Smoke exhaust flow guide device, battery and electric equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to a smoke exhaust flow guide device, a battery and electric equipment. The smoke exhaust flow guide device comprises smoke exhaust flow guide hoods, and the smoke exhaust flow guide hoods are used for being connected with a box body of the battery in a sealed mode and correspond to anti-explosion valves of the battery in a one-to-one mode; the smoke exhaust flow guide cover comprises a contraction section and a first expansion section which are sequentially connected and communicated in the axial direction of the smoke exhaust flow guide cover, and in the axial direction of the smoke exhaust flow guide cover, the cross section area of the contraction section is gradually reduced, and the cross section area of the first expansion section is gradually increased. According to the smoke exhaust flow guide device, the battery and the electric equipment, potential safety hazards can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a smoke exhaust and diversion device, a battery, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] The new energy industry is developing rapidly, and with the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, people are becoming increasingly aware of the safety risks associated with them. When a cell in a battery experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure fumes released during this event rapidly accumulate inside the battery casing. If the pressure is not released in time, the battery casing may not be able to withstand the high-temperature, high-pressure fumes and could rupture, leading to a deflagration.

[0003] Therefore, one or more explosion-proof valves are usually installed on the battery casing. When the high temperature and high pressure flue gas from thermal runaway accumulates to the opening pressure, the explosion-proof valve opens to release the gas, so that the gas pressure inside the battery is maintained within a range that the casing can withstand.

[0004] However, when high-temperature flue gas from thermal runaway is ejected from the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve, it is easy to generate an open flame at the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve, which poses a significant safety hazard. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a smoke exhaust and diversion device, battery, and electrical equipment that can reduce safety hazards in response to the above problems.

[0006] A smoke exhaust guiding device includes a smoke exhaust guiding hood, which is used for sealing connection with the battery housing, and the smoke exhaust guiding hood corresponds one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve of the battery.

[0007] The smoke exhaust hood includes a contraction section and a first expansion section that are connected and communicated sequentially along its axial direction. Along the axial direction of the smoke exhaust hood, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section gradually decreases, while the cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section gradually increases.

[0008] In some embodiments, the smoke exhaust hood further includes a throat section that connects and communicates between the contraction section and the first expansion section;

[0009] The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section is S1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat section is S2, and the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section is S3, where S2≤S1 and S2≤S3.

[0010] In some embodiments, the smoke exhaust guide device further includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins, all of which are spaced apart in the first expansion section along a direction intersecting the axial direction of the smoke exhaust guide hood, and are divided into a plurality of smoke exhaust channels in the first expansion section.

[0011] In some embodiments, the inner walls of the throat section and the first expansion section are coated with a phase change material coating, and / or the outer surface of the heat dissipation fins is coated with a phase change material coating.

[0012] In some embodiments, the contraction section includes two first inclined plates and two first straight plates arranged opposite to each other. Either of the two first inclined plates of the contraction section gradually approaches the other of the two first inclined plates in the axial direction of the smoke exhaust hood, and the included angle between the two first inclined plates is α, 55°≤α≤65°. Both of the two first straight plates of the contraction section are connected between the two first inclined plates.

[0013] In some embodiments, the contraction segment and the first expansion segment are arranged symmetrically.

[0014] In some embodiments, the smoke exhaust hood further includes a second expansion section disposed at the head of the contraction section opposite to the first expansion section, and connected and communicating with the contraction section. In the axial direction of the smoke exhaust hood, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second expansion section gradually increases.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second expansion section includes two second inclined plates and two second straight plates arranged opposite to each other, one of the two second inclined plates gradually moving away from the other of the two second inclined plates in the axial direction of the smoke exhaust guide hood, and the included angle between the two second inclined plates is β, 40°≤β≤50°, and the two second straight plates are both connected between the two second inclined plates.

[0016] A battery comprising:

[0017] The enclosure has an explosion-proof valve port on it;

[0018] An explosion-proof valve, corresponding one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve port, the explosion-proof valve passing through the corresponding explosion-proof valve port;

[0019] As described in any of the above embodiments, the constriction section faces the explosion-proof valve in the smoke exhaust guiding device.

