Automatic monitoring equipment and monitoring system for multi-source data of soil leaching

Abstract

The utility model provides automatic monitoring equipment and a monitoring system for multi-source data of soil leaching, which relate to the technical field of intelligent agriculture and comprise a bracket, and a meteorological sensor, a solar panel and a monitoring device which are arranged on the bracket, the meteorological sensor is connected with the solar cell panel; the monitoring device comprises a power supply module, a microprocessor, a signal acquisition module and a signal uploading module; the power supply module is connected with the solar cell panel; the microprocessor is connected with the power supply module; the signal acquisition module comprises an IO interface board connected with the microprocessor, the IO interface board is provided with a plurality of groups of sensor interfaces, and the meteorological sensor is connected with one group of sensor interfaces; the microprocessor receives and processes the data information transmitted by the signal acquisition module and transmits the data information to the signal uploading module, and the signal uploading module comprises a communication board and is used for transmitting the data information outwards. According to the utility model, the monitoring efficiency can be improved while the soil monitoring precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of smart agriculture technology, and in particular to an automatic monitoring device and system for multi-source data of soil leaching. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of smart agriculture, farmland nitrogen management has become a key aspect of agricultural non-point source pollution control.

[0003] In existing technologies, soil leaching monitoring mainly employs a method of fixed-point sampling combined with laboratory analysis. This involves deploying leaching tanks in farmland, manually or semi-automatically pumping water samples, measuring the water volume, and then testing nitrogen concentration in the laboratory. Additionally, soil water quality monitoring utilizes a single-parameter in-situ sensor network, distributing conductivity sensors (indirectly reflecting nitrogen concentration) and soil moisture sensors, and uploading data via wireless transmission modules. Alternatively, regional monitoring can be achieved through local integration of data from multiple nodes. However, water quality and quantity data are still collected independently using different methods and equipment, resulting in low system integration.

[0004] The existing technology has at least the following problems: (1) Non-in-situ monitoring leads to data lag. Traditional sampling requires manual intervention and the sampling frequency is limited (usually once a week). It cannot capture the instantaneous leaching peak after rainfall or irrigation, resulting in delayed pollution warnings. (2) Poor coordination among multiple systems. Water quality and water quantity monitoring equipment operate independently. The data formats are heterogeneous and lack a unified protocol. It requires manual integration in the later stage, which is inefficient and results in error accumulation. (3) Insufficient environmental adaptability and intelligence. Existing monitoring technology relies on manual intervention and lacks a dynamic correction mechanism to adapt to environmental changes. (4) It can only monitor a single soil layer (such as root layer or groundwater) and cannot obtain the complete dynamic of nitrogen migration path, resulting in poor pollution source tracing capabilities. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide an automatic monitoring device and system for multi-source data of soil leaching, so as to alleviate at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this utility model provides an automatic monitoring device for multi-source data of soil leaching, including a support frame, a meteorological sensor, a solar panel, and a monitoring device;

[0008] The weather sensor, the solar panel, and the monitoring device are all mounted on the bracket.

[0009] The weather sensor is connected to the solar panel;

[0010] The monitoring device includes a power supply module, a microprocessor, a signal acquisition module, and a signal upload module. The power supply module is connected to the solar panel. The microprocessor is connected to the power supply module. The signal acquisition module includes an I / O interface board connected to the microprocessor. The I / O interface board has multiple sets of sensor interfaces, and the meteorological sensor is connected to one set of sensor interfaces. The microprocessor receives and processes the data information transmitted by the signal acquisition module and transmits the data information to the signal upload module. The signal upload module includes a communication board for transmitting the data information externally.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring device further includes an attitude warning module; the attitude warning module includes an acceleration sensor and an alarm unit respectively connected to the microprocessor, the microprocessor is able to receive the acceleration value transmitted by the acceleration sensor and compare it with a preset threshold, and control the alarm unit to issue an alarm signal when the acceleration value exceeds the preset threshold range.

