Spring clamp forming equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of spring clamp machining, in particular to spring clamp forming equipment which comprises a base plate and a forming block installed in the center of the base plate, a plurality of sets of forming cutters are annularly distributed on the periphery of the forming block, a feeding port is formed in one side of the forming block, the other side of the forming block is connected with a material length sensing mechanism, and the feeding port is used for guiding in a forming wire to be formed; after the formed wire rod triggers the material length sensing mechanism, the forming cutter starts to work; the forming block comprises a fixed block in the center and movable blocks on the two sides, a supporting column used for bearing a formed wire rod is further arranged at the bottom of each movable block, and the back face of each supporting column and the corresponding movable block are integrally formed and enter and exit from the base plate under the action of a power mechanism. The forming cutters comprise a first cutter group for preforming the forming wire and a second cutter group for forming the forming mechanism, and the forming cutters are respectively driven by the driving mechanism. The automatic degree of equipment is remarkably improved, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the cost is reduced, and the efficient mass production requirement of the spring clamps is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of spring clamp processing technology, and in particular to a spring clamp forming equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Spring clamps offer advantages such as ease of use, strong clamping force, and good sealing performance. They enable quick installation, reliable locking, and good corrosion resistance, and have gradually replaced the two traditional pipe connection methods of flanges and welding. However, currently available spring clamps with limiting effects generally have complex structures, and their production typically involves stamping followed by further processing on a forming and rounding machine using a robotic arm. The limiting structure is also processed after the ring is formed, resulting in low automation, slow product forming process, high cost, and low production efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a spring clamp, spring clamp forming equipment and forming method that are simple in structure, easy to process, and have high processing accuracy and automation. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a spring clamp forming equipment.

[0005] The spring clamp forming equipment provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A spring clamp forming device includes a substrate and a forming block installed at the center of the substrate. The forming block has a plurality of forming blades arranged in a ring around its perimeter. One side of the forming block has a feed inlet, and the other side is connected to a material length sensing mechanism. The feed inlet is used to introduce the forming wire to be formed, and the forming blades begin to operate when the forming wire triggers the material length sensing mechanism. The forming block includes a central fixed block and two movable blocks on either side. The bottom of each movable block has a support column for supporting the forming wire. The back of the support column is integrally formed with the movable block and moves in and out of the substrate under the action of a power mechanism. The forming blades include a first set of blades for pre-forming the forming wire and a second set of blades for forming the forming wire, and the forming blades are driven by a drive mechanism.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the wire to be formed is introduced into the feed port. When the wire triggers the material length sensing mechanism, the power mechanism drives the support column at the bottom of the movable block to move in and out of the substrate to support the wire. At the same time, the drive mechanism drives the first and second blade groups to work respectively. The first blade group pre-forms the wire, and then the second blade group completes the forming operation. The forming block consists of a central fixed block and two movable blocks on both sides. The forming blades distributed in a ring around the perimeter cooperate with the forming block under the action of the drive mechanism to realize the automated forming process of the wire. The whole process improves the processing accuracy and automation level through induction triggering and multi-mechanism coordinated drive, and simplifies the processing flow of traditional complex structures.

[0008] Preferably, the first set of blades includes a support blade at the bottom and two sets of upper and lower forming blades symmetrically distributed on both sides of the forming block. The upper and lower forming blades act on the upper and lower halves of the spring clamp, respectively, and fit against the arc-shaped side surface of the movable block.

[0009] Preferably, the second blade assembly includes bottom forming blades symmetrically distributed on both sides of the support blade, wherein the free end of the bottom forming blade is in contact with the arc-shaped surface of the lower part of the fixing block.

