Bean crop plot test thresher

Abstract

The utility model discloses a threshing machine for a legume crop plot test. The threshing machine comprises a machine frame, a threshing cylinder, an upper shell and a lower shell. The upper shell is installed on the rack through a hinge and a hand wheel type hinge, the inner wall of the upper shell is provided with a spiral flow guide plate extending in the axial direction of the threshing cylinder, the right side is a feeding hopper, and the left side is a discharging port. The lower shell comprises a square barrel shell and a square conical material receiving hopper, a detachable arc-shaped bottom screen is arranged in the square barrel shell, and the bottom screen is fixed through a sliding groove and a lock pin. The lower portion of the material receiving hopper is connected with a splash-proof soft curtain, and a material receiving groove with universal wheels is arranged below the splash-proof soft curtain. Through the detachable bottom screen and the optimized material guide path, the problems that samples are difficult to replace and clean and threshing is uneven in a plot test are solved, and the device has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in efficiency and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of threshing machinery technology, and in particular to a threshing machine for small-scale trials of legume crops. Background Technology

[0002] In small-scale trials of legume crops, threshing operations require frequent sample changes and equipment cleaning to avoid mixing between different samples. Traditional threshers have the following significant drawbacks: Low sample cleaning efficiency: Existing equipment mostly uses a fixed screen structure, and material easily remains on the screen surface. Replacement and cleaning require disassembly of multiple parts, with a single cleaning taking more than 30 minutes, seriously affecting experimental efficiency. Poor threshing uniformity: The unreasonable design of the feeding port and guide path allows material to fall solely by gravity, resulting in excessive local load on the threshing drum, threshing uniformity of less than 60%, high pod breakage rate, and a seed residue rate exceeding 15%. Cumbersome equipment operation: Opening and closing the upper shell requires a complex locking structure, and multiple people are needed to operate the machine together when changing samples; the receiving device is fixed and cannot be moved, and the entire machine must be tilted when emptying the material, posing a risk of sample spillage. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a threshing machine for small-scale trials of legume crops. It has a simple structure, high working efficiency, and is convenient for changing samples and cleaning the threshing machine.

[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] A threshing machine for a small-scale trial of legume crops includes a frame, on which a threshing drum driven by a motor is mounted via bearings and a central shaft. The outer wall of the threshing drum has several threshing teeth. An upper shell is located above the threshing drum, and a lower shell is located below it. An arc-shaped bottom screen is installed inside the lower shell. The machine is characterized by: a four-sided frame on the upper part of the frame; the upper shell is mounted on the four-sided frame via a front hinge and a rear locking element; a feeding hopper is located on the right side of the upper shell and a discharge port on the left side on the side where the locking element is located; a spiral guide plate extending to the left along the axial direction of the threshing drum is provided on the inner wall of the upper shell; the lower shell includes a square cylindrical shell fixedly connected to the lower part of the four-sided frame, with a square-conical receiving hopper connected to the bottom of the square cylindrical shell; an arc-shaped bottom screen mounting port and a locking pin are provided on the left side of the square cylindrical shell; sliding grooves for fixing the bottom screen are provided on the front and rear sides of the inside of the square cylindrical shell; the bottom screen is inserted into the square cylindrical shell through the bottom screen mounting port, slidably connected via the sliding grooves, and fixed by the locking pin.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom screen is composed of multiple arc-shaped rods and several straight rods that are laterally connected to the arc-shaped rods.

[0007] Preferably, the upper shell is composed of an arched plate formed by bending, a left end plate, and a right end plate.

[0008] Preferably, the locking element is a handwheel hinge.

[0009] Preferably, a receiving trough is provided below the square-conical receiving hopper.

[0010] Preferably, casters are installed under the receiving trough.

[0011] Preferably, a splash-proof soft curtain is connected to the lower part of the receiving hopper.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] (1) Quick sample change and cleaning: The bottom sieve adopts a detachable sliding design and is fixed by locking pins and sliding grooves. When changing samples, you only need to pull out the locking pins and take out the bottom sieve for cleaning. The cleaning time is reduced from 30 minutes in traditional equipment to less than 5 minutes, avoiding sample mixing.

[0014] (2) Uniform and efficient threshing: The spiral guide plate guides the material to move evenly along the axial direction of the threshing drum, so that the material is in full contact with the threshing teeth, while avoiding excessive local load on the drum.

[0015] (3) Convenient and labor-saving operation: The upper shell can be quickly opened and closed by a handwheel hinge, and a single person can complete the operation; the bottom universal wheel of the receiving trough supports flexible movement, and the material can be emptied without tilting the whole machine, reducing labor intensity and the risk of sample spillage.

[0016] (4) Compact and durable structure: The upper shell is composed of a combination of bent arched plate and end plate, and the lower shell is fixedly connected to the square cylindrical shell and the square cone receiving hopper. The overall structure is simple and stable, suitable for frequent disassembly and relocation scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from the upper left rear view.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from the upper right front view.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention with the upper shell open, the bottom screen pulled out, and the receiving trough shifted.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower shell of this utility model.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Frame, 2-Bearing, 3-Central shaft, 4-Motor, 5-Threshing drum, 6-Threshing teeth, 7-Arched plate, 8-Left end plate, 9-Right end plate, 10-Square shell, 11-Receiving hopper, 12-Bottom screen, 13-Arc rod, 14-Straight rod, 15-Four-sided frame, 16-Hinge, 17-Handwheel hinge, 18-Feeding hopper, 19-Discharge port, 20-Guide plate, 21-Bottom screen mounting port, 22-Locking pin, 23-Slide groove, 24-Receiving groove, 25-Universal wheel, 26-Splash-proof soft curtain. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: As Figures 1-4 As shown, a threshing machine for a small-scale trial of legume crops includes a frame 1, a threshing drum 5, an upper shell, a lower shell, a bottom screen 12, a square-conical receiving hopper 11, and a receiving trough 24.