[0012] In an optional implementation, the attitude warning module further includes a tilt sensor connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor is able to receive the angle value transmitted by the tilt sensor and transmit the angle value to the signal uploading module so as to transmit the angle value information to the outside through the signal uploading module.

[0013] In an optional implementation, the signal uploading module includes at least one of an Ethernet communication board, a WIFI communication board, and a 4G communication board.

[0014] In an optional implementation, the power supply module includes a storage battery and a button cell battery; the storage battery and the button cell battery are respectively connected to the microprocessor, and the storage battery is connected to the solar panel.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring device further includes a camera; the signal acquisition module further includes an image acquisition board connected to the microprocessor, and the image acquisition board is connected to the camera.

[0016] In an optional implementation, the monitoring device further includes a host debugging module, which includes a Bluetooth module and a serial-to-USB module respectively connected to the microprocessor, for human-computer interaction between the user and the microprocessor.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data further includes an ultrasonic ranging device, which includes a rotating shaft, a rotating drive unit, a crossbar, and an ultrasonic generator.

[0018] The rotating shaft and the rotating drive unit are both mounted on the bracket. One end of the crossbar is fixed to the rotating shaft, and the other end extends toward one side of the bracket. The ultrasonic generator is mounted on the suspended end of the crossbar.

[0019] The microprocessor also includes an agricultural data acquisition module. The ultrasonic generator and the signal uploading module are both connected to the agricultural data acquisition module. The agricultural data acquisition module controls the working state of the ultrasonic generator, calculates the growth height of the crop based on the reflected wave of the ultrasonic generator, and transmits the growth height information of the crop to the signal uploading module so as to transmit the growth height information of the crop to the outside through the signal uploading module.

[0020] The rotary drive unit is connected to the rotating shaft, and the rotary drive unit can drive the rotating shaft to rotate so that the crossbar rotates in a horizontal circumferential direction around the bracket.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, the bracket has a wiring cavity inside.

[0022] In a second aspect, this utility model provides an automatic monitoring system for multi-source soil leaching data, including an automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data and multiple sensors provided in any optional embodiment of the first aspect.

[0023] Multiple sensors are vertically distributed in the soil at different depths and are respectively connected to each group of sensor interfaces on the IO interface board.

[0024] This utility model can achieve at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) It can collect multi-source data in situ and transmit all of these data to the central station, supporting the capture of instantaneous pollution events (such as capturing instantaneous leaching peaks) and avoiding pollution early warning delays;

[0026] (2) Overcome the problem of independent collection and spatiotemporal mismatch of water quality (e.g., nitrogen concentration) and water quantity (leaching flux) data, integrate and fuse multi-source heterogeneous data, eliminate the problem of multi-source data fragmentation, ensure data spatiotemporal consistency, provide reliable input for accurate calculation of leaching flux, and at the same time eliminate the manual splicing error of traditional soil leaching water quality and quantity monitoring, reduce error accumulation, and improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency.

[0027] For other beneficial effects that can be achieved by this utility model, please refer to the detailed description in the specific embodiments section of this application specification. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of telecommunications control logic provided for an embodiment of this utility model.

[0031] Icons: 1-Bracket; 11-Bracket tube; 12-Feet; 2-Weather sensor; 3-Solar panel; 4-Monitoring device; 5-Crossbar; 6-Shaft; 7-Ultrasonic generator. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the accompanying drawings indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent accompanying drawings.

[0035] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0037] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, outlines some embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides an automatic monitoring device for multi-source data on soil leaching, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data includes a support frame 1, a meteorological sensor 2, a solar panel 3, and a monitoring device 4.