[0010] Preferably, guide blocks are provided on both sides of the forming blade and between two adjacent forming blades, and the guide blocks are fixedly installed on the substrate.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, after the material length sensing mechanism is triggered by the forming wire, the first set of blades begins to operate. The bottom support blade provides support, and the upper and lower forming blades, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the forming block, process the upper and lower parts of the spring clamp, respectively. Because they are in contact with the curved side surface of the movable block, they can accurately perform pre-forming operations on the upper and lower parts of the wire. After pre-forming is completed, the bottom forming blade in the second set of blades comes into play. It is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the support blade, and its free end is in contact with the curved surface of the lower part of the fixed block to further form the spring clamp. At the same time, the guide blocks fixedly installed on the substrate on both sides of the forming blade and between two adjacent forming blades provide guidance for the movement of the forming blade, ensuring that each forming blade maintains an accurate position and movement trajectory during processing, making the forming of the spring clamp more precise and efficient.

[0012] Preferably, the bottoms of the fixed block and the movable block are horizontal, and there is a gap between them and the support column that is adapted to the thickness of the forming wire. There are two sets of support columns, in which the support blade passes through the gap between the two and supports the forming wire on them.

[0013] Preferably, the fixed block is cylindrical, and a guide wire is installed at the free end of the fixed block, which extends from the base plate to the receiving box; the cross-section of the movable block is a rectangular structure in the upper part and a semi-circular structure in the lower part, wherein the outer connection between the rectangular structure and the semi-circular structure adopts an arc transition.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the wire to be formed enters through the feed inlet. The wire passes through the bottom of the fixed block and the movable block, with a gap between it and the support column that matches the thickness of the wire. Then, the material length sensing mechanism is triggered, and the support blade penetrates through the two sets of support columns, forming a stable support for the wire. The guide wire installed at the free end of the cylindrical fixed block extends from the base plate to the receiving box, providing an outlet path for the formed spring clamp. The movable block has a rectangular upper section and a semi-circular lower section, with an arc transition at the outer connection between the rectangle and the semi-circle. This allows the upper and lower forming blades of the first blade set to better fit the arc surface of the movable block, accurately pre-forming the upper and lower parts of the wire. Subsequently, the second blade set completes the forming. The formed spring clamp is guided to the receiving box by the guide wire. The entire process is coordinated by the structure of each component to ensure smooth forming.

[0015] Preferably, the material length sensing mechanism includes a trigger rod and a sensor. The trigger rod passes through the mounting base and is distributed along the feeding direction of the forming wire. One end of the trigger rod extends out of the mounting base, and the other end is connected to the trigger short of the sensor. A return spring is installed in the through hole opened in the mounting base. The two ends of the return spring are respectively connected to the inner wall of the mounting base and the return block on the trigger rod.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when the forming wire to be formed is introduced from the feed port, it moves along the feeding direction. The end of the wire contacts and pushes the trigger rod. Under the pushing force of the forming wire, the trigger rod overcomes the elastic force of the return spring in the mounting seat hole and slides in the hole. One end of the trigger rod moves into the mounting seat and connects with the trigger end of the sensor, thereby triggering the sensor to send a signal to inform the system that the forming wire has reached the specified length, and the forming blade then starts working. After the forming wire is cut and enters the subsequent forming process, the trigger rod, under the elastic force of the return spring, is driven by the return block to slide back along the hole and return to the initial position, with one end extending out of the mounting seat, waiting for the next wire feeding trigger. This cycle achieves precise sensing and control of the feeding length of the forming wire.

[0017] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a base and a drive plate slidably mounted on the base. An eccentric wheel is rotatably mounted on the base. A first fixing block and a second fixing block adapted to the eccentric wheel are mounted on the top of the drive plate. The eccentric wheel is driven by planetary gears in the base plate, and the planetary gears are driven by a sun gear. The drive shaft of the eccentric wheel passes through a strip-shaped perforation on the drive plate. The eccentric wheel is in contact with the outer surface of the first fixing block around its perimeter. An action block capable of driving the second fixing block to move is also mounted on the bottom edge of the eccentric wheel.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the drive mechanism is working, the sun gear drives the planetary gear transmission, which in turn drives the eccentric wheel to rotate. The drive shaft of the eccentric wheel passes through the strip-shaped perforation on the drive plate. During the rotation, its circumference is always in contact with the outer surface of the first fixed block, causing the drive plate to slide on the base. At the same time, when the action block at the bottom edge of the eccentric wheel rotates, it applies a force to the second fixed block, further driving the drive plate to slide. The sliding of the drive plate drives the forming blade, enabling the first and second blade groups to complete the pre-forming and forming operations of the forming wire according to a predetermined program. The entire process, through the cooperation of the eccentric wheel and the drive plate, as well as the transmission of the planetary gear and the sun gear, converts the rotational motion into the linear sliding of the drive plate, thereby achieving stable and precise driving of the forming blade.

