Rural household garbage cracking gasification device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of garbage cracking devices, and discloses a rural household garbage cracking gasification device which comprises a fermentation chamber and a filtering tank, a fermentation assembly is arranged in the fermentation chamber, a gas filtering assembly is arranged in the filtering tank, and a second combustion chamber is arranged at the lower end of the fermentation chamber. A first combustion chamber is arranged at the lower end of the filtering tank, a plurality of magnetic plates are arranged on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber, and a protective cover is clamped to the upper end of the fermentation chamber in a sealed mode. According to the utility model, the driving motor is started to drive the rotating rod to rotate, so that the magnetic suction roller and the magnetic plate on the inner wall operate together, iron elements in garbage can be effectively adsorbed, metal impurities are prevented from influencing subsequent treatment, the garbage can be stirred through rotation in the adsorption process, materials are mixed more uniformly, and fermentation reaction is promoted to be fully carried out; therefore, the impurity adsorption function and the stirring function are combined, potential damage of metal impurities to equipment is reduced, and the fermentation efficiency is improved through uniform mixing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste pyrolysis devices, and in particular to a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the rural economy and the improvement of living standards, the amount of rural domestic waste generated is increasing year by year. The contradiction between the complexity of its composition and the demand for treatment is becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional rural waste treatment methods (such as open dumping, simple landfill, direct incineration, etc.) are prone to soil pollution, water pollution and air pollution, and the resource utilization rate is extremely low, making it difficult to meet the environmental protection requirements of rural living environment improvement and "zero waste village" construction. As a new type of waste treatment method, pyrolysis gasification technology can convert organic matter into combustible gases (such as CO, H2, CH4, etc.), biochar and a small amount of liquid products. It has the advantages of volume reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization. It is especially suitable for decentralized rural waste treatment scenarios, which can reduce the cost of waste transportation and realize energy recycling.

[0003] In the pretreatment stage, waste pyrolysis gasification devices generally lack a targeted metal impurity adsorption system, relying solely on manual sorting or simple sieving, which is insufficient to effectively remove small ferromagnetic impurities such as iron fragments and wires. These residual iron impurities, once inside the combustion chamber, are prone to chemical reactions with refractory materials under high temperatures. Simultaneously, mechanical friction causes wear on components such as the combustion chamber walls, pipes, and nozzles, thereby shortening the equipment's lifespan and increasing maintenance costs. Furthermore, in traditional devices, waste materials are prone to clumping and accumulation during fermentation, leading to uneven oxygen distribution and insufficient contact between microorganisms and organic matter, ultimately resulting in prolonged pyrolysis cycles and unstable gas production quality.

[0004] Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device. The protective cover can detach from the top of the fermentation chamber, allowing for easy cleaning of metal impurities adsorbed by the magnetic roller and direct inspection of the internal stirring components, thus shortening daily maintenance time. The fermentation chamber and the second combustion chamber, as well as the filter tank and the first combustion chamber, are all fixedly connected by flange bolts. This modular design allows for quick separation of the upper and lower chambers. When it is necessary to check the wear of the combustion chamber's refractory layer, clean residual residue, or replace aging seals, there is no need to disassemble the entire device, improving maintenance efficiency. The filter plate is directly snapped onto the retaining ring on the inner wall of the filter tank, allowing for quick and easy disassembly by hand without the aid of tools, simplifying the maintenance process of the gas filtration components.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device includes a fermentation chamber and a filter tank. The fermentation chamber is equipped with a fermentation component, the filter tank is equipped with a gas filtration component, a second combustion chamber is located at the lower end of the fermentation chamber, and a first combustion chamber is located at the lower end of the filter tank.

[0008] The inner wall of the fermentation chamber is equipped with multiple magnetic plates. The upper end of the fermentation chamber is sealed with a protective cover. The inner wall of the protective cover is rotatably connected to a rotating rod. The outer wall of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with multiple magnetic rollers.

[0009] The above technical solution involves starting the drive motor to rotate the rotating rod, causing the magnetic roller and the magnetic plate on the inner wall to work together. This not only effectively adsorbs iron elements in the waste, preventing metal impurities from affecting subsequent processing, but also stirs the waste during the adsorption process, making the material more evenly mixed and promoting the fermentation reaction to proceed fully. This combination of impurity adsorption and stirring functions reduces the potential damage of metal impurities to the equipment, and improves fermentation efficiency through uniform mixing.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner wall of the filter tank is fitted with three retaining rings, and the upper end of each retaining ring is fitted with a filter plate, wherein the filter plates decrease in size from top to bottom;

[0011] The above technical solution uses three layers of snap-fit ​​filter plates, from large to small. The lower filter plate intercepts large dust and impurities, the middle filter plate removes tar droplets and medium-sized particles, and the upper filter plate captures fine dust. Finally, the gas is discharged through the filter screen of the sealed cover.