[0041] Specifically, the meteorological sensor 2, solar panel 3, and monitoring device 4 are all mounted on the bracket 1. The meteorological sensor 2 is connected to the solar panel 3. The monitoring device 4 includes a power supply module, a microprocessor, a signal acquisition module, and a signal upload module; the power supply module is connected to the solar panel 3; the microprocessor is connected to the power supply module; the signal acquisition module includes an I / O interface board connected to the microprocessor, the I / O interface board has multiple sets of sensor interfaces, and the meteorological sensor 2 is connected to one of these sensor interfaces; the microprocessor receives and processes the data information transmitted by the signal acquisition module and transmits the data information to the signal upload module, the signal upload module includes a communication board for transmitting data information externally.

[0042] In use, sensors are pre-installed in the soil. These sensors include, but are not limited to, water quality sensors and water quantity sensors. Monitorable parameters include, but are not limited to, soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil moisture, soil water potential, soil leaching water volume, soil leaching ammonium nitrogen, soil leaching nitrate nitrogen, and soil leaching total nitrogen. These sensors are connected to the corresponding sensor interfaces of the signal acquisition module. Meteorological sensor 2 monitors information such as air temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. Meteorological sensor 2 and all the aforementioned sensors transmit all monitored information to the microprocessor. The microprocessor receives and processes the data from the signal acquisition module and then transmits this data to the signal upload module. The communication board of the signal upload module transmits the data (to the central station) for staff reference.

[0043] The automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data provided by this utility model can at least achieve the following:

[0044] Beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) It can collect multi-source data in situ and transmit all of these data to the central station, supporting the capture of instantaneous pollution events (such as capturing instantaneous leaching peaks) and avoiding pollution early warning delays;

[0046] (2) Overcome the problem of independent collection and spatiotemporal mismatch of water quality (e.g., nitrogen concentration) and water quantity (leaching flux) data, integrate and fuse multi-source heterogeneous data, eliminate the problem of multi-source data fragmentation, ensure data spatiotemporal consistency, provide reliable input for accurate calculation of leaching flux, and at the same time eliminate the manual splicing error of traditional soil leaching water quality and quantity monitoring, reduce error accumulation, and improve monitoring accuracy and efficiency.

[0047] It should be further noted that: In this utility model, the meteorological sensor 2 can be equipped with relevant meteorological monitoring parameters according to actual needs. A solar panel can provide power to the monitoring device and the meteorological sensor 2. The vertical mounting bracket can, to some extent, prevent the influence of crops in the field. A microprocessor is used as the core board, preferably but not limited to an MCU microprocessor. This utility model relates to the access and scheduling of multi-source heterogeneous signals, with high signal compatibility, supporting analog signals (0-5V voltage, 4-20mA current), digital signals (RS485, I2C), and frequency signals (0-10kHz pulse). It covers soil water quality parameters (soil temperature, soil conductivity, soil leachate ammonium nitrogen, soil leachate nitrate nitrogen, soil leachate total nitrogen, etc.), water quantity parameters (soil moisture, soil water potential, soil leaching water volume), and environmental parameters (air temperature, atmospheric relative humidity, rainfall, etc.), achieving comprehensive soil monitoring. Furthermore, this invention can also configure a signal conditioning circuit for the microprocessor, a low-noise instrumentation amplifier (AD8421) for weak current signals (nA level output), programmable gain (1-1000 times), an adaptive filtering circuit, an FPGA-based FIR digital filter, dynamically adjusting the cutoff frequency to suppress high-frequency noise in farmland, such as electromagnetic interference from large agricultural machinery, and features a multiplexing circuit, multi-channel pseudo-switching, switching time <100ns, and support for differential input mode. Channel priority logic is established, and in the event of a preset emergency (such as rainfall triggering or irrigation), high-priority channels (such as root zone moisture sensors) are automatically allocated. Based on a dynamic control system, this enables adaptive adjustment of data acquisition frequency and automatic compensation for environmental interference, improving monitoring intelligence and adaptability, and reducing labor costs. The business process of this automatic monitoring device can be configured, but is not limited to, as follows: Forward data flow: Analog / digital signals collected by multi-source water quality and quantity sensors are converted, filtered, quality controlled, stored, and finally transmitted. Reverse control of business flow: Based on environmental conditions (real-time monitoring and determination through soil root layer moisture sensors during rainfall or irrigation) and data quality, dynamically adjust the sensor working mode (such as increasing the sampling frequency).