[0019] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] 1. This application uses a linkage triggering mechanism between the material length sensing mechanism and the forming blade assembly to accurately control the length of the forming wire and automatically start the processing flow, significantly improving the automation level of the equipment and reducing manual intervention;

[0021] 2. This application uses a structure of fixed blocks and movable blocks to support the forming block, combined with a horizontal bottom design and a gap adapted to the thickness of the wire, to ensure stable support of the wire during processing. In conjunction with the guide block to guide the forming blade, it effectively improves processing accuracy and product consistency.

[0022] 3. This application adopts a graded molding design of the first and second cutter groups, with pre-forming and molding performed in separate steps. With the curved fitting cutter group structure, the upper and lower halves and bottom arc of the spring clamp can be precisely shaped, which simplifies the traditional complex limiting structure while improving the clamping force and sealing performance. At the same time, the spring clamp needs to be modified in size due to functional requirements during testing. The pre-forming design of the first cutter group can relatively reduce the cost of changing the mold size.

[0023] 4. This application achieves stable driving and precise movement of the forming blade through the drive mechanism via eccentric wheel and planetary gear transmission. Combined with the automatic feeding design of the guide wire, the processing cycle is shortened, and the forming process is upgraded from traditional step-by-step processing to continuous automated production, which greatly improves production efficiency and reduces costs.

[0024] 5. This application reduces processing steps and robotic arm transfer links by combining modular components in the overall structure with a PLC controller, and has the advantages of simple structure and convenient processing, thus meeting the needs of high-efficiency mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spring clamp forming equipment;

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism in a spring clamp forming equipment.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Base plate; 2. Molding block; 21. Fixing block; 211. Guide wire; 22. Movable block; 221. Support column; 3. Molding blade; 31. First blade group; 311. Support blade; 312. Upper molding blade; 313. Lower molding blade; 32. Second blade group; 321. Bottom molding blade; 4. Feed port; 5. Material length sensing mechanism; 51. Trigger rod; 511. Mounting base; 512. Return spring; 513. Return block; 52. Sensor; 6. Drive mechanism; 61. Base; 611. Eccentric wheel; 612. Actuating block; 62. Drive plate; 621. First fixing block; 622. Second fixing block; 7. Guide block. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 This application will be described in further detail.

