Transverse device structure of tunnel buffer layer, tunnel buffer layer and composite lining structure
By using a pipe structure buffer unit and connector design in the tunnel buffer layer, the problems of loose connection and high construction difficulty in the existing technology are solved, achieving uniform pressure distribution and improving construction efficiency, and extending the service life of the buffer layer.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHAOXING UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
The existing transverse device structure of the tunnel buffer layer is poorly designed, resulting in loose connections, easy loosening and misalignment, high construction difficulty and low efficiency. Furthermore, the integral structure is difficult to repair and replace, and cannot effectively cope with the complex stress changes inside the tunnel.
The buffer unit adopts a pipe structure, which connects concrete blocks and connecting rods through connectors to form a transverse device. The concrete blocks have channels at both ends, and the connecting rods are embedded in the channels and fixed by bolts or welding. The buffer layer is connected to the upper and lower structures by bolts to achieve uniform pressure distribution.
It improves the stability and construction efficiency of the buffer layer, reduces maintenance costs, extends service life, and can effectively cope with complex stress conditions and water pressure changes in the tunnel.
Smart Images
Figure CN224244890U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunnel and underground engineering technology, specifically relating to a transverse device structure for a tunnel buffer layer, a tunnel buffer layer and a composite lining structure. Background Technology
[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this utility model and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.
[0003] In tunnel construction, the buffer layer is a crucial component for ensuring the safety and stability of the tunnel structure. Existing buffer layer transverse device designs are inadequate. For example, current transverse buffer layer structures often employ simple block-like splicing, with connections between buffer blocks possibly involving direct stacking or simple slotted connections; alternatively, they may use a monolithic buffer layer structure, formed by on-site casting or laying of a single sheet of buffer material. However, these designs lack effective transverse structural design to cope with pressure variations in different areas. The problem lies in the fact that simple connection methods cannot guarantee a tight connection between buffer blocks under the complex stresses of the tunnel, leading to loosening and misalignment, thus reducing the buffering effect. Monolithic structures are difficult to construct, hard to mold, and difficult to repair and replace, and the lack of proper unit division results in low construction efficiency. Therefore, these existing transverse buffer layer structures cannot fully realize their buffering function and suffer from installation difficulties and low construction efficiency during construction. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a transverse device structure for a tunnel buffer layer, a tunnel buffer layer and a composite lining structure.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:
[0006] In the first aspect, this utility model provides a transverse device structure for a tunnel buffer layer. The transverse device structure is a pipe structure, which includes multiple buffer units, connectors and concrete arranged in sequence. Each buffer unit is connected in sequence by the connectors, and concrete is filled around the buffer unit.
[0007] Each buffer unit includes a concrete block and a connecting rod. Several channels are provided at both ends of the concrete block, and the connecting rod is embedded in the channels at both ends. Adjacent concrete blocks are connected by connecting rods using connectors.
[0008] Several holes in adjacent concrete blocks must be aligned so that the holes in adjacent concrete blocks can be connected, thereby connecting the connecting rods using connectors, and thus achieving the connection and fixation of adjacent concrete blocks.
[0009] Furthermore, the pipes are made of polyethylene or galvanized white pipes.
[0010] Furthermore, the concrete blocks are rectangular or cubic in shape, and their dimensions are designed according to the actual conditions of the tunnel.
[0011] Furthermore, the length of the ducts at both ends of the concrete block should be less than half the length of the concrete block. Here, the length of the concrete block refers to the length of the concrete block in this direction when the concrete blocks are arranged sequentially. Preferably, the length of the duct is one-quarter to one-third of the length of the concrete block.
[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the holes at both ends of the concrete block must match the diameter of the connecting rod, ensuring that the connecting rod fits perfectly into the hole. If the hole diameter is too small, the connecting rod cannot be placed in the hole; if the hole diameter is too large, the connecting rod will wobble, which is detrimental to the overall stability, and misalignment will also reduce the cushioning effect. Additionally, the connecting rod is made of high-strength steel.
[0013] Furthermore, the number of holes set at both ends of the concrete block is designed according to the actual situation of the tunnel. For example, 2-5 holes can be set at both ends of each concrete block.
[0014] Furthermore, three channels are provided at each end of each concrete block, for a total of six channels per block. The vertical centerline of the bottom channel coincides with the vertical centerline of the concrete block, and the distance from the bottom of the concrete block is 1 / 6 to 1 / 2 of the height of the concrete block (generally, it should not exceed 1 / 2 or be less than 1 / 6 of the height of the concrete block, otherwise it may affect the structural stability and load-bearing capacity of the upper part of the concrete block), preferably 1 / 3; the horizontal centerlines of the other two channels coincide with the horizontal centerline of the block, and the distance between these two channels is 1 / 16 to 1 / 4 of the width of the concrete block (generally, it should not exceed 1 / 4 of the width of the concrete block, and the horizontal distance between the two channels should not be less than 1 / 16 of the width of the concrete block, otherwise it may weaken the horizontal integrity and shear resistance of the concrete block), preferably 1 / 8.