[0012] Furthermore, an air intake baffle is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first combustion chamber, and a guide sluice is connected through to the upper part of the other side of the fermentation chamber.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, the air intake baffle guides the pyrolysis gas to the middle of the filter tank, thereby improving the purification effect.

[0014] Furthermore, flanges are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the outer walls of the fermentation chamber and the filter tank, and to the upper ends of the outer walls of the second combustion chamber and the first combustion chamber. The fermentation chamber and the filter tank are fixedly connected to the second combustion chamber and the first combustion chamber through the flanges.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, the flange bolt connection structure enables modular disassembly of the device, allowing the fermentation chamber and combustion chamber, as well as the filter tank and combustion chamber, to be separated independently. This facilitates the inspection of the wear of the combustion chamber's refractory layer, the cleaning of residue, or the replacement of seals.

[0016] Furthermore, a slider is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the second combustion chamber, a funnel is connected through the lower part of one side of the second combustion chamber, and the lower part of the other side of the first combustion chamber is connected through the funnel to one side.

[0017] The above technical solution uses wear-resistant stainless steel for the slider and an inclined angle design to guide the solid residue after pyrolysis to slide along the bottom surface to the funnel.

[0018] Furthermore, a perforated plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fermentation chamber, an electromagnetic control valve is provided at the lower end of the perforated plate, a fixed frame is fixedly connected to the upper middle part of the protective cover, the upper end of the outer wall of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame, a fixed cover is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed frame, a drive motor is provided inside the fixed cover, and the output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating rod.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, after the fermentation in the fermentation chamber is completed, the baffle plate and the electromagnetic control valve control the garbage feeding, so as to avoid insufficient pyrolysis in the second combustion chamber due to excessive feeding.

[0020] Furthermore, a sealing cap is snapped onto the upper end of the filter tank, and a filter screen is provided at the upper end of the sealing cap;

[0021] Through the above technical solution, the snap-on sealing cover can be quickly disassembled by hand, which is convenient for checking the operating status of the filter plate or cleaning the dust on the surface of the filter screen, ensuring that the gas outlet is unobstructed for a long time.

[0022] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention proposes a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device. When the drive motor is started, it drives the rotating rod to rotate, so that the magnetic roller and the magnetic plate on the inner wall work together. It can not only effectively adsorb iron elements in the waste and avoid metal impurities from affecting subsequent processing, but also stir the waste through rotation during the adsorption process, so that the material is mixed more evenly and promotes the fermentation reaction to proceed fully. In this way, the impurity adsorption and stirring functions are combined, which reduces the potential damage of metal impurities to the equipment, and improves the fermentation efficiency through uniform mixing.

[0024] 2. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model has a protective cover that can be detached from the top of the fermentation chamber, which can easily clean the metal impurities adsorbed by the magnetic roller and directly inspect the internal stirring components, shortening the daily maintenance time. The fermentation chamber and the second combustion chamber, as well as the filter tank and the first combustion chamber, are all fixedly connected by flange bolts. This modular design allows the upper and lower chambers to be quickly separated. When it is necessary to check the wear of the refractory layer of the combustion chamber, clean the residual residue, or replace the aged seals, there is no need to disassemble the entire equipment, which improves the maintenance efficiency. The filter plate is directly snapped into the retaining ring on the inner wall of the filter tank. It can be quickly disassembled by hand without the aid of tools, simplifying the maintenance process of the gas filtration components. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fermentation chamber of a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a partial exploded view of the structure of a rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device proposed in this utility model.