[0030] This application discloses a spring clamp forming device.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3A spring clamp forming device includes a base plate 1 and a forming block 2 installed at the center of the base plate 1. The forming block 2 has a plurality of forming blades 3 arranged in a ring around its perimeter. One side of the forming block 2 is provided with a feed port 4, and the other side is connected to a material length sensing mechanism 5. The feed port 4 is used to introduce the forming wire to be formed, and the forming blades 3 start working when the forming wire triggers the material length sensing mechanism 5. The forming block 2 includes a fixed block 21 at the center and movable blocks 22 on both sides. The bottom of the movable block 22 is also provided with a support column 221 for supporting the forming wire. The back of the support column 221 is integrally formed with the movable block 22 and moves in and out of the base plate 1 under the action of a power mechanism. The forming blades 3 include a first blade group 31 for pre-forming the forming wire and a second blade group 32 for forming the forming mechanism. The forming blades 3 are driven by a drive mechanism 6. The forming wire to be formed is introduced into the feed port 4. When the wire triggers the length sensing mechanism 5, the power mechanism drives the support column 221 at the bottom of the movable block 22 to move in and out of the substrate 1 to support the wire. At the same time, the drive mechanism 6 drives the first blade group 31 and the second blade group 32 to work respectively. The first blade group 31 first pre-forms the wire, and then the second blade group 32 completes the forming operation. The forming block 2 is composed of a central fixed block 21 and two movable blocks 22 on both sides. The forming blades 3 distributed in a ring around the perimeter cooperate with the forming block 2 under the action of the drive mechanism 6 to realize the automated forming process of the wire. The whole process improves the processing accuracy and automation level through induction triggering and multi-mechanism coordinated drive, and simplifies the processing flow of traditional complex structures.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The first blade assembly 31 includes a bottom support blade 311 and two sets of upper forming blades 312 and lower forming blades 313 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the forming block 2. The upper forming blades 312 and lower forming blades 313 act on the upper and lower halves of the spring clamp, respectively, and are in contact with the arc-shaped side surface of the movable block 22. The second blade assembly 32 includes bottom forming blades 321 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the support blade 311. The free end of the bottom forming blade 321 is in contact with the arc-shaped surface of the lower part of the fixed block 21. Guide blocks 7 are provided on both sides of the forming blades 3 and between adjacent forming blades 3. The guide blocks 7 are fixedly mounted on the base plate 1. After the forming wire triggers the material length sensing mechanism 5, the first blade group 31 starts to operate. The bottom support blade 311 provides support. The upper forming blade 312 and lower forming blade 313, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the forming block 2, process the upper and lower parts of the spring clamp, respectively. Since they are in contact with the side arc surface of the movable block 22, they can accurately perform pre-forming operations on the upper and lower parts of the wire. After the pre-forming is completed, the bottom forming blade 321 in the second blade group 32 comes into play. It is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the support blade 311, and its free end is in contact with the arc surface of the lower part of the fixed block 21 to further form the spring clamp. At the same time, the guide blocks 7, which are fixedly installed on the base plate 1 on both sides of the forming blade 3 and between two adjacent forming blades 3, provide guidance for the movement of the forming blade 3, ensuring that each forming blade 3 maintains an accurate position and movement trajectory during processing, making the forming of the spring clamp more accurate and efficient.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The bottoms of the fixed block 21 and the movable block 22 are horizontal, and there is a gap between them and the support column 221 that is adapted to the thickness of the forming wire. There are two sets of support columns 221, with the support blade 311 passing through the gap between them and supporting the forming wire on them. The fixed block 21 is cylindrical, and a guide wire 211 is installed at the free end of the fixed block 21. The guide wire 211 extends from the base plate 1 to the receiving box. The cross-section of the movable block 22 is a rectangular structure in the upper part and a semi-circular structure in the lower part, with an arc transition at the outer connection between the rectangular structure and the semi-circular structure. The forming wire enters through the feed port 4, passes through the fixed block 21 and the movable block 22 with a horizontal bottom and a gap between them and the support column 221 that is adapted to the thickness of the forming wire, and then triggers the material length sensing mechanism 5. The support blade 311 passes through the two sets of support columns 221, forming a stable support for the forming wire on them. The guide wire 211, installed at the free end of the cylindrical fixed block 21, extends from the base plate 1 to the receiving box, providing an outlet path for the formed spring clamp. The movable block 22 has a rectangular upper section and a semi-circular lower section, with an arc transition at the connection between the rectangle and the outer side of the semi-circle. This allows the upper forming blade 312 and the lower forming blade 313 of the first blade group 31 to better fit the arc-shaped side surface of the movable block 22, accurately pre-forming the upper and lower parts of the wire. Subsequently, the second blade group 32 completes the forming. The formed spring clamp is guided to the receiving box by the guide wire 211. The entire process is coordinated by the structure of each component to ensure smooth forming.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The material length sensing mechanism 5 includes a trigger rod 51 and a sensor 52. The trigger rod 51 passes through the mounting base 511 and is distributed along the feeding direction of the forming wire. One end of the trigger rod 51 extends out of the mounting base 511, and the other end is connected to the trigger short of the sensor 52. A reset spring 512 is installed in the through hole opened in the mounting base 511. The two ends of the reset spring 512 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the mounting base 511 and the reset block 513 on the trigger rod 51. When the forming wire is introduced into the feed port 4, it moves along the feeding direction. The end of the wire contacts and pushes the trigger rod 51. Under the pushing force of the forming wire, the trigger rod 51 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 512 in the through hole of the mounting base 511 and slides in the through hole. One end of the trigger rod moves into the mounting base 511 and connects with the trigger end of the sensor 52, thereby triggering the sensor 52 to send a signal to inform the system that the forming wire has reached the specified length, and the forming blade 3 then starts working. After the forming wire is cut and enters the subsequent forming process, the trigger rod 51, under the elastic force of the return spring 512, is driven by the return block 513 to slide back along the through hole and return to the initial position, extending one end out of the mounting base 511, waiting for the next wire feeding trigger. This cycle is repeated to achieve precise sensing and control of the feeding length of the forming wire.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The drive mechanism 6 includes a base 61 and a drive plate 62 slidably mounted on the base 61. An eccentric wheel 611 is rotatably mounted on the base 61. A first fixing block 621 and a second fixing block 622 adapted to the eccentric wheel 611 are mounted on the top of the drive plate 62. The eccentric wheel 611 is driven by planetary gears in the base plate 1, and the planetary gears are driven by a sun gear. The drive shaft of the eccentric wheel 611 passes through a strip-shaped perforation on the drive plate 62. The eccentric wheel 611 is in contact with the outer surface of the first fixing block 621 around its perimeter. An action block 612 capable of driving the second fixing block 622 to move is also mounted on the bottom edge of the eccentric wheel 611. When the drive mechanism 6 is working, the sun gear drives the planetary gear transmission, which in turn drives the eccentric wheel 611 to rotate. The drive shaft of the eccentric wheel 611 passes through the strip-shaped perforation on the drive plate 62. During rotation, its circumference is always in contact with the outer surface of the first fixed block 621, causing the drive plate 62 to slide on the base 61. At the same time, the action block 612 at the bottom edge of the eccentric wheel 611 applies a force to the second fixed block 622 when it rotates, further driving the drive plate 62 to slide. The sliding of the drive plate 62 drives the forming blade 3, so that the first blade group 31 and the second blade group 32 complete the pre-forming and forming operations of the forming wire according to a predetermined program. The whole process, through the cooperation of the eccentric wheel 611 and the drive plate 62, as well as the transmission of the planetary gear and the sun gear, converts the rotational motion into the linear sliding of the drive plate 62, thereby achieving stable and precise driving of the forming blade 3.