[0015] Furthermore, the connectors are made using bolts or welding to ensure a secure connection.
[0016] Furthermore, both the concrete blocks and the concrete can be conventional concrete blocks, made by mixing cement, sand (fine aggregate), gravel (coarse aggregate), admixtures, and other materials in a certain proportion and then adding water. The concrete blocks and the concrete can also be made of different materials. Preferably, the concrete blocks are soil blocks mixed with large-diameter aggregates and SAP (SAP refers to superabsorbent polymer), while the concrete is conventional concrete.
[0017] Secondly, this utility model provides a tunnel buffer layer, which includes several of the above-mentioned transverse device structures.
[0018] Several horizontal devices (pipes) are closely fitted together and arranged in sequence to form a buffer layer.
[0019] Several transverse devices (pipelines) are set parallel to the tunnel's direction of travel.
[0020] Thirdly, this utility model provides a composite lining structure, including an initial support, the aforementioned buffer layer and a secondary lining, wherein the initial support, the buffer layer and the secondary lining are stacked in sequence to form an arched structure, and the buffer layer is disposed between the secondary lining and the initial support.
[0021] The buffer layer, the initial support (upper layer), and the secondary lining (lower layer) are connected by connectors and connecting rods, and the connectors are bolted connections.
[0022] Several channels are set in the buffer layer, the initial support (upper layer), and the secondary lining (lower layer). The channels of adjacent structures are aligned, and the connecting rods are placed in the channels. The connecting rods of adjacent structures are connected by connectors, thereby connecting the adjacent structures.
[0023] Specifically, the channels at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer can be completely connected. Corresponding channels are set for the initial support (upper layer) and secondary lining (lower layer) adjacent to the channels in the buffer layer. At this time, the connecting rod is inserted through the buffer layer into the drill holes of the upper and lower structure and fixed with connectors.
[0024] Alternatively, the channels at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer are not completely continuous; instead, channels of a certain depth are provided at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer (where the depth of the channel is less than half the diameter of the buffer layer (pipe)). Corresponding channels are provided at the positions of the initial support (upper layer) and secondary lining (lower layer) adjacent to the channels in the buffer layer. In this case, connecting rods are inserted into the channels at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer, as well as the channels in the initial support (upper layer) and secondary lining (lower layer), and adjacent connecting rods are connected by connectors. For example, the connecting rod embedded in the upper channel of the buffer layer structure is connected to the connecting rod embedded in the channel of the initial support (upper layer) using connectors, and the connecting rod embedded in the lower channel of the buffer layer structure is connected to the connecting rod embedded in the channel of the secondary lining (lower layer) using connectors.
[0025] The connector is a bolted connection.
[0026] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
[0027] (1) The transverse device proposed in this utility model has a reasonable structural design. Each buffer unit is connected into a whole through connecting parts, which can effectively disperse transverse pressure.
[0028] (2) Compared with the existing buffer layer structure, the transverse device structure adopts a relatively simple block structure splicing, and the connection method between buffer blocks may be direct stacking or simple slot connection. This utility model is specially designed to disperse the transverse pressure and the channel structure, which can evenly disperse the pressure and solve the problem of easy local pressure and accelerated buffer layer damage in the prior art.
[0029] (3) Compared with the existing monolithic structures, which are difficult to construct, hard to shape, difficult to repair and replace, and have low construction efficiency due to the lack of reasonable unit division, this utility model reasonably divides multiple buffer units and uses connectors to connect and combine the buffer units into a horizontal device (pipe). The horizontal device (pipe) fits tightly and is also bolted to the upper and lower layers, thus achieving overall fixation. Because it is set in sections, it is convenient for subsequent maintenance and replacement, and the construction method is also simple.
[0030] (4) The buffer layer structure proposed in this utility model has a long service life and low maintenance cost, which can effectively reduce the total life cycle cost of the tunnel and has significant economic and social benefits.
[0031] (5) The transverse device structure and buffer layer structure of the buffer layer provided by this utility model achieve uniform pressure distribution by reasonably dividing the unit and setting connecting rods and channels, while simple concrete tubular or integrally cast concrete buffer layers do not have this special design and are difficult to effectively cope with the complex stress conditions and water pressure changes in the tunnel. Attached Figure Description
[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of this utility model. The illustrative embodiments of this utility model and their descriptions are used to explain this utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation of this utility model.
