Shield tunneling machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a shield tunneling machine, relates to shield tunneling machine technical field, including shield tunneling machine anterior shield, shield tunneling machine middle shield and cutterhead, shield tunneling machine anterior shield outer wall one side butt joint shield tunneling machine middle shield, shield tunneling machine anterior shield outer wall one side is equipped with the cutterhead through shield tunneling machine slewing bearing, shield tunneling machine anterior shield inner wall one side is equipped with the hydraulic mechanism. When the shield tunneling machine is used, the multiple sets of conveying gears drive the shield tunneling machine cutterhead to rotate, then output power is balanced in multiple directions, the torque of the shield tunneling machine cutterhead is enhanced, the cutterhead rotates stably, the clamping stagnation risk caused by insufficient torque is prevented, and when a high-strength obstacle is encountered, the situation that the cutterhead is instantly clamped due to the insufficient torque is prevented; and moreover, the situation that the construction period is delayed and the cost is increased sharply due to the fact that restarting operation is complex and needs to be disassembled and repaired after the shield tunneling machine is stuck is prevented, and therefore the effect of preventing clamping stagnation caused by insufficient torque is achieved when the shield tunneling machine is used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel boring machine technology, specifically a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a specialized engineering machine used for tunnel excavation. It employs the shield tunneling method, where the tunnel's shield (supporting segments) is constructed simultaneously with excavation, distinguishing it from open-cut construction methods. TBMs integrate excavation, support, propulsion, and slab laying into a single unit, and are widely used in railway, subway, highway, and hydroelectric tunnel projects. As a specialized tunneling equipment, it is a complex engineering system integrating mechanical, hydraulic, sensor, and information technologies.

[0003] However, the drive of the front cutterhead of a small tunnel boring machine is located at the central shaft. When rotating, the torque is small due to the output of a single motor. When encountering high-strength obstacles, the cutterhead is prone to jamming due to insufficient torque, which can damage the drive system or even scrap the entire machine. Furthermore, the soil is transported from the bottom outlet to the conveyor belt via an auger, resulting in a bulky structure that occupies a lot of space and restricts the layout of other equipment, thus affecting the use of the tunnel boring machine. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel boring machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising a front shield, a middle shield, and a cutterhead. The middle shield is connected to one side of the outer wall of the front shield. The cutterhead is mounted on one side of the outer wall of the front shield via a TBM slewing bearing. A hydraulic mechanism is installed on one side of the inner wall of the front shield, and the front shield is connected to the middle shield via a hydraulic cylinder in the hydraulic mechanism. A conveying mechanism is installed in the middle of the front shield. A tail shield is connected to one side of the outer wall of the middle shield. TBM hatches are connected to both sides of the middle of the middle shield.

[0006] Preferably, a fixed base is installed inside the front shield of the tunnel boring machine, and a slewing bearing of the tunnel boring machine is installed in the middle of the fixed base, and a cutterhead is installed at the front end of the slewing bearing. A dredging port is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of the fixed base.

[0007] Preferably, the cutter head includes a conical rotary cutter head or a planar rotary cutter head.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the tunnel boring machine slewing bearing is meshed with a conveying gear, and an output motor is connected to the middle of the conveying gear. The outer wall of the output motor is connected to the fixed base.

[0009] Preferably, the output motor can drive the conveying gear to rotate, and the conveying gear is provided with at least four sets, which can balance the output power in multiple directions and enhance the torque of the cutter head fixed on the slewing bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the shield machine cutter teeth on the conical rotating cutterhead are equipped with reinforcing ribs, which are installed in a triangular shape and tightly attached to the cutter head to prevent the shield machine cutter teeth from falling off or changing direction.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic mechanism is controlled by multiple sets of hydraulic cylinders to collaboratively control the tunneling direction and attitude, and the hydraulic cylinders are arranged in a distributed manner.

[0012] Preferably, the shield machine integrates a cutterhead drive system to support temporary support of the excavation face. The conveying mechanism continuously transports excavated soil to the outside via a belt conveyor, forming an open excavated soil transport channel. It works in conjunction with an earth pressure balance mechanism to control the amount of excavated soil and maintain the stability of the excavation face. Multiple sets of support frames are installed below the conveying mechanism. The bottom of the support frames is connected by rollers to support the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt in the conveying mechanism can be moved backward as a whole to facilitate cutterhead maintenance.