[0020] An electrical device, characterized in that it includes a battery as described in the above embodiments.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The aforementioned smoke exhaust guiding device, battery, and electrical equipment, due to the presence of the contraction section and the first expansion section, can confine the vortex negative pressure zone formed at the explosion-proof valve within the contraction section and achieve positive pressure oxygen blocking, preventing oxygen from entering the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve. Therefore, the probability of open flames occurring inside the smoke exhaust guiding hood and at the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve is low. Furthermore, the presence of the contraction section and the first expansion section of the smoke exhaust guiding hood reduces the temperature and velocity of the flue gas flowing through it, thus lowering the possibility of the flue gas burning and producing open flames outside the hood. Moreover, due to the guiding effect of the contraction section and the first expansion section, no vortex negative pressure zone will form at the smoke exhaust port of the first expansion section. Therefore, as can be seen from the above, the smoke exhaust guiding hood in this application reduces the generation of open flames and effectively reduces the safety hazards of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smoke exhaust guide device, explosion-proof valve, and plate in one embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the smoke exhaust guiding device shown along the AA direction;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smoke exhaust guide device and the explosion-proof valve and plate in another embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the smoke exhaust guiding device along the BB direction is shown.

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of structure C in the smoke exhaust diversion device shown;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plate and the explosion-proof valve in one embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plate component in one embodiment of this application.

[0030] Icon labels:

[0031] 1000, battery;

[0032] 100. Smoke exhaust diversion device; 200. Plate component; 300. Explosion-proof valve;

[0033] 10. Smoke exhaust shroud; 20. Heat dissipation fins; 30. Phase change material coating;

[0034] 11. Contraction section; 111. First inclined plate; 112. First straight plate; 12. Throat section; 13. First expansion section; 14. Second expansion section; 141. Second inclined plate; 142. Second straight plate; 15. Smoke exhaust channel;

[0035] 210. Explosion-proof valve port;

[0036] 310. Pressure relief port;

[0037] X, axial direction. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0044] Battery safety is particularly important during use, especially in new energy vehicles. However, in recent years, accidents such as vehicle fires caused by battery thermal runaway have occurred frequently. When a vehicle catches fire, it can easily cause burns to people or damage to property, resulting in personal injury or property loss to users.

[0045] In related technologies, the focus is usually on how to reduce battery thermal runaway; however, despite this, it is still difficult to completely avoid battery thermal runaway. In this case, it becomes particularly important to further reduce the chain reaction after thermal runaway and minimize the damage to people and property caused by thermal runaway.

[0046] The applicant used this as a starting point and found that batteries in related technologies usually have explosion-proof valves. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature fumes that are ejected from the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve can easily generate open flames, thereby burning people or damaging property. Therefore, one way to prevent injury to people or property is to reduce the probability of open flames generated by the fumes ejected from the explosion-proof valve.

[0047] The applicant's in-depth research revealed that open flames are mostly caused by two reasons: First, for some high-energy batteries, the high-temperature flue gas generated during thermal runaway is even hotter, so much so that when it is discharged to the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas can still reach the ignition point of the combustible gas inside. Moreover, the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve is usually annular. When the high-temperature flue gas rushes out of the annular pressure relief port, due to the influence of eddies, the flue gas forms a vortex negative pressure zone around the explosion-proof valve, causing air to accumulate in this vortex negative pressure zone. In this situation, the combustible gas that has reached its ignition point mixes with the oxygen in the air accumulated in the vortex negative pressure zone, igniting an open flame. Second, in addition to releasing high-temperature flue gas, thermal runaway also contains a large number of smoke particles. Especially for ternary batteries, the supersonic smoke particles released during thermal runaway may spontaneously ignite the combustible gas discharged with it when discharged from the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve. Furthermore, due to the support of the oxygen in the air accumulated in the vortex negative pressure zone, an open flame is then ignited at the pressure relief port of the explosion-proof valve.

[0048] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 7 In view of this, this application provides a smoke exhaust guiding device 100, which includes a smoke exhaust guiding hood 10. The smoke exhaust guiding hood 10 is used for a sealed connection with the casing of the battery 1000, and the smoke exhaust guiding hood 10 corresponds one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve 300 of the battery 1000. The smoke exhaust guiding hood 10 includes a contraction section 11 and a first expansion section 13 connected and communicating sequentially along its axial direction X. Along the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust guiding hood 10, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11 gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section 13 gradually increases.