[0024] Frame 1: It adopts a metal frame structure with a rectangular four-sided frame 15 on the top to support the upper and lower shells.

[0025] Threshing drum 5: It is horizontally mounted on the four sides 15 of the frame 1 via bearing 2 and central shaft 3, and is driven by motor 4 to rotate clockwise. Threshing teeth 6 are evenly distributed on the outer wall to strike the pods to achieve threshing.

[0026] Upper shell: It is welded from an arched plate 7, a left end plate 8 and a right end plate 9. The front side is hinged to the four-sided frame 15 by a hinge 16, and the rear side is locked and fixed by a handwheel hinge 17. An inclined feeding hopper 18 is provided on the right side and a discharge port 19 is provided on the left side. A spiral guide plate 20 is welded to the inner wall. The guide plate is in a left-hand spiral shape and extends from right to left along the axial direction of the threshing drum 5.

[0027] Lower shell: The square cylindrical shell 10 is fixed below the four-sided frame 15. A circular bottom screen mounting port 21 and a locking pin 22 are opened on the left side. Horizontal sliding grooves 23 are provided on the front and rear side walls inside for inserting the bottom screen 12.

[0028] Bottom sieve 12: It is formed by welding 5 arc-shaped rods 13 and 27 horizontal straight rods 14 into an arc-shaped sieve surface. The arc matches the bottom of the threshing drum 5. The number of straight rods 14 can be adjusted according to the variety of beans.

[0029] Square cone-shaped receiving hopper 11: connected to the bottom of square cylindrical shell 10, used to collect threshed soybeans, with anti-splash soft curtain 26 fixed to the lower outer edge, and the lower opening connecting to the receiving trough 24.

[0030] Material receiving trough 24: Four casters 25 are installed at the bottom, which can move freely along the ground for temporary storage and convenient transfer of beans.

[0031] Working principle and operating procedures

[0032] 1. Threshing process (see Figure 1-) Figure 4

[0033] Feeding and guiding: Start motor 4, and threshing drum 5 rotates at high speed; pour the bean crop sample into the feeding hopper 18, and the material falls on the right side of threshing drum 5. The spiral guide plate 20 generates axial thrust as the drum rotates, pushing the material to the left along the drum surface. At the same time, the threshing teeth 6 strike the bean pods, separating the beans from the straw.

[0034] Screening and collection: The threshed mixture falls to the bottom screen 12, and the soybeans fall through the gap between the straight rods into the square cone-shaped receiving hopper 11, and then into the receiving trough 24 through the bottom opening; straw and other impurities continue to move to the left along the guide plate 20 and are discharged from the discharge port 19.

[0035] Splash prevention and movement: The splash-proof soft curtain 26 prevents the beans from splashing when receiving the material; the receiving trough 24 can be easily moved to the sample collection point for dumping via casters 25.

[0036] 2. Sample replacement procedure

[0037] Stop the equipment: Turn off motor 4 and ensure that the threshing drum 5 has completely stopped rotating;

[0038] Open the upper housing: Loosen the handwheel hinge 17, flip the upper housing upward to expose the upper part of the threshing drum 5;

[0039] Disassemble the bottom screen: Pull out the locking pin 22, pull the bottom screen 12 out to the left from the bottom screen installation port 21, and clean the residual material on the screen surface with a brush.

[0040] Cleaning the receiving trough: Push the receiving trough 24 to the cleaning area, empty the material and clean the inner wall;

[0041] Reassembly: Insert the cleaned bottom sieve 12 into the square tube shell 10 along the slide groove 23 and fix it with the locking pin 22; close the upper shell and lock the handwheel hinge 17 to prepare for the next sample threshing.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this utility model.

Claims

1. A threshing machine for a small-scale trial of legume crops, comprising a frame (1), wherein a threshing drum (5) driven by a motor (4) is mounted on the frame (1) via bearings (2) and a central shaft (3), the outer wall of the threshing drum (5) is provided with threshing teeth (6), an upper shell is provided above it, a lower shell is provided below it, and an arc-shaped bottom screen (12) is provided inside the lower shell, characterized in that: The frame (1) has a four-sided frame (15) on the upper part. The upper shell is installed on the four-sided frame (15) by a front hinge (16) and a rear handwheel hinge (17). The right side is provided with a feeding hopper (18) and the left side is provided with a discharge port (19). The inner wall is provided with a spiral guide plate (20) that extends along the axial direction of the threshing drum (5) and guides the material to the left. The lower shell includes a square cylindrical shell (10) fixed below the four-sided frame (15). The bottom of the cylindrical shell (10) is connected to a square cone-shaped receiving hopper (11). The left side of the square cylindrical shell (10) is provided with an arc-shaped bottom screen mounting port (21) and a locking pin (22). The front and rear sides of the interior are provided with a sliding groove (23) for fixing the bottom screen (12). The bottom screen (12) is inserted from the bottom screen mounting port (21) and slidably connected through the sliding groove (23) and fixed by the locking pin (22).

2. The thresher for legume crop plot trials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom screen (12) is composed of multiple arc-shaped rods (13) and several straight rods (14) that are transversely connected to the arc-shaped rods (13).

3. The thresher for legume crop plot trials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper shell is composed of a bent arched plate (7), a left end plate (8), and a right end plate (9).

4. The thresher for legume crop plot trials according to claim 1, characterized in that, A receiving groove (24) is provided below the square cone-shaped receiving hopper (11), and a caster wheel (25) is installed at the bottom of the receiving groove (24).

5. The thresher for legume crop plot trials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the receiving hopper (11) is connected to a splash-proof soft curtain (26).

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