[0013] Preferably, the rotation direction of the cutter head is controlled by an output motor.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: When the tunnel boring machine is in use, multiple sets of conveying gears drive the cutterhead fixed on the slewing bearing to rotate, thereby balancing the output power in multiple directions, enhancing the torque of the cutterhead, making the cutterhead rotate stably, and preventing the risk of jamming caused by insufficient torque. When encountering high-strength obstacles, it prevents the cutterhead from jamming instantly due to insufficient torque, causing damage to the drive system or even scrapping the entire machine. It also prevents the restart operation after jamming from being complicated, requiring disassembly and repair, leading to delays in the construction period and a sharp increase in costs. Thus, it plays a role in preventing jamming caused by insufficient torque when the tunnel boring machine is in use. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front-view three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the conveying mechanism of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hydraulic mechanism of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tail shield of the tunnel boring machine of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cutter head of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the conveying gear of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the conical rotating cutter head of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the planar rotating cutter head of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Front shield of the tunnel boring machine (TBM); 2. Middle shield of the TBM; 3. Cutterhead; 4. Hydraulic mechanism; 5. Conveying mechanism; 6. Tail shield of the TBM; 7. TBM hatch; 8. Fixed base; 9. Slewing bearing; 10. Conveying gear; 11. Dredging port; 12. TBM cutter teeth; 13. Conical rotating cutterhead; 14. Planar rotating cutterhead; 15. Reinforcing rib. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-9 This utility model provides a technical solution: Example

[0027] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) includes a front shield 1, a middle shield 2, and a cutterhead 3. The middle shield 2 is connected to one side of the outer wall of the front shield 1. The cutterhead 3 is mounted on one side of the outer wall of the front shield 1 via a slewing bearing 9. A hydraulic mechanism 4 is installed on one side of the inner wall of the front shield 1, and the front shield 1 is connected to the middle shield 2 via hydraulic cylinders in the hydraulic mechanism 4. A conveying mechanism 5 is installed in the middle of the front shield 1. A tail shield 6 is connected to one side of the outer wall of the middle shield 2. The shield machine 2 has shield machine hatches 7 connected to both sides of its middle section. A fixed base 8 is installed inside the front shield 1 of the shield machine, and a slewing bearing 9 is installed in the middle of the fixed base 8. A cutterhead 3 is installed at the front end of the slewing bearing 9. A sludge removal port 11 is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of the fixed base 8. The cutterhead 3 includes a conical rotating cutterhead 13 or a flat rotating cutterhead 14. A conveying gear 10 is meshed with the outer wall of the slewing bearing 9, and an output motor is connected to the middle of the conveying gear 10. The outer wall of the output motor is connected to the fixed base. The 8-phase connection allows the output motor to drive the conveying gear 10 to rotate. The conveying gear 10 has at least four sets, which can balance the output power in multiple directions and enhance the torque of the cutterhead 3 fixed on the slewing bearing 9. The shield machine cutter teeth 12 on the conical rotating cutterhead 13 are equipped with reinforcing ribs 15. The reinforcing ribs 15 are installed in a triangular shape and tightly attached to the cutter head to prevent the shield machine cutter teeth 12 from falling off or changing direction. The hydraulic mechanism 4 uses multiple sets of hydraulic cylinders to control the tunneling direction and attitude in a distributed layout. The shield machine front shield 1 integrates the cutterhead drive system to support the temporary support of the excavation face. The conveying mechanism 5 uses a belt conveyor to continuously transport the excavated soil to the outside and forms an open excavated soil transportation channel. It works with the earth pressure balance mechanism to control the amount of soil discharged and maintain the stability of the excavation face. Multiple sets of support frames are installed below the conveying mechanism 5. The bottom of the support frames is connected by rollers and supports the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt in the conveying mechanism 5 can be moved backward as a whole to facilitate the maintenance of the cutterhead. The cutterhead 3 is controlled by the output motor to control the rotation direction.