[0048] Furthermore:

[0049] This automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data is installed in farmland soil. However, farmland operations often involve the use of large machinery, and the dense foliage of crops can obstruct the entire equipment. During tilling, sowing, and harvesting, improper operation, mechanical failure, or environmental factors can damage the monitoring equipment. This damage may include, but is not limited to, physical impacts, burial or displacement caused by soil compaction. To address this, in an optional embodiment, the monitoring device 4 is designed to include a posture warning module to monitor the equipment's posture in real time. If the equipment is collided with and its posture changes, a real-time on-site alarm is triggered to alert on-site personnel. Simultaneously, the real-time status signal of the equipment can be sent to central station staff for monitoring.

[0050] Specifically, the attitude warning module includes an accelerometer and an alarm unit connected to a microprocessor. The microprocessor receives the acceleration value transmitted by the accelerometer and compares it with a preset threshold. When the acceleration value exceeds the preset threshold range, the microprocessor controls the alarm unit to issue an alarm signal. When the equipment support 1 is struck by a large agricultural machine, the accelerometer senses an accelerating impact force at the moment of impact and can monitor the equipment's acceleration value in real time. When the acceleration value exceeds the set threshold, it immediately alerts on-site personnel through sound and / or flashing alarms. Furthermore, the attitude warning module may also include a tilt sensor connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor receives the angle value transmitted by the tilt sensor and transmits it to a signal upload module for external transmission of the angle information. The tilt sensor enables three-dimensional spatial positioning. If excessive force causes the support 1 to tilt or bend, the tilt sensor can feed back the attitude, i.e., the tilt angle, of the monitoring device 4 fixed on the support 1 to the central station staff, allowing them to obtain real-time information on the extent of equipment damage.

[0051] In an optional embodiment of this invention, the signal upload module includes at least one of an Ethernet communication board, a Wi-Fi communication board, and a 4G communication board. Real-time data transmission is crucial in soil leaching water quality and quantity monitoring. Wi-Fi, 4G, and Ethernet, as wireless and wired transmission methods, each have unique characteristics and applicable scenarios: The Wi-Fi communication board enables wireless data transmission, requiring no wiring, offering flexible installation and fast transmission speeds, suitable for large data volume transmission; however, its coverage is limited and it is significantly affected by environmental factors. The 4G communication board enables wireless data transmission, offering fast transmission speeds and good stability, suitable for real-time data transmission; however, it relies on mobile communication networks and may be affected by signal coverage and network congestion. The Ethernet communication board enables wired data transmission, providing stable and reliable transmission, fast transmission speeds, and high bandwidth, suitable for large data volume transmission; however, it requires a stable power supply and network cabling near the monitoring point. Preferably, all these types are designed into the signal upload module, so that in practical applications, the advantages and disadvantages of the three transmission methods (Wi-Fi, 4G, and Ethernet) can be comprehensively considered based on the specific conditions and needs of the monitoring point, allowing for the selection of the most suitable transmission method or combination thereof. For example, in scenarios where there is available WiFi network coverage near the monitoring point and a certain transmission speed is required, WiFi transmission can be chosen; in scenarios requiring real-time and stable data transmission, 4G transmission can be chosen; and in scenarios where there is a stable power supply and network cabling conditions near the monitoring point and a large amount of data needs to be transmitted, Ethernet transmission can be chosen. At the same time, a multi-link backup transmission strategy can be established to improve the reliability and stability of data transmission.

[0052] In an optional embodiment of this invention, the power supply module includes a storage battery and a button cell battery; the storage battery and the button cell battery are respectively connected to the microprocessor, and the storage battery is connected to the solar panel 3. The storage battery generally refers to a lead-acid battery, which is used to store the power converted from solar energy and provide DC power to the monitoring device; the button cell battery serves as a backup power source.

