Heat exchanger end socket water inlet structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heat exchanger end socket water inlet structure which comprises an end socket body, a water inlet is formed in the upper end of the end socket body, the water inlet is connected with a flow guide assembly extending into an end socket, and the flow guide assembly comprises a first flow guide cylinder coaxially connected with the water inlet. A plurality of first-stage water outlets are circumferentially distributed at the bottom of the first guide cylinder, each first-stage water outlet is connected with a second guide cylinder extending downwards, a plurality of second-stage water outlets are circumferentially distributed at the bottom of each second guide cylinder, and the total flow area of all the second-stage water outlets is larger than the flow area of the water inlet. The high-speed jet flow of the water inlet can be spread to a larger area, the flow speed of a central area is reduced, the overall flow speed distribution is more uniform, and the backflow possibility is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of heat exchanger technology, specifically to a heat exchanger head inlet structure. Background Technology

[0002] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used heat exchange equipment in the industrial field. Their core structure uses the wall surface of a bundle of tubes within a closed shell as the heat transfer interface. Through indirect heat exchange, they achieve heat transfer between hot and cold fluids, enabling temperature regulation or energy recovery. Due to their advantages such as simple structure, low manufacturing cost, wide flow cross-section, and ease of cleaning and maintenance, these devices have become standard equipment in the petrochemical, energy, and power industries.

[0003] In existing shell-and-tube heat exchangers, the front and rear end caps of the shell respectively handle fluid distribution and collection. A horizontal baffle is installed inside one end cap to separate the inlet and outlet chambers, and a single inlet and outlet are located at the upper and lower ends of the end cap, respectively. In existing technology, the inlet uses a straight-through structure directly connected to the end cap cavity. With a single inlet, the high-speed jet concentrates at the narrow inlet, resulting in excessively high central velocity and a low-pressure zone around it, creating a pressure gradient and easily triggering backflow. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a heat exchanger head inlet structure that can spread the high-speed jet of the inlet over a larger area, reduce the flow velocity in the central area, make the overall flow velocity distribution more uniform, and reduce the possibility of backflow.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a heat exchanger head inlet structure, including a head body, an inlet at the upper end of the head body, a flow guiding component extending into the interior of the head connected to the inlet, the flow guiding component including a first flow guiding cylinder coaxially connected to the inlet, a plurality of primary outlets distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the first flow guiding cylinder, each primary outlet connected to a downwardly extending second flow guiding cylinder, a plurality of secondary outlets distributed circumferentially at the bottom of each second flow guiding cylinder, and the total flow area of ​​all secondary outlets being greater than the flow area of ​​the inlet.

[0006] A further improvement of this utility model is that the lower end face of the first guide tube is provided with four primary water outlets, and the lower end face of the second guide tube is provided with three secondary water outlets.

[0007] A further improvement of this utility model is that the primary water outlet is provided with four outlets distributed at equal angles, and the number of secondary water outlets at the bottom of each second guide tube is three, arranged in an equilateral triangle.

[0008] A further improvement of this utility model is that the center lines connecting the adjacent secondary outlets of the adjacent second guide tubes form a regular octagonal arrangement.

[0009] A further improvement of this utility model is that the total flow area of ​​all primary outlets is greater than the flow area of ​​the inlet, and the total flow area of ​​all secondary outlets is less than the total flow area of ​​all primary outlets.

[0010] A further improvement of this utility model is that the secondary outlet is connected to a gradually expanding guide pipe, and the expansion angle of the guide pipe is 10°~30°.

[0011] A further improvement of this utility model is that the diameters of the first guide tube and the second guide tube gradually increase linearly along the axial direction from the opening end to the bottom end.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] First, this utility model uses a two-stage guide tube diversion structure to gradually disperse the concentrated water flow at the inlet, expanding the coverage area. The high-speed jet, originally concentrated at the narrow inlet, is spread over a larger area, causing the water flow to form a diffused flow inside the end cap. The flow velocity in the central area is significantly reduced, while the flow velocity in the periphery is relatively increased, resulting in a more uniform overall flow velocity distribution. The low-pressure zone is dispersed over a larger area, weakening the local low-pressure effect and reducing the pressure gradient between the center and the periphery.

[0014] In this invention, the total area of ​​the secondary outlet is larger than that of the inlet, which reduces the water flow velocity and minimizes the impact on the fluid inside the end cap. The total flow area of ​​the primary stage is larger than that of the inlet, which reduces the primary flow velocity by increasing the flow cross-section and alleviates the pressure drop at the inlet. The total flow area of ​​the secondary stage is smaller than that of the primary stage, maintaining appropriate back pressure and preventing excessive diffusion of the secondary water flow that could lead to energy loss, thus achieving stepwise flow velocity control.

[0015] The secondary outlet of this invention forms an inner ring and an outer ring. The outlets of the inner ring are arranged in a regular octagon, so that the water flow forms an approximately circular covering area. The fluid flowing out of the four outlets of the outer ring can balance the fluid that hits the baffle in the inner ring, so that the fluid flows quickly and reduces the backflow area. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 4This is a bottom view sectional diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0020] In the figure, 1-head body, 2-inlet, 3-first guide tube, 4-first-stage outlet, 5-second guide tube, 6-second-stage outlet, 7-guide pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1: Combination Figures 1-4 It is known that a heat exchanger head inlet structure includes a head body 1, an inlet 2 at the upper end of the head body 1, and a flow guiding component extending into the interior of the head connected to the inlet 2. The flow guiding component includes a first flow guiding cylinder 3 coaxially connected to the inlet 2. Multiple primary outlets 4 are distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the first flow guiding cylinder 3. Each primary outlet 4 is connected to a second flow guiding cylinder 5 extending downward. Multiple secondary outlets 6 are distributed circumferentially at the bottom of each second flow guiding cylinder 5. The total flow area of ​​all secondary outlets 6 is greater than the flow area of ​​the inlet 2.