[0031] Legend:

[0032] 1. Filter tank; 2. First combustion chamber; 3. Fermentation chamber; 4. Second combustion chamber;

[0033] 6. Fermentation components; 601. Drive motor; 602. Rotating rod; 603. Magnetic roller; 604. Electromagnetic control valve; 605. Magnetic plate; 606. Spindle plate; 608. Protective cover;

[0034] 7. Slider; 8. Drain cylinder; 9. Fixed cover; 10. Fixed bracket; 11. Flange; 12. Guide plate;

[0035] 13. Air filtration assembly; 1301. Air intake baffle; 1302. Filter plate; 1303. Sealing cover; 1304. Filter screen; 1305. Snap ring. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments. Obviously, the described specific embodiments are only a part of the specific embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the specific embodiments of the present invention, all other specific embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-6 One specific embodiment provided by this utility model:

[0038] A rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device includes a fermentation chamber 3 and a filter tank 1. The fermentation chamber 3 is equipped with a fermentation component 6, the filter tank 1 is equipped with a gas filtration component 13, the lower end of the fermentation chamber 3 is equipped with a second combustion chamber 4, and the lower end of the filter tank 1 is equipped with a first combustion chamber 2.

[0039] The inner wall of the fermentation chamber 3 is equipped with multiple magnetic plates 605. The upper end of the fermentation chamber 3 is sealed with a protective cover 608. The inner wall of the protective cover 608 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 602. The outer wall of the rotating rod 602 is fixedly connected with multiple magnetic rollers 603.

[0040] The drive motor 601 is started to drive the rotating rod 602 to rotate, so that the magnetic roller 603 and the magnetic plate 605 on the inner wall work together. This not only effectively adsorbs iron elements in the garbage, avoiding the impact of metal impurities on subsequent processing, but also stirs the garbage through rotation during the adsorption process, making the material more evenly mixed and promoting the fermentation reaction to proceed fully. This combination of impurity adsorption and stirring functions reduces the potential damage of metal impurities to the equipment, and improves the fermentation efficiency through uniform mixing.

[0041] The inner wall of the filter tank 1 is fitted with three retaining rings 1305. The upper end of each retaining ring 1305 is fitted with a filter plate 1302. The filter plates 1302 are arranged from large to small from top to bottom. Through three layers of retaining filter plates 1302, the lower filter plate 1302 intercepts large dust and impurities, the middle filter plate 1302 removes tar droplets and medium-sized particles, and the upper filter plate 1302 captures fine dust. Finally, the gas is discharged through the filter screen 1304 of the sealing cover 1303.

[0042] A baffle plate 1301 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first combustion chamber 2. A guide plate 12 is connected through the upper part of the other side of the fermentation chamber 3. The baffle plate 1301 guides the pyrolysis gas to the middle of the filter tank 1 to improve the purification effect. Flanges 11 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer wall of the fermentation chamber 3 and the filter tank 1, and to the upper end of the outer wall of the second combustion chamber 4 and the first combustion chamber 2. The fermentation chamber 3 and the filter tank 1 are fixedly connected to the second combustion chamber 4 and the first combustion chamber 2 through the flanges 11. The bolt connection structure of the flanges 11 realizes the modular disassembly of the device. The fermentation chamber 3 and the combustion chamber, and the filter tank 1 and the combustion chamber can be separated independently, which is convenient for inspecting the wear of the refractory layer of the combustion chamber, cleaning residues, or replacing seals.

[0043] A slider 7 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the second combustion chamber 4. A funnel 8 is connected through the lower part of one side of the second combustion chamber 4. The lower part of the other side of the first combustion chamber 2 is connected through to one side of the funnel 8. The slider 7 is made of wear-resistant stainless steel and has an inclined angle design to guide the solid residue after pyrolysis to slide along the bottom surface to the funnel 8. A funnel plate 606 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the fermentation chamber 3. An electromagnetic control valve 604 is installed at the lower end of the funnel plate 606. A fixing frame 10 is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper end of the protective cover 608. The upper end of the outer wall of the rotating rod 602 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixing frame 10. A fixed bracket is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixing frame 10. The fixed cover 9 has a drive motor 601 inside. The output end of the drive motor 601 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating rod 602. After fermentation in the fermentation chamber 3, the strainer 606 works with the electromagnetic control valve 604 to control the garbage discharge, so as to avoid insufficient pyrolysis in the second combustion chamber 4 due to excessive feeding. The upper end of the filter tank 1 is sealed with a sealing cover 1303. The upper end of the sealing cover 1303 is provided with a filter screen 1304. The snap-on sealing cover 1303 can be quickly disassembled by hand, which is convenient for checking the operating status of the filter plate 1302 or cleaning the dust on the surface of the filter screen 1304, ensuring that the gas outlet is unobstructed for a long time.