[0049] The smoke exhaust hood 10 is typically made of high-temperature resistant metal materials, such as steel, iron, or other metal alloys. Smoke exhaust hoods 10 made of high-temperature resistant metal materials are not only unaffected by the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas, but also generally possess superior mechanical strength, resulting in a lower risk of deformation under pressure during the flow of high-temperature flue gas. Furthermore, metal materials generally have thermal conductivity, which allows them to transfer heat from the high-temperature flue gas to the external environment, thereby reducing the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas and minimizing the occurrence of open flames.

[0050] The smoke exhaust hood 10 is a shell-shaped part with a certain internal cavity. After the smoke exhaust hood 10 is connected to the housing, a space for high-temperature flue gas to flow is formed inside the smoke exhaust hood 10. The smoke exhaust hood 10 is sealed to the housing of the battery 1000, and the smoke exhaust hood 10 corresponds one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve 300 of the battery 1000. Therefore, when the smoke exhaust hood 10 is fitted onto the corresponding explosion-proof valve 300, after the explosion-proof valve 300 is triggered, the high-temperature flue gas will not flow out along the gap between the smoke exhaust hood 10 and the housing, but will only flow out after passing through the smoke exhaust hood 10. In this application, the flue gas ejected from the explosion-proof valve 300 surrounds the vortex negative pressure zone formed (such as... Figure 2The area shown in the middle j region is located inside the smoke exhaust hood 10.

[0051] Due to the installation of the smoke exhaust hood 10, the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the explosion-proof valve 300 (the high-temperature flue gas along...) Figure 2 The explosion-proof valve 300 is ejected in the directions indicated by arrows a and b. (Arrows a and b only represent two flow directions of the flue gas, not that the flue gas can only flow in the two directions indicated by arrows a and b.) The flue gas is contained within the exhaust hood 10 and flows a certain distance before being discharged from the exhaust hood 10. The high-temperature flue gas is contained within the exhaust hood 10, and the resulting air pressure within the exhaust hood 10 is relatively high, even greater than the air pressure of the external environment. This reduces or even prevents outside air from entering the exhaust hood 10 and accumulating in the vortex negative pressure zone, forming a positive pressure oxygen barrier. Therefore, the possibility of open flame at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 is low. Moreover, within the exhaust hood 10, the overall flow direction of the high-temperature flue gas is roughly along the axial direction X of the exhaust hood 10, resulting in smoother flue gas discharge and high exhaust efficiency.

[0052] Furthermore, within the exhaust hood 10, the high-temperature flue gas first enters the contraction section 11. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11 gradually decreases along the axial direction X of the exhaust hood 10, during the flow of the high-temperature flue gas, it will not be directly discharged from the exhaust port of the contraction section 11 into the first expansion section 13. Instead, it will collide with the inner wall of the contraction section 11 and flow for a certain distance within the contraction section 11 before flowing out from the exhaust port of the contraction section 11 (the flow direction of the flue gas within the contraction section 11 is as follows). Figure 2 The directions indicated by arrows c to g, c to d to g, e to h, e to f to h, etc., only represent some directions of flue gas flow and do not mean that flue gas can only flow along these directions.

[0053] In this process, on the one hand, the high-temperature flue gas collides with the inner wall of the contraction section 11, and its flow direction changes in a short time. Some flue gas rebounds and flows towards and fills the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300, thereby reducing or eliminating the vortex negative pressure zone. This reduces the impact of the vortex negative pressure and lowers the risk of combustible gas in the high-temperature flue gas being ignited by contact with oxygen in the vortex negative pressure zone. Moreover, in this embodiment, the vortex negative pressure zone is usually located in the area of ​​the contraction section 11 near its smoke inlet. Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11 gradually decreases along the axial direction X of the exhaust guide hood 10, the degree of flue gas accumulation in the area of ​​the contraction section 11 near its exhaust outlet is higher than that in the area of ​​the contraction section 11 near its smoke inlet. Therefore, the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300 can be confined to the area of ​​the contraction section 11 near its smoke inlet, and oxygen is prevented from entering the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300, further achieving positive pressure oxygen blocking. On the other hand, after the high-temperature flue gas collides with the inner wall of the contraction section 11, it is subject to the resistance of the inner wall, its kinetic energy is reduced, and its flow velocity will decrease. Moreover, after colliding with the inner wall of the contraction section 11, its flow direction changes and its flow path becomes longer. The temperature and flow velocity of the high-temperature flue gas will decrease to a certain extent. Therefore, the high-temperature flue gas discharged outside the exhaust hood 10 is less likely to cause friction.