[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection method of the concrete blocks disclosed in this utility model;
[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse device structure of the tunnel buffer layer disclosed in this utility model;
[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the transverse device structure of the tunnel buffer layer disclosed in this utility model;
[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a concrete lining support structure disclosed in this utility model.
[0037] In the diagram: 1. Connecting rod; 2. Connector; 3. Concrete block; 4. Concrete; 5. Buffer layer structure; 6. Initial support; 7. Secondary lining. Detailed Implementation
[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the technical solution of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0039] Example 1
[0040] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this utility model provides a transverse device structure for a tunnel buffer layer. The transverse device structure is a pipe structure, including multiple buffer units arranged in sequence, connectors and concrete. Each buffer unit is connected in sequence using connectors, and concrete is filled around the buffer unit.
[0041] Each buffer unit includes a concrete block and a connecting rod. Several channels are provided at both ends of the concrete block, and the connecting rod is embedded in the channels at both ends. Adjacent concrete blocks are connected by connecting rods using connectors.
[0042] Several holes in adjacent concrete blocks must be aligned so that the holes in adjacent concrete blocks can be connected, thereby connecting the connecting rods using connectors, and thus achieving the connection and fixation of adjacent concrete blocks.
[0043] Furthermore, the pipes are made of polyethylene or galvanized white pipes.
[0044] Furthermore, the concrete blocks are rectangular or cubic in shape, and their dimensions are designed according to the actual conditions of the tunnel.
[0045] Furthermore, the length of the ducts at both ends of the concrete block should be less than half the length of the concrete block. Here, the length of the concrete block refers to the length of the concrete block in this direction when the concrete blocks are arranged sequentially. Preferably, the length of the duct is one-quarter to one-third of the length of the concrete block.
[0046] Furthermore, the diameter of the holes at both ends of the concrete block must be the same as the diameter of the connecting rod, so that the connecting rod falls exactly into the hole. If the hole diameter is too small, the connecting rod cannot be placed in the hole. If the hole diameter is too large, the connecting rod embedded in the hole will wobble, which is not conducive to the overall stability. Misalignment will also reduce the buffering effect.
[0047] Furthermore, the connecting rod is made of high-strength steel.
[0048] Furthermore, the number of holes set at both ends of the concrete block is designed according to the actual situation of the tunnel. For example, 2-5 holes can be set at both ends of each concrete block.
[0049] Furthermore, the connectors are made using bolts or welding to ensure a secure connection.
[0050] Furthermore, the concrete blocks are preferably soil blocks mixed with large-diameter aggregates and SAP (SAP refers to superabsorbent polymer).
[0051] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the construction method for the transverse device structure includes:
[0052] Concrete block preparation: During the concrete block molding process, the channels are set up (a total of six channels are set up for each concrete block, with three channels on each side. The vertical centerline of the bottom channel coincides with the vertical centerline of the concrete block, and the distance from the bottom of the concrete block is 1 / 3 of the height of the concrete block; the horizontal centerlines of the other two channels coincide with the horizontal centerline of the block, and the distance between these two channels is 1 / 8 of the width of the concrete block). Ensure the workability of the concrete meets the construction requirements; after mixing, the concrete is discharged and transported to the construction site.
[0053] The pipeline is divided into sections of a certain length (e.g., 3-5 meters). At the construction site inside the tunnel, one section of the pipeline is first placed on the foundation pad. The foundation pad is made of sand and is 100mm thick. The foundation pad should be flat and compacted.
[0054] The buffer units are assembled directly inside the pipeline. First, the first concrete block is placed at one end of the pipeline, and a connecting rod is inserted. Then, the holes of the second concrete block are aligned with the connecting rod, and they are connected using connectors. This process is repeated until the buffer units are assembled and connected within the pipeline. When connecting the connecting rods of adjacent concrete blocks using connectors, for bolted connections, the bolts are first passed through the connecting holes of the connecting rods, and then the nuts are tightened to ensure a secure connection. For welding connections, professional welding equipment is used, and a quality inspection is performed after welding to ensure the welding quality meets requirements.
[0055] After each section (e.g., 1-2 meters) of buffer unit is assembled, concrete is filled into that section of pipe through a specially designed small funnel and conduit. During the filling process, a small vibratory device (e.g., an immersion vibrator) is used to compact the concrete, ensuring that the concrete is densely packed while avoiding any impact on the assembled buffer unit.
[0056] After assembling the buffer unit and filling it with concrete within a section of the pipeline, connect the next section of pipeline to it, repeating the above steps until the entire horizontal structure is completed. Once the horizontal structure is installed, inspect the entire structure, including the location of the buffer units and the tightness of the connecting components.
[0057] At the same time, necessary adjustments should be made, such as checking the deformation of the buffer unit under stress, to ensure that it can play a normal buffering role.
[0058] The transverse device structure formed by the above construction method is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.