[0036] Working principle: During operation, the formed wire, after being fed and punched, is introduced into the forming equipment through the feed port 4. The formed wire is then fed into the gap between the support column 221 of the forming block 2 and the fixed block 21 and the movable block 22, until the end of the formed wire abuts against the trigger rod 51 in the material length sensing mechanism 5. The reset block 513 on the trigger rod 51 compresses the reset spring 512 in the through hole of the mounting base 511. The other end of the trigger rod 51 triggers the sensor 52. Through the linkage control of the PLC, the feeding mechanism outside the feed port stops feeding, and the spring clamp forming operation begins. The PLC controller controls the drive mechanism 6 according to the set program. The support blade 311 presses the formed wire against the bottom of the fixed block 21 from below, and then the lower forming blade 313 cuts the formed wire from both sides. The wire is formed on the outside of the movable block 22. Then, the upper forming blade 312 forms the wire on the outside of the movable block 22 from both sides, completing the pre-forming of the wire. Next, the upper forming blade 312 and the lower forming blade 313 remove their influence on the wire. At the same time, a hydraulic cylinder is used in the power mechanism to drive the movable block 22 and the support column 221 back into the base plate 1. Then, the bottom forming blade 321 is driven to perform forming operations on the pre-formed wire from both sides below, completing the final forming of the spring clamp. Then, the bottom forming blade 321, the movable block 22, and the support column 221 are reset. During the reset process, the movable block 22 pushes the formed spring clamp out from the fixed block 21 and enters the collection device along the guide wire 211. This process is repeated to form the spring clamp.