[0028] See Figures 1-8 During the operation of the tunnel boring machine, the staff first enters the middle shield 2 of the tunnel boring machine through the tunnel boring machine hatch 7. Then, during the tunnel boring machine's underground excavation, the front shield 1 of the tunnel boring machine will drive the cutterhead 3 to move. At this time, the cutterhead 3 will rotate stably, thereby breaking the rock and soil for excavation.

[0029] The fixed base 8 inside the front shield 1 of the tunnel boring machine is connected to the middle of the slewing bearing 9, and the cutterhead 3 is installed at the front end of the slewing bearing 9. The cutterhead 3 can be replaced as a whole with a conical rotating cutterhead 13. The conical rotating cutterhead 13 is equipped with reinforcing ribs 15, which can meet the construction requirements of ordinary geological conditions. By controlling the rotation direction of the output motor, the cutterhead 3 of the tunnel boring machine can rotate and cut in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, thereby avoiding the loss of horizontality of the machine body caused by the cutterhead rotating and cutting in only one direction, and ensuring that the tunnel boring machine body remains in a horizontal state during the jacking construction. The tail shield 6 of the tunnel boring machine is equipped with a segment assembly system, which can assemble precast concrete segments to form tunnel lining and support the stability of the tunnel structure.

[0030] The conveyor motor on the outer wall of the fixed base 8 is activated beforehand. Since the output end of the conveyor motor is connected to the conveyor gear 10, starting the conveyor motor will drive the conveyor gear 10 to rotate. Because the conveyor gear 10 is meshed with the gear ring on the outer wall of the tunnel boring machine's slewing bearing 9, the rotation of the conveyor gear 10 will drive the tunnel boring machine's slewing bearing 9 to rotate. This combination of large and small gears amplifies the torque, thereby driving the tunnel boring machine's cutterhead 3 to rotate, thus balancing the power output in multiple directions and enhancing the torque of the tunnel boring machine's cutterhead 3. This prevents insufficient torque from causing jamming, and when encountering high-strength obstacles, it prevents... Insufficient torque may cause the cutterhead 3 to jam momentarily, resulting in damage to the drive system or even scrapping the entire machine. Furthermore, restarting after jamming is complicated and requires disassembly and repair, leading to project delays and increased costs. In addition, to address the possibility of the cutterhead 3 jamming, a retaining plate is installed at the center and fixed to the front frame of the conveyor belt for manual observation and obstacle removal after disassembly. Moreover, the single motor drive mode of the central shaft is no longer used, resulting in limited output torque, which is difficult to meet the needs of tunneling in hard rock or dense strata. In addition, the single power source results in poor redundancy, and motor failure or overload can easily lead to downtime risks.

[0031] And through the sludge removal port 11 at the bottom of the fixed base 8, which is normally covered and fixed by an iron plate, the fixing object can be removed during maintenance to better clean and observe the gear set composed of the slewing bearing 9 and the conveying gear 10;

[0032] The tunneling direction and attitude are controlled by multiple hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic mechanism 4. Then, the soil broken by the cutterhead 3 is continuously transported to the outside of the tunnel by the conveying mechanism 5 to ensure the continuity of construction. After that, the precast concrete segments are assembled by the segment assembly system in the tail shield 6 of the tunnel boring machine, in conjunction with the six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, to form the tunnel lining, support the stability of the tunnel structure, and thus complete the excavation of the tunnel.

[0033] While placing the power output device on both sides with ample space, a conveyor mechanism 5 is installed in the center. Multiple support frames are installed on the left and right sides of the conveyor mechanism 5. The bottom of the support frames is connected by rollers and supports the conveyor belt. Positioning screws are used on the left and right support frames to correspond to the screw holes on the outer frame of the conveyor belt to limit the position of the conveyor belt. A retaining plate is installed at the front end of the conveyor belt and at the connection position of the cutterhead 3 to prevent the soil and rock inside the cutterhead 3 from directly entering the front shield 1 of the tunnel boring machine. If the cutterhead 3 gets stuck, the screws connecting the retaining plate to the conveyor belt are loosened, and then the positioning screws on the support frame are loosened, so that the entire conveyor belt can be moved backward along the rollers to open up a larger space in front for easy manual observation and obstacle removal. Example

[0034] See Figure 9 It can be seen that the tunnel boring machine can replace the cutterhead 3 with different types of cutterheads of the same model to meet different construction geological conditions. It can also replace the cutterhead 3 with a planar rotating cutterhead 14, which is a special cutterhead 3 for sand and gravel, so as to meet the construction requirements of more geological soil layers.