[0023] The lower end face of the first guide tube 3 is provided with three to six primary water outlets 4. The lower limit of the number of primary water outlets is greater than or equal to three to ensure sufficient dispersion of water flow, and the upper limit is less than or equal to six to avoid excessive diversion leading to insufficient flow in a single channel. Preferably, there are four primary water outlets 4.

[0024] The lower end face of the second guide tube 5 is provided with three secondary water outlets 6, and the secondary water outlets 6 distributed at equal angles achieve circumferential uniform flow distribution.

[0025] There are four primary outlets 4, which are distributed at equal angles. The number of secondary outlets 6 at the bottom of each second guide tube 5 is three, which are arranged in an equilateral triangle.

[0026] Preferably, the flow area of ​​the outlet of all first guide tubes 3 is 1.5-2.0 times that of the inlet 2, the flow area of ​​the outlet of all second guide tubes 5 is 1.3-1.5 times that of the inlet 2, and the flow area of ​​the outlet of all guide pipes 7 is 1.1-1.3 times that of the outlet of all second guide tubes 5.

[0027] The centers of adjacent secondary outlets 6 of the adjacent second guide tubes 5 are arranged in an octagon. Preferably, it is a regular octagon. This creates an approximately circular annular coverage area for the water flow, allowing the water flow to spread over a larger area. The remaining four secondary outlets 6 are located on the outer ring of this circular coverage area, which can balance the fluid flowing into the head body 1 from the circular coverage area, allowing the fluid to flow rapidly and thus reducing the backflow area.

[0028] The total flow area of ​​all primary outlets 4 is greater than that of inlet 2, and the total flow area of ​​all secondary outlets 6 is less than that of all primary outlets 4.

[0029] Optionally, the secondary outlet 6 is connected to a gradually expanding guide pipe 7, with an expansion angle of 10° to 30°. The guide pipe 7 guides the water flow to diffuse gently, further reducing the flow velocity and expanding the coverage area.

[0030] The diameters of the first guide tube 3 and the second guide tube 5 gradually increase linearly along the axial direction from the open end to the bottom end. Preferably, the first guide tube 3 is a truncated conical tube (frustum-shaped), with its top being an open end, coaxially connected to the inlet and having a cross-sectional area matching the inlet. Its bottom is a closed annular end face, with multiple primary outlets 4 evenly distributed around the end face. The primary outlets 4 are connected to the top of the second guide tube 5 by welding or integral molding. The sidewall of the truncated conical tube has a conical expansion structure, with the cross-sectional area gradually increasing from the top open end to the bottom end face, forming a hollow cavity. This allows the water flow to enter from the inlet and diffuse along the conical sidewall, then be diverted to each of the second guide tubes 5 through the primary outlets on the bottom end face.

[0031] The working principle of the heat exchanger head inlet structure provided by the utility model is as follows:

[0032] After the medium enters the first guide tube 3 through the inlet 2, it flows through the four primary outlets 4 evenly distributed around its bottom and is initially diverted to the four secondary guide tubes 5. Each secondary guide tube 5 further refines the diversion through three secondary outlets 6 arranged in an equilateral triangle at its bottom. The multiple secondary outlets 6, together with the guide pipes 7, cause the water flow to diffuse in an umbrella-like multi-stage manner, spreading the high-speed jet that was originally concentrated at the narrow inlet to a larger area.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger head inlet structure, comprising a head body (1), wherein an inlet (2) is provided at the upper end of the head body (1), characterized in that: The inlet (2) is connected to a flow guide assembly extending into the end cap. The flow guide assembly includes a first flow guide cylinder (3) coaxially connected to the inlet (2). The bottom of the first flow guide cylinder (3) has multiple primary outlets (4) distributed circumferentially. Each primary outlet (4) is connected to a second flow guide cylinder (5) extending downward. The bottom of each second flow guide cylinder (5) has multiple secondary outlets (6) distributed circumferentially. The total flow area of ​​all secondary outlets (6) is greater than the flow area of ​​the inlet (2).

2. The heat exchanger head inlet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end face of the first guide tube (3) is provided with four primary water outlets (4), and the lower end face of the second guide tube (5) is provided with three secondary water outlets (6).

3. The heat exchanger head inlet structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The primary outlet (4) has four outlets that are distributed at equal angles, and the secondary outlets (6) at the bottom of each secondary guide tube (5) are three and arranged in an equilateral triangle.

4. The heat exchanger head inlet structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center lines connecting the adjacent secondary outlets (6) of the adjacent second guide tubes (5) form a regular octagonal arrangement.

5. The heat exchanger head inlet structure according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The total flow area of ​​all primary outlets (4) is greater than that of inlet (2), and the total flow area of ​​all secondary outlets (6) is less than that of all primary outlets (4).

6. The heat exchanger head inlet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary outlet (6) is connected to a gradually expanding guide pipe (7), and the expansion angle of the guide pipe (7) is 10°~30°.

7. The heat exchanger head inlet structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of the first guide tube (3) and the second guide tube (5) gradually increase linearly along the axial direction from the opening end to the bottom end.

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