[0037] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A spring clamp forming equipment, characterized in that: It includes a substrate (1) and a molding block (2) installed in the center of the substrate (1). The molding block (2) has a plurality of molding blades (3) arranged in a ring around it. The molding block (2) has a feed port (4) on one side and a material length sensing mechanism (5) connected to the other side. The feed port (4) is used to introduce the molding wire to be molded. When the molding wire triggers the material length sensing mechanism (5), the molding blades (3) start to work. The forming block (2) includes a central fixed block (21) and two movable blocks (22) on both sides. The bottom of the movable block (22) is also provided with a support column (221) for supporting the forming wire. The back of the support column (221) is integrally formed with the movable block (22) and moves in and out of the substrate (1) under the action of the power mechanism. The forming blade (3) includes a first blade group (31) for preforming the forming wire and a second blade group (32) for forming the forming mechanism, and the forming blade (3) is driven by a driving mechanism (6).

2. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first blade assembly (31) includes a bottom support blade (311) and two sets of upper forming blades (312) and lower forming blades (313) symmetrically distributed on both sides of the forming block (2). The upper forming blades (312) and lower forming blades (313) act on the upper half and lower half of the spring clamp respectively and fit against the side arc surface of the movable block (22).

3. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second blade assembly (32) includes bottom forming blades (321) symmetrically distributed on both sides of the support blade (311), wherein the free end of the bottom forming blade (321) is in contact with the arc-shaped surface of the lower part of the fixing block (21).

4. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: Guide blocks (7) are provided on both sides of the forming blade (3) and between two adjacent forming blades (3), and the guide blocks (7) are fixedly installed on the base plate (1).

5. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottoms of the fixed block (21) and the movable block (22) are horizontal, and there is a gap between them and the support column (221) that is adapted to the thickness of the forming wire. The support column (221) is provided in two sets, wherein the support blade (311) passes through the two and supports the forming wire on it.

6. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixed block (21) is cylindrical, and a guide wire (211) is installed at the free end of the fixed block (21). The guide wire (211) extends from the base plate (1) to the receiving box. The cross-section of the movable block (22) is a rectangular structure in the upper part and a semi-circular structure in the lower part. The outer connection between the rectangular structure and the semi-circular structure adopts an arc transition.

7. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material length sensing mechanism (5) includes a trigger rod (51) and a sensor (52). The trigger rod (51) passes through the mounting base (511) and is distributed along the feeding direction of the forming wire. One end of the trigger rod (51) extends out of the mounting base (511), and the other end is connected to the trigger short of the sensor (52). A return spring (512) is installed in the through hole opened in the mounting base (511). The two ends of the return spring (512) are respectively connected to the inner wall of the mounting base (511) and the return block (513) on the trigger rod (51).

8. The spring clamp forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (6) includes a base (61) and a drive plate (62) slidably mounted on the base (61). An eccentric wheel (611) is rotatably mounted on the base (61). A first fixing block (621) and a second fixing block (622) adapted to the eccentric wheel (611) are mounted on the top of the drive plate (62). The eccentric wheel (611) is driven by planetary gears in the base plate (1), and the planetary gears are driven by a sun gear. The drive shaft of the eccentric wheel (611) passes through a strip-shaped perforation on the drive plate (62). The eccentric wheel (611) is in contact with the outer surface of the first fixing block (621) around its perimeter. An action block (612) capable of driving the second fixing block (622) to move is also mounted on the bottom edge of the eccentric wheel (611).

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