[0053] In an optional embodiment of this example, the monitoring device 4 further includes a camera; the signal acquisition module further includes an image acquisition board connected to the microprocessor. The image acquisition board is connected to the camera and periodically captures on-site photos through the camera. The image acquisition board receives the output signal from the camera, captures on-site images captured by the camera in real time or at regular intervals, converts them into a digital format that can be processed by a computer, transmits them to the microprocessor, and reports them to the central station by the signal reporting module.

[0054] In an optional embodiment of this invention, the monitoring device 4 further includes a host debugging module. This module includes a Bluetooth module and a serial-to-USB module, both connected to the microprocessor, for human-machine interaction between the user and the microprocessor. The Bluetooth module enables wireless communication between the monitoring device 4 and terminals such as mobile phones, eliminating the need for a physical connection. In the field, mobile phones and other terminals can wirelessly connect to the monitoring device 4 for debugging, data acquisition, and other functions. The serial-to-USB module converts serial signals to USB signals, enabling wired connections between traditional serial devices and computer systems, thus expanding the application range of the monitoring device 4.

[0055] In an optional embodiment of this invention, the automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data further includes an ultrasonic ranging device, which comprises a rotating shaft 6, a rotation drive unit, a crossbar 5, and an ultrasonic generator 7. The rotating shaft 6 and the rotation drive unit are both mounted on the support 1. One end of the crossbar 5 is fixed to the rotating shaft 6, and the other end extends towards one side of the support 1. The ultrasonic generator 7 is mounted on the suspended end of the crossbar 5. The microprocessor also includes a crop data acquisition module. The ultrasonic generator 7 and the signal upload module are both connected to the crop data acquisition module. The crop data acquisition module controls the working state of the ultrasonic generator 7, calculates the crop growth height based on the reflected waves from the ultrasonic generator 7, and transmits the crop growth height information to the signal upload module for external transmission. In this optional embodiment, the ultrasonic ranging device monitors the growth of surrounding crops, assisting staff in decision-making and management. This method directly measures and monitors the crop growth height by emitting ultrasonic waves to the crops and measuring the reflection time difference. The measurement process does not require contact with the plants, avoiding damage to the plants caused by traditional manual measurements. The rotary drive unit is connected to the rotating shaft 6, which can drive the rotating shaft 6 to rotate so that the crossbar 5 can rotate within 360° in the horizontal circumferential direction around the bracket 1 (the rotary drive unit can be, but is not limited to, a rotary motor or a rotary cylinder). This design expands the range of ultrasonic measurement of crop growth height from a fixed point to a dynamic four-circle area. The expansion of the monitoring area makes the data more representative.

[0056] In an optional embodiment of this invention, the bracket 1 has a wiring cavity inside. The bracket 1 includes a bracket tube 11 and legs 12. The cavity of the bracket tube 11 serves as the wiring cavity, where power devices and communication cables can be laid to protect them. The bracket tube 11 is preferably, but not limited to, made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength stainless steel to ensure the stability and reliability of the equipment during long-term operation. Furthermore, the bracket tube 11 is preferably designed as a telescopic tube whose height and position can be adjusted according to actual monitoring needs, facilitating use by personnel and improving the accuracy and representativeness of monitoring data.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] This embodiment provides an automatic monitoring system for multi-source soil leaching data. The system includes the automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data provided in any optional implementation of Embodiment 1 and multiple sensors. These sensors are vertically distributed in the soil at different depths and are respectively connected to each group of sensor interfaces on the IO interface board.

[0059] These sensors are ideally distributed across the root zone, vadose zone, and groundwater layers of the soil to monitor data in situ, improving data reliability. By constructing a comprehensive, stratified monitoring system covering the root zone, vadose zone, and groundwater, the system enables complete dynamic capture of nitrogen migration pathways, enhancing pollution source tracing capabilities. Furthermore, a dynamic priority scheduling mechanism and event-triggered mode can be configured for the microprocessor. During rainfall / irrigation events, the root zone water volume (moisture) sensor and water quality sensor simultaneously initiate high-frequency data acquisition, enhancing the intelligence and adaptability of the monitoring.