[0054] Furthermore, the high-temperature flue gas, after its temperature and velocity have decreased, flows out of the exhaust port of the converging section 11 and enters the first expanding section 13. After flowing for a certain distance within the first expanding section 13, it is finally discharged from the exhaust port of the first expanding section 13, away from the converging section 11 (the flow direction of the flue gas within the first expanding section 13 is as follows). Figure 2 The arrows K, m, and n indicate that the flow directions described above only represent some directions of flue gas flow and do not mean that the flue gas can only flow along these directions. Because the cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section 13 gradually increases along the axial direction X of the exhaust hood 10, the diffusion space of the high-temperature flue gas gradually increases as it flows within the first expansion section 13. As the high-temperature flue gas diffuses into a larger space, its heat is also dissipated into that larger space, increasing the heat loss and causing the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas to decrease. At the same time, the pressure of the high-temperature flue gas also decreases as it diffuses into a larger space, thus reducing the flue gas velocity. Therefore, the final flue gas temperature and velocity discharged from the first expansion section 13 are both low. The combustible gas fails to reach its ignition point at the exhaust port of the first expansion section 13 and will not ignite with the reduced-velocity smoke particles, further reducing the occurrence of open flames and minimizing safety hazards.

[0055] In summary, due to the presence of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13, the vortex negative pressure zone formed at the explosion-proof valve 300 can be confined within the contraction section 11, achieving positive pressure oxygen barrier and preventing oxygen from entering the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300. Therefore, the probability of open flames occurring within the smoke exhaust hood 10 and at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 is low. Furthermore, the presence of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 of the smoke exhaust hood 10 reduces the temperature and velocity of the flue gas flowing through it, thus lowering the likelihood of the flue gas burning and producing open flames outside the hood 10. Moreover, due to the guiding effect of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13, a vortex negative pressure zone will not form at the exhaust port of the first expansion section 13. Therefore, as can be seen from the above, the smoke exhaust hood 10 in this application reduces the generation of open flames and effectively lowers the safety hazards of the battery 1000.

[0056] For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 can be circular, square, rectangular or other shapes, which can be set according to the requirements.

[0057] Please see Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the smoke exhaust hood 10 further includes a throat section 12, which connects and communicates between the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13. The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11 is S1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat section 12 is S2, and the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section 13 is S3, where S2 ≤ S1 and S2 ≤ S3.

[0058] The throat section 12 connects and links the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13, making the smoke exhaust hood 10 roughly "dumbbell" shaped. There are rounded corners between the throat section 12 and the contraction section 11, and between the throat section 12 and the first expansion section 13.

[0059] The cross-sectional area of ​​the throat segment 12 can be circular, square, rectangular or other shapes, which can be set according to the requirements.

[0060] The cross-sectional area of ​​the throat section 12 is less than or equal to the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11, and also less than or equal to the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section 13. During the process of flue gas flowing from the contraction section 11 into the throat section 12 (the flow direction of the flue gas into the throat section 12 is as follows...), Figure 2 The directions indicated by arrows g and h only represent some flow directions of the flue gas and do not mean that the flue gas can only flow along these directions. Because the throat section 12 is relatively narrow, the flue gas flowing into the throat section 12 is accelerated compared to the flue gas near the exhaust port of the contraction section 11, thus increasing the flue gas velocity within the throat section 12 (the flow direction of the flue gas within the throat section 12 is as follows). Figure 2(The direction indicated by arrow i represents only one flow direction of the flue gas and does not mean that the flue gas can only flow in this direction.) The degree of flue gas acceleration within the throat section 12 is related to the narrowness of the throat section 12. To improve the stability and simplicity of the exhaust hood 10 structure, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat section 12 is typically designed to be slightly smaller than the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section 11 and also slightly smaller than the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section 13. In this embodiment, the flue gas in the throat section 12 is slightly accelerated before entering the first expansion section 13. Due to the sudden increase in space, the deceleration of the accelerated flue gas entering the first expansion section 13 is more significant than the deceleration of the flue gas before acceleration, thereby reducing the flow velocity of the flue gas within the first expansion section 13. This ensures that the flue gas flowing out of the expansion section will not experience friction due to its low flow velocity, resulting in higher safety.