[0044] Working principle: After the garbage enters the fermentation chamber 3 through the feed inlet, the drive motor 601 starts, which drives the rotating rod 602 and the magnetic roller 603 on the outer wall to rotate. The magnetic plate 605 on the inner wall of the fermentation chamber 3 and the rotating magnetic roller 603 form a three-dimensional magnetic field, which efficiently adsorbs ferromagnetic impurities in the garbage, preventing them from entering the subsequent combustion chamber and causing equipment wear. At the same time, the rotation of the magnetic roller 603 dynamically stirs the garbage, breaks up material clumps, and fully mixes the domestic waste with the fermentation agent, improving the uniformity of fermentation and creating stable conditions for the subsequent pyrolysis reaction. The adsorbed iron impurities can be cleaned periodically by the detachable magnetic roller 603 and magnetic plate 605 to maintain the impurity removal efficiency.

[0045] The pre-treated waste is fed into the second combustion chamber 4 below by the filter plate 606 at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 3 and the electromagnetic control valve 604 to control the feeding speed. The combustion residue is discharged into the first combustion chamber 2 through the slider 7 and the filter cylinder 8. In the first combustion chamber 2, the combustion gas changes the airflow direction by the air baffle 1301. The pyrolysis gas and the gas after combustion enter the filter tank 1 and pass through three layers of snap-fit ​​filter plates 1302 from large to small. The lower filter plate 1302 intercepts large dust and impurities, the middle filter plate 1302 removes tar droplets and medium particles, and the upper filter plate 1302 captures fine dust. Finally, the gas is discharged through the filter screen 1304 of the sealing cover 1303.

[0046] The protective cover 608 is snapped into the fermentation chamber 3, allowing the top of the fermentation chamber 3 to be opened quickly to directly clean the metal impurities adsorbed by the magnetic roller 603 or to inspect the stirring components. The fermentation chamber 3 is connected to the second combustion chamber 4, and the filter tank 1 is connected to the first combustion chamber 2 by flange 11 bolts, which supports the quick separation of the upper and lower cavities and facilitates the inspection of the combustion chamber refractory layer, cleaning of residues, or replacement of seals.

[0047] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model shall be understood by those skilled in the art based on the specific circumstances. In addition, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model; the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing specific embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing specific embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device, comprising a fermentation chamber (3) and a filter tank (1), characterized in that: The fermentation chamber (3) is equipped with a fermentation component (6), the filter tank (1) is equipped with a gas filtration component (13), the fermentation chamber (3) is equipped with a second combustion chamber (4) at the lower end, and the filter tank (1) is equipped with a first combustion chamber (2) at the lower end. The inner wall of the fermentation chamber (3) is provided with multiple magnetic plates (605). The upper end of the fermentation chamber (3) is sealed with a protective cover (608). The inner wall of the protective cover (608) is rotatably connected with a rotating rod (602). The outer wall of the rotating rod (602) is fixedly connected with multiple magnetic rollers (603).

2. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the filter tank (1) is fitted with three retaining rings (1305), and the upper end of each retaining ring (1305) is fitted with a filter plate (1302), wherein the filter plate (1302) decreases in size from top to bottom.

3. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air intake baffle (1301) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first combustion chamber (2), and a guide leak plate (12) is connected through the upper part of the other side of the fermentation chamber (3).

4. The rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Flanges (11) are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the outer walls of the fermentation chamber (3) and the filter tank (1), and to the upper ends of the outer walls of the second combustion chamber (4) and the first combustion chamber (2). The fermentation chamber (3) and the filter tank (1) are fixedly connected to the second combustion chamber (4) and the first combustion chamber (2) through the flanges (11).

5. A rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slider (7) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the second combustion chamber (4), and a funnel (8) is connected through the lower part of one side of the second combustion chamber (4). The lower part of the other side of the first combustion chamber (2) is connected through the funnel (8) to one side.

6. A rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the fermentation chamber (3) is fixedly connected to a perforated plate (606), and an electromagnetic control valve (604) is provided at the lower end of the perforated plate (606). A fixed frame (10) is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper end of the protective cover (608). The upper end of the outer wall of the rotating rod (602) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the fixed frame (10). A fixed cover (9) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the fixed frame (10). A drive motor (601) is provided inside the fixed cover (9). The output end of the drive motor (601) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating rod (602).

7. A rural domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the filter tank (1) is sealed with a sealing cap (1303), and a filter screen (1304) is provided at the upper end of the sealing cap (1303).

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