groove 2.3.2 to limit and fix the limiting handle 2.5 and the telescopic tube 2.4.

[0110] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above structure, the flushing unit 2 also includes a support frame 2.7 for supporting and limiting the sleeve 2.3.1.

[0111] For further optimization, see Figure 10 As shown, the support frame 2.7 is preferably configured as a U-shaped structure. Specifically, the support frame 2.7 includes a first connecting section, a U-shaped lifting section, and a second connecting section connected in sequence. The first connecting section and the second connecting section are respectively fitted into the support groove 2.2.3. The U-shaped lifting section lifts and limits the sleeve 2.3.1, which can prevent the cutter head flushing device 01 from rotating under the action of gravity in the initial state.

[0112] Example 2:

[0113] The specific process of cleaning the cutterhead 03 of the tunneling machine using the cutterhead flushing device 01 described above is as follows:

[0114] St1) Install the flushing device on the shield body partition, install the support frame to lift and fix the casing, connect the water supply unit, and close the quick-connect valve. The tunnel boring machine can then excavate normally.

[0115] St2) Depending on the actual working conditions, open the quick-connect valve periodically to clean the cutter head remotely to prevent the solidification of mud cake;

[0116] St3) As the cutterhead continues to excavate or tunnels through long-distance cohesive strata, when the monitoring system detects that the cutterhead has solidified into mud cake (e.g., feedback from a combination of factors such as increased thrust, accelerated cutterhead heating, and abnormal cutter wear), the telescopic pipe needs to be extended to the set position according to the mud cake area. (If the mud cake area is in the center, to ensure that the telescopic pipe is not damaged by the cutterhead support legs and mixing rods, the cutterhead rotation must be stopped before flushing; if it is in a position where the support legs and mixing rods do not interfere, the machine does not need to be stopped.)

[0117] St4) When the telescopic pipe extends to the set position (set as h1 distance), rotate the limit handle as needed to lock the limit boss of the limit plate into the limit groove to limit the telescopic pipe (to prevent it from moving backward due to the water and soil pressure of the excavation chamber during operation).

[0118] St5), then remove the support frame, start the water supply unit and open the quick-connect valve. The operator holds the limit handle and rotates it to perform directional high-pressure flushing of the mud cake area (e.g., Figure 11-12 As shown in the figure, the maximum area that the high-pressure water jet can wash is a conical range with a cone angle of α;

[0119] St6), after rinsing is complete, close the quick-connect valve, return the telescopic pipe to the horizontal position, and install the support frame to lift and fix the sleeve;

[0120] St7), at the same time, open the cleaning interface to perform high-pressure flushing of the inner cavity of the mounting base, rotate the limit handle to release the limit and slowly retract the telescopic tube to the initial position, close the cleaning interface and water supply unit to complete the flushing operation.

[0121] (St8) When maintenance of the flushing unit is required, first ensure that the flushing unit is in the initial position, remove the valve body bolts, and slowly withdraw the flushing unit. Pause when the telescopic unit is withdrawn to the rear end position of the maintenance gate, and simultaneously slowly open the maintenance gate until it is completely closed; continue withdrawing the flushing unit to the set position to complete the removal of the maintenance unit. To reinstall the flushing unit, follow the steps in St8.

[0122] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A cutterhead flushing device, detachably mounted on the shield (02) of a tunneling machine; characterized in that, The cutterhead flushing device (01) includes a maintenance gate (1), a flushing unit (2), and a water supply unit (3). The maintenance gate (1) is detachably mounted on the mounting base of the flushing unit (2); The flushing unit (2) is detachably mounted on the maintenance gate (1); One end of the water supply unit (3) is connected to the flushing unit (2), and the other end of the water supply unit (3) is connected to an external water source for supplying water to the flushing unit (2).

2. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maintenance gate (1) is configured as a normally open gate; A first mounting hole for penetrating and installing the flushing unit (2) is provided at the same position on the shield partition (201) in the maintenance gate (1) and the shield body (02).

3. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flushing unit (2) includes a first valve body (2.1), a second valve body (2.2), a valve core (2.3), a telescopic tube (2.4), a quick-connect valve (2.6), and a valve body seal (2.8). The first valve body (2.1) and the second valve body (2.2) are connected to each other to form a valve body structure; the valve body structure is fixedly installed in the first mounting hole set at the same position of the maintenance gate (1) and the shield partition (201); The valve core (2.3) is detachably installed inside the valve body structure, and the valve core (2.3) and the valve body structure are rotatably connected; One end of the telescopic pipe (2.4) is installed through the valve core (2.3) and is coaxial with the valve core (2.3). The other end of the telescopic pipe (2.4) is connected to the water supply unit (3) through a quick-connect valve (2.6). The valve body seal (2.8) is used to seal between the first valve body (2.1) and the valve core (2.3) and between the second valve body (2.2) and the valve core (2.3).

4. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The valve body seal (2.8) includes a first seal (2.8.1), a second seal (2.8.2), and a third seal (2.8.3). The first valve body (2.1) includes a first main body, a third mounting hole disposed on the first main body, and a sealing structure for mounting the valve body seal (2.8); The third mounting hole is arranged to coincide with the central axis of the first body, and the inner wall of the third mounting hole is set as an inner arc surface structure. The sealing structure includes a first sealing groove and a second sealing groove that are spaced apart from each other on the inner wall of the third mounting hole. A first seal (2.8.1) is installed in the first sealing groove, and a second seal (2.8.2) is installed in the second sealing groove. A third sealing groove is provided on the end face of the first body near the second sealing groove. The third sealing groove is arranged in a ring shape, and a third seal is installed in the third sealing groove (2.8.3).

5. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The valve body seal (2.8) includes a fourth seal (2.8.4). The second valve body (2.2) includes a second main body and a first limiting boss (2.2.1), a flange (2.2.2), and a support groove (2.2.3) disposed on the second main body. The second body includes a flange structure for matching with the first body and a sealing cylinder structure for matching with the maintenance gate (1). The flange structure is provided with mounting holes for bolting to the first valve body (2.1). The first limiting boss (2.2.1) is provided on the flange structure and is used to match and connect with the third sealing groove of the first valve body (2.1) to press the third seal (2.8.3); A second mounting hole is also provided at the central axis of the flange structure. The inner wall of the second mounting hole is set as an inner arc structure, and the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole are set as equal diameter spherical surface structures. A fourth sealing groove and a fifth sealing groove are also provided on the inner wall of the second mounting hole. A fourth seal (2.8.4) is installed in the fourth sealing groove. The fifth sealing groove is arranged opposite to the second sealing groove and is used to install the extension end of the second seal (2.8.2).

6. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A flange (2.2.2) is also provided on the sealing cylinder structure of the second valve body (2.2), and the flange (2.2.2) is detachably connected to the maintenance gate (1).

7. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The valve core (2.3) includes a connecting part, a sleeve (2.3.1), a limiting groove (2.3.2), and a telescopic seal (2.3.3). The connecting part is configured as a hollow spherical structure that matches the third mounting hole provided on the first valve body (2.1) and the second mounting hole provided on the second valve body (2.2); One end of the sleeve (2.3.1) is fixedly installed in the hollow of the connecting part and extends to the outside of the connecting part by a distance W, which is used to limit the telescopic tube (2.4); and multiple sets of telescopic seals (2.3.3) are provided on the inner wall of the sleeve (2.3.1) at intervals.

8. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Two support grooves (2.2.3) are also symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the sealing cylinder structure of the second valve body (2.2). A limiting groove (2.3.2) is provided on the other end of the sleeve (2.3.1) for connecting with the two support grooves (2.2.3).

9. The cutter head rinsing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The telescopic pipe (2.4) includes a pipe body (2.4.1) and a mudguard (2.4.2) disposed at one end of the pipe body (2.4.1). The pipe body (2.4.1) is configured as a variable diameter pipe structure, with a mud-proof plate (2.4.2) fixed on the end face of its smaller diameter and a threaded interface on the end face of its larger diameter. The mudguard (2.4.2) is used to prevent the slag generated by the tunnel boring machine during the tunneling process from entering the shield body (02) when the cutterhead flushing device (01) is in the initial state, and to prevent the telescopic pipe (2.4) from sliding out of the casing (2.3.1) under the action of water and soil pressure in the excavation chamber.

10. A tunneling machine, characterized in that, Includes a shield body (02), a cutterhead (03), and a cutterhead flushing device (01) as described in any one of claims 1-9; The fixed end of the cutterhead (03) is fixedly connected to the shield body (02), and the driving end of the cutterhead (03) is used to excavate the tunnel; The cutterhead flushing device (01) is detachably mounted on the shield body (02) for flushing the cutterhead (03).

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