[0061] In the test experiment, the smoke exhaust hood 10 was installed on the casing of the battery 1000. Measurements showed that the smoke exhaust from the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300, after passing through the smoke exhaust hood 10, resulted in a smoke exhaust velocity at the exhaust port of the first expansion section 13 that was at least 85% lower than that at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300, and a smoke exhaust temperature that was at least 50% lower. Specifically, the smoke temperature at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 was approximately 300°C, and the smoke exhaust velocity was approximately 13 m / s. The smoke temperature measured at the exhaust port of the first expansion section 13 of the smoke exhaust hood 10 was approximately 140°C, and the smoke exhaust velocity was approximately 1.6 m / s. Therefore, it is evident that after installing the smoke exhaust hood 10 of the above embodiment of this application on the battery 1000, the velocity and temperature of the smoke generated by thermal runaway are significantly reduced, thereby greatly reducing the probability of open flame.

[0062] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the smoke exhaust guide device 100 further includes a plurality of heat dissipation fins 20, all of which are arranged at intervals in the first expansion section 13 along a direction intersecting the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust guide hood 10, and are divided into a plurality of smoke exhaust channels 15 in the first expansion section 13.

[0063] For example, taking the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust hood 10 as the horizontal direction, the direction intersecting with the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust hood 10 can be the vertical direction, or it can be another horizontal direction that is perpendicular to the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust hood 10.

[0064] All heat dissipation fins 20 are spaced apart, and in all the arrangement directions of the heat dissipation fins 20, between the first heat dissipation fin 20 and the inner wall of the first expansion section 13 facing the first heat dissipation fin 20, between every two adjacent heat dissipation fins 20, and between the last heat dissipation fin 20 and the inner wall of the first expansion section 13 facing the last heat dissipation fin 20, a smoke exhaust channel 15 is defined.

[0065] For example, the heat sink fins 20 can be made of aluminum, copper or other metals with high thermal conductivity.

[0066] The flue gas flowing out from the throat section 12 enters the first expansion section 13 and is then discharged through each exhaust channel 15. During this process, the flue gas comes into contact with each heat dissipation fin 20 and transfers heat to the fins, thus lowering the temperature of the flue gas itself. Therefore, the temperature of the combustible gas in the flue gas discharged after flowing through the first expansion section 13 cannot reach its ignition point, further reducing the risk of open flame and improving safety.

[0067] In some embodiments, the inner walls of the throat section 12 and the first expansion section 13 are covered with a phase change material coating 30, and / or the outer surface of the heat dissipation fins 20 is covered with a phase change material coating 30.

[0068] Preferably, the inner walls of the throat section 12 and the first expansion section 13, as well as the outer surface of the heat dissipation fins 20, are all covered with a phase change material coating 30.

[0069] For example, the thickness of the phase change material coating 30 can be 1 mm, 2 mm or other thicknesses, which can be set according to requirements.

[0070] The phase change material coating 30 is generally understood as a solid coating that undergoes a phase change upon heating to form a liquid or gaseous state. For example, the phase change material coating 30 can be a paraffin-based coating, a fatty acid-based coating, an inorganic hydrated salt coating, etc., and can be specifically set according to requirements.

[0071] Taking the phase change material coating 30 as an example, which forms a gaseous state after being heated and is covered with the phase change material coating 30 on the inner wall of the throat section 12 and the first expansion section 13, as well as the outer surface of the heat dissipation fins 20, when the high-temperature flue gas flows through the throat section 12 and each exhaust channel 15, the phase change material coating 30 on the inner wall of the throat section, the inner wall of the expansion section, and each heat dissipation fin 20 absorbs the heat of the flue gas and forms a phase change to form an airflow that is discharged to the outside of the exhaust hood 10. This makes the temperature of the flue gas decrease sequentially as it flows through the throat section 12 and each exhaust channel 15. Therefore, the temperature of the combustible gas in the flue gas discharged from the first expansion section 13 cannot reach its ignition point, further reducing the risk of open flame.