[0060] For other beneficial effects that can be achieved in this embodiment, please refer to the optional or preferred implementation methods in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. The above embodiments in this specification are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An automatic monitoring device for multi-source data on soil leaching, characterized in that, It includes a support frame (1), a weather sensor (2), a solar panel (3), and a monitoring device (4); The meteorological sensor (2), the solar panel (3), and the monitoring device (4) are all mounted on the bracket (1); The weather sensor (2) is connected to the solar panel (3); The monitoring device (4) includes a power supply module, a microprocessor, a signal acquisition module, and a signal upload module; the power supply module is connected to the solar panel (3); the microprocessor is connected to the power supply module; the signal acquisition module includes an IO interface board connected to the microprocessor, the IO interface board has multiple sets of sensor interfaces, and the meteorological sensor (2) is connected to one of the sensor interfaces; the microprocessor receives and processes the data information transmitted by the signal acquisition module and transmits the data information to the signal upload module, the signal upload module includes a communication board for transmitting the data information externally.

2. The automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device (4) further includes an attitude warning module; the attitude warning module includes an acceleration sensor and an alarm unit respectively connected to the microprocessor, the microprocessor can receive the acceleration value transmitted by the acceleration sensor and compare it with a preset threshold, and control the alarm unit to issue an alarm signal when the acceleration value exceeds the preset threshold range.

3. The automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The attitude warning module also includes a tilt sensor connected to the microprocessor. The microprocessor can receive the angle value transmitted by the tilt sensor and transmit the angle value to the signal uploading module so as to transmit the angle value information to the outside through the signal uploading module.

4. The automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The signal uploading module includes at least one of an Ethernet communication board, a WIFI communication board, and a 4G communication board.

5. The automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The power supply module includes a storage battery and a button battery; the storage battery and the button battery are respectively connected to the microprocessor, and the storage battery is connected to the solar panel (3).

6. The automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The monitoring device (4) also includes a camera; the signal acquisition module also includes an image acquisition board connected to the microprocessor, and the image acquisition board is connected to the camera.

7. The automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The monitoring device (4) also includes a host debugging module, which includes a Bluetooth module and a serial-to-USB module connected to the microprocessor respectively, so as to enable human-computer interaction between the user and the microprocessor.

8. The automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source data of soil leaching also includes an ultrasonic ranging device, which includes a rotating shaft (6), a rotating drive unit, a crossbar (5), and an ultrasonic generator (7). The rotating shaft (6) and the rotating drive unit are both mounted on the bracket (1). One end of the crossbar (5) is fixed to the rotating shaft (6), and the other end extends toward the bracket (1). The ultrasonic generator (7) is mounted on the suspended end of the crossbar (5). The microprocessor also includes an agricultural data acquisition module. The ultrasonic generator (7) and the signal uploading module are both connected to the agricultural data acquisition module. The agricultural data acquisition module controls the working state of the ultrasonic generator (7), calculates the growth height of the crop based on the reflected wave of the ultrasonic generator (7), and transmits the growth height information of the crop to the signal uploading module so as to transmit the growth height information of the crop to the outside through the signal uploading module. The rotary drive unit is connected to the rotating shaft (6) for transmission. The rotary drive unit can drive the rotating shaft (6) to rotate so that the crossbar (5) rotates in the horizontal circumferential direction around the bracket (1).

9. The automatic monitoring equipment for multi-source soil leaching data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (1) has a wiring cavity inside.

10. An automatic monitoring system for multi-source data on soil leaching, characterized in that: Includes the automatic monitoring device for multi-source soil leaching data as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 and multiple sensors; Multiple sensors are vertically distributed in the soil at different depths and are respectively connected to each group of sensor interfaces on the IO interface board.

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