[0035] In summary, when using this type of tunnel boring machine (TBM), workers first enter the middle shield 2 through the TBM hatch 7. Then, during the underground excavation process, the front shield 1 moves the cutterhead 3. Multiple hydraulic cylinders in the hydraulic mechanism 4 coordinate the control of the excavation direction and attitude. The soil broken by the cutterhead 3 is then continuously transported to the outside of the tunnel via the conveying mechanism 5. Afterwards, precast concrete segments are assembled by the segment assembly system inside the tail shield 6 to form the tunnel lining, ensuring the stability of the tunnel structure and thus completing the tunnel excavation. This process involves breaking up the rock and soil for further excavation. This is the current... The technology is described in detail here, but will not be elaborated upon. The gear set composed of the slewing bearing 9 and the conveying gear 10 balances the output power in multiple directions and enhances the torque of the cutter head 3 fixed on the slewing bearing 9. This ensures the stable rotation of the cutter head 3 and prevents the risk of jamming caused by insufficient torque. When encountering high-strength obstacles, it prevents the cutter head 3 from jamming instantly due to insufficient torque, which could damage the drive system or even scrap the entire machine. It also prevents the restart operation after jamming from being complicated, requiring disassembly and repair, which would lead to project delays and a sharp increase in costs. The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0036] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising a front shield (1), a middle shield (2), and a cutterhead (3), wherein the middle shield (2) is abutted to one side of the outer wall of the front shield (1), characterized in that: A cutterhead (3) is installed on one side of the outer wall of the front shield (1) of the tunnel boring machine via the slewing bearing (9) of the tunnel boring machine. A hydraulic mechanism (4) is installed on one side of the inner wall of the front shield (1) of the tunnel boring machine. The front shield (1) of the tunnel boring machine is connected to the middle shield (2) of the tunnel boring machine via the hydraulic cylinder in the hydraulic mechanism (4). A conveying mechanism (5) is installed in the middle of the front shield (1) of the tunnel boring machine. A tail shield (6) of the tunnel boring machine is connected to one side of the outer wall of the middle shield (2) of the tunnel boring machine. Tunnel boring machine cabin doors (7) are connected to both sides of the middle of the middle shield (2). A fixed base (8) is installed inside the front shield (1) of the tunnel boring machine, and a slewing bearing (9) of the tunnel boring machine is installed in the middle of the fixed base (8), and a cutterhead (3) is installed at the front end of the slewing bearing (9). A dredging port (11) is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of the fixed base (8). The outer wall of the tunnel boring machine slewing bearing (9) is meshed with a conveying gear (10), and the middle of the conveying gear (10) is connected to an output motor. The outer wall of the output motor is connected to the fixed base (8). The output motor can drive the conveying gear (10) to rotate, and the conveying gear (10) is provided with at least four sets, which can balance the output power in multiple directions and enhance the torque of the cutter head (3) fixed on the slewing bearing (9).

2. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head (3) includes a conical rotating cutter head (13) or a planar rotating cutter head (14).

3. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shield machine cutter teeth (12) on the conical rotating cutterhead (13) are equipped with reinforcing ribs (15). The reinforcing ribs (15) are installed in a triangular shape and closely attached to the cutter head to prevent the shield machine cutter teeth (12) from falling off or changing direction.

4. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic mechanism (4) is controlled by multiple sets of hydraulic cylinders to coordinate the tunneling direction and attitude, and the hydraulic cylinders are distributed in a distributed manner.

5. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shield (1) of the tunnel boring machine integrates a cutterhead drive system to support the temporary support of the excavation face. The conveying mechanism (5) continuously transports the excavated soil to the outside by a belt conveyor and forms an open excavated soil transport channel. It works in conjunction with the earth pressure balance mechanism to control the amount of soil discharged and maintain the stability of the excavation face. Multiple sets of support frames are installed below the conveying mechanism (5). The bottom of the support frames is connected by rollers and supports the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt in the conveying mechanism (5) can be moved backward as a whole to facilitate the maintenance of the cutterhead.

6. A tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation direction of the cutter head (3) is controlled by the output motor.

Images