[0072] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the phase change material coating 30 is not applied to the contraction section 11. Therefore, the temperature drop of the flue gas in the contraction section 11 is not as significant as that in the first expansion section 13. Higher temperatures result in higher flue gas velocity and pressure, allowing the flue gas to generate greater pressure within the contraction section 11. This makes it difficult for external air to enter the contraction section 11 and fill the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300, thus creating positive pressure oxygen barrier with good oxygen barrier effect.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the contraction section 11 includes two first inclined plates 111 arranged opposite to each other and two first straight plates 112 arranged opposite to each other. Either of the two first inclined plates 111 of the contraction section 11 gradually approaches the other of the two first inclined plates 111 in the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust guide hood 10, and the included angle between the two first inclined plates 111 is α, 55°≤α≤65°. Both first straight plates 112 of the contraction section 11 are connected between the two first inclined plates 111.

[0074] For example, taking the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust hood 10 as the left and right direction, the two first inclined plates 111 of the smoke exhaust hood can be spaced apart along the vertical direction perpendicular to the left and right direction, and the two first straight plates 112 can be spaced apart along the front and back direction perpendicular to both the left and right direction and the vertical direction.

[0075] Alternatively, α can be 55°, 60°, 65°, etc.

[0076] By designing the included angle of the two first inclined plates 111 to be α, where 55°≤α≤65°, the degree of contraction between the two first inclined plates 111 is appropriate. During the flow of flue gas, the flue gas changes its flow direction by colliding with the first inclined plates 111. On the one hand, the flue gas flows back to the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300, which can reduce or even eliminate the formation of the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300. On the other hand, as the size of the contraction section 11 continuously contracts, the flue gas can also gather in the area near its exhaust port of the contraction section 11 and form a large air pressure in this area to prevent oxygen from entering the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300 through this area, thus achieving positive pressure oxygen blocking.

[0077] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 are arranged symmetrically, that is, the first expansion section 13 and the contraction section 11 have the same structure but are arranged in opposite ways.

[0078] In this embodiment, the overall weight distribution of the smoke exhaust hood 10 is uniform, facilitating its stable installation on the housing. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the included angle between the two first inclined plates 111 of the first expansion section 13 is 55°≤α≤65°. Along the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust hood 10, the spatial volume of the first expansion section 13 expands significantly, allowing the flow velocity of the flue gas entering the first expansion section 13 to be rapidly reduced, thereby effectively achieving flue gas deceleration.

[0079] It is worth mentioning that, in this embodiment, the throat section 12 can be designed as a hollow cuboid shape, which has a top plate and a bottom plate arranged opposite each other in the vertical direction, and a front side plate and a rear side plate arranged opposite each other in the front-back direction. The two first inclined plates 111 on the top side of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 are integrally formed with the top plate of the throat section 12, the two first inclined plates 111 on the bottom side of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 are integrally formed with the bottom plate of the throat section 12, the two first straight plates 112 on the front side of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 are integrally formed with the front side plate of the throat section 12, and the two first straight plates 112 on the rear side of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 are integrally formed with the rear side plate of the throat section 12.

[0080] In this application, the front, back, left, right, and vertical directions are all defined by... Figure 1 The location of the central exhaust hood 10 is used as a reference.

[0081] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the smoke exhaust hood 10 further includes a second expansion section 14, which is disposed at the head of the contraction section 11 facing away from the first expansion section 13 and is connected and communicated with the contraction section 11. In the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust hood 10, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second expansion section 14 gradually increases.

[0082] In this embodiment, the smoke exhaust hood 10 is roughly shaped like a goldfish. The combination of the second expansion section 14 and the contraction section 11 forms the head of the goldfish, the throat section 12 forms the body of the goldfish, and the first expansion section 13 forms the tail of the goldfish.

[0083] The explosion-proof valve 300 and the vortex negative pressure zone formed at the explosion-proof valve 300 are both located within the second expansion section 14.