[0059] Example 2
[0060] This utility model also provides a tunnel buffer layer, which includes several transverse device structures of Embodiment 1.
[0061] Several horizontal devices (pipes) are closely fitted together and arranged in sequence to form a buffer layer structure.
[0062] Several transverse devices (pipelines) are set parallel to the tunnel's direction of travel.
[0063] Example 3
[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, this utility model also provides a composite lining structure, including an initial support, a buffer layer structure of Example 2, and a secondary lining. The initial support, the buffer layer structure, and the secondary lining are stacked in sequence to form an arch structure, and the buffer layer structure is disposed between the secondary lining and the initial support.
[0065] The buffer layer structure, the initial support (upper layer), and the secondary lining (lower layer) are connected by connectors and connecting rods, and the connectors are bolted connections.
[0066] Several channels are set in the buffer layer structure, the initial support (upper layer), and the secondary lining (lower layer). The channels of adjacent structures are aligned, and the connecting rods are placed in the channels. The connecting rods of adjacent structures are connected by connectors, thereby connecting the adjacent structures.
[0067] Specifically, the ducts at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer structure can be completely connected. Corresponding ducts are provided for the initial support (upper layer) and secondary lining (lower layer) adjacent to the ducts in the buffer layer structure. At this point, connecting rods are inserted through the buffer layer structure into the drilled holes in the upper and lower layers and fixed using connectors. The connection method between the buffer layer and the upper and lower layers is a bolted connection. Holes are pre-drilled in both the buffer layer and the upper and lower layers, and then connecting rods are inserted through the buffer layer into the drilled holes in the upper and lower layers and fixed using connectors.
[0068] Alternatively, the channels at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer structure are not completely continuous; instead, channels of a certain depth (less than half the diameter of the buffer layer structure (pipe)) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer structure. Corresponding channels are provided at the locations of the initial support (upper layer) and secondary lining (lower layer) adjacent to the channels in the buffer layer structure. In this case, connecting rods are inserted into the channels at the upper and lower ends of the buffer layer structure, as well as the channels in the initial support (upper layer) and secondary lining (lower layer), and adjacent connecting rods are connected using connectors. For example, the connecting rod embedded in the upper channel of the buffer layer structure is connected to the connecting rod embedded in the channel of the initial support (upper layer) using connectors, and the connecting rod embedded in the lower channel of the buffer layer structure is connected to the connecting rod embedded in the channel of the secondary lining (lower layer) using connectors. The connectors are bolted connections.
[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A transverse device structure for a tunnel buffer layer, characterized in that, The transverse device structure is a pipe structure, which includes multiple buffer units, connectors and concrete arranged in sequence. Each buffer unit is connected in sequence using connectors, and concrete is filled around the buffer unit. Each buffer unit includes a concrete block and a connecting rod. Several channels are provided at both ends of the concrete block, and the connecting rod is embedded in the channels at both ends. Adjacent concrete blocks are connected by connecting rods using connectors. The length of the ducts at both ends of the concrete block must be less than half the length of the concrete block; the diameter of the ducts at both ends of the concrete block must be the same as the diameter of the connecting rod.
2. The transverse device structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several holes in adjacent concrete blocks must be aligned; The concrete blocks are rectangular or cubic in shape.
3. The transverse device structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two to five holes are set at each end of each concrete block.
4. The transverse device structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Three holes are set at each end of each concrete block. The vertical center line of the bottom hole coincides with the vertical center line of the concrete block, and the distance from the bottom of the concrete block is 1 / 6 to 1 / 2 of the height of the concrete block. The horizontal center lines of the other two holes coincide with the horizontal center line of the block, and the distance between these two holes is 1 / 16 to 1 / 4 of the width of the concrete block.
5. The transverse device structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod is made of high-strength steel; The connectors are made by bolting or welding.
6. A tunnel buffer layer, characterized in that, It includes several transverse device structures for the tunnel buffer layer as described in any one of claims 1-5.
7. The tunnel buffer layer according to claim 6, characterized in that, Several horizontal devices are closely fitted together and arranged in sequence; Several transverse devices are set parallel to the tunnel's forward direction.
8. A composite lining structure, characterized in that, It includes initial support, tunnel buffer layer as described in claim 6 or 7, and secondary lining. The initial support, buffer layer, and secondary lining are stacked in sequence to form an arch structure, and the buffer layer is disposed between the secondary lining and the initial support. The buffer layer, initial support, and secondary lining are connected by connectors and connecting rods, and the connectors are bolted connections.
9. The composite lining structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, Several channels are set in the buffer layer, initial support and secondary lining respectively. The channels of adjacent structures are aligned, the connecting rods are placed in the channels, and the connecting rods of adjacent structures are connected by connectors.