[0084] Initially, the flue gas flow direction from the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 is diversified (high-temperature flue gas flows along...). Figure 4 The explosion-proof valve 300 is ejected in the directions indicated by arrows p, q, and r. (Arrows p, q, and r only represent three flow directions of the flue gas; they do not mean that the flue gas can only be ejected in the three directions indicated by arrows p, q, and r.) The second expansion section 14 can guide the flue gas to climb and flow along the inner wall of the second expansion section 14 (e.g., ...). Figure 4The direction indicated by the middle arrow 's' represents only one possible direction of flue gas flow, and does not imply that the flue gas can only flow in this direction. Thus, when the flue gas enters the contraction section 11, it collides with the inner wall of the contraction section 11 and its flow direction changes (the flow direction of the flue gas within the contraction section 11 is as follows...). Figure 4 The directions indicated by arrows t to u to v, or t to w (these directions only represent two possible flow directions for the flue gas, and do not imply that the flue gas can only flow along these two directions), prevent the flue gas flow from becoming too chaotic and forming turbulence. It is understandable that turbulence can easily cause the flue gas to rotate, leading to air entrainment within the exhaust hood 10 and an increase in oxygen content in the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300. Reducing turbulence maintains the positive pressure oxygen barrier function within the contraction section 11 and confines the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300 within the second expansion section 14.

[0085] In the test experiment, the flue gas velocity at the exhaust port of the first expansion section 13 in the exhaust hood 10 of this embodiment was reduced by more than 70% relative to the flue gas velocity at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300, and the temperature was reduced by more than 30%.

[0086] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the second expansion section 14 includes two opposing second inclined plates 141 and two opposing second straight plates 142. Either of the two second inclined plates 141 gradually moves away from the other of the two second inclined plates 141 in the axial direction X of the smoke exhaust guide hood 10, and the included angle between the two second inclined plates 141 is β, 40°≤β≤50°. Both second straight plates 142 are connected between the two second inclined plates 141.

[0087] Among them, the two second inclined plates 141 correspond one-to-one with the two first inclined plates 111 of the contraction section 11 and are integrally formed, and the two second straight plates 142 correspond one-to-one with the two first straight plates 112 of the contraction section 11 and are integrally formed.

[0088] Alternatively, β can be 40°, 45°, 50°, etc.

[0089] By designing an angle of 40°≤β≤50°, the opening angle between the two second inclined plates 141 is appropriate to ensure that it can interact with the flue gas ejected from the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 and guide the flow of the flue gas. Furthermore, 55°≤α≤65° and 40°≤β≤50°, that is, the slope of the first inclined plate 111 is steeper than the slope of the second inclined plate 141. Therefore, the contraction section 11 can better gather the flue gas in the second expansion section 14, making the air pressure in the contraction section 11 higher, so as to prevent oxygen from entering the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300 in the second expansion section 14, thereby achieving positive pressure oxygen blocking.

[0090] Please see Figures 1 to 4 ,as well as Figure 6 and Figure 7 Secondly, this application also provides a battery 1000, which includes multiple battery cells, a housing, an explosion-proof valve 300, and a smoke exhaust and diversion device 100 in any of the above embodiments. All battery cells are disposed in the housing, and an explosion-proof valve port 210 is provided on the housing. The explosion-proof valve 300 corresponds one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve port 210, and the explosion-proof valve 300 passes through the corresponding explosion-proof valve port 210. The contraction section 11 faces the explosion-proof valve 300.

[0091] Specifically, all battery cells can be electrically connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel connections. In addition, multiple battery cells can first be connected in series and / or parallel to form a battery 1000 module, and then multiple battery 1000 modules can be electrically connected in series, parallel, or a combination of series and parallel connections.

[0092] The enclosure is formed by multiple panels 200, and one or more panels 200 can be provided with explosion-proof valve ports 210. Figure 6 and Figure 7 For example, three explosion-proof valve ports 210 are opened on the same plate 200. At the same time, there are also three explosion-proof valves 300 and three smoke exhaust diversion devices 100. The explosion-proof valves 300 and the smoke exhaust diversion devices 100 correspond one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve ports 210. The smoke exhaust diversion hood 10 in the smoke exhaust diversion device 100 is sealed to the plate 200 on which the corresponding explosion-proof valve port 210 is set.

[0093] The battery 1000 in this application can reduce the generation of open flame at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 by setting a smoke exhaust and diversion device 100 on the casing, thereby effectively reducing the safety hazards of the battery 1000.

[0094] Thirdly, this application also provides an electrical device that includes the battery 1000 as described in the above embodiments. The electrical device in this application has the effects of any of the above embodiments, and therefore will not be described again here.

[0095] The aforementioned electrical equipment can include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, power tools, energy storage devices, amusement equipment, elevators, and lifting equipment, etc. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, or electric airplane toys, etc.; power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.; energy storage devices can be energy storage walls, base station energy storage, containerized energy storage, etc.; amusement equipment can be carousels, drop towers, etc. This application does not impose special restrictions on the aforementioned electrical equipment.

[0096] In summary, the smoke exhaust hood 10, battery 1000, and electrical equipment provided in this application embodiment, due to the presence of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13, can confine the vortex negative pressure zone formed at the explosion-proof valve 300 within the contraction section 11 and achieve positive pressure oxygen blocking, preventing oxygen from entering the vortex negative pressure zone at the explosion-proof valve 300. Therefore, the probability of open flames occurring within the smoke exhaust hood 10 and at the pressure relief port 310 of the explosion-proof valve 300 is low. Furthermore, the presence of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13 of the smoke exhaust hood 10 reduces the temperature and velocity of the flue gas discharged through the smoke exhaust hood 10, thus lowering the possibility of the flue gas burning outside the smoke exhaust hood 10 and generating open flames. Moreover, due to the guiding effect of the contraction section 11 and the first expansion section 13, no vortex negative pressure zone will form at the smoke exhaust port of the first expansion section 13. Thus, as can be seen from the above, the smoke exhaust hood 10 in this application reduces the generation of open flames and effectively reduces the safety hazards of battery 1000.

[0097] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0098] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A smoke exhaust and diversion device, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust guiding device includes a smoke exhaust guide hood (10), which is used to seal and connect with the battery housing, and the smoke exhaust guide hood (10) corresponds one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve (300) of the battery; The smoke exhaust hood (10) includes a contraction section (11) and a first expansion section (13) that are connected and communicated sequentially along its axial direction (X). Along the axial direction (X) of the smoke exhaust hood (10), the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section (11) gradually decreases, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section (13) gradually increases.

2. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust hood (10) further includes a throat section (12), which is connected and communicates between the contraction section (11) and the first expansion section (13); The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction section (11) is S1, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat section (12) is S2, the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the first expansion section (13) is S3, S2≤S1, and S2≤S3.

3. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust guide device also includes multiple heat dissipation fins (20), all of which are arranged at intervals in the first expansion section (13) along a direction intersecting the axial direction (X) of the smoke exhaust guide hood (10), and are divided into multiple smoke exhaust channels (15) in the first expansion section (13).

4. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner walls of the throat section (12) and the first expansion section (13) are covered with a phase change material coating (30), and / or the outer surface of the heat dissipation fins (20) is covered with a phase change material coating (30).

5. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contraction section (11) includes two first inclined plates (111) arranged opposite to each other and two first straight plates (112) arranged opposite to each other. Either of the two first inclined plates (111) of the contraction section (11) gradually approaches the other of the two first inclined plates (111) in the axial direction (X) of the smoke exhaust guide hood (10), and the included angle between the two first inclined plates (111) is α, 55°≤α≤65°. The two first straight plates (112) of the contraction section (11) are both connected between the two first inclined plates (111).

6. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The contraction section (11) and the first expansion section (13) are arranged symmetrically.

7. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust hood (10) further includes a second expansion section (14), which is located at the head of the contraction section (11) facing away from the first expansion section (13) and is connected and communicated with the contraction section (11). In the axial direction (X) of the smoke exhaust hood (10), the cross-sectional area of ​​the second expansion section (14) gradually increases.

8. The smoke exhaust guiding device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second expansion section (14) includes two second inclined plates (141) arranged opposite to each other and two second straight plates (142) arranged opposite to each other. Either of the two second inclined plates (141) gradually moves away from the other of the two second inclined plates (141) in the axial direction (X) of the smoke exhaust guide hood (10), and the included angle between the two second inclined plates (141) is β, 40°≤β≤50°. Both second straight plates (142) are connected between the two second inclined plates (141).

9. A battery, characterized in that, include: The enclosure has an explosion-proof valve port (210) on it; An explosion-proof valve (300) corresponds one-to-one with the explosion-proof valve port (210), and the explosion-proof valve (300) passes through the corresponding explosion-proof valve port (210); and As described in any of the preceding claims, the constriction section (11) faces the explosion-proof valve (300).

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery as described in claim